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N . c N

286

 N . N N
. N c
c
g .

.
N
N N . N N
c c . N
c
. g N
.
N .
N
N
N c

.
- -Euclid N
g .
g
.
- ) ( )(-
Rayleigh, Lord]John William Strut
. . .
.
- )(-
Poisson, Simeon Denis
. N .
.
- )Foucault, Leon (-
. . Journal de Debots
.
.
.
- )(-
Fizeau, Armand Hippolyte Louis

287

 . . .
. N
. N .
- )De Broglie (-
.
)(
N N.

- )Vasari,Georgio (-
- .
.
- Foreshortening

N N N
N N
.
- )Leonardo, Da Vinci (-
.
.
.
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N
)( c N .
N
.
. . N .
- )Schrodinger, Ervin (-
. N N
.
N N .
.
c N N .
N
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.

288

 - )(-
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste
.
. N .

.
c .
.
.
- )Chambers,Ephraim (-
. N .
- )Spencer; Herbert (-
.
N N .c

Syatem Of Synthetic Philosophy
.

289


- Phage Or Phagocyte
\
.
.
.Bacteriophage
- )(-
Lenz, Heinrich Friedrixh Emil
.
. Lenzs Law
N . N N
.
- Ohm, George
N - .
N
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c )( )( N )( =
/ )( = / = N =
= .
- Vernier Scale
(-) Vernier, Pierre

g
. .

N
. .
- Gyroscope

.
. g
.
Gyro-Compass N N

290

 N
.
- Solipsism
. N
.
) (-

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- Alpha Particles
N
. c c c
c . N )
(.
- Cloud Chamber
N g
N N N
N .
g Adiabatic
. .

N .

291

292



Perception

Statics

Annual Parallax
N
Mossbauer radiation

Red Oxide of Mercury

Nitrous Oxide

Cathode rays
N
Nitric Oxide

Spectrum

Polarization

Black-body radiation

Neo Platonism

Theses

Double refraction
N
Cathode ray tubes
N
X-rays

) - (
Circularity-Circular Argument
Chemical affinity

Ether

Mechanical ether
N
Subnuclear events

Gravitational rebounding
/

293

Angular displacement

Specific probabilities

Aristotalianism

Combining weights
/N
Ontology
/
Vernier

Electro

Ammeter
/
Combining weight

Energy Conservation

Corpuscular Optics

Wave Optics
N
Physical Optics

Geometrical Optics

Barium Platinocyanide

Phage

Pendulum

Conical Pendulum

Analytic-Synthetic

NaturalHistory

Heating by
N c
Antiperstasis
Composition

RadioTelescope

S h i f t Gravitational

GravitationalAttraction

Precession of the Equinoxes
c
Parity non-conservation

Photo electric effect

294

Astronomical ephemeredes
Differential attractions
Electrostatic repulsion
Elective affinity
Verification
Construction
Simultaneity
Constant acceleration
Specific gravity
Avogardos number
Universal gravitational Constant
Gestalt
Contact Potential
Foucaults apparatus
Molecule
Corpuscule
Periodic table
Keplers Rudoiphine tables
Gyroscope
Alpha Particles
Gal vanometer
Leiden jar
Transverse wave motion
Acidity of solution
Acidity
Diffraction
Specific Heat
Aberration
Moons Perigee
295

Perihelion
-
Dynamics

Periods of eclipsing
binaries
Relativistic Dynamics

Bobs Period
/
Steady-state hydrodynamic System


Thermodynamics
Aristotelian Dynamics

Atom

Venus
/
Sociology
-
Psychology of Perception

Synchrotron
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Heat Capacity

Calorie

Velocity

Relative Velocity

Terminal Velocity
/
Amplitude

Semantic

Inclined plane
N
Spectral Intensity

Electronic charge

Counter instances
-
Charging by induction

Structural Formula

Potential Ascent
N
296

Wave length
N
Kinetic energy
N
Molecular Spectrum

Phenomenon

Subatomic phenomena

Behavioural Sciences

Physical Science
-
Biology

Astrology

Normal Science

Natural Science

/ N Calendar
makig
Astronoly

Scintillation counter

Pneumatics
N
Hydrodynamics
N
Inverting lens
/
Transuranic

Mercury
/
Theology
/
Extraordinary Science

Radio Astronomy

Taxonomy

Taxonomic botany

Weight relations

Cloud chamer
/
Bubble Chamber

Photon

297

Mechanico Corpuscular Philosophy

N
Phlogiston

Absolute Space
N
Supra mechanical
N
Fore shortening

High energy physics

Chemical Chromatography

/
Solid State physics Physics of the solid

Field Theory physics

Ptolemaic astronomy

Compressibilities of materials
N
Electrical Conductivity

Force

Boyles Law

Coulomb law

Joules law

Inverse Square law

Law of fixed proportions

c
Laws of Statistical Thermodynamics

Chemical equivalents
N
Joule-lenz law
-
Ohms law

Wheatstone Bridge

Bodes law

Phlogistic chemistry

Chemistry

Quantum
) (
298

Electrician
Chemistry
Biochemistry
Mass
Mass point
Pneumatic Chemistry
Krypton
Photo electric
Rest mass
Heuristic
Improbability
Incommensurability
Irrationality
Conception
Discipline
Stellar positions
Atwoods machine
Precession of mercurys perihelion
Joules coefficient
Point charge
Radio propagation curves
Compound
Mixture
Maxwells equations
Statistical mechanics
Matrix Mechanics
Ether drag
Parameter
Variable
299

N
/

-


N
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Replacement serious

Pendulums period
) (
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Keplerian orbits

Orbit

Calorimeter
N .
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Paradigm

) Skepticism)Skepticism
/
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Calorie thermodynamics

Wave theory
N
Boiling Point

General Theory of relativity

Special Theory of relativity

Optical Activity
)(
Neutrino

Calorie theory

Wave theory of light
N
Electro magnetic theory

Electron-scattering maxima

Corpuscularism

Kinetic theory of gasses

Particulate theory of cathode ray
N
Dynamical theory of heat

Quantum theory
)(
300

Epistemology
N
Perihelion
-
Field theory

Theory of energy conservation

Heliocentrism

Geocentrism

Subnuclear

Impetus

Latitude of forms

Kinematic theory

N Probabilistic verification theory
constant proportions

Multiple Proportions
N
Hydrostatics

Helium

Fixed Air Co
) ) ( (
Actual descent

Leyden jar

Astronomical unit

Atomic weight

Spatial position
N N
Vernier
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Uranium

301


. - -c ) ( -
. - -c / - -
.- ? : -
.- c- -
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Two Dogmas ofof Benjamin Lee Whorf (New York, 1956). Quine has presented his views in
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T. S. Kuhn, The Copernican Revolution Planetary Astronomy in:( )
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T ... N N N:
T N
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N N
T N cc
N c
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(1) Joseph Priestley, The History and Present State of Discoveries Relating to Vision Light and Colors
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Marshall Clagett, Giovanni Marliani and Late Medieval Physics (New York. 1941), chap. Iv.
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Cohen N .- -
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Symmer c.c


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W.C. Walker The Detection and Estimation of Electric Charges in the Eighteenth Century, Annals of
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L. I. Schiff, (A Report on the NASA Conference on Experimental Tests of Theories Theones
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Abraham Wolf, A History of Science, Technology and Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century (2d ed.,
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Lawrence S. Kubie (Some Unsolved Problems of the Scientific Career), American Scientist, XLI (1953)
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( )
C.j. Davidsons Lec ture in les Prix Nobel en 1937 (Stockholm 1938)
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(7)H. Metzger, Les doctrines chimiques en France du debut du XVIIe sicle a la fin du-XVIIIe sicle
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Marie Boas, The Establishment of the Mechanical Philosophy , Osiris X,(1952) 412-541 For its
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(Personal Knowledge) N . g
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g .N .
( )
H. Metzger, Les Doctrines chimiques en France debut du XVIIe a Ia fin du XVIIe sicle (Paris, 1923),
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Jean Ullmo, la crise de Ia physique quantique (Paris, 1950), chap. Ii
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Pierre Brunet, Lintroduction des theries de Newton en France aud XVIlle sicle (Paris, 1931); and A.
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T. S. Kuhn, The Historical Structure of
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N c c
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c
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(1)A. R. Hall, (The Scientific Revolution),1500-1800 (London, 1954), p.16.
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E. T. Whittaker, A. History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, 1 (2nd ed. London, 1951), 94109; and W. Whewell, History of the Inductive Sciences (reved.; London, 1847), II, 396-466.
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Fritz Reich, The Quantum Theory, trans. H. S. Hatfield and II. L Brose (London. 1922), Chaps. i-ii
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(6) T. S. Kuhn, (The Copemican Revolution) (Cambridge, Mass., 1957), pp. 135-43.
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T ( )
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J. R. Partington and Douglas McKees Historical Studies on the Phlogiston The ory , Annals of Science,
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:
A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism (3d ed.; Oxford, 1892), p. 470.
. - N- - N( )
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For Anstarchus work, see T. L Heath, (Aristarchus of Samos: The Ancient Copernucus)(Oxford, 1913),
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Arthur Koestler,(The Sleepwalkers: A History of Mans Changing Vision of the Universe)(London,
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. - -N( )

.( )
N. R. Hanson, Patterns of Discovery (Cambridge, 1958), pp.99- 105.
(2)T. S. Kuhn, The Essential Tension : Tradition and Innovation in Scientific Research in The Third
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Frank Barron, The Psychology of Imagination , Scientific American, CXCIX (September, 1958),
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, Isis, XLIV (1958),136-37.The Caloric Theory of Adiabatic CompressionT. S. Kuhn,
: N N
, II (London, 1953), 151, 179A History of the Theories of Aether and ElectricityE.T. Whittaker,
( - ) .. . .( )
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) (- N- .
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N c c N N

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(Paris, 1956), chap. viiHistoire de Ia lumireV. Ronchi,
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(3)James B Conant, Overthrow of the Phlogiston Theory (Cambridge, 1950), pp 13-16; and J.R.
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H. Metezger, (Newton, Stahl, Boerhaave et Ia doctrine chimique (Paris, 1930), Part II.
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E. A. Burtt, The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science (rev. ed New York, 1932), pp.
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F. Reiche, The Quantum Theory (London, 1922), chaps. ii vi-ix
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A.Hunter Dupree, Ase Gray, 1810- 1888 (Cambridge, Mass., 1959), pp. (295-306)(355-83).

) (

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Margaret Masterman, The Nature of a Paradigm , in Growth of Knowledge; and Dudley Shaper, The
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Stephen Toulman N.
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319

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