.

.




)( .


:
f C = 20 N / mm 2 f y = 420 N / mm 2 f yp = 240 N / mm 2 3 kg / cm 2 - m KN / m

.3 KN/m2 a = a = 5cm .

--- :

L 3750
=
= 187.5 m
20
20

= ht

5-5
4200
=4
18

.26 cm

= ht

. t f
1
S
min t f = max 10
t f = 6 cm
50 mm

b w = 150 mm
1
h = 87 m
= max 3 t
100 m

.S = 500 m

:
`5 6 / m
6 /
O6/
/
`5O6/m
/

0,15

0,35

0,15

0,18

0,32

0,18

b w min

R 1
:

3,75

3,2

3,45

: -

g 1 = t f * = 0.06 5 = 1.5 kN / m 2

g2 =

(b1 + b 2 )

]
: -

(h t

tf )

2
0.15 + 0.18
(0.26 0.06) 25 = 1.65 kN / m 2
=
2
0.5

]
: -

g3 =

0.1 5
= 1 kN / m 2
0.5

]
: -

g 4 = 2.5 kN / m 2

g u = 1.5 (g 1 + g 2 + g 3 + g 4 ) = 9.975 kN / m 2

:
g u 0.5 = 4.98 5 kN / m`

P = 3 kN / m 2

Pu = 3 1.8 0.5 = 2.7 kN / m`

MS = M

R.B
8

T
. S
b1 + b 2
=
2

b w =

500cm
60cm

150 + 180
= 165 m
2

ht=260cm

200cm

165cm

T
d = 230 A S min = 0.9
S max = 0.5

b w .d
= 0.81 cm 2
fy

f
455
. C = 0.014
630 + f y f y

A S max = S max .d.b w = 5.27 cm 2

t cu = t u = 0.23 f C = 1.03 N / mm 2
t max = 0.65 f C = 2.9 N / m`

Vu = 24.1 N / mm 2
tu =
=

Q 10 3
0.85 b w .d

24.1 10 3
= 0.75 N / m`
0.85 165 230

t u < t cu
n as =

0.35
.b w .S
fy

6
S=

2 62
240

= 23.5
4
0.35 165
d = 23 cm
30 cm

S max
6 / 200 m

b w = 25 cm H = 50 cm

5-5

2.93

3.183

3.18

2.93

260

1000

g 1 = (h t t f ) ( + ) B
0.825 + 0.5
= (0.26 0.06) 25
1 = 2.35 [kN / m`]
0.5

g 2 = 0.85 3.24 0.1 18 = 4.96 kN / m`

:
R 1

g3 =

R g1
0.5

29.9
= 59.8 [kN / m`]
0.5

:
g4 =

R g2
0.5

= 78.22 [kN / m`]

:
g5 =

R g4
0.5

= 64.2 [kN / m`]

P1 =

R P1
= 40.84 [kN / m`]
0.5

P2 =

R P2
= 49.8 [kN / m`]
0.5

P3 =

R P4
= 41.6 [kN / m`]
0.5

A S min = 0.9

b w .d 0.9 1000 230

=
= 492.85 cm 2
fy
420

260

1000

:
A S max = 0.5 A Sb y max = 0.5 y b
A max = 0.5

455
20

100 26 = 26.826
630 + 420 420

A S max = 26.825 cm 2

tu =

= 1.83 N / m`
0.85 1000 230

t u max = 0.65 f C = 2.91 N / m`

t cu = 0.23 f C = 1.03 N / m`

t st = u t ou = 1.83 0.72 = 1.4
t st .S.b w = n.a S .f y
n=6

8 S =

6 82 240
= 101.88 m
4 1000 1.11

300
S max = = 230
d
8 / 20 cm

2-2

2,7

3,25

:
0.825 + 0.5
0.8 = 1.88 kN / m`
0.5

( = 0.26 0.06) 0.8 25

= 0.85 3.24 0.1 18 = 4.96 kN / m`

=
=

30.57
= 61.14 kN / m`
0.5

52.5
= 105.4 [kN / m`]
0.5

20.57
= 41.14 [kN / m`]
0.5

29.9
= 59.8 [kN / m`]
0.5

) (
r :
m1 .L1
m 2 .L 2

=r

:
: m 2 , m1 0.87
0.76
: L1 : L 2
r .2
:

m1 .L1 3.75
=
= 1.2
m 2 .L 2
3.1

m .L
3.2
= 1.16 2
= r= 1 1
m 2 .L 2 2.75

m .L
4.2
= 1.22
= r= 1 1
m 2 .L 2 3.45

= r1

)4.20 + 3.45 + 0.76 (4.20 + 3.45
= 9.62 cm
140

140

=t

)3.60 + 0.76 (420 2 + 360

= 9.1 cm
140

=t

)375 + 310 + 0.76 (375 + 310

= 8.61 cm
140

=t

)320 + 375 + 0.76 (375 + 320

= 8.74 cm
140

=t

L2

L1

6.14

3.14

0.45

0.23

1.2

310

375

S1

1.64

0.66

0.12

1.6

275

375

S2

6.14

3.14

0.45

0.23

1.2

320

375

S3

5.7

3.55

0.42

0.26

1.14

320

320

S4

6.7

3.79

0.44

0.26

1.16

275

320

S5

3.68

5.46

0.27

0.40

0.90

310

320

S6

7.23

2.46

0.53

0.18

1.31

360

420

S7

6.7

3.4

0.44

0.25

1.16

310

360

S8

5.46

3.69

0.40

0.27

1.12

320

360

S9

6.28

0.46

0.22

1.22

345

420

S10

6.7

2.73

0.49

0.2

1.27

310

345

S11

6.4

0.47

0.22

1.23

320

345

S12

g 1 = 0.12 25 = 3 kN / m 2

g = 2.5 kN / m 2

g u = 1.5 (g 1 + g 2 ) = 1.5 (3 + 2.5) = 8.25 kN / m 2

Pu = 3 1.8 = 5.4 kN / m 2

Pu = 8.25 + 5.4 = 13.65 kN / m 2

:
w 1 = 1 .w

w 2 = 2 .w

2 ,1 ) (-
d 1 , d 2
.

6.14

6.14

2,75

3,1
8.76

8.536

4.455

7.9

5T10

4T10
5T10

5 T 10

7.389

5T10
5T10

4T10
5T10

2-2

2,75

3,2

ht

bw`

L L
ht =
10 12
h t = 500 mm
b w = 250 mm

:
g 1 = 1.5 b w .h t .
g 1 = 1.5 0.25 25 (0.5 0.12 ) = 3.56 kN / m`

B = 2.3 kN / m` 10 m

H = H S L = 3500 500 = 300

L = 3200
L
3200
=
= 0.93 < 1
1.15 H 1.15 3000

g m = . 0.87 L
2
2.3 0.87 3.2 = 4.27
3

g 5 = 0.5 2.3 0.87 3.2 = 3.2

0.87L
60

60

L2 2
2.75
= 8.25
= 2.75
2
3
2

(g n )m = .g n .

L2
2.75
= 0.5 8.25
`= 5.42 kN / m
2
2

(g n )S = B.g n

q L2
2

2 ,7 5

3 ,2

2.75
= 4.95
2
2.75
= 3.11 kN
2

(Pn )m = 5.4
2
3

(Pn )S = 0.5 5.4

t cu = t u = 0.23 f C = 0.23 20 = 1.03 N / mm 2

Q
Q = 1.03 0.85 250 460 10 3 = 100.68
0.85 b w .d

= tu

Q = 100.68 kN
8 / 20 cm

16 m
14.80 m
.

g 1 = 0.12 25 = 3 kN m 2

g = 2.5 kN m`

g u = 1.5 (g 1 + g 2 ) = 1.5 (3 + 2.5) = 8.25 kN m`

Pu = 3 1.8 = 5.4 kN m`

Pu = 8.25 + 5.4 = 13.85

9.89

48.7

49.7

1.2

6.02
11.5
5.9

= 8.25 6.02 = 49.605 kN :

9.89 kN
48.7

:

48.7
`= 8.26 kN m
5.9

= gu

= 2.7 6.02 = 16.25 kN
:
16.254 cos 11.5 = 15.93 kN :
16.254 sin 11.5 = 3.3 kN :

:
15.93
`= 2.7 kN m
5.9

= Pu

0.23

0.45

3.14

6.14

0.66

1.64

3.14

6.14
5.7

L1

L2

S1

375

310

1.2

S2

375

275

1.6

0.12

S3

375

320

1.2

0.23

0.45

S4

320

320

1.14

0.26

0.42

3.55

S5

320

275

1.16

0.26

0.44

3.79

6.7

S6

320

310

0.90

0.40

0.27

5.46

3.68

S7

420

360

1.31

0.18

0.53

2.46

7.23

S8

360

310

1.16

0.25

0.44

3.4

6.7

S9

360

320

1.12

0.27

0.40

3.69

5.46

S10

420

345

1.22

0.22

0.46

6.28

S11

345

310

1.27

0.2

0.49

2.73

6.7

S12

345

320

1.23

0.22

0.47

6.4

:
W1 = a 1 W :

W2 = a 2 W :

a 1 a 2 ) (7-8
a 1 a 2
.

. 5 T 10 m :

120

1000

. 1-1

h = 500 m
L L
ht = t
10 12 b W = 250 m

g 1 = 0.25 0.5 25 1.5 = 4169 kN m`

B = 3 kN m` 150 m :

( g n )n = 3 0.87 3.1 = 5.39

2
3

( g n )S = 0.5 3 0.87 3.1 = 4.05

( g u )n = 8.25
2
3

3.1
= 8.52 kn m`
2

( g u )S = 0.5 8.25

3.1
= 6.39 kN m`
2

(Pn )n

2
3.1
2.7
= 2.79 kN m`
3
2

(Pn )S = 0.5 2.7 3.1 = 2.1 kN

2

m`

38 25
+ .

0.9
= b d
y

= MS

0.9
380 250 = 203.6 m m
420

= MS

-- ):(9-5
455
bd
630 + y

= ASb

455
20
380 250 = 26.4 cm 2
360 + 420 420

:
) N u = K e (1.5 G + 1.8 P

:
: K e
)-( ) ( .

1.1

1.3

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.1

1.2

N u = . f C .A C + f y .A S

:
: 0.8
: 0.7

) (0.01-0.025 ) (0.015 :

Nu
A C =

0.8 0.7 (0.85 f C + f y .u )

) .( C 4 , C 3 , C 2 , C1

:
L0
40

= 11.55
h
12
3.2
= 10.66 11.55
0.3

C 1

ton

)h (cm) b (cm

cm2

AS

143.42

55

25

13.28

12 T 12

135.1

55

25

12.21

12 T 12

101.3

50

25

8.62

8 T 12

67.5

50

25

6.3

6 T 12

33.7

45

25

5.6

6 T 12

C2

ton

)h (cm) b (cm

cm2

AS

76

40

25

7.05

6 T 14

57.4

40

25

5.8

6 T 12

55.6

30

25

5.6

6 T 12

37.1

35

25

4.06

6 T 12

18.5

35

25

3.75

6 T 12

C3

ton

)h (cm) b (cm

cm2

AS

204.1

60

25

26

12 T 16

177.6

55

25

19.82

10 T 16

133.2

50

25

6.03

6 T 12

88.8

50

25

6.25

6 T 12

44.5

45

25

5.63

6 T 12

Cn 25 80 8 14 10 T 12

+ 0.25 = W
W = 4000 kN

W = 20000 kN

V


V = [Z.I.K.C.S].W

:
:Z
:I
:K
:C /
:S
Z.I.K.C.S =

)(4

0.4

1.3

1.2

)(1-3

1.0

I
C
S

C
/
1
15 T

=C

:
:T
T :
. . :
0.09 h n
D

=T

:
: h n ) (h
:D
OK

D = 14.50 T = 0.41 > 0.3

D = 20.8 T = 0345
1
=C
= 0.104
15 0.41

= 0.11

1
15 0.345

=C

V = Z.I.K.C.S

= 0.4 1.2 1.3 1.5 0.11 20000 = 2059.2 kN

V = 0.4 1.2 1.3 1.5 0.104 20000

= 1946.88 kN

XR =

K .x
K
jy

jk

j=1

:
Y J : X j
X J : Yj
Y
XJ
Ky

YR =

K
j=1

jx

.y j
J

K
j=1

C.g

jx

CR

Vy
ex=1.04

e y = Ye = 0.079

e x = X R = 0

e y = YR (min ) = 0.05 L1 = 0.725

C.g

e x = X R (min ) = 0.05 L 2 = 1.04

Fyj =

K jy

Vy +

K
j=1

jy

(K

K jy .x j

j=1

CR

jy

2
j

.MT

.x + K jx .y j

ey=0.725

Vx
X

V = Ft + Fi

Fn

F6

i=n

i =1

Fn-1

T < 0.7 Ft = 0
V Ft = V
Fi =

(V Ft ).w i .h i
n

w .h
i =1

i=1

F1
i

:
i : w i
.
. i : h i

wi

hx

w x .h x

fi

4000 3.5

1400

137.28

4000

2800

274.65

4000 10.5 4200

400.84

4000

5000

500.12

4000 17.5

700

637.4

7
14

wi

hx

w x .h x

fi

4000 3.5

1400

129.79

4000

2800

259.58

4000 10.5 4200

380.37

4000

5600

510.16

4000 17.5 7000

600.96

7
14

21000 =

XJ
Y

Ky

Vx

C.g

J
C.g

CR

CR

ey=0.725

Vy
ex=1.04

Fjx =

K jx

Vx +

K
j=1

jx

(K

K jx .y j

j=1

jy

2
j

.x + K jx .y j

MT

Fyj =

K jy

Vy +

K
j=1

jy

(K

K jy .x j

j=1

jy

2
j

.x + K jx .y j

MT

Vy e x : e x = 1.04
Fxj
Vx

K jx

1 +

K
j=1

jx

(K

K jx .y j

j=1

jy

2
j

.x + K jx .y j

ex

Fyj
Vy

K jy

1 +

K
j=1

jy

(K

K jy .x j

j=1

jy

2
j

.x + K jx .y j

ex

NDL

2
NLL

MS

197.88 46.3 231.4 334.2 86.8

186

395.66 92.6 725.5 668.46 173.6 669.67 688.54 186

449.6

593.64 138.9 1326.1 1002.6 260.4 435.7 1032.8 279

116.9

791.52 185.2 2037

179.4

989.4 231.5 2781.7 1671

NLL

MS

NDL

NDL

NLL

344.27 93

224.8

336.8 347.2 670.87 1377.1 372

434 915.37 1721.4 462

MS

2450.3

NDL

NLL

MS

NDL

NLL

MS

NDL

NLL

MS

184.2

41.67

213.85

184.2

43.67

175.7

304.47

71.6

321.56

368.4

83.34

270.39

368.4

87.34

222.6

608.94

143.2

915.5

552

125.01

501.39

552

131.61 420.62

913.41

214.8 1711.3

736

166.7

773.17

736

174.68

1217.88 286.4 2645.6

`920

208.32 1065.34

920

218.35 901.05 1522.35

655.5

358

3649.2

(1)

(2)

(3)

0.8 (1.5 C + 1.8 P + 1.8 1.1 M S )

0.8 (1.56 + 1.8 P + 1.8 1.1 N S )

0.8 (1.56 + 1.8 P + 1.8 1.1N S )

Nu

Mu

Nu

Mu

Nu

Mu

195.344

458.08

336.8

330

513.41

404.7

390.61

1305.92

673.8

665.4

1028.82

809.4

586.03

2387

1010.78

784.28

1540.22

2104.2

781.38

3666.6

1347.52

1207.56

2053.6

3230.13

976.72

5007.12

1684.4

1647.66

2567.04

4410.7

(4)

(5)

(6)

0.8 (1.5 C + 1.8 P + 1.8 1.1 M S )

0.8 (1.56 + 1.8 P + 1.8 1.1 M S )

0.8 (1.56 + 1.8 P + 1.8 1.1M S )

Nu

Mu

Nu

Mu

Nu

Mu

252.32

213.8

255.92

316.3

303.84

578.8

504.66

486.7

511.84

400.68

607.68

1647.94

756.96

902.5

767.76

757.12

911.52

3080.3

1009.3

1391.7

1623.68

1179.92

1215.36

4762.1

1261.5

1917.61

1279.6

1621.9

1519.2

5658.60

b (cm)

L (cm)

5 T 12/m`

12 T 18

976.8

5007.12

25

415

W1

5 T 12/m`

12 T 18

1620

1647.66

25

295

W2

5 T 12/m`

12 T 18

2567.04

4410.7

25

395

W3

5 T 12/m`

12 T 18

1261.6

1917.61

25

330

W4

5 T 12/m`

12 T 18

1279.6

1621.9

25

330

W5

5 T 12/m`

12 T 18

1519.2

6568.6

25

510

W6

b (cm)

L (cm)

5 T 10 /m`

12 T 16

390.61

1305.92

25

415

W1

5 T 10 /m`

12 T 16

673.8

665.4

25

295

W2

5 T 10 /m`

12 T 16

1026.82

809.4

25

395

W3

5 T 10 /m`

12 T 16

504.6

486.7

25

330

W4

5 T 10 /m`

12 T 16

511.84

400.68

25

330

W5

5 T 10 /m`

12 T 16

607.68

1647.94

25

510

W6

[3.18] m
15.9 [cm]

b s = 30 [cm]

0.63
t=

3m

3630
= 181.5 145.2 mm t = 15 cm
20 25

g1 =

25 t
25 0.15 1 1
=
= 4.24 kN / m 2

cos
cos 27.9

g2 =

hS
0.159
=
25 = 1.98
2
2

g 3 = 25 0.15 = 3.75 kN / m 2

g4 =

1.5 1.5
=
= 1.5 kN / m 2
b
1

g 5 = 2.5

P = 4 kN / m 2
Pu = 1.8 4 = 7.2 kN / m 2

g u1 = 1.5 (4.24 + 1.98 + 2.5 + 1.5) = 15.33 kN / m 2

g u 2 = 1.5 (2.5 + 3.75) + 1.8 4 = 16.575 kN / m 2

7.2
9.375

15.3

0.63

3m
21.82

10.29

5 12 / m` 10 12 / m`

0.15 25 0.63 = 2.36 kN / m`

2.5 0.63 = 1.56 kN / m`

4 0.63 = 2.52 kN / m`

30.08 [kN / m`]

15.85 [kN / m`]

5 6 .3 5

2 .5

1.5 (2.36 + 1.56) + 1.8 (2.52 ) + 30.08 + 15.85 = 56.346 kN
6 16 :

1.53

0.63

3m

h S = 15.9 [cm]
b S = 30 cm

:
t=

5160
= 258 206.4 t = 200 mm
20 25

g1 =

t
0.2
.l.l. =
1 1 25 = 5.66 kN / m`
cos
0.884

g2 =

hS
0.159
. =
25 = 1.98 kN / m 2
2
2

g3 =

1.5 1.5
=
= 1.5 kN / m 2
b
1

g 4 = 2.5 kN / m 2
g u = 17.46 kN / m`

P = 4 kN / m 2 Pu = 4 1.8 = 7.2 kN / m 2

g 1 = t. = 0.20 25 = 5 kN / m 2

g 2 = 2.5 kN / m 2

g u = 11.25 kN / m 2

P = 4 kN / m 2

Pu = 4 1.8 = 7.2 kN / m 2

b = 1m

d = 0.18
512 6 12

0.63

1.6

3m

5X16

16X 6

= 20 kN / m 2
= 25
C = 0.3 Kg / cm 2

. 1 m
: K i
K i = 1 sin = 1 sin (25) = 0.6

t = 20 cm

G 1 = 0.2 4.68 25 = 36 kN / m`

G 2 = 23.4 kN / m`

G 3 = 40 kN / m 2

Q = a S .H.K i
40

= 20 4.68 0.6 = 55.6

36kN/m

M (max ) =

Q.H 2
= 85.52 kN.m / m`
15

M (+max ) =

Q.H 2
= 38.1 kN.m / m`
33.6

M = 12.4 kN.m / m`
M + = 33.3 kN.m / m`

M (+max )
G 1 = 0.2 1.9 25 = 14.25 kN / m`
N = 14.25 + 23.4 = 37.65

e=

M
= 0.9 > 0.3 t = 0.09 ()
N

eS = e +

t
a =1
2

M O = 37.65 0.99 = 37.63 kN.m / m`

C=T=
AS =

Mo
37.63 10 3
=
= 100.12 kN / m`
0.85 d 0.85 270

T
= 709.1 mm 2 > A S min = 6 cm 2
0.55 f y

8 T14 / m`

M (max )
M = 12.4 kN.m / m`
N = 59.43 kN / m`


e=

M
= 0.21 > 0.3 t = 0.09 m ()
N

e S = 21 +

30
3.5 = 32.4 kN / m`
2

M o = 59.43 0.324 = 19.23

C=T=

19.23 10 3
= 83.8 kN / m`
0.85 270

T
83.8 10 3
AS =
=
= 363.53 > A S m`
0.55.f y 0.55 420
A S = 8 T12 / m`

q = 128 t
: 2.5 Kg / cm 2 1.5 m
A=

Pt 128
=
= 5.15 m 2
qa
25

L
= 1.5 >>> = 1.8 m, L = 2.7 m

V=

0.65 1.8 128

= 30.8 ton
1.8 2.7

M=

30.8 0.05
= 10 ton
2

d
M
10 10 5
d = C
= 0.264
= 37 cm d = 40 cm

30 + 20

10
= 27.8 ton
0.9 0.4

C=

FC =

2C
2 27.8 128
=
= 19.3 Kg / cm 2 < 80 Kg / cm 2
k.d. 0.4 180 0.4

d = 40 cm

V=
d=

0.315 128
= 8.3 ton
1.8 2.7

3.8 10 3
= 10.5 cm < 40 cm
110 0.9 8

AS =

M
10 10 5
=
= 13.8 cm 2 10 T 14
j * d * f S 0.9 2000 40

V=

0.5 2.7 128

= 35.5 ton
1.8 2.7

M=

35.5 0.5
= 8.8 ton
2

AS =

8.8 10 3
= 10.9 cm 2 8 T 14
0.9 2000 40

L = 2.7 m B = 1. m

h = 45 cm d = 40 cm
15 cm
A S = 10 T 14
A S = 8 T 14