Physical Science Chapter 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

element molecule atom electrons nucleus proton neutron atomic number isotopes

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds the basic particle from which all elements are made negatively charged particles that that moves rapidly in a cloud-like region around the nucleus the very small, dense center of an atom positively charged particles of an atom a particle of an atom with no charge number of protons in the nucleus of an atom atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Physical Science Chapter 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

mass number mass number model period atomic mass chemical symbol periodic table group metals

sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom an object that helps explain ideas about the natural world An elements row in the periodic table the average mass of all isotopes of that element an abbreviation for the name of an element and usually has either one or two letters an arrangement of elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties. An elements column on the periodic table elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat

Physical Science Chapter 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

luster malleable ductile thermal conductivity electrical conductivity reactivity corrosion alkali metals alkaline earth metals

shiny and reflective a property of a material that can be hammered into think sheets and other shapes property of a material can be drawn into a wire ability to transmit heat to other objects ability to transmit electricity to other objects the ease and speed with which an element combines with other substances the reaction of a metal with oxygen to form rust The metals of Group 1 The metals of Group 2

Physical Science Chapter 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

nonmetals diatomic molecule semiconductor noble gases metalloids halogens radioactive dating nuclear reactions radioactivity

element that lacks most of the properties of a metal molecule made up of 2 atoms a substance that carries electricity under certain circumstances, but not under other circumstances a family of unreactive elements, Group 18 a type of element that has some of the properties of metals and some of the properties of nonmetals family of very reactive elements, Group 17 a process used to determine the radioactive isotopes found in rocks and fossils to calculate the ages of the rocks and fossils this involves the particles found in the nucleus of an atom; it changes one element into another element. the spontaneous emission of radiation by an unstable atomic nucleus

Physical Science Chapter 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

alpha particle beta particle gamma rays half-life radioactive dating tracers

this particle consists of two protons and two neutrons and is positively charged a fast-moving electron given off by a nucleus during radioactive decay consists of high-energy waves and always accompanies alpha and beta decay half of the radioactive atoms in a sample of sodium-24 will decay in 15 hours; 15 hours is the ___________ of sodium-24 process in which scientists use the amount of radioactive isotopes found in rocks and fossils to calculate the ages of the rocks and fossils can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or an industrial process in order to diagnose problems