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  • Structures 500.101 Materials and Defying Gravity

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    This document covers key concepts in structures and structural engineering. It provides examples of notable structures from history ranging from the Great Pyramid in Egypt to modern skyscrapers. Engineering mistakes on structures are briefly mentioned. Different materials used in construction are outlined, including glass, brick, wood, cast iron, stone, and steel. Fundamental structural concepts such as compression, tension, and bending are defined. Specific structural elements like arches, trusses, domes, and tensegrity structures are examined. Recommended references on the topic of structures are listed at the end.

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    This document covers key concepts in structures and structural engineering. It provides examples of notable structures from history ranging from the Great Pyramid in Egypt to modern skyscrapers. Engineering mistakes on structures are briefly mentioned. Different materials used in construction are outlined, including glass, brick, wood, cast iron, stone, and steel. Fundamental structural concepts such as compression, tension, and bending are defined. Specific structural elements like arches, trusses, domes, and tensegrity structures are examined. Recommended references on the topic of structures are listed at the end.

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    12 views27 pages

    Structures 500.101 Materials and Defying Gravity

    Uploaded by

    pavi32
    This document covers key concepts in structures and structural engineering. It provides examples of notable structures from history ranging from the Great Pyramid in Egypt to modern skyscrapers. Engineering mistakes on structures are briefly mentioned. Different materials used in construction are outlined, including glass, brick, wood, cast iron, stone, and steel. Fundamental structural concepts such as compression, tension, and bending are defined. Specific structural elements like arches, trusses, domes, and tensegrity structures are examined. Recommended references on the topic of structures are listed at the end.

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    of 27

    Structures 500.

    101

    Materials, structures, and defying gravity

    Structures 500.101

    Millau viaduct, France (2005)


    Cable-stayed design, 2.5 Km long, 340m high

    Structures 500.101

    A brief history of structures


    Great pyramid, Egypt (2560BC) Height: 139m

    Lincoln cathedral, England (1300) Height: 160m

    Structures 500.101

    A brief history of structures (cont.)

    Eiffel tower, France (1889) Height: 384m

    Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur (1998) Height: 452m

    Structures 500.101

    Some engineering mistakes

    Shanghai-2009

    Structures 500.101

    Engineering mistakes (cont.)

    Montparnasse, Paris 1895 (different kind of engineering)

    Structures 500.101

    Materials

    Glass: Crystal Cathedral, California

    Brick: Vilnius Cathedral

    Structures 500.101

    Materials (cont.)

    Wood: Borgund, Norway (about 1180)

    Cast iron: Arica, Chile

    Structures 500.101

    Materials (cont.)

    Stone: Notre Dame, Paris

    Steel: All-steel Basilica San Sebastian, Philippines. (2nd steel structure after the Eiffel Tower

    Structures 500.101

    More materials--spaghetti?

    Structures 500.101

    Compression? Tension? Bending?

    Structures 500.101

    Compression? Tension?

    Structures 500.101

    Structure in stone-- Compression? Tension?

    The Parthenon, Greece (447BC)

    Stonehenge, England (~1400BC)

    Structures 500.101

    Compression? Tension?

    Roman arch--Pont du Gard, France (100AD)

    Structures 500.101

    Arches--all in compression

    Structures 500.101

    Thicker is better in bending and compression

    No

    Yes

    No

    Yes

    Yes

    Structures 500.101

    A long thin piece will bend

    but short thin pieces can be connected together to form a long thick truss (very strong)

    Structures 500.101

    Trusses within trusses within trusses

    Structures 500.101

    Structures 500.101

    Structures 500.101

    Structures 500.101

    Structures 500.101

    Form-resistant structures:

    cylinders, domes, saddles

    Pavilion, Mexico City (concrete roof 1.6cm thick) Pantheon, Rome (126AD) Outdoor market, Morocco (glass)

    Structures 500.101

    Form-resistant structures:

    folded plates

    Structures 500.101

    Tensegrity

    Structures 500.101

    Structures 500.101

    Readable references
    Gordon, J. E., Structures, Da Capo Press, 2003

    Levy, Matthys, and M. Salvadori, Why Buildings Fall Down, W.W. Norton & Co., 1992

    Salvadori, Mario, Why Buildings Stand Up, W.W. Norton & Co., 1990

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