Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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34
. . seed. . . . . .
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/.
()
-1
-2
-3
( ) -4
Plain Concrete
Reinforced Concrete
Prestressed Concrete
Precast Concrete
-5
-6
-7
-8
( ) -9
-10
-11
-12
Shotcrete
Light-Weight Concrete
Heavy-Weight Concrete
Mass Concrete
-13
-14
-15
-16
-17
Prepacked Concrete
Gap Concrete
Architectural Concrete
Nailing Concrete
Sulfur Concrete
Plain Concrete
_____________________________
.
/ .
.
Reinforced Concrete
___________________________________
.
.
Equilibrium Compatibility
.
. ) (-
.
a/2
0.67 fc
c = 0.003
t d
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Prestressed Concrete
__________________________________
)(
.
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Tendons Wires
Strands .Bars
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Pre-tension
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Post-tension
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.
w t/m
E
L
L
fc1 + fc2
? = L
fc2
fc1
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= 1
fc3 - ft1
= 1
fc3
ft 1
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Anchor
Cables
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_____________________________________
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____________________________________________
/ /
)/ (
Superplasticizers
)
( . Silica fume
.
.
: 1-5-3
-
. )
( %
.
-
.
- .
/ : )
( .
.
- Silica fume
.
.% %
.
- Superplasticizers
.
.
2-5-3
Classical Applications
.
:
*
*
*
) (-
. "
" Non-Classical Applications :
*
*
*
*
*
Arch Girder
Improving Stiffness
Screwing Piles
Nuclear Power Plants
Pavements
:
High Strength Concrete
High Performance Concrete
.
.
.
.
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Arch Girder
) (- .
3-5-3
.
.
.
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-
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% %
/ / / ) -
.(-
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72%
45%
60
Reduction
61
55
80
72
60
54
37
40
100
40
28
20
20
0
1000
500
750
250
- /
) (- .
100 100
100
80
.
/
/ .%
fc1 =250 -- kg/cm2
fc1
fc1
30x130 --- 14 19
Cross-Section Area = 100%
*********
fc2 =500 -- kg/cm2
fc2>fc1
fc1
30x70 --- 10 16
Cross-Section Area = 54%
*********
fc3 =750 -- kg/cm2
fc3>fc2
fc1
30x48 --- 8 16
Cross-Section Area = 37%
*********
fc4>fc3
fc1
30x36 --- 6 16
Cross-Section Area = 28%
) (- .
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.%
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%
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3.82
3.06
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2.29
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1.53
1
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fc1
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0.78
0.8
0.64
0.55
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5
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Deflection .Deformation
- Durability .
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.
- - -
Strength / unit Cost Strength / unit volume - Strength / unit
weight
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Brittleness
.
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Fiber Concrete
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Toughness .
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Toughness
Deflection
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Self-Compacting Concrete
________________________________
: 1-7-3
Deformability Stability
Filling Capacity
.
) (
.
.
.
.
.
.
: 2-7-3
High Deformability :
:
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.
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Good Stability :
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.
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Blockage
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---
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: 3-7-3
- .
- .
- .
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-
.
- .
- .
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: TMWMS
:
Slump Flow -1
.
.
.
V-Funnel Test -2
. ) (-
.
Filling Capacity -3
.
) (-
.%
Surface Settlement -4
.
.
.
/.
515 mm
75
450 mm
2
1
Outlet
gate
225
65
150
225
) (-
V-Funnel Test
Placement
250
35 16 mm
650
300 mm
250
h
7x50=350
150
500 mm
) (-
- )
( Shotcrete
________________________________________
) (
. Repair
Tunnels
.
. .
.
. )
(
. .
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.
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Accelerators
.
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Polymer-Concrete
__________________________
.
.
% Polyester
Epoxy -
:
-
.
.
/
/
:
Plastic Concrete
)(PC
-
)(PCC
Polymer Cement Concrete
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Radiation Thermal method
:
Methyl methacrylate
Styrene
Chlorostyrene
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Lightweight Concrete
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Own weight .
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*******