PHAR 3 (LAB) - Monthly Reviewer PART 1: PREPARATIONS Preparation 1: Anhydrous Thyroxine Na Category: Powder - drug or chemical in dry form

which can be taken internally (nose, throat, tooth) or externally (skin) Production Method: 1. Comminution/ Particle Size -reduction of particle size Large Scale - mill Extemporaneous -Trituration - reducing by rubbing the particles by mortar & pestle. -Pulverization by intervention - state of condition of solid with the aid of anoher example: camphor + alcohol iodine + ether -Levigation -- formulation of paste by a levigating agent (example: glycerin) 2. Blending/ Mixing

Hygroscopic -absorb/ adsorb moisture - ZnCl, NaCl Deliquescent -absorbs moisture & liquid - CuSO4 *Powder - chartulae *Description- properly folded *Uses- thyroxine Formulation Ingredients Eltroxin Lactose Original Amount 100 mcg 200 mg Computed Amount 25 mcg 50 mg

Procedure 1. triturate lactose 2. pulverized tablet 3. Mix together 4. Place in pill tile, form a block then divide into 4 potions 5. Wrap each individually in a glassine paper & place in paper envelope Label: white Container: papertab (8 x13) envelope: (17 x 12.5) Preparation 2: Effervescent Granule Granules - prepared agglomerate of smaller particle size of powder -can pass through #4 - #12 sieve Effervescence -granules/ course to very course powder containing medicinal substances & dry powder Main Components 1. Na HCO3 2. C8H7O7 . H2O 3. C4H6O6

extemporaneous
-spatulation -trituration -sifting -tumbling -geometric dilution (potent drug) *geometric dilution 1g diluet ==> 1 g potent 3. Divided Powder -weighing -block & divide Packaging Material 1. Powder Paper Type

4.

saline cathartic

-vegetable parchment
-thin, semi-opaque, moisture resistant

-white bond
-opaque, no moisture resistance

-glassine
- waxed, transparent w/ moisture resistance

-waxed
-transparent with water proof properties 2. Paper boxes/ Powder Envelopes Special Problems:

Methods of Preparation 1. Wet Method - H20 +Alcohol H2O as moistening agent -pliable mass/paste -sieve then oven 2. Dry Method (fusion) -doesn't need binding agt/ moistening agent (vegetable /animal) 1. very coarse - all particle size pass through #8 sieve & not more than 20% pass through #60 sieve 2. coarse - all particle size pass through #20 sieve & not more than 40% pass through #60 sieve 3. moderately coarse - all particle size pass through #40 sieve & not more than 40% pass through #80 sieve

Volatile Substance -sealed plastic envelope -double wrapped with bond paper Eutectic Mixture -add diluents (starch, lactose) -ASA, camphor, menthol

4. fine - all particle size pass through #60 sieve & not more than 40% pass through #100 sieve 5. very fine - all particle size pass through #80 sieve & no limit as to greater fineness Chemical 1. Coarse - all #20 sieve, NMT 60% #40 sieve 2. Mod. Coarse - all #40 sieve, NMT 60% #60 sieve 3. Fine - all #80 sieveno limit as to greater fineness 4. Vey Fine - all #120 sieve, no limit as to greater fineness Formulation Ingredients Citric acid NaHCO3 Tartaric acid Original Amount 1g 3.4 g 2g Computed Amount 2.3 g 8.0 g 4.7 g

2 telescoping part
Body piece - longer Cup 2. Soft Gelatin Capsule - more moisture - contains preservative (methyl, propyl) Sizes of Capsule Size 000 00 0 1 2 3 4 5 Weight 15 gr 10 gr 7.5 gr 5 gr 4 gr 3 gr 2 gr 1 gr Volume 1.36 mL 0.95 mL 0.67 mL 0.48 mL 0.37 mL 0.27 mL 0.20 mL 0.13 mL

Procedure 1. Triturate ingredients individually; then mix 2. Moisten with minimum of 10 drops of H2O 3. Sieve #12 4. Oven (34 - 40 degrees) 15 mins 5. Place in a container

Examples of fill in HGC 1. granules & powders 2. pellet mixture 3. tablet 4. capsule 5. paste Examples of fill in SGC 1. pasty material 2 .scaled liquid 3. preformulated tablet 4. suspension 5. dry powder Procedure 1. know the capsule size ( #1 capsule) 2. needed amount of aspirin (650 mg) 3. triturate the ingredients 4. place in a pill tile 5. remove/ separate the capsule 6. do the Punch Method * press repeatedly the open end of the body of capsule downward into the flat powder bed. 7. finger prints- partial dissolution of capsule 8. close the capsule 9. clean/polish the capsule with mineral oil 10. place appropriate container Preparation # 4: Glycerin Suppository Suppository - solid dosage form for insertion into the body orifice to melt, soften, dissolve, exert local/systemic effect. - from latin word "supponere" - to palce under ; "sub" - under ; "ponere" -to place Local Effect - 1/3 Systemic Effect - lower than local

If citric acid is used alone it will be very sticky & difficult to granulate. If Tartaric Acid is used alone it will not be firm & tend to crumble. These chem are used to be able to balance their properties.
Sieve tube
#4 - 4.75 mm #8 - 2.36 mm #10 - 2 mm #12 - 1.7 mm #16 - 1.18 mm #18 - 1.0 mm #20 - 850 mcm #40- 425 mcm #60 - 250 mcm #80 - 180 mcm #100 - 150 mcm #120 - 125 mcm

Preparation # 3 : Aspirin Capsule Capsule - solid dosage forms containing medicinal substace enclosed in "shell" (gelatin) container Gelatin - partial hydrolysis from the skin, connective tissues, bones of animals Types of Capsule: 1. Hard gelatin Capsule/ Dry filled capsule - gelatin, sugar, water - colorless, transparent, tasteless - colored w/ FD&C dye ; D&C dye - opaque by titanium dioxide

Types

PART 2: CONVERSION *infant : 1g ; adult 2 g Apothecary Fluid Measure 60 minims = 1 fluiddrachm 8 fluiddrachm = 1 fluidounce 16 fluidounce = 1 pint 2 pint =1quart 4 quarts = 2 gallon Apothecary Measure of Weight 20 grains =1 scruple 3 scruples = 1 drachm 8 drachm = 1ounce 12 ounce =1 pound Interconversion

1. rectal - cylindrical bullet type shape 2. urethral - slender, pencil type shape
- 3.6 mm diameter *male: 4g => 100 - 150 mm long *female: 2 g => 60 - 70 mm long 3. Vaginal -globular, ovi form - 3g - 5g

RARE SUPPOSITORIES: 4. Nasal Suppository "burginarium" 5. Aural Suppository "ear cones"

Methods 1. Molding/ Fussion - heat 2. Cold Compression 3. Hand molding/ rolling/ shaping 4. Compression into tablet Bases:

1meter 1inch 1mL 1minim 1fluidrachm 1fluidounce 1 pint 1quart 1 gal 1g 1kg 1gr 1 avoir oz 1 apoth oz 1avoir lb 1apoth lb

=39.37 in =2.54 cm =16.23 minims =0.06 mL =3.69 mL =29.57 mL = 473 mL = 946 mL = 3785 mL = 15.432 gr = 2.20 lb = 0.065 g =28.35 g =31.1 g =454 g =373 g

1. Fatty/oleagenous Bases
- cocoa butter -dehydag -cothar -witepsol -wecobel

2. Water Soluble -glycerinated gelatin (Jel-o)

-polyethylene glycol (polybase) 3. Miscellenous base - combination of oleagenous & water poly oxyl 40 stearate Procedure 1. lubricate the molder with mineral oil then place in the freezer 2. weigh the diff constituents 3. melt the glycerin by water bath/ heating mantle 4. add monohydrate NA2CO3 (triturated) 5. add water + steric acid 6. stir the mixture & place in the molder 7. place it back in the freezer (5-10 mins) 8. remove it then wrap in aluminum foil glycerin (1.248 g/ml) - 12.4 g monohydrated Na2CO3 - 0.54 g stearic acid - 2.48 g water - 1.67 g

PART 3: LATIN TERMS ABBREVIATIONS LATIN TERM / PHRASE ENGLISH MEANING

1. a., applic. 2. aa 3. a.c., ant. cib. 4. ad 5. addend 6. a.h., alt.hor. 7. a.j. 8. alt. die 9. aq. calid. 10. aq. dest. 11. ad. frig. 12. aug. 13. aur. 14. b. 15. b.d., b.i.d. 16. b.t.d., b.t.i.d. 17. c.c. 18. c.l.q.s. 19. cap.

applicantus, a, um ana ante cibum ad addendus, a, um addendo alternis horis ante jentaculum alterno die aqua calida aqua destillata aqua frigida augeatur auris bis bis die, bis in die bis terve in die cum cibos cuilibet quantum sufficiat cape capitat capiatur capiantur capiendus, a, um compositus, a, um cochleare concentratus, a, um de die divide in partes aequales

to be applied of each before food to sufficient or to produce to be added by adding every other hour before breakfast every other day hot water distilled water cold water let it be increased the ear twice twice daily two or three times a day with food a sufficient quantity or as you please take let him take let it be taken let them be taken to be taken compound spoonful concentrate daily divide into equal parts

20. comp. 21. coch. 22. conc. 23. d.d. 24. d. in p. aeq.

25. d.p. 26. decub. hor. 27. dext. 28. dil. 29. div. 30. dol. urg. 31. dolent. part. 32. dup., dx. 33. dur. 34. dur. dol. 35. e.m.p. 36. e. paul. aq. 37. ex 38. ex aq. 39. ex. aq. coch. ampl. 40. extempl. 41. f., ft. 42. fort. 43. gtt. 44. guttur 45. h.s. 46. hac noct. 47. i.c. 48. in loc. Frig. 49. infric. 50. laev.

directione propria decubitas hora dexter dilutus, a, um divide dolore urgente dolente parti duplex durus durante dolore ex modo praescripto ex paulo aquae ex ex aqua ex aqua cochleari amplo extemplo fiat fiant fortis, e gutta, guttae gutturi hora somni hac nocte inter cibos In loco frigido Infracandus, a, um Infricetur laevus, a, um

with proper directions at bedtime right, on the right diluted divide when the pain is severe to the afflicted part double hard when the pain lasts in the manner prescribed in a little water from out of with water in a tablespoonful of water immediately let it be made let them be made strong drop, drops, eye-drops to the throat at bedtime tonight between meals in a cool place to be rubbed in let it be rubbed left, on the left

51. luc. p.

luce prima

early in the morning

52. m. 53. m., man. 54. m., mitt. 55. m.d. 56. n., noct. 57. n. mque. 58. n. et m. 59. ne rep. 60. non rep. 61. N.P., nom. prop. 62. o., om. 63. oc., ocul. 64. o.d. 65. p.a., part. aff. 66. p.a.a. 67. p. aeq. 68. p.c. 69. p.m. 70. p.p.a. 71. p.r.n. 72. pond. 73. ppt. 74. pro dos. 75. prox. luc. 76. pulv. 77. q., qq. 78. q.d.s. 79. q. dx.

misce mane mitte moredicto nocte nocte maneque nocte et mane ne repetatur non repetatur nomen proprium omni oculus omni die parti affectae parti affectae applicandus partes aequales post cibum post meridiem primo mane phiala prius agitata pro re nata ponderosus praecipitatus, a, um prodosi proximaluce pulverisatus, a, um quaque quarter die sumendus, a, um quantitas duplex

mix in the morning send as directed at night night and morning night and morning do not repeat do not repeat proper name every, each the eye everyday to the affected part to the applied to the affected part equal parts after food afternoon early in the morning the bottle having first been shaken when required heavy precipitated for a dose on the next day powdered every to be taken four times daily double quantity

80. q.h.s. 81. q.i.d. 82. q.q.h. 83. q.s. 84. quart. 85. quot. 86. Rx 87. rep. 88. rep. dos. 89. s. 90. s., sum.

quartis horis sumendus quarter in die quarta quaque hora quantum sufficiat quarter, a, um quotidie recipe repetatur repetatur dosis sine sumat sumatur sumantur sumendus, a, um secumdum artem saepe semen in die siccus Sinister signa si opus sit semis statim Sugatur ter diesumendus, a, um ter in die terquarterve in die tussis tussis urgente utendus, a, um

to be taken every four hours four times a day every four times as much as is sufficient fourth daily take let it be repeated let the dose be repeated without let him take let it be taken let them be taken to be taken with pharmaceutical skill (i.e. according to art) often once a day dried left, on the left label if necessary the half immediately let it be sucked to be taken three times daily three times daily three or four times daily a cough when the cough is troublesome to be used

91. s.a. 92. saep. 93. sem in die 94. sicc. 95. s., sinist. 96. sig. 97. S.O.S. 98. ss. 99. stat. 100. sug. 101. t..d.s. 102. t.i.d. 103. t.q.d., t.q.i.d. 104. tuss. 105. tuss. urg. 106. u., utend

107. u.d., ut dict. 108. ut.supr. 109. v., vesp.

ut dictum ut supra vespere

as directed as above in the evening

PRESCRIPTION FILLING DIRECTIONS

ABBREVIATION aa. ad disp. div. d.t.d. ft M. No. non rep / NR q.s. q.s. ad Sig. LATIN ORIGIN ana ad dispensatur dividatur dentur tales doses fiat mice numero non repatatur quantum sufficit quantum sufficiat ad Signa MEANING of each up to; to make dispense divide give of such doses make mix number do not repeat a sufficient quantity a sufficient quantity to make write (directions on label)

QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENT

ABBREVIATION (LATIN ORIGIN) BSA cm3 f or fl (fluidus) fl or f flss or fss g gal gtt (gutta) lb (libra) kg L m2 or M2 mcg mEq mg mg/kg mg/m2 mL mL/h mOsm or mOsmol oz. pt. qt. ss or (semissem) tbsp. tsp. MEANING body surface area cubic centimeter or millimeter (mL) fluid fluid dram ( teaspoonful, 5 mL) half-fluidounce ( tabalespponful, 15 mL) gram gallon drop pound kilogram liter square meter microgram milliequivalent milligram milligrams (of drug) per kilogram (of body weight) milligrams (of drug) per square meter (of body surface area) milliliter milliliters (of drug administered) per hour (as through intravenous administration) milliosmoles ounce pint quart one half tablespoonful teaspoonful

SIGNA / PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS

ABBREVIATION a.c. ad lib. admin LATIN ORIGIN ante cibos ad libitum ----MEANING before meals at pleasure, freely administer

A.M. aq. ATC b.i.d. c or d dil. et h. or hr. h.s. i.c. min. m&n N&V noct. NPO p.c. P.M. p.o. p.r.n. q qAM q4h, q8h, etc. q.i.d. rep. s s.i.d. s.o.s. stat. t.i.d. ut dict. wk.

ante meridiem aqua ----bis in die cum die dilitus ----hora hora somni inter cibos minutum --------nocte non per os post cibos post meridiem per os pro de nata quaque --------quarter in die repetatur sine semel in die si opus sit statim ter in die ut dictum -----

morning water around the clock twice a day with day dilute and hour at bedtime between meals minute morning and night nausea and vomiting night nothing by mouth after meals afternoon; evening by mouth (orally) as needed every every morning every __ hours four times a day repeat without once a day if there is need; as needed immediately three times a day as directed week

MEDICATIONS
ABBREVIATIONS APAP ASA AZT EES HC HCTZ MTX NTG MEANING acetaminophen aspirin zidovudine erythromycin ethylsuccinate hydrocortisone hydrochlorothiazide methotrexate nitroglycerin

CLINICAL
ABBREVIATIONS BM BP BS CHD CHF GERD GI GFR GU HA HBP HRT HT or HTN MEANING bowel movement blood pressure blood sugar coronary heart disease congestive heart failure gastrointestinal reflux disease gastrointestinal glomerular filtration rate genitourinary headache high blood pressure hormone replacement therapy hypertension

IOP MI OA Pt SOB TPN URI UTI

intraocular pressure myocardial ischemia/ infarction osteoarthritis patient shortness of breath total parenteral nutrition upper respiratory infection urinary tract infection

DOSAGE FORMS / VEHICLES

ABBREVIATIONS amp. cap. D5LR D5NS D5W D10W elix. inj. NS NS oint. or ungt. (unguentum) pulv. (pulvis) RL, R/L or LR sol. (solutio) supp. (suppositorium) susp. syr. (syrupus) tab. (tabletta) MEANING ampul capsule dextrose 5% in lactated Ringers dextrose 5% in normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) dextrose 5% in water dextrose 10% in water elixir injection normal saline half-strength normal saline ointment powder Ringers Lactate or Lactated Ringers solution suppository suspension syrup tablet

ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
ABBREVIATION CIVI ID IM IT IV IVB IV Drip IVP IVPB NGT p.o. or PO (per os) rect. SL SubQ Top. V or PV MEANING continuous (24 hour) intravenous infusion intradermal intramuscular intrathecal intravenous intravenous bolus intravenous infusion intravenous push intravenous piggy back nasogastric tube by mouth rectal or rectum sublingual subcutaneously topically vaginally