INTROD UCTION: Maharishi Parasara has described the following birth time to be inauspicious as it indicates considerable turmoil for

both the native and family. Irrespective of the fine yogas obtaining in the chart, these moments are inauspicious for births as well as starting any activity. These are broadly called Dosha (Flaw or fault in the quality of time) and include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Tithi Dosha Karanadi Dosha Nakshatra Dosha Surya Dosha Upagraha Dosha Gandanta Dosha

1. TITHI DOSHA Tithi is the Vedic Lunar day reckoned from the Full Moon or New Moon wherein each day is equal to a lunar transit of 12o from the Sun. The birth in Amavasya1[1], Krishna Chaturdasi2[2], Soonya Tithi (Zero effect Tithi) and Dagdha Tithi (Combust Tithi) are considered inauspicious.

1.1 Amavasya This Tithi is ruled by Rahu and is considered very inauspicious as it brings poverty on the person born as well as the family. It rules hell and brings untold misfortunes. A lady born in this Tithi is said to become a widow early. However, if suitable remedial measures are performed, then great wealth is obtained through foreign connections & trade, or from mines etc. from below the ground. A female born in such a combination also begets three sons after the remedial measures. Since Rahu afflicts the Sun and Moon, the remedy lies in worshipping them in the direction of Rahu (South-West).

1. 2 Krishna-Chaturdasi The Krishna Paksha Chaturdasi Tithi occurs when the Moon is at a distance of 336o to 348o from the Sun. it is also called Narka (Hell) Chaturdasi. This span of 12o is divided into six parts of 2o each with the results as follows:

Part 1st

Extent (Moon-Sun) 336-338

Results Auspicious good results and

Remarks The effect is of the Rudra in the first house

2nd

338-340

Destruction or death of Father

The effect is of the Rudra in the third house, being the seventh from the ninth house

causes death of father.

3rd

340-342

Death of Mother

The effect is of the Rudra in the fifth house, being the second from the fourth causes the death of mother.

4th

342-344

Death uncle

of

maternal

The

effect

is

of

the

Rudra

in

the

seventh sixth

house.

Being

the

second

from

the

causes the death of maternal uncle.

5th

344-346

Destruction lineage

of

the

The effect is of the Rudra in the 11th house. Being the seventh from the 5th, it destroys the lineage or progeny and next generation.

6th

346-348

Death or destruction of the native

The effect is of Rudra in the ninth house.

1. 3 Soonya & Dagdha Tithi/ Ghatak Chakra The Tithi are classifie d on the basis of the Panchatatwa[8] as

Nanda (1, 6 & 11) Jala (Water) Bhadra (2, 7 & 12) Prthvi (Earthy) Jaya (3, 8 & 13) Agni (Fiery) Rikta (4, 9 & 14) Vayu (Airy) Poorna (5, 10 & 15) Akasha (Ethery)

If the Tithi is Ghatak (afflicts) to the Moon sign then it is Soonya (Zero effect) Tithi, If it is Ghatak to the Sun sign, then it is Dagdha (Combust) Tithi.

For Illustration, we if someone is born in Cancer Lagna and the tithi of some event happens to be Saptami, we can see that, Saptami which is a bhadra tithi is ghatak to the Moon sign in Cancer and hence the tithi becomes Soonya. The result of such activity undertaken on such day becomes fruitless. Similarly ghatak Rasi, Nakshatra, Day or Lagna can be avoided for any auspicious activity.

Table: Ghatak Chakra Ghatak/ Afflicting Transits Moon Birth sign at Moon Tithi Day Nakshatra Lagna

Aries Taurus Gemini

Aries Virgo Aquarius

Nanda Poorna Bhadra

Sunday Saturday Monday

Makha Hasta Swati

Aries Taurus Cancer

Cancer

Leo

Bhadra

Wednesday

Anuradha

Libra

Leo

Capricorn

Jaya

Saturday

Moola

Capricorn

Virgo

Gemini

Poorna

Saturday

Sravana

Pisces

Libra

Sagittarius

Rikta

Thursday

Satabhisaj

Virgo

Scorpio

Taurus

Nanda

Friday

Revati

Scorpio

Sagittarius

Pisces

Jaya

Friday

Dweja

Dhanus

Capricorn

Leo

Rikta

Tuesday

Rohini

Aquarius

Aquarius Pisces

Sagittarius Aquarius

Jaya Poorna

Thursday Friday

Ardra Aslesha

Gemini Leo

2. KARANA DOSHA Birth in Bhadra (Visti) Karana is considered to be inauspicious.

3. UPAGRAHA DOSA Birth at the time of Vyatipata, Paridhi, Vajra etc. or in Yamaghantaka is inauspicious. Remedy lies in the Parikrama (going around in the clockwise manner while reciting the Mantra) of the Pipal tree 108 times for improving the Longevity, Yagya for Lord Vishnu or Rudrabhishek for Lord Shiva.

4. SURYA DOSA Flaws associated with the Sun are called Surya dosha. This could be either due to birth at the time of sankranti (Solar ingress into a sign) or due to birth during an eclipse. The eclipse can be seen from association of nodes with the Sun on a new moon day. Thus whenever, one of the nodes is with the Sun and Moon conjunction, the birth is supposed to have occurred on a day of eclipse.

4.1 Sankranti (Solar ingress) Birth in Sankranti causes Surya dosha. Depending on the day of birth, the names of the seven Sankranti are Ghora, Dhwanshi, Mahodari, Manda, Mandakini, Mishra and Rakshashi. Surya is the significator of whatever support we get from this world as well as health and vitality. Thus, Surya dosha causes poverty, loss of health and many troubles related to the profession.

4.2 Eclipse Birth in a solar eclipse causes poverty and many hardships while that in a lunar eclipse causes physical ailments and all kinds of health problems. The solar eclipse occur whenever one of the node is placed with Sun and Moon conjunction and the lunar eclipse occur whenever one of the node conjoin the luminaries in opposition.

5. NAKSHATRA DOSHA Nakshatra deities No. Constellation Deity No. Constellation Deity

1 2 3 4

Aswini Bharini Krittika Rohini

Aswini Kumar Yama Agni Brahma

15 16 17 18

Swati Visakha Anuradha Jyestha

Indra Mitra Indra Nirriti

5 6 7 8 9 10

Mrigasira Ardra Punarvasu Pusya Aslesha Makha

Chandra[13] Rudra Aditi Brihaspati[14] Sarpa[15] Aditya[16]

19 20 21 22 23 24

Moola Poorvasadha Uttarasadha Sravana Dhanista Satabhisaj

Varuna Vishwa Deva Brahma Vishnu Vasudeva Varuna

11

Poorva Phalguni

Aryama

25

Poorvabhadrapad

Ajapada

12 13

Uttara Phalguni Hasta

Surya Vishwa Karma

26 27 Inter

Uttarabhadrapad Revati

Ahirbudhanya Pooshan

14

Chitra

Vayu calary

Abhijit

Hari

5.1. Ushna Ghatikas: Ushna means warm of hot. Moons passage through certain parts of a nakshatra is called as ushna ghatikas. Persons born during this time, suffer from many health hazards.

01d 40m - 03d 20m: of Ashwini, Rohini, Punarvasu, Makha, Hasta 12d 13m - 13d 20m: of Bharani, Mrgashira, Pushya, Purva-phalguni, Chitra 04d 40m - 06d 40m: of Krittika, Ardra, Aslesha, Uttara-phalguni, Svati 01d 20m - 01d 47m: of Vishakha, Moola , Sravana, Purva-bhadrapada 11d 34m - 13d 20m: of Ahuradha, Purva-ashadha, Dhanishtha, Uttarabhadrapada 04d 27m - 06d 40m: of Jyestha, Uttarashadha, Shatabhisaj, Revati

5.2. Visha Ghatikas

In Visha ghatis Ghatikas Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Nakshatras Ashwini Bharani Krttika Rohini Mrgashira Ardra Punarvasu Pushya Ashlesha Start 50 24 30 4 14 11 30 20 32 End 54 28 34 8 18 15 34 24 36

In Degrees Start 11d 7m 5d 20m 6d 40m 0d 53m 3d 7m 2d 27m 6d 40m 4d 27m 7d 7m End 7d 12m 20d 6m 40d 7m 53d 1m 7d 3m 27d 3m 40d 7m 27d 5m 7d 7m

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Makha Purva-phalguni Uttara-Phalguni Hasta Chitra Swati Vishakha Anuradha Jyeshtha Moola Purva-Ashadha Uttara-Ashadha Sravana Dhanistha Shatabhisaj

30 20 18 22 20 14 14 10 14 20 24 20 10 10 18

34 24 22 26 24 18 18 14 18 24 28 24 14 14 22 20 28 34

6d 40m 4d 27m 3d 60m 4d 53m 4d 27m 3d 7m 3d 7m 2d 13m 3d 7m 4d 27m 5d 20m 4d 27m 2d 13m 2d 13m 3d 60m 3d 33m 5d 20m 6d 40m

40d 7m 27d 5m 60d 4m 53d 5m 27d 5m 7d 3m 7d 3m 13d 3m 7d 3m 27d 5m 20d 6m 27d 5m 13d 3m 13d 3m 60d 4m 33d 4m 20d 6m 40d 7m

Purva-Bhadrapada 16 Uttara-Bhadrapada 24 Revati 30

5. GANDANTA DOSHA Gandanta Gandanta. Dosha is of three kinds. These are Lagna Gandanta, Rasi Gandanta and Tithi

5.1 Rasi Gandanta Gandanta refers to the junction signifying end or a new beginning and in the Bha-Chakra

(Zodiac) the three points of Zero degree Aries, Leo and Sagittarius in the junction of the Fire and Water signs shows the Gandanta. These are called Brahma Nabhi (Navel of Brahma the Creator). The Gandanta stretches for 3o 20 on either side of these points. Thus, the last quarter of Jyestha Nakshatra and the first quarter of Moola Nakshatra are called Jyestha Gandanta and Moola Gandanta or Abhukta Moola. The deities of these two constellations are Indra and Rakshas respectively and are highly inimical to each other. Similarly the junction between Aslesha and Makha constellations (last quarter of Aslesha in Cancer and first quarter of Makha in Leo) is very inauspicious. These four quarters have been given the highest negative value requiring the donation of three cows (or alms). The other junction between the last quarter of Revati in Pisces and the first quarter of Aswini in Aries is also baneful, but has a lesser inauspiciousness value of two cows.

More precisely, the three Ghatika (40 arc seconds) after the start of the first constellation of fiery signs and five Ghatika (1d 6s) before the end of the last constellation of watery signs is called Gandanta. If birth is in the daytime, it is called Pitri Gandanta while a night birth during Gandanta is called Matri Gandanta. Another classification is that the birth in Revati (Pisces) Aswini (Aries) junction is called Swa-Gandanta, birth in Aslesha (Cancer) Magha (Leo) junction is called Matri Gandanta while that in the Jyestha (Scorpio) Moola (Sagittarius) junction is called Pitri Gandanta.

Lunar Transit as the measure of Time: Moon takes approximately 60 Ghatikas or 1 day to transit 1 nakshatra. With this principle 3 ghatikas would be 3/60th portion of one nakshatra duration (13.333 deg) which is 40 arc secs.

5.2 Abhukta Gandanta Narada Muni has stated that of these six constellations, the Abhukta Moola Gandanta

comprises the last two Ghatika (48 minutes) of Jyestha and first two Ghatika (48 minutes) of Moola constellation. [The times given here are for the lunar transit and not degrees of the zodiac]. He adds that such a child should be abandoned (or given away) or any form of hope from him should not be made. If the child survives, father should not see his face for 8 years after birth. Other authorities indicate 27 days for this abstraction of father from seeing the face of the child, which seems more practical in todays context. Thereafter suitable remedial measures should be performed.

5.3 Moola-Nivasa (Residence of Moola) In the Vedic months of Margasira, phalgun, Vaisakha and Jyestha the residence of Moola is in Patala Loka (the hell). In Sravana, Kartika, Chaitra and Pausa the residence of Moola is in Martya Loka (the realm of Dead). In the four Vedic months of Ashada, Aswina, Bhadra and Magha, the residence of Moola is in Swarga Loka (the Heavens)3[26].

If birth is in Gandanta and the residence of Moola is in the realm of the dead (Martya Loka) then great evil is indicated. The evil is lesser for the other Loka. Movable fixed and dual signs in the ascendant (Lagna) are said to give Moola residence of Swarga (Heaven), Patala (Hell) and Martya loka (Death realm), respectively.

5.4 Lagna Gandanta In the junction of water & fire signs Lagna Gandanta exists for duration of 1 Ghatika 15 Vighatika each in the end/beginning respectively. [Note: 1 Ghatika 15 Vighatika is a duration of 1 hour. The second half of water sign and first half of fire signs have this Gandanta (However, most

authorities agree that the Gandanta is in the related constellation).The Lagna falling in any of these points causes Lagna Gandanta while the Moon in these quarters causes Rasi Gandanta.

5.5 Ganda Phala: (Results of birth in Gandanta). Lagna Gandanta results in the loss of intelligence while Rasi Gandanta results in premature death or loss of longevity. The remedy lies in worshipping the Lord of the Lagna/Moon constellation depending on the type of Gandanta. This deity becomes the Devata (Deity-in-Chief). Since the affliction comes from an adjoining sign, the lord of the nature of the sign becomes the AdhiDevata and the lord of the afflicting constellation becomes the Pratyadhi-Devata.

For

example,

let

us

determine

the

deities

for

Jyestha

Gandanta.

The

Lord

of

the

Jyestha

constellation (as per table 3.2) is Indra. So, Indra is the Devata or Chief deity. Jyestha is in Scorpio and the junction affliction comes from the sign Sagittarius having the Moola constellation.

Sagittarius is a fiery sign and the God of fire Agni is the Adhi-Devata. Moola is the afflicting constellation and the Lord of this constellation (as per table 3.2) is Rakshas who is the PratyadhiDevata.

Remedy of Gandanta: The ritual is normally performed in the Eastern or Northern part of the house depending on whether the Gandanta is in a fiery sign (East) or watery sign (North). The Kalasha (water pot) containing Panchagavya, Shastaushadhi and Ganga water is installed. The idol of the Devata is installed on another earthen pot adjoining the Kalasha or a gold coin can be used to represent the deity. Similarly, the Adhi-devata and Pratyadhidevata are also installed and worshipped (For more details refer to BPHS). This is followed by a Yagya (Fire sacrifice) & Abhishek (Ritual bathing with Mritunjaya Mantra). The water from the two Kalash whould be poured on the head of the parents and the child. Donations, Dakshina and breaking of fast ends the ritual.

Rudrabhishek as well as ceremonial bathing of the afflicted persons is necessary. For (1) day Ganda dosha father and child (2) Night birth Ganda dosha Mother & child and (3) Sandhya (Sunrise/ sunset) born Ganda dosha both father & mother and child are protected with Abhishek using four vessels of water etc and Sahasraksha Mantra.

People who cannot afford these elaborate rituals should recite the Mahamritunjaya Mantra eight thousand times within 40 days starting from the 12th day from the birth of the child. It maybe noted that remedial measures cannot be performed for 11 days following birth.

Besides what has already been stated, there are other methods of determining the results of gandanta. The number of the birth asterism (Janma Nakshtra) is multiplied by three (3). The numbers of birth tithi (as recknoed from Sukla Paksha prati pada) and the day of birth (as reckoned from Sunday) are added and the sum is divided by eight (8). The remainder indicates the Ganda Dosh (Error/Evil) as given in the following table... Table: Ganda Dosha RemainderGanda Type Results

Mula 1 Moola Ganda

Vinash:

Complete

destruction

of

ideals and personality/identity of the self or death.

Stanwa Ganda

Dhana Vinash: Destruction of wealth.

Matri Vinash: Destruction of mother (and 3 Twaccha Ganda maternal relation).

Atma 4 Sakha Ganda

Shakti

Vinash:

Destruction

of

physical power and mental strength.

Matula 5 Patra Ganda

Nasha:

Destruction

of

maternal

grand father (also maternal relations).

Pushpa Ganda

Bhratri Vinasha: Destruction of Co-born.

Phala Ganda

Pitri Vinasha: Destruction of Father.

Sheeshna Ganda

Sarva Vinasha: Complete destruction.

Example: Male born on 28 March 1962. Tithi: Saptami (7) Krisna Paksha (Dark fortnight) on Wednesday. Moon in Jyestha constellation. Jyestha is the 18th star counted from Aswini. Thus 18 3 = 54; Birth Ththi is 7th lunar day of dark half = 7+15 = 22; Birth day = Wednesday = 4 Sum = 54+22+4 = 80 Divided by 8, the remainder in 0/8, indicating Sheena Gandanta or complete destruction. In the horoscope, the Moon is in the ninth houses ruling father and Dharma. The native saw the complete destruction of his fathers business and status within two years of his going abroad for higher studies (ninth house).

PADA PHALA Results of birth in different quarters of the constellation causing Gandanta: ASWINI : (1) Father Suffers (2) Destruction of wealth and happiness (3) Kingly status (4)respect ASLESHA: (1) Kingdom (governor of a territory) (2) Loss of wealth (3) Loss of mother (4) Loss of Father MAGHA: (1) Mother/relatives loss (2) Loss of Father (3) Loss of happiness and wealth (4) Loss of wealth JYESTHA: (1) Lost of eldest brother (2) Loss of younger brother (3) Loss of father (4) Early death. REVATI: (1) kingly status (2) Ministerial status (3) Gain of happiness and wealth (4) Many difficulties

RIDERS Abhijit Muhurta and good yogas obtaining at birth tend to nullify the adverse effect of birth in Gandanta. Female birth in daytime and male birth at night are exempt from Ganda dosha. However, this only reduces the extent of the evil and does not terminate it. Chart 0.5 Male born on the 28th of March 1962 at 6:29AM at 22N6, 85E17

In Chart 3-5, the Moon is in 29o 41 in Scorpio in Jyestha Nakshatra (fourth Pada). This is Jyestha Gandanta and since it is a Rasi (Moon) Gandanta, there will be danger to the life. The remedial measures were performed and the Parents took the child to a Siddhapurusha Swami Mintoo Maharaja. On seeing the child the Maharaja observed a storm will blow but the child will survive and gently patted the left eye of the child. In his sixth year while going to school, the bus crashed on the mountain roads and miraculously the child survived. An iron rod had cut his left eyebrow narrowly missing his left eye and his navel was swollen considerably. Yet he survived the storm. The reasons can be seen from the exalted Venus4[27] in Vargottama in the Lagna.

Maharishi Parasara adds that if the child survives the Gandantaristha5[28], then he becomes very strong and powerful and enjoys many Rajyoga. The point is that the Gandanta are akin to Rudra (Shiva/Hanuman) and symbolizes the birth of a powerful individual. They are exceedingly brave and fearless. It is also observed that like Hanumanji, these persons either stay bachelors/

Brahmachari throughout life or marry at a very late age. Thus, suitable remedial measures will also have to be performed for marriage at a later date for them. Tulsidas the author of Ram Charita Manas was born in Moola Gandanta. He lost his mother in childbirth and his father died in a fire accident occurring within 12 days of his birth. Miraculously he survived the fire but was abandoned. He was brought up by monkeys (Hanumanji) in the outskirts of the village! He was fortunate in his Guru and his compositions like the Hanuman Chalisa are considered very auspicious.

5.7 Tithi Gandanta Tithi Gandanta: The junction between Poorna6[29] and Nanda Tithi are called Tithi Gandanta. Here the junction in defined as four Ghatika (two Ghatika in the end of Poorna Tithi and two Ghatika in the beginning of Nanda Tithi). Just like the Rasi and Lagna Gandanta occurred at the junction between two groups of signs having the four Tatwa7[30], the Tithi Gandanta occurs in the junction of the Tithi when one group of the five elements ends and another begins. Thus, the junction is always between Poorna (5, 10 & 15) Tithi and Nanda (6, 11 & 1) Tithi. These junctions are between Amavasya (K-15) and Sukla-Pratipada (S-1); Panchami and Shasti (S-5 & S-6 or K-5 & K-6); Dasami & Ekadasi (S-10 & s11 or K-10 & K-11) and Poornima and Krusna Pratipada (S-15 & K-1). The Gandanta extends for

1o (One Degree) on either side of the junction. This is not a very serious Dosha. However, the remedy lies in worshipping the Luminaries.

6. GULIKODAYA KALA: Gulika is the son of Saturn and stands for evils and misfortune. The time which it rises is inauspicious. Their rising time each day is as follows: Weekday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Day(Ghatikas after Sunrise) 26 22 18 14 10 06 02 10 06 02 26 22 18 14 Night(Ghatika after Sunset)

The above ghatikas are given with the assumption that the day and night length are 30 Ghatikas (1 hr = 2.5 Ghatika) each. However in real practice this is not so. Hence, to ascertain the real time of their rising, we must proportionally change the rising ghatika.

For example, if the day length is 28 ghatikas on a Sunday. Then the Gulikodaya kala would be 28/30*26 =24.267 ghatikas after sunrise.

7. VYATIPATA: The vyatipata falls in the following nakshatras in the corresponding solar months: Solar Months : Nakshatra

------------------------------------Aries / Libra Taurus/ Scorpio Gemini/ Sagittarius Cancer/ Capricorn Leo / Aquarius : : : Makha and Shatabhisaj : : : Sravana and Pushyami Purva-asadha and Ardra Rohini and Jyestha Bharani and Swati Revati and Swati

Virgo / Pisces

8. MRITYU AND DAGDHA YOGAS: The days coinciding with a particular nakshatra give rise to this yogas. They are as follows:

Mrityu Yoga: Association of Day and Nakshatra Sunday Monday : Magha : Vishakha

Tuesday : Ardra Wednesday: Moola Thurday : Shatabhisaj Friday : Rohini

Saturday : Purva-asadha

Dagdha Yoga: Association of Day and Tithi Sunday Monday : Dwadasi (12) : Ekadasi (11)

Tuesday : Panchami (5) Wednesday: Dwitiya (2) Thurday : Shasthi (6) Friday : Astami (8) (9)

Saturday : Navami

9. INAUSPICIOUS TARA In the Navatara chakra, the 27 Constellations are distibuted into three groups of 9 each. The each groups of nine is known as Navatara (Nava-9; Tara- star). The order repeat in the following sequence: Janma Sampat Vipat Kshema Pratyak Saadhana Naidhana Mitra Parama Mitra If the Moon is stronger than Lagna (more planets in quadrant to Moon), then the navatara chakra is stated from the Lagna nakshatra and vice versa. Excluding the 9th star, all the odd taras are inuspicious.

10. Astama Lagna: The Muhurtha Lagna should not be in the 8th from the Janma Lagna.

11. Astama Chandra: The Muhurtha Rasi should not be in the 8th from the Janma Rasi.

8[1] Amavasya: 15th day of the waning phase when the Moon is between 348o to 360o from the Sun. 9[2] Krishna-Chaturdasi: 14th day of the waning phase when the Moon is between 336o to 348o from the Sun. 10[3] Leaves of the five plants Goolar (wild fig), Vata (Banyan), Pipal, Mango & Neem. 11[4] Fire sacrifice where prescribed fuels are thrown into a small copper vessel containing the holy fire. 12[5] This particular form of Lord Shiva is most adored by the Brahmins and is popularly known as the Jyotirlinga SOMANATH.

13[6] Holy bathing with the recitation of Mantra 14[7] Nine Planets 15[8] Five elements or states of matter/energy. 16[9] Ghatak refers to days and times when bodily affliction can occur. Hence, this is studied from the Chandra (Moon) Lagna Chart i.e. treating the Moon sign as ascendant. 17[10] Day of ingress of the Sun into a sign. 18[11] Saptamrittika is the seven Rasa as given under Saptamsa in the previous chapter. 19[12] Six fundamental medicinal herbs 20[13] Moon 21[14] Jupiter 22[15] Snakes ruled by Rahu 23[16] Surya or Sun 24[17] Inter Calary Constellation occurring in Capricorn 25[18] The idol of the deity of the birth constellation can also be made of the wood of Pipal tree. Alternatively, the idol of Sri Jagannath (Sri Krishna as Lord and teacher of the Universe) can be used for all constellations for removing any form of blemish on the Moon, its sign or

constellation. These idols are always made of wood and nails are not used. The arms are made with dovetail joints and the wood is of the Neem tree. The carpenter is required to recite the Bhagavat Gita at the time of preparation of the idol. 26[19] This is the Vedic Mantra of the Sun and has been provided in Chapter V. 27[20] This is the Vedic Mantra of the Moon and has been provided in Chapter V. 28[21] This is the Vedic Mantra of the Rahu and has been provided in Chapter V. 29[22] A token of gratitude in the form of alms, clothes, rice etc. Some people offer cows. 30[23] Pitri- Father or father related 31[24] Matri- Mother or mother related 32[25] Swa- Self or self afflicting

33[26] Maharshi Gargi has a divergent view on the allocation of months for the loka. He gives Vaisakh, Sravana, Kartika & Magha for Swarga Loka; Ashada, Pausa, Margasira, Jyestha for Martya loka and Aswina, Chaitra, Phalguna and Bhadra for Patala loka residence of Moola. 34[27] Venus rules the Mritunjaya mantra and has the power to give a second life. As the 8th Lord, it showed the danger from vehicle (Venus) accident as it is also placed in the third from the Arudha Lagna in Capricorn. In the natural order of the planets as per weekdays starting from the Sun, Venus rules the sixth year. 35[28] Evil of death due to Gandanta Dosha 36[29] Nanda Tithi are 1, 6 & 11 while Poorna Tithi are 5, 10 &15 in both fortnights 37[30] Basic elements of Agni (Energy/Light), Prithvi (Solid/Earth), Vayu (Gas/Air) and Jala

(Liquid/Water)