Chapter 4 Mathematical Reasoning

4.1 Statements

Statement
A statement gives the answer which is either true or

false, but not both Eg: (a) 8>3 (true)

(b) 8 is perfect square (false) Sentences which consists of questions, command instructions and exclamations are not statements. E.g : (a) Please stand up! (d) 814 (b) How are you? (e) 4x2 + 3 (c) Help! (f) 9 2x = 17

 Eg Which of the following are statement?

a)

b)
c) d)

e)
f) g)

Ali is a boy 10 5 = 50 y + 5 = 11 (-7)2 = 14 Zero is greater than six (p2 q2) (p-q)2 {0}=

Determine whether a given statement is true or false

A statement is either true or false and cannot be both Eg: determine whether the following statement is true or false

a)
b) c)

d)
e)

f)
g) h)

5x6+2=32 2(1+x) = 2+2x (-1)4 = -1 (x2)3 = x5 40 is a perfect square The solution of x+1=0 is x = - 1 -2+3 < -3 +2 4k2 -1 = (2k+1)(2k-1)

 Statemnet can written in 3 ways

Statement consisiting of words only. eg : twelve plus seven is equal to nineteen b) Statement consisting of numbers and words. eg: 12 plus 7 is equal to 19 c) Statement consisiting of numbers and mathematical symbols. eg: 12+7=19
a)

Constructing true or false statement using given number and mathematical symbols
Eg : Construct two true statement and two false statement

Numbers : 15, 29 mathematical symbols : <,> TRUE STATEMENT FALSE STATEMENT b) Numbers : 4,5,15,60,300 mathematical symbols : , = TRUE STATEMENT FALSE STATEMENT
a)

 Eg: construct a true statement and a false statement using all

the informations. a) Numbers : 3, 7, 20 mathematical symbols : >, X TRUE STATEMENT FALSE STATEMENT b) Numbers : 1, 5, 16 mathematical symbols , =, + TRUE STATEMENT FALSE STATEMENT b) Numbers : 36, 4, 12 mathematical symbols : <, TRUE STATEMENT FALSE STATEMENT