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Devoted to my mother,
Tursunay-adzhim Kenzhieva
When my mother was 25 years old, without a husband, with the threeyear firstborn and one and a half months baby in her arms, with her
mother and a brother- teenager, in a cold morning on April 9th, 1963, she
was forced to leave her beloved homeland, saving us...
Her stories about the relatives and the close ones, about the home town of
Kuldzha, where we were born, became the starting point of my thoughts
about my people, about their tragic fate, making me not only reflect upon
this, but also to take up the pen.
Will I be able to justify her dreams?
Will I be able to thank her for love, patience and faith in me?
Will I be able to become a worthy son of my people, whom she wanted to
see me?
My answer is, I will try my best, Mother!
This is my first book, my manifesto of life, and I dedicate it to you, Mother!

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CONTENTS

THE UYGHUR PEOPLE

NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
PRIORITIES

THE YOUTH AND FUTURE

OF THE UYGHUR NATION

18

THE UYGHURS SOCIETY

OF KYRGYZSTAN ITTIPAK
TO hold ITS III KURULTAI

22

Ittipak on the eve

of a new stage

30

ECONOMY OF OPENING UP
land EXPANSION
AND ECOLOGY OF ETHNICITIES

44

THREE PERSPECTIVES
ON UYGHUR PROBLEMS

52

ABOUT THE PRESENT SITUATION

59

THE UYGHURS
NEED TO BUILD SOCIETY

65

THE GREAT WAY OF THE UYGHURS

70

84

97

III

102

111

126

134

142

149

154

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

Dear reader!

CONTENTS
UYGHUR XELQI
MILLIY TEREQQIYATNING
ENG MUHIM MESILILIRI

168

YASHLAR WE UYGHUR
XELQINING KLECHIGI

181

Ittipaq yengi dewr

basquch aldida

186

UYGHUR MU'EMMALIRIGHA
CH KZ-QARASH

200

BGNKI WEZIYET HEQQIDE

207

IQTISADIY ZLESHTRSH
WE MILLIY KOLOGIYE

215

UYGHURLARNING BYK YOLI

224

It has been almost five years, since a small Edition, just 500 copies,
of my first book in the form of reports, interviews and articles under the title I am Uighur was published. The decision to publish
the book in that memorable year of 2009 was connected to the fact
that the next World Congress of the Uyghurs was scheduled to be
held in Washington, in the United States of America. As a man,
whose whole life was connected with the Uyghur national movement, I was among the invited people to this conference. Despite
a long way, with multiple landings and flights across continents
and oceans, I have decided to bring a large number of copies of the
book, to Washington. I hope that my dear reader will understand
how important it was to me. At that time I was happy, just thinking
that I could give my book to each participant of the Uyghur Congress, so they could personally get acquainted with my views on the
problems of Uyghur people.
I think that my feelings and hopes to be heard by rational people
are clear to all. I believed very much that I would be able to find
adherents on such solid meetings of the Uighur elite. With many of
them I was personally acquainted for many years, with whom we
were not only adherents, but also have organized Uyghur events,
both local and international, which are still taking place today. I
was certain that we would meet, talk openly about all our problems,
and immediately begin to work on the conservation and restoration
of the cultural heritage of one of the most ancient and indigenous
peoples of the world, which I am proud to call myself part of it.

To my deep regret, the book, delivered with such difficulties to

Washington for the Uyghur congress, was withdrawn as seditious
and harmful for the Uyghur national movement by the head of
the World Uyghur Congress, Mrs. Rabiya Kadyr. In addition, the
books author was not allowed to participate in the Congress, despite the appeals of some delegates from among the scientific intellectuals, with a proposal to organize a discussion and listen to the
author at the meetings of the Congress. Hence, people, who were
fighting for the rights of a whole nation, trampled the right of one
of the representatives of that nation, considering it as expenses of
the Uyghur National Revolutionary Movement, the right to express
publicly his views and protect them. They said No and have not
let me make a speech. And, imagine where!? In America, the Citadel of freedom and democracy! Near the White House, a stone's
throw from the Capitol Hill!
There have been many rumors and speculation about my views, expressed in various international forums, where I had the courage to
express my opinion, alternative to the existing majority of Uyghur
politicians. Especially to those politicians, who talk about the need
to fight for Uyghur independence, national sovereignty, with little
work, or even doing nothing for their people today and now.
Reviews of my views differ from the most enthusiastic to insecticidal offensive. I can only say: you judge, dear reader.

of the Uyghur people. Unfortunately, for a long time I could not

publish them for financial reasons, our public press refused to provide their pages, and at the same time, many Uyghur media struck
me with caustic criticism, descending to the insults. Without understanding and without accepting, most often without understanding,
or without having examined at all my point of view, they accused
me of apostasy; the betrayal of national idea, calling me the Chinese spy, they even boycott, with the requirement to expel me
from society. It came to the point that even some of my yesterday's
supporters, fearing the condemnation of acting leaders of public
organizations, did not offer to shake hands on my greeting. I felt the
icy breath of 1937 Stalins repressions and the suffocating atmosphere of times of Maoist cleanings and cultural revolutions
for thinking differently than them. Thanks to Allah, this is over. I
do not hold against them, God forgive them. I only ask the family
to forgive me for not being able to protect them from unfair words,
which hurt them to hearts: my old mother, wife, children, brothers
and close friends for whom it was deeply offensive. Knowing that
you are pure before Allah and people, understanding that they do
it because of ignorance, gives you strength to forgive and love. I
just want to repeat once again, to our homegrown politicians: stop,
do not please your political ambitions and adventurism, in a bid to
get miserable pittance, push the brightest people of the nation - active youth imprisoned in terrorist camps in Afghanistan.

Over these years, meeting and exchanging opinions with hundreds

of people, with my fellow compatriots, I only believed stronger in
my own views, found thousands of supporters, adherents. In fact,
my first collection of work, entitled I Am Uyghur, just starting
to appear widely. I hope, that now every Uyghur and not Uyghurs
will personally, and not being distorted by various authors of angry
letters, read and draw conclusions about my views on the future

It is better not to think about your titles and positions, not about
your prosperous life in Washington or Berlin, but about Uyghur
people, take care of their prosperity, of modern education for youth,
of entry into the global intellectual, financial and cultural elite.

With respect,
Nur Muhammad KARAHAN

Nur Muhammad
KARAHAN /Kendzhiev/
public MAN
Bonify, while you have power (Hass Hadzhibey Balasaguni)
Nur Muhammad is Uyghur, born on September 17, 1960. In 1979,
he has completed Frunze's Technical School of Soviet Trade with
a major in merchandising and organization of trade with honours.
From 1979 to 1983, he studied at the Kyrgyz State University,obtaining
a major in merchandising and organization of trade. After the completion of university, he worked at the republican trade organization for two years, and then from 1985 to 1987 was engaged in scientific research in the field of applied economics and also worked
as a marketing specialist.
In 1987-1990 years, Nur Muhammad gained organizational work
experience in local governmental authority bodies, then was engaged in social activities. He was also elected as a deputy of the
national parliament, which was responsible for the Kyrgyzstan's
independence declaration, as well as realization of reforms in the
country's political system. By serving as a deputy of Zhogorku
Kenesh, he actively participated in the organization of democratic
movement For democracy, civil peace and national concordance.
Activities of this movement initiators became the fundamental factor for presidential power institute creation.

Uyghurs in the Kyrgyzstan's Nation Assembly and before the republican authorities. In 1996-1997, Mr. Karahan worked as the
Vice-Chairman in interethnic relations in the Kyrgyzstan's Nations
Assembly Council. Since 1993, Mr. Karahan is the vice-president of
the Kyrgyz antinuclear movement Lop-Nor.
Nur Muhammad Karahan actively participates in the international
Uyghur movement for the nation revival he was elected as the
vice-president of the Uyghurs Association in Central Asia and Kazakhstan (Almaty), vice-president of Joint Committee of Nations
of Eastern Turkestan, Tibet, Inner Mongolia (Germany, Munich).
Since 2008, he represents the Uyghurs of Central Asia in the Turkic
Nations Assembly Central Council.
From 2003 until present, he is the President of the Uyghur support
foundation for development programs ERPAN.
From 2009 until present, he is General Manager of Uyghur medicine company TADU International ltd.
Nur Muhammad Karahan issued a collection of reports, statements
and articles known as I am Uyghur.
Mr. Karahan was awarded with a commemorative medal in honor
of the 1000th Manas anniversary and with a medal in honor of the
Kyrgyzstan's independence 10th anniversary.
In addition, Mr. Karahan made hajj to Mecca. He has six children:
Diar, Adiam, Diaz, Oguzhan, Ahmadiya and Erpan raising them by
adopting the Yusuf Balasagun saying Let son inherit from father
the gold word of sage.

Nur Muhammad Karahan is one of the founders and the first chairman of Kyrgyzstan's Uyghurs Society Central Council Ittipak
national public organization aimed at development of the 55 000
Uyghur diaspora in the country. Ittipak represents interests of

The most significant event to this day was the adoption of the Kyrgyzstan independence declaration. Lifelong credo is serving good.
Main hobbies are reading such as philosophical and historical
books, he also likes Middle Eastern poetry.

Statement thesis delivered by

NUR MUHAMMAD KARAHAN,
people of Kyrgyzstan Assembly Deputy Chair,
Ittipak Uyghur Society of Kyrgyzstan Chair,
at the II International Turkologists Conference
(Istanbul, Turkey. October 21-23, 1996).

THE UYGHUR PEOPLE NATIONAL

DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES
In the name of Allah, the Merciful One!
Assalamu-Aleikum, the highly esteemed Presidium,
High conference participants,
Dear fellow countrymen!
Conclusions and Realities
The XX century is coming to its end a century that raised such
grandiose hopes and that severely shook the world.
Today, just like a hundred years ago, the humanity is being torn
apart by wars and discords, one nation oppresses and annihilates
another one. Along with the great breakthroughs of the mind, examples of fine political co-organization in human co-existence, the
world of supertechnology and comfort emergence, there are poverty and backwardness, wars and interethnical discords, imperial
impudence of one group of nations and violation of rights of the
other group. There is no justice in the world today, just like one
hundred years ago.

around, whose mind, will, and labor faceted the very foundation
of human civilization, its bases, laying preimages of spirituality,
economical world order, democracy worthy of mature communities
back in a hardly visible contour of human culture.
What is also true is that there are not many nations on Earth whose
cultural, and spiritual inheritance was both substantial and inaccessible to its creators. Among those presently living nations, the Uyghurs alone have a bitter share to recognize such a humiliating and
terrifying in its brutality chasm between the mighty sovereignty
and a status of a nonpleasant one, a guest hardly tolerable at a last
piece of land with his own house, piece of his own land. Among
presently existing nations, only Uyghur people have a bitter share
of ascension towards its might, not to the future, but back to its past.
We, Uyghurs, are facing challenging times today. The world mercilessly passes by arrogantly considering us as a civilization having
already passed away a long time ago. We ourselves, have experienced in the middle of this century a next in turn strike of the fate
countless one! are close to a historical disappointment, to losing
the will for a future, the faith for our star.
There is plenty of ground for disappointment today.
As a result of a number of historical reasons and events, there is an
emerging real threat of going impoverished, watered down, assimilated for such basic foundations of an ethnical identity as language,
script, customs and traditions, national lifestyle, culture, mentality,
national self-consciousness.

The historical fate of Uyghurs is at the center of our scholar conference participants attention. The historical fate of any nation inhabiting the planet is full of ups and downs, prosperity and decline.
But, our people have been granted unique, unconventional path by
Allah.

As the research shows, (according to the experts estimates) up to

20% of Uyghurs, (I am taking an average for the whole nation, not
based on locations) cannot read, and 10% cannot even speak their
native language. And there is an extremely small number of those
who are able to understand the ancient Uyghur language that captured the greatest achievements of the Uyghur culture.

There are not many nations on Earth who started their long ascension to the future with Uyghurs. There are not that many still

Today, according to various estimates, there are over 600 thousand

Uyghurs in the world, who are counted as part of other ethnicities,

by their good will or by the will of circumstances. I shall not be

talking about other countries, but in Kyrgyzstan alone just several
years ago, people were afraid to publickly acknowledge their Uyghur origin due to a risk of getting deprived of a good education
and work opportunities. And even today when many things have
changed for the better, there is still not a single Uyghur school in
place for a 55 000 Uyghur population.
Uyghurs' social and activity orientations have changed along with
a system of the relevant values. First of all, the intellectual activity
orientations have been lost that once were a distinctive feature of
the Uyghurs; a very important resource for developing a nation, a
criterion for placement within the world community.
It is not possible to present authentic data on Uyghurs as a whole,
but only speaking of the Uyghurs living in former Soviet Union Republics with a relatively high average educational level, the number
of Uyghurs having a higher education makes only 1-2 persons per
one thousand, which puts us to the last place in the world. There is
a very small number of intellectuals.
As a result of absence of a sufficient stratum of intellectuals with
a higher education and numerous involuntary transfers from one
script to another the cultural script of generations has been distorted
or cut off; the generational cultural succession and impartation. The
philosophical schools have ceased to exist, along with the cultural
centers, literary creative works. The nation that was the first one to
actually print the first book has lost even its own book publishing.
The majority of the nation does not have an opportunity to access
the achievements of its own history and culture due to the archival
storages, the book fund and other literary funds being closed both
in the XUAR and CIS, and a difficult access to the Western centers
and libraries.
There is a risk of heavily serious consequences resulting from the
nation having found itself in a zone rendering hard access to the
achievements of the world civilization, particularly to the spheres
8

of education, science, and production that define the social progress.

Particularly it concerns the access to the electronic communication
means and systems, the contemporary educational systems of the
West and East, the contemporary technology in all the economic
industries. There is no commuting network, no Uyghur specialists
and scientists exchange programs corresponding with various international organizations assisting the scientific and cultural exchange
(the turkologic, business, womens and youths conferences, seminars, internship programs). There is no access to training programs
for military specialists, space industry specialists. There are no Uyghur specialists in the international financial structures who would
be able to design and put an effective national financial system to
work.
The nation having had a recent fame for talented leaders today has
been even deprived of its long aged culture. In the CIS republics the
share of Uyghurs involved in leading, managerial, and administrative spheres is several times less than the share held by our ethnicity
within the entire population. And that list may be continued endlessly.
There is a large concern about Uyghur population being watered
down (diluted) in regional areas. As a result of Uyghur emigration
out of the Peoples Republic of China, assimilatory policies established by the Chinese authorities, the cutback of areas favorable or
even tolerable for living in the area of Tarim that are conditioned by
the social and economical reasons for the Uyghur migration from
the Central Asian republics to other countries, first of all to the
West, Turkey and Arabic states; the density and compactness of the
Uyghur habitat areas is being reduced which has always been one
of the features that made up the national identity. Within the conditions of low level communicational opportunities, this leads to losing ethnical traditions and customs, language and communication.
One of the most significant consequences of all of these processes
is losing a sense of nation identity, sense of recognition of the common problem, the need for a unified movement. It is also reflected
9

in the national ideology, psychology, and national movement.

Amidst the Uyghurs, the ideology of personal enrichment is gaining its influence momentum, dominance of material values over the
spiritual ones, the physiological needs are taking priority, replacing the cultural ones, the daily life has the majoring highlights of
being-well and showing off, and status-wastefulness of the means.
The sense for solidarity and mutual support has weakened, it has
become more lucrative to serve the stronger ones, the more titled
nations of the inhabited countries.
The Uyghurs, who once used to spread and promote religious spirit
and culture of Buddhism in China, Mongolia and furtherdown to
Korea, who used to be conducting vessels of enlightenment, of literacy, of the state leadership science have lost their orientation for
missionary activity.
The hopes and the ways
It is clear for anyone thinking robustly that if these processes in the
Uyghur nation do not get stopped, get refracted, the nation will find
itself at the edge of a historical abyss, where there is no way back
from. It is today or tomorrow that irreversible consequences of the
historical sleep and regress will befall the Uyghur people. And opportunity for a breakthrough, for stepping forth in development will
be lost forever. And a fate of the dozens and hundreds of ethnicities
that we read about in the literature admiring their achievements and
grieving because of their extinction, is awaiting us.
Our belief principle and the perspective are such that at this critical moment the historical predestination of those who deeply care
about the Uyghurs fate, who want to bring it to the future, there is
a need to answer the contemporary challenging times, find and suggest ideas and ways to the nation which will enable to restore the
national spirit and call and unwind the presently conserved spiritual, and cultural potential that has emerged along the ages of the
unceasing work of the minds, hearts, and hands of our ancestors.
10

With its power, similar to a power of a well hardened and solidly

compressed metal spring for ages, we will be able and will have
to render a breakthrough at the cutting edge of the world society
development, and human culture progress.
We think that the most urgent objective today is to design principles, foundational ideas, strategies, core working directions and
forms, capable, when pulled together, to provide for pursuit of
the core goal of implementing the real challenges within the
historical process directed towards transformation of the Uyghur society to a state of an accelerated development based on
its historical identity, self-consciousness of its own place and
role, envisioning own future within the global community of the
world nations.
The national development program should be founded not by formal, situational and political, historical and ambitious, and other
fast-vanishing impetuses, but by the key value of keeping and developing the Uyghur nation, its identity, culture, historically accumulated potential, cultural and spiritual values, to get associated with the achievements of the civilization, to the progress,
to cultivate an ability to live as one whole, unified community
regardless of any state borders.
First of all, it is important to highlight that all the efforts in the
national development sphere shall have success only if they are
rooted not in intentions no matter how appraisable they may be, but
in realities no matter how unpleasant they may be.
These realities include the following:
The Uyghur nation does not have its own sovereign statehood,
The Uyghur live on territories belonging to the several presently
existing states,
The international law as it is today aims at fixed state borders and
resists any demarcation,
None of the states, which territories are occupied by the Uyghurs,
11

are willing to give up a single piece of their own territory and will
put its best efforts to combat any attempts of the Uyghurs statehood identity promotion,
This situation may be changed only as a result of a long transformational process in international public and legal thinking.
The participants of our conference analyzing the situation of the
Eastern Turkistan within the contemporary world and its relational
system, the situation inside the region, have uncovered the reality
multilaterally, have defined the grounds for the points, and demonstrated all of its complexity and problems.
Particularly, the statements delievered by Kemal Karpat, Professor and Doctor, Aidin Bolack, the Turkish Oil Fund Chair, Ahat
Andijany, Professor and Doctor, are very significant for us in understanding the situation and unrolling the efforts on provisions for
ethnical development.
On a large scale, there are two basic approaches today to national
development problems. Advocates of the more common approach
think that the main goal should be to achieve the sovereign statehood by any means (and the approaches within it are different),
and then think about the nation and its development. The other approach taken by those who do not believe that there is a possibility to gain (at least in near future) the statehood, think that one
should not raise a question of national development at all, it will
take its own place naturally and independently within a context of
the world development.
We think that on one hand, it is impossible to trust a miracle to
happen doing nothing, believing that the flow of events will take
Uyghurs through spontaneously, and on the other hand, it is inappropriate to think about fighting for the Uyghur statehood by any
means, and postponing the matters of own situation and development until later.
Change in the present situation is possible only in a result of a
studious, persistent, regular multilateral work on shaping na12

tional potential in all of the spheres.

National development efforts foundations need to comprise five
vectors, five constituent elements, five basic foundations, five
working zones:
1. Shaping economical system of the community and economical national development bottom line principles
2. Shaping the national unifying cultural concept and ideology
3. Shaping the national unifying informational system
4. Shaping the national unifying educational and professional
training systems
5. Shaping the national unifying political system
1. For any of those states that are currently inhabited by Uyghurs,
providing necessities and some substantial support to the national
development of the Uyghurs is a problem. All these countries and
their people themselves are undergoing challenging times, economic transformations, suffering from low living standards and low human development indicators.
Meanwhile, it will take time shaping a powerful resource base and
of course an economical system able to build economical development foundations, in order to cope with lagging factors in all of the
life spheres.
The root changes taking place within the former Soviet Republics
of Central Asia economies, and a new economical course in China
provide most favorable environments for such efforts, for it is obvious that it will be based upon international cooperation opportunities, transnational economical structures. Considering the favorability of products market and workforce market in this area, and
extensive experience of working in these conditions that the Uyghur businessmen have, one can speak about a unique chance for
a powerful economical breakthrough and entrance into the world
economical activity parameters.
13

2. Second most important working zone is shaping conceptual

foundations of the national development and a new ideology based
on them.
The unified national cultural and historical concepts is a kernel, a
pivot that can draw the Uyghur people united around having gained
a new historical objective, new understanding of its place and role
within the human civilization.
Absolutely, framing such a concept is not an office act and is not a
mindful perspective of individual Uyghur thinkers. That is a quintessence of the entire national wisdom, a result of a critical cognition of the entire Uyghur history without any complacency and
self-admiration which are so common to us; it is a philosophical
summation of centuries-old intellectual achievements of the Uyghur thinking school.
The task is of a great difficulty. It will require creating and launching a number of scientific schools, shaping a certain prototype of an
Uyghur Academy, not as a community of bureaucratic clerks representing science but as a center drawing together the Uyghur thinkers, the Uyghur scientists. It will require creating special centers
that would study extensively rich cultural inheritance of the Uyghurs and make it publicly available and credited for, which the inheritance monuments have been scattered around the whole world.
3. One of the most significant conditions for a breakthrough towards the front line of the world development today is forming a
full-value effectively shaped national informational space through
framing our own national informational systems of regional and
global types.
Within the conditions of territorial dispersion and low informational supply of the regions inhabited by Uyghur, it is impossible to
render a regular functioning of all community systems, impossible
to provide for involving all the Uyghur into active work on national
building without framing strong branched off information bearing
channels in al the inhabited regions.
14

It is particularly important to render training in the area of modern

technology among the youth, the children, having created favorable
conditions for it in each educational unit, in the townships inhabited
by the Uyghur. The very life and life conditions push our nation to
a need to make the Uyghur one of the most information supplied
communities.
4. The vocational training problems become key ones and defining
in our work. It is impossible to overestimate all that work performed
by our leading public activists abroad putting enormous efforts organizing educational opportunities for the Uyghur youth in the world
leading educational units. Due to their efforts the key link for the
future national educational and training systems is being formed.
Meanwhile the demand for authorizing, publishing and distributing study, fiction, specialized literature in Uyghur language firstly
to the children and youth is urgent and acute. In this area it is also
difficult to count for sufficient assistance from the governments
of the inhabited states. Even having a desire to assist, they do not
have enough budget for culture and education. We think that we
need a special international program under the help of the UN and
UNESCO and intend to present elaborated proposals to these organizations soon.
5. Recent years, mostly at the cost of the Central Asian republics
which used to be a part of the Soviet Union, a public self-organization system among Uygurs has begun to emerge. In these 5 countries, there are 10 registered Uyghur organizations functioning plus
another three that have not yet been registered due to some reasons.
And if firstly, at the initial stage, only unified national and cultural
units or purely political organizations were created, today the number of the national public organizations is growing and they are
incorporated for multiple features. That is very significant, because
those are public structures covering various life spheres, various
population strata, expressing various interests: from the political to
the cultural and learning ones.
15

They all are real issues of the Uyghur national public structures.
They need to be filled with a content more extensively, to work
on the internal participatory mechanisms, democracy mechanisms,
public self governance.
This is the way to shaping the unifying national political system,
breeding it not on ambitions and made-up schemes of individual
political leaders or people striving to become such, but on the real
grounds of the people.
I think this is the way for us to undoubtedly come to national political unity, to shape a team of national leaders who are given real
support and trust among the people.
A special attention should be given to developing and strengthening
ties between the national Uyghur organizations of the XUAR and
the diasporas abroad. Today such contacts and joined efforts are
practically non-existent. This situation should be changed. We have
a vast space for the joined work and we want to open it up in spite
of the challenges and biases that we have.
I think that we need to continue the practice of the kurultay national
assemblies, to enhance it through a larger number of participants,
and more legitimate representatives of the local Uyghur communities. We are willing to discuss a possibility to organize an allUyghur kurultay in XUAR with the Chinese government, which
shall be focused at the problems of the further development of the
education and culture of the Uyghur.
Thus, not cavalry swoop, not political fuss, but comprehensive
scrub work on shaping the national development foundations
that is the foundational way of the national movement, its core objective and content.
The Uyghur people has a historical base for a development unique
in its potential, significance, and richness. We are talking about an
anciently rooted distinctive history, spiritual values of multiple religions, culture that has been nurtured at the junctions of three civilizations.
16

And we are to be worthy of our ancestors, to be able to use our

inheritance, to disclose and fulfill the peoples potential, to take its
history to a new powerful stage.
This is a life purpose worthy, a moving power for all of our activity
and deeds.
That is Allahs commandment!
In the conclusion of my concise statement, I would like to thank particularily the organizing stuff of the present scientific conference,
this authoritative meeting of major scholars and political statesmen,
such as Muhammad Khafiz, World Muslim League (Rabit) General
Secretary Deputy, Mehmet Saray, Professor and Doctor, Nevzat
Yalchintash, Professor and Doctor, Turan Yazgan, Professor and
Doctor, Muzaffar Ozdag, famous researcher and writer, Mustafa
Kafaly, Professor and Doctor, Mehmet Tutunju, Professor and Doctor, Andulkadyr Donuck, Professor and Doctor. And I would like
to share my confidence that the conference materials shall be apprehended with great interest in the world and first of all within the
Uyghur nation, and also express my hope to have similarly great
pleasure to meet again with such eminent persons, the very fellowship with whom has brought a very useful and learning experience
for which I am very thankful.
May the Allah grant you well-being and favor!
ALLAH in the name of The Most Affectionate, the Merciful.
All praise unto Allah, Lord of all the worlds.
The most Affectionate, The Merciful.
Master of the Day of Requital.
We worship You alone, and beg You alone for help.
Guide us in the straight path.
The path of those whom You have favoured.
Not of those who have earned
Your anger and nor of those who have gone astray.
al-Fatiha, Koran.
17

Welcoming Address thesis delivered by

NUR MUHAMMAD KARAHAN,
at the World Uyghur Youth Meeting
(Munich, Germany. November 9-12, 1996).

THE YOUTH AND FUTURE

OF THE UYGHUR NATION
In the name of Allah the Merciful!
Highly esteemed Presidium!
Dear friends!
Not a single nation shall have a future if it does not regard its own
youth, if it is not duly thoughtful of the purposes and meanings of
their lives.
That is why several years ago we found ourselves standing at the
very birth of the contemporary Uyghur Youth movement.
That is why it is an amazing pleasure for me to welcome you, the
participants of the II World Uyghur Youth forum.
It was not accidental and not for the reasons of political carefulness that our meeting was contrived and prepared as a cultural one.
I know that many are trying to convert the youth movement to a
purely political one, striving to use youth energy and will for momentary political objectives. Undoubtedly, it is impossible to participate in political affairs without young people. It is at all times
and everywhere that the youth has been an impetus producing
force for any social transformations; the revolutions have been performed, the new states have emerged, the empires have been born
with the youths minds and hands.
But the history tells us about other sides as well. The fate of generations thrown into furnace of political battles is sad, if it is not
sanctified by a great purpose, if it is not predestined from above,
is not enlightened by an ideal of national happiness and prosperity.

determining, turning milestone moment in the Uyghur people fate

now. This may seem strange to you, but the foundational trouble of
the Uyghur nation is not about having lost its statehood. During its
ancient, centuries-old history the heavily suffering Uyghur nation
lost its statehood multiple times (even though nobody was ever able
or is able today to deprive it of its motherland), regained its statehood and lost it again numerously.
The main trouble is that today, Uyghurs are facing a real possibility of losing what has been constituent to the very essence
for the nation; its culture, its spirit, its historical predestination.
As a result of historical collisions the Uyghur nation which a certain
time ago stood at the headwaters of the Central Asian civilization
origins, provided for an intellectual momentum for their development, today is finding itself at a margin of the world movement, in
a threatening regressing and stagnation zone, and social extinction.
Irreversible transformations began to take place, firstly in forms of
disappearing national identity basic foundations such as language,
script, customs and traditions, national lifestyle, culture, mentality,
national self consciousness.
A great concern is risen by the dissolving processes of the Uyghurinhabited areas. As a result of Uyghur migration from the Peoples
Republic of China, and from the Central Asian republics to other
countries, first of all to the West, Turkey, the Arabic countries, the
compactness of the Uyghur habitats is reduced, while the compactness has always been one of the significant national formational
features. Within conditions of low level communication opportunities this all leads to losing national customs and traditions, language
and simply communication.

I will tell this without any exaggerations that there is a critical,

The social and functional orientation vectors of the Uyghur community

and the relevant values' systems have been changed. First of all, it is
orientation to intellectual activity that has been lost, which used to be
a distinctive feature of the Uyghurs, a significant national development
resource, and a criteria for defining its role within the world community.

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As a result of absence of a sufficient stratum of intellectuals having higher education and numerous involuntary transfers from one
script to another the cultural script of generations, the generational
cultural succession and impartation have been distorted or cut off.
The philosophical schools have ceased to exist, along with the cultural centers, literary creative works. The nation that was the first
one to actually print the first book has even lost its own book publishing. The majority of the nation does not have an opportunity to
access the achievements of its own history.
All of these matters were discussed with great concerns by the participants from all over the world of a recent scholarly turcologic
conference that took place in Istanbul.
That is why from perspective of the Uyghur nation survival and
providing for its future there is no significant objective for the
Uyghur youth, but to restore the Uyghur spirituality, culture,
intellectual and willful energy, to restore our nation to a status
of a real participant of the world historical development.
Of course for those who strive to get involved in politics, dream of
immediate liberalization of the nation, of the fame radiating when
being national leaders, for those who call the people to go into the
streets and start the insurgent battles, my objectives will seem non
relevant, and my words will seem boring.
But what I earnestly desire above all things in the world is for the
Uyghur youth to take an honorary place within the global intellectual, business, financial, cultural elite, for the Uyghur children to
have equal with others opportunities for most privileged education,
for access to the most contemporary informational technology, so
that immeasurable treasures of the national thought and creativity
presently kept under a bushel become a fertile soil for raising eminent scholars, outstanding entrepreneurs, writers, poets, musicians,
who would be of Uyghur origin!

shape a vast youth movement for the national restoration and

development founded on the national traditions and national
culture within the contemporary world development course.
Youth development programs can and should cover such priority
areas as education, information, national entrepreneurship, art.
I think that your forum may put out an initiative of framing and
implementing special international program under the auspices of
the UN and UNESCO designed to preserve and develop the nation
that is left to exist in such specific conditions as inhabiting several
states by the power of the historical realities. And these states differ in their social, political, and cultural orientations, each having
its own cultural realms, each belonging to different branches of the
world culture and religious traditions.
Uyghur youth movement is just originating at the moment. Probably this forums participants will come to certain conclusions as a
result of discussing the problems. It is just important to understand
that the youth movement will not emerge at a moment, or just as
a result of a decision made for it to be. There is long and complex
work still to do in shaping the priorities and objectives, organizational formation. Meanwhile the youth movement should represent
real youth masses, be their fruit, avoiding mistakes common to its
organizers before, including organization of this meeting.
It is very important to protect the youth movement from any political adventurism and momentary attempts, from being used for the
own interests of certain political groups.
It is important to learn to use the political, intellectual, and organizational potential of the international children and youth organization for the interests of our national development, establish contacts
with various international youth public forces and fill them with a
content.

The World cultural meeting of the Uyghur youth could become a

start in framing and launching a whole set of programs designed to

The historical meaning can be carried only by a movement that

manages to organize practical work in framing sufficient development opportunities for the Uyghur youth, accumulating and attract-

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ing resources and structures necessary for it. The Uyghur youth
organization has to become a certain projecting and organizational
center for shaping the future of the Uyghur people. Nobody except
for the youth will be able to shape a real historical chance for the
XXI century.
I would like to wish all of you success in this work!
I would like to express confidence that there is a better future for
the Uyghur people!
I believe in your historical star!
Allah is with us!

THE UYGHURS SOCIETY

OF KYRGYZSTAN ITTIPAK
TO hold ITS III KURULTAI
Our correspondent met with the Societys Council Chairman
Nurmuhammed Kendzhiev and asked him to tell about processes going in the Uyghur national movement in our country
and national situation at the modern period.
Mister Nurmuhammed Kendzhiev, how do You think, what is
typical today for the state of things in Uyghur diaspora of Kyrgyzstan and what the society Ittipak comes up to its Kurultai
with?
A little more than four years passed from the moment of our previous Kurultai.
In its first years Ittipak had the purpose to achieve its recognition, to assert itself in socio-political life of Kyrgyzstan, and we
have done it, within the reporting period all efforts were aimed at
increasing the role of the Society in solving the most essential problems of Uyghur nation in Kyrgyzstan. The accent was transferred
more from narrowly political issues to social, economic, and cultural ones, to things which form a daily life of the Uyghurs.
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And it can be fully explained. The past years were hard for the
Uyghurs. In conditions of reforms in Kyrgyzstan, all our problems
also sharply became aggravated.
Unemployment, life standards going down to a critical point, lack
of means for maintenance of national culture typical for the republic sharply influenced on Uyghur population. We have lost practically all few sources of support for national development which
existed earlier.
In these conditions it was necessary not to allow bigger losses in
culture, education, language, than those that were already present.
Ittipak strived to be occupied with this. We accomplished some
goals, but did not make a lot. You can find more detailed information about it in report on work for the reporting period of the Council of Ittipak which was published in press. Also we will talk
about it at the forthcoming Kurultai.
Nevertheless, what, in Your opinion, is the main thing in
forthcoming work?
The main thing is to make transfer from episodic and in many
respects inconsequent work on solving of problem of the Uyghurs
to realization of sound program of the national development for our
diaspora consisting of more than 40 000. Ittipak as one of the
leading Uyghur organizations can and should take upon itself the
main load of this work.
We suppose that daily problems of Uyghur people: economic, social, cultural and educational ones should be in its highlight.
But many think that Ittipak first of all is a political organization intended to assert rights of the Uyghurs with the help of
political means in political sphere?
Ittipak asserted and will assert the rights of Uyghur nation of
the Kyrgyz Republic provided by Constitution of the country. In this
sense, we always actively worked and work. More detailed information about it is provided in the report, that is why I will go into detail.
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But political work is just a part of all areas of our activity, though
of course , a very important one. Moreover, at certain stages it gets
a primary importance. And such stage was in 1989-94 years. It was
necessary to achieve the constitutional strengthening of civil rights
of representatives of all nationalities, our right for development of
own culture, language, religion, and traditions. It was necessary to
achieve the right and really to create public structures which would
represent the interests of the Uyghurs, and assist in solving of their
problems. At that period I was deputy of Jogorku Kenesh and I
should achieve solving of these problems rather actively, it can be
said without exaggeration together with many other deputies to
struggle for recognition of the democratic rights and freedom in
Kyrgyzstan.
Whether all was solved or not in political sphere? Of course, not all.
In future we also should expand legislative guarantees of the rights
of national groups. We cannot stand aside from problems of our native land, the Uyghurs living on the territory of Peoples Republic
of China.
But, today the whole complex of not less complicated and urgent
problems is spotlighted. The matter already concerns national survival: economic, social and cultural.
People which some time ago have made an enormous contribution
to a world civilization, just to economic and spiritual fields, today,
as a result of historical collisions, were thrown off on a roadside of
the world historical development.
What else should we say, the matter is simple: how members of
large Uyghur families should survive, how to give worthy education to children and how to keep the language, traditions, and culture.
When you think about these simple questions touching each Uyghur and try to find a way for solving them, it becomes somehow
awkward to listen to sonorous jabber of all who suddenly became
the Uyghur politician and worry more about a political position
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they occupy, than about a daily bread for the people. Just look at
what the organization which identifies itself as the Association of
Uyghur businessmen is doing. Do you think that it is occupied with
business? Now, there are politicians only! And they are so radical,
that they even accuse Ittipak almost of disregard of national interests.
Interests of the people should be protected with not political appeals, they, generally, are good only for receipt of cheap political
capital, but with the help of practical work on satisfaction of national needs and problems. I think Ittipak should be occupied
with such things more persistently and consistently.
But there is also another point of view, in accordance with
which Ittipak should be occupied with cultural work only.
I do not agree on this also. Of course, Ittipak is not Uyghur
government in Kyrgyzstan, but it is not just the national cultural
center. We were actively occupied, and I think will be occupied
with matters on revival, retention and development of the national
culture and language. A lot in this sense was made by Ittipak in
the reporting period also. Our information gives it in details.
But we cannot and should not confine ourselves just work on culture. Regardless of our wish Ittipak is one organization representing today in Kyrgyzstan the interests of the whole Uyghur nation. So it is established in this way. And it is not going anywhere.
We cannot say people that the culture and language is our problem,
and we will not take up the problems on population employment,
social status of people, development of national economy, protection of rights of the Uyghurs in authorities.
Therefore I suppose that Ittipak should constantly expand area of
its activities in order to cover all aspects of people's lives.
Another matter is that at the same it is logical that we will create
more new structures which will resolve some issues. So, the Womens Council, mass media agencies, youth groups have been created
within the past period. Things are leading to creation of scientific
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society, cultural organizations, economic funds and others. The life

is difficult and diversified!
All these structures are necessary and, thanks God that they appear,
that there are people, activists shouldering problems. I will say that
in this sense we put many hopes on the Association of businessmen,
Uyghur department and other structures and organization existing
today already out of Ittipak. Our newspaper became also independent, television and radio office is growing in strength. And it
is wonderful! The more we will have actively and independently
working organizations, the more we can do for people, for solving
problems. It is necessary to work, instead of having a bone to pick
with each other, and finding out who is more important and who
to whom submits! Whole national federations joining and coordinating efforts of all many national organizations without pressure
and limitation with strict hierarchical scheme already exist for a
long time all over the world, in the developed democratic countries
with the polyethnic population. And it does not interfere, and on
the contrary, guarantees successful representation and protection of
interests of these nationalities in the state bodies.
Yes. Talks about split and necessity of joining exist among
people.
Thanks God, there is no, and I hope there will be no split among
people.
All these talks are excited by political intriguers trying at the expense of collision of people, leaders to fish in troubled waters,
to provoke them to sharp actions, conflicts, to make the way on
supervising posts.
In this sense, the thing which already happened now, during preparation of Kurultai is significant. Unexpectedly, under the pretense
of democracy and necessity to join efforts, some of the most ardent
in past opponents of Ittipak suddenly attended so much its
problems, that have rushed to organizing committee for preparation of our Kurultai having forgotten that they are members, and
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even heads of absolutely another organization by no means relating

to Ittipak. The purpose was simple: using authority of Ittipak
among people to transform it into kind of governing body of all
Uyghurs, of course under their power. And here the Kurultai of Ittipak gets in their interpretation the status of nationwide one, the
whole pre-election political campaign developed, though the matter was not about election of President of the country, but just about
management of a public organization management was developed.
But at the same time they speak about unity, but do not dismiss the
organization, what if they will fail to win elections!
I can say once again, there is no split among people and it cannot
exist. Moreover, ordinary people do not care if we have one organization or ten; they just want to see good use of it, work provided
for common business in a friendly manner, but not sorting out their
relationship and playing politics.
But, besides flubdubbed efforts to earn political dividends on shouts
about the split and necessity to join our new-fledged politicians,
this matter has another much more serious ground.
I am talking about the general Uyghur tendency for people unification.
I just was going to ask you about it. Recently You participated
in a number of large international events.
Yes, last fall was rather intense in this sense. The international
scientific-theoretical conference on problems of Eastern Turkestan
was conducted in Istanbul in October, then the 11th World meeting
of Uyghur Youth was carried out in Munich in November, and in
December our delegation participated in events devoted to the anniversary of death of eminent Uyghur statesman and national leader
Aisa Yusup Aleptekin and establishment of the International Fund
in his name, which were carried out in Istanbul also.
All these events were far from being just formal actions and required thorough preparation and hard work. I was delivering the
report at conference at which all the greatest specialists in Turkic
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philology and specialists studying the Uyghur nation of the world

participated, I delivered speeches at the meeting of youth and
events in Istanbul. Moreover, many meetings with the Uyghur public people, scientists, Uyghur students studying abroad, meetings,
conversations and debates with specialists and scientists were carried out both in Germany, and Turkey. There just was not a spare
minute either in the afternoon, or at night.
All these trips, events and meetings were of great importance for me.
For the first time it was possible to get acquainted so widely with a
state of affairs in the foreign Uyghur diasporas, existing points of
view on a condition and development of problem of the Uyghurs,
in a context of worldwide processes to understand the place and the
role of our people in the world community more deeply.
I would like to note the most important thing: everybody distinctly
feels and notes the necessity and approaching of a new stage in history of the Uyghur nation, its national movement. On the one hand,
it is connected with a problem of Uyghur statehood. But even more
it is connected with vital necessity to stop a national regress and,
on the basis of historical potentialities of people avoid crisis in the
national development, which will be able to return our people in the
forefront of the world progressive advance.
I have also already said about it in my statements.
Different points of view about it exist in society.
Yes, my statements caused controversies even to those who heard
them, what can we say about people who heard rumours only.
Meanwhile, their meaning is simple, I was grounding and developing the same point of view, that is: if today ahead of XXI century
Uyghur people will not use a chance of breakthrough, they may
sink into oblivion, as many other earlier well developed nations, it
will fall by the fate of many nations its historical contemporaries,
whose names remained today only in history textbooks.

which are considered by many people as actual. And at worst

they call me the apostate and the destroyer of everything that until
present time has been built and was sacred.
And how You would explain your position?
I dont want to make excuses.
Those should make excuses, who for the sake of their own tomorrow's historical ambitions are ready to throw today the people in
carnage and consider it the main objective of the national movement.
Those should make excuses, who set their own insults or political
claims above interests of national unity, covering all this up by conversations about firm line, adherence to principles, irreconcilability
to those who think another way.
Those should make excuses, who happily living in satisfied countries accuse us that we, here in the Central Asia, do not rebel against
governments of our republics, allegedly not understanding that
picketing of the Chinese embassy in Bonn or Washington and Bishkek is not the same. And we do not solve it, you see?
All these people have their eyes covered with an ardour of political
strike, in heat of which they do not see and do not wish to see the
main thing, and to ask themselves the main question: what is this all
for, and what is a political strike for? Is it an end in itself of national
movement?
If we consider their views and intentions as the core purpose of the
national movement, I do not want to participate in such a movement.

Such formulation of question was not clear for many. At best, they
accuse me of globalism, unwillingness to solve those questions

I want and I will participate in the national movement the objective

of which is not satisfaction of political ambitions of people considering or wishing to consider themselves leaders of Uyghur nation,
but simple everyday solving of problems of the Uyghurs regardless
of their residence place today but not tomorrow, simple daily and
uphill work for improvement of living conditions of people.

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I want hardworking Uyghur people to live not worse than other

people. I want keen-witted Uyghur people to get education at the
best world standards level. I want the well-known Uyghur scientific
and social ideas contribute to the best world achievements. I want
beautiful centuries-old culture of the Uyghurs to live today fully,
pleasing an eye and ear of all nations in the world.
I know that it is more difficult to achieve this, than just to talk about
freedom of the nation. That is why I have no excuses to make to my
people. I dream about freedom of our people and wish to achieve it
not less than others!
I met tens and hundreds people in all countries, Uyghurs and other
interesting people from different background. I know that many
people share my views and I am sure that Allah the Almighty will
help us to pass along the way on which it can be made. We need just
to work more together.
Summary report by the Uyghurs society Ittipak
Chairman in Kyrgyzstan
NUR MUHAMMAD KARAHAN
(Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. 1992-1997).

Ittipak on the eve of a new stage

Exactly seven years have passed from the moment of formation of
the society Ittipak the public organization which has united the
Uyghur population of Kyrgyzstan.
No great length of time has elapsed, but it was enough to draw a definite conclusion that our decision to create a national public organization was not just necessary, but it was also the only plausible option.
Before Ittipak society was created, not many people in the republic knew about the problems and existence of Uyghurs, not to
mention people out of the republic. There was no information in
press about this, as if authorities did not notice the existence of the
Uyghur diaspora.
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It is already difficult to imagine, that in the conditions of those years

such decision was not just difficult for accepting, but it also seemed
to be impossible to execute. There were warnings and sometimes
explicit threats all around, including among the Uyghurs. The republican authorities of that time very nearly saw in creation of the
national public organization the encroachment on interethnic concord in the republic, and accused us of nationalism, separatism and
many other things.
However Ittipak has been created and became the first portent in
present widely developed process of national self-awareness of all
ethnic groups living on the territory of Kyrgyzstan. This process
has resulted, as you know, in the creation of the Kyrgyzstan Nations
Assembly the unique and unparalleled in the world association of
the national organizations for the sake of interethnic piece and civil
concord, strengthening of good neighbourliness of all nations, for
the sake of development of each of them!
Four and a half years ago, at the II conference of the Uyghurs of
Kyrgyzstan, in July of 1992, we summed up the first results of the
societys work, not that much yet, discussed problems, tried to define the purposes of the movement, forms and methods of work
more accurately. As you remember, it was decided not to be isolated in narrow frameworks of cultural-educational work. The new
charter was accepted which has defined a wide scope of works in
all aspects of life of the Uyghurs in the republic before society. In
this way the activities of the republican Council elected by Kurultai
were growing and progressing
SOCIO-POLITICAL WORK
The Central Council had to solve the whole complex of questions
in social and political aspect.
Of course, one of the most important events in social and political
life of the diaspora was the meeting with the Kyrgyz Republic President Askar Akaev in July of 1995. The meeting was carried out in
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the Palace of Culture in the Levedinovka district. It can be noted that

it was a unique meeting, there was nothing like it. Many delegates
of Kurultai participated at this meeting and they remember how this
meeting was notable for its warm atmosphere. Contribution of Ittipak society in carrying out of democratic and economic reforms,
strengthening of interethnic concord and stability in Kyrgyzstan,
active participation of its representative in Jogorku Kenesh were
highly appreciated by the Kyrgyz Republic President .kaev.
Also the President mentioned that just Ittipak was the first organization which has conducted Days of Uyghur Culture with motto:
Kyrgyzstan is our home that became already the heart-warming
tradition. The president assured us in deep understanding of problems of the Uyghurs and readiness to assist in their solving in every
possible way. The idea to open of Uyghur Russian school at the
places of close residence of the Uyghurs, assigning of representatives of Uyghur youth to institutions of higher education abroad,
and increase of broadcasting time of Uyghur radio and television
programs on the state television and radio broadcasting company
(Gosteleradio) were supported at the meeting.

It was necessary not just to strengthen the right of our national

organization, to represent and defend the interests of the Uyghur
population in the process of solving by authorities of all questions,
but to make real mechanisms for realization of this right. It is not
easy task. Until present, besides a constitutionally vested equality
of all nations in society and country, the legal and normative acts
establishing procedure and guarantees of realization of this right
are not worked out in the republic.
Council of the society took a quite number of measures for lobbying these decisions.

All of this is necessary, because last year we saw a tension in relations between authorities and our social movement. In March last
year, the Ministry of Justice of the republic even took the decision on adjournment of the societys activities for 3 months. The
reason for such decision was, generally, publishing of our newspaper, as well as some actions of Ittipak society, in which calls
to an infringement of sovereignty of other countries, particularly
China, were discovered, which are forbidden in accordance with
the Constitution of Kyrgyzstan. The situation becomes clearer, if
we remember that the Head of People's Republic of China has paid
a visit to Kyrgyzstan just at that very time.

An active participation was taken in elections to Kenesh at all levels. In total, 9 candidates ran for election at places with concentrated Uyghur population. However, we noted that only 3 people
were elected to Novo-Pokrovskiy aiyl Kenesh. It is a result of both
of our insufficient work in hustings, and defects in legislation, not
providing representation of national minorities. Therefore, in the
result of the elections, the letter with request to make alterations in
the Act on elections in order to provide representation of small nations and nationalities in state structures has been sent on behalf of
the Uyghur public to the Kyrgyz Republic President Askar Akaev.
At our initiative, the international seminar with participation of representatives of OSCE, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the republic, the Assembly of Nation of Kyrgyzstan was conducted on this
matter, international experts and deputies of Jogorku Kenesh were
invited to this seminar. Opinions of participants were also sent to
Jogorku Kenesh and the Government. Also, we were insisting on
necessity of assignment of quotas in elections to authorities in the
process of discussion of the draft law on right of national minorities, introduced by group of Jogorku Kenesh deputies. Our opinion
is also shared by representatives of other national social organizations included into the Nations Assembly of Kyrgyzstan. Once and
for all the matter will be decided in the process of consideration of
the appropriate draft law in Jogorku Kenesh, apparently it will be
close to the next election. We will continue to increase a tension in

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The Uyghur public viewed the attention of the President with thanks
and hope. We believe that the President will have the opportunity to
revert once again to our issues and wishes expressed at this meeting; we hope such meetings can become regular.

this matter in the process of its consideration.

Ittipak society also has used all other opportunities to inform the
public about issues and vital needs of Uyghur nation. Speeches of
its heads were devoted to that matter at Kurultais (Congress, general meeting of some Mongolian and Turkic nations) of the nation
of Kyrgyzstan, in mass media, participation in membership of the
Nations Assembly of Kyrgyzstan in annual meetings with the President A. Akaev and the Prime Minister A.Jumagulov.
The prominent step of Ittipak society, its obvious achievement
became a solving of matters concerning formation of own mass
media.
In 1994 (March) the first issue of the newspaper in history of Uyghurs of Central Asia, written both in Uyghur and Russian languages, was published. In connection with that, we would like to express
great gratitude to the chief editor Muzapparkhan Kurbanov, members of an editorial board Akbar Baudinov, Ali Ayup, Sabitzhan
Babadzhanov, Rabiiam Yakup. Also, I suppose that the contribution
of deceased Abliz aka Rozi and Hakim aka Rozi will not be forgotten. As of today, the newspaper circulation reached 1300 copies, of
course, it is not enough. Activists of Ittipak make considerable
efforts for wider distribution of the newspaper. The newspaper says
a lot and thoroughly about history of the Uyghurs, that is, undoubtedly of exceptional importance, particularly for youth. Its circulation could increase even more, if the newspaper gives more attention to todays life issues of the Uyghurs too, helps with its means
in their decision.
It requires not just to be engaged in enlightenment, though it is urgent also, but to take up the real problems of real life.
By our request to direction of the republican state television and radio broadcasting (Gosteleradio) and with the assistance of our businessmen, the operation of Uyghur television and radio broadcasting
was organized, that also became the prominent step of Ittipak for
formation of the integral information system.
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At the present time, the project for formation of computer information system is developed in the Council; this will enable us to enter the world information space, to join thousands of our people in
modern means of communication and world information channels.
Now, we are greatly involved in search of external financing for
this project, since we still have no our own opportunities for this. I
suppose, recently established Association of Uyghur entrepreneurs
headed by dear Ildan Gabbasov, could help us in this.
An aspiration to expand front of socio-political work, to involve in
it as wide as possible circle of activists was the important task of
Ittipak society.
The special place here was assigned to Council of aqsaqals (elder,
honourable persons of Turkic nations). This respectable body has
brought a considerable contribution in solution of major matters of
a life of Uyghur diaspora. At its initiative, fund raising was organized, assistance to needy families was rendered, work on ordering
of carrying out of tois and funerals, work on solving of problems
concerning burial of urban residents in Kok-Jar cemetery, and assistance in settlement of disputes and complaints in social life of
mahalli (traditional Muslim community, ward, housing committee)
was conducted.
Local councils of aqsaqals or their representatives were formed at
the places of compacted residence of Uyghur population in order to
solve issues of peoples daily life and to help people. Here we should
particularly note the work of the Chairman of the Council of aqsaqals Salim adzhi Iminov, Abdumazhit kari adzhi Paltaev, Ismail aka
Gaparov, Hamit aka Kenzhi, Nugmanbek aka Polotbekov, Abdukerim adzhi Osmonov, Tursun adzhi Baraev, Mirzakim adzhi Adulov,
Tursun adzhi Kurbanov, Tavekkul aka Alem, Nizhat Akbarov.
In July of 1994, the conference of Uyghur women was organized
and conducted with the purpose of wider involvement of activists
to work, at which the Womens Council was created. Much work
has been done by it within the past period. Solemn meetings de35

voted to International Womens Day the 8th of March were to be

conducted. At the initiative of the Womens Council charity dinners
and concerts were organized regularly in Serafimovskiy Home for
elderly of Kant region, for children from boarding school, the blind
and the deaf. On this occasion, we would like to express a particular
gratitude to our dear mothers and sisters for their efforts and display
of mercy to children and old people. Work of the following persons
also should be noted: Gulaiym adzhi Kambarova, Gulbustan adzhi
Munarova, Chimengul ade Tilyakova, Mukkaddes Gabbasova and
Nailia Husainova.
Steps for formation of Uyghur youth organization were taken. Its
delegations have participated in work of the World Forum of Uyghur Youth in Almaty city in October of 1995, and at the II World
Meeting of Uyghur Youth in Munich city, in November of 1996.
Thereby, the last three years we actively and purposefully have
worked at expansion of the field of socio-political activity of Ittipak. As the result: Ittipak overgrew its clothes, and the circumstances were such that in the republic the whole net of Uyghur
organizations was formed or is ready to be formed. This is the natural process of development enabling us to cover more new areas of
life of our people, and to solve their problems more specifically and
widely.
In connection with formation of new organizations, some of our
fellow citizens suppose that Ittipak should confirm its commanding position in relation to appearing organizations. On this basis
the whole political struggle is springing up, and leaders of different
organizations are clashing.
Others on the contrary suppose that there is no need to form the
strict hierarchy, and to search the head. All these organizations have
their own coverage, its range of interests and it will be enough to
come to an agreement about coordination of efforts, for instance,
within the framework of the Association of Uyghur Organizations
of Kyrgyzstan.
36

Both viewpoints have their advantages and disadvantages. Delegates can and have the right to find their own position in this matter
and to take the appropriate decision. The main thing is that such
decision in order to please someone's political interests should not
run counter to requirements of life, and should assist in solving of
issues of nations and ensure its unity.
CULTURE AND EDUCATION
By tradition, already since first years of work of Ittipak, the most
important place in its activity was assigned to issues of retention
and development of the national culture, language and education.
At the same time, the work on retention and return of achievements
of the national idea, culture, art, popularization of nations traditions, and its glorious history to daily life of the nation is more
highlighted.
The prominent step in this regard became the first in history of Kyrgyzstan discovery of exposition devoted to Uyghur nation in M.V.
Frunze museum. Within the last 2,5 years more than 10 thousands
residents of the republic, generally, young people, have seen pieces
of this exposition.
The measures of Uyghur public in connection with the 70th anniversary of the eminent modern Uyghur scientist, Doctor of Philosophy Aziz Narynbaev, meetings with veterans of the National
Liberation Army of Eastern Turkestan and the Great Patriotic War,
commemoration meetings in memory of tragic events in Barin, in
memory of poet Abdrim Otkur, the commemoration meeting devoted to the 75th anniversary of Uyghur geologist Ahmetzhan Kibirov, the 80th anniversary of Ahmedzhan Kasimi and many others
measures were organized.
As already stated, our newspaper was actively highlighting pages
of Uyghur history.
The cultural activities differed with unusual breadth. Days of Uy37

ghur culture with participation of professional Uyghur artists, cultural figures from other countries and with active participation of
our creative groups were conducted every year in the reporting period. Conducting of such Days with participation of members of the
Government, Jogorku Kenesh, deputies, national cultural centers,
and many residents of the republic of all nations became one of the
important forms of popularization of early and original Uyghur folk
art, the means for wide familiarization of children and youth with
this treasury of the nation.

Education, Science and Culture in order to control impartiality of

evaluation of their knowledge in the process of entering and provide assistance. With the assistance of the society, today 10 Uyghur
students study at institutions of higher education inTurkey, 2 started to study religious education abroad, and at the request of the
Ministry of Education one entrant is recommended for study in the
USA. It assisted with organization of entering education in institutions of higher education of Kyrgyzstan: 9 students from Xinjiang
Uygur Autonomous Region and 1 from Turkey.

Expansion of contacts with professional artists and groups from

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomic Region should also be noted. Their concerts in the republic, meetings with public became already the yearly tradition. This enables us not just to take pleasure in folk art once
again, but to learn more about the life of our fellow countrymen.

500 alphabet books were purchased through entrepreneurs from

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and distributed among densely populated Uyghur areas in order to study Arabic writing system.

Some exhibitions devoted to works of Uyghur artists were organized by Ittipak in the reporting period, including exposition of
the 1st international exhibition together with the Association of Uyghur artists Min oi, exposition of the artist from Xinjiang Uygur
Autonomous Region Kerim Nasirdin, and artists Sabit Babadzhanov and Shavkat Tairov.
The guest performances of Uyghur musical comedy theater from
Almaty city were organized and conducted with great success. A
charity fundraising marathon was conducted for building an Uyghur theater in Almaty city.
Our creative groups conduct popularization of national art. Within four
years they conducted more than 30 concerts. They participated in all
governmental concerts during public holidays and important events.
Collection of books in Uyghur language has begun for formation of
the national library under Ittipak.
The Council was giving a special attention to education of the
youth. It made purposeful efforts to provide access for Uyghur
youth to higher education, including education abroad. The Council of Ittipak has sent a list of Uyghur entrants to the Ministry of
38

At the same time, issues of development and enrichment of the

cultural heritage require more efforts. Repeatedly, running foul of
the problem of lack of resources for these purposes, the Council of
Ittipak insufficiently used the opportunities of foreign and international organizations and funds, and was not insistent enough in
involving Uyghur businessmen and entrepreneurs, including those
residing in Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
for financing of education and culture.
At the present time, three special general Uyghur programs are
developed for solving matters concerning retention and return to
active being and increasing achievements of the national culture,
particularly the achievements of scientific and social idea. In this
regard we put high hopes in Uyghur educational institutions in Kyrgyzstan, number of which is needed to be increased using all available opportunities.
WORK WITH YOUTH
Rather more, insufficient attention was paid to the work with youth.
Two youth groups under association Ittipak were organized: one
headed by M. Ahmetov and another in the state farm Ala-Too
headed by K.Niiazov. They aim at managing the whole work with
39

youth on the basis of self-organization and self-management, upon

initiatives of youth itself. At the present time, one of these groups
promotes the project developed in Ittipak for creation of the Center of computer education for children and youth, it is sent to some
international funds, and presented to UNDP.
5 entertaining evenings for youth Uyghur-show were conducted
in 1995-1996.
Youth actively gets international general Uyghur contacts.
In the near future we reckon on formation of sufficiently strong
independent youth organizations capable to be deeply involved in
problems of youth, to determine and solve them.
We should already think about opportunities and forms of social
work with children.
SOLVING OF SOCIAL ISSUES
Ittipak did not have and does not have yet enough opportunities
to solve social issues of the Uyghurs on a minor scale.
Within the reporting period a material assistance was given to 107
families with insufficient material support, and assistance for organization of funeral was given to four families. Total 23170 soms
were allocated for these purposes. Five families have got the humanitarian aid through the fund Large family.
Ittipak participated in solving the question regarding the burial
place in Kok-Jar cemetery in 1995, and participates now when this
question arises again.
There were many private appeals of citizens on which measures
have been taken. In total, within these years more than 300 persons applied to Ittipak with different requests. Issues of the most
people were solved to one extent or another.

The necessity to form a single National Fund appeared, where under control of the Supervisory Board consisting of society we could
accumulate funds from all possible sources and channel them for
solving of both daily and prospective social issues requiring heavy
spending. Ittipak started negotiations with entrepreneurs on this
matter. Not all respond, many prefer to speak from the scaffold
about needs of people only for own political benefit, and immediately retreat when it comes to practical assistance. But there are
people who understand us. Among them, first of all, the following persons should be noted: Abdreim Azizov, Rozmamat Adzhi
Abdulbakiev, Yarmuhammed Halimov, Tursuntai Salimov, Dilshat
Husainov, Artyk Adzhi Hadzhiev, Abduvali Kurbanov, Abdurashit
and Tashtohti Sabitovs, Mavlian Ushurov and Mariam Salieva.
INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITY
The Government of Kyrgyzstan helps us solve our problems according to its possibilities, but we understand clearly that in such
uneasy transition period the country has not many such possibilities.
It is impossible to solve all our problems without active collaboration with all Uyghur organizations working in other countries, and
without assistance of international organizations.
Thereby, the Council of Ittipak gave particular attention to expansion of international cooperation, strengthening of relations
with international Uyghur organizations or with organizations being able to provide assistance to us.
Of course, here, the cooperation with Uyghur organizations in other
countries was in the forefront.

At the same time, we understand that we have not used all possibilities for expansion of the base for solving of social issues of people.

It is safe to say that today no one important event of general Uyghur

scale is carried out without participation of Ittipak. The companys delegation consisting of 6 persons participated in the 1st
World Kurultai of the Uyghurs devoted to discussion of issues of

40

41

the national movement and which was conducted in Istanbul in December 1992.
Only in the past year the representatives of Ittipak participated
in the II World Meeting of Uyghur youth in Munich, measures devoted to death anniversary of the famous Uyghur leader Aisa Yusup
Aliptekin, and in creation of the Fund named after him in Istanbul.
We also get invitations to participate in international events carried
out by international organizations, Turkic and Arabic countries.
In December 1993, the conference of Joint Committee of Nations
of Eastern Turkestan, Inner Mongolia and Tibet was carried out,
where the information about situation in Central Asia and problems of the Uyghurs were presented. The head of Ittipak Nurmuhammed Kenzhi was elected as Deputy Chairman of this Joint
Committee.
International seminars devoted to issues of legal protection of national minorities rights organized by OSCE Office of the High
Commissioner on National Minorities, issues of political concord
conducted by US National Democratic Institute, measures in connection with the 5th anniversary of death of Aiatolla Homeini by
invitation of the Embassy of Iran, scientific theoretical conference
on problems of Eastern Turkestan in Istanbul, and the conference
on human rights at Colombian University, New York city organized by the Joint Committee of nations of Eastern Turkestan, Inner
Mongolia and Tibet were carried out with participation of Ittipak
representatives.
Representatives of Ittipak actively participated in activity of the
International antinuclear movement Nevada-Semipalatinsk, its
Lop Nor division, which subsequently was reorganized into independent antinuclear movement Lop Nor. This movement organized protest actions against nuclear tests in China by picketing the
Chinese embassy in Bishkek. International scientific conference
For nuclear-free Central Asia was conducted together with the
42

Kyrgyz Republic Academy of Sciences in August of 1994.

In August of 1993, the head of Ittipak as a member of parliamentary delegation met with deputies of the Great National Majlis
of Turkey, and in March of 1994 with US congressmen. Questions concerning position of Uyghur nation and its problems were
brought up and discussed at these meetings.
The representatives of Ittipak are also invited and participate in
all ceremonial events conducted by embassies of countries accredited in the Kyrgyz Republic.
And all that is not just formal meetings. During such meetings,
problems of the Uyghurs of Kyrgyzstan begin to be a world public issue. We find like-minded persons, people and organizations
which are ready to help us.
The management of Ittipak considers necessary to expand the
international activity in future, to use its possibilities for solving of
our problems more full.
Particularly, it is necessary to note the necessity to strengthen relations with Uyghur organizations, and simply relations with the
public at large in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is not
allowed because of irreconcilable vies of some Uyghur politicians
in relation to an official management of China to refuse possibilities to contact and cooperate with 30 millions people living on their
historical native land.
Ittipak, being the public organization, is standing now on the eve
of a new stage in its activity. Formation period is finished, major
areas of work are planned, and a sufficiently wide group of activists is created. Unlike last years, from the self-affirmation period,
now the matter depends on expansion of daily work in all directions
with wide participation of people. The works intended for solving
of imperious problems of people, improvement of their life, and
development of the ancient Uyghur people according to time level
and world civilization process on the eve of XXI century.
43

Statement delivered by NUR MUHAMMAD KARAHAN,

the Director of Information and Projects Center in Central Asia
at theoretical and practical conference titled as:
BROAD SCALE OPENING UP EXPANSION TO THE NORTHWEST AND SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT
IN AREAS INHABITED BY ETHNICAL MINORITIES
(Urumqi, Xinjiang-Uyghur Autonomous Region of China.
October 8, 2001).

ECONOMY OF OPENING UP land EXPANSION

AND ECOLOGY OF ETHNICITIES
Most esteemed ladies and gentlemen,
We have been living for a long time. The Uyghur people along with
the Chinese people measure their lifetime not by years or decades
but by centuries and thousands of years of their existence.
We have been living together for a long time. The eras of wars and
hostility were being replaced by eras of peace and trade intercourses, but our ethnicities have not ceased and will never cease to live
as good neighbors, we have nowhere else to leave for or move to.
We have been living for a long time and have seen a lot. During the
recent centuries we have witnessed the Western World originating,
developing, and gaining its global power having grown into a civilization of technology, pragmatism, and money.
Today we are all witnessing how the such type manufacturing systems having gained their power are expanding all over the globe
occupying more and more of the new territories, more and more of
the new ethnicities.
Is that Good or Evil? What are the ways the humanity and regions
of the planet should develop? What is the economical growth price
due that we can pay?
You are all well aware that today even in the very Western countries
there is a mass movement unfolding and gaining its momentum
44

against merciless exploitation of the world resources to the interests

of the global financial and industrial monopolies that for the sake
of own profits are ready to transform the entire planet into a cheap
workforce left to work for scanty earnings reward and to be satisfied with consumption of cheap food, cheap culture products, cheap
ethics products. Except for a dozen of the countries, the rest of the
world gets rated among the third world countries.
Corrosion created by globalization forces covers the world with
ulcers of the unresolved contrasts between the wealth and the poverty, between prosperity and abject misery, omnipotence and impotency, between justice and a strong ones right, violence, between
the good and the evil.
I am not a prophet, but the humanity is entering a millennium when
the very matter of its existence is being challenged. In these terms,
the twentieth century with its wars and social shocks has been just
a modest prelude.
The East having always lived within the paradigm of prioritizing
human neighborliness and spirituality, as it is gradually taking to
the logics of development of the Western world undergoes real
threats and faces the need to resolve more and more of problems
stemming from globalization processes.
These threats undoubtedly include the hazard of ethnical cataclysms. Ethnic systems, ethnical identity and origin have no relevant place within the unitized, depersonalized, and consumption
oriented world. They are trampled over as it pleases the profits,
uncontrollable economic terror, and commonplace mass culture
products.
We, the Uyghurs, have lived and are living on lands now belonging
to several states as it has been brought about by the will of historical circumstances. All of these countries differ by their economical
regimes, levels of social development, political powers and weight.
But all of them fall within a common category the developing
countries category.
45

Taken by the Western global financial and economical structures

perspective, all of these countries composing the Central Asian region are considered to be a cheap raw resources polygon, cheap
workforce and consumption market for cheap products of transnational corporations. And the majority of the Central Asian countries
are compelled by the stream to yield to such development logics
falling in a heavier dependency on the western capitals, and as a
result, giving their own riches as buying-off farming of their people
to the neocolonizers.
A different way, alternative to this one, has been demonstrated by
the Peoples Republic of China which has chosen an independent
self-sustaining development of its own economy. This way is perceived as the right one and as the attractive one for many former
USSR countries including huge Russia. There is even a term coined
Chinese development way which is well thought and spoken of
by many CIS leaders.
Within the course of this conference we have learned a lot about the
prospects and scopes of the opening up economical expansion to the
North-West. They are truly grandiose. Firstly, due to the economical
potential of the region being grandiose, being a genuine storehouse
of resources and habitat for hard working people. The nature and
people of this region possess enormous opportunities for development, for creating life abundant for the multiple millions of people
who have lived here historically and are still living presently.
But just like any large-scaled, broadly expanding cause, opening up
expansion to the North-West demands for particular attention and
thorough estimate of both the ways for new economical promotion
and its possible results and consequences. It is also clear that not all
of them shall be positive.
The present conference dedicated to opening up expansion to the
North-West and the problems that emerge out of these processes for
the ethnicities living here testifies that there is an understanding of
this danger.
46

Primarily, the matter of land. Already today as per estimates of

various experts, negative ecological consequences of economic activity are visible in this unique region of the world with a fragile
ecosystem.
A hazard is caused by large scale soil salinization; the ground waters are being as well put under the hazard of salinization throughout at least one half of cultivated land in Tarim valley.
As a result of economical growth, the population in the territory has
nearly doubled.
Intense development in the petrochemical industry brings negative
affects to the ecological situation.
If scales of economical activity increase that in fact is inevitable,
the effects created would be even more devastating.
Nevertheless that does not mean that we are to take a stand against
the economical expansion to the North-West, to promote the ideas
of life conservation in the area. That should not be the case due to
at least one single reason of having to care about enhancing living
standards of the people here, reducing the poverty, and raising the
consumption functional quality. Moreover, we believe the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, located at the very center of the
transeurasian routes ought to function as a sophisticated communicational technology region, world trade center, informational
heart of Eurasia.
Moreover, that implies that it is already about time for expansion
programs to be designed and implemented, along with the environmental situation, human life conditions, and monitoring mechanisms for the life activity in the area. Not a single project related
to economical expansion in a region must be approved and undertaken without such internal ecological safety systems.
We are convinced that for these purposes it is important and rationally justified to perform an independent ecological expertise of the
region and then regular ecological monitoring.
47

The word independent means on one hand not be controlled by

the state administrative authorities and the business circles, and on
another hand to include representatives of the ethnical groups occupying the region. This will not only provide for avoiding biased
presentations by the local authorities, but also for undermining
foundation for any speculations, for instance, on the Uyghur problem that may be lucrative to a number of geopolitical players. A lot
of western specialists speak directly about the matters of ecocide in
this region. Forming a credible scientific control over the ecological situation with the national and international experts drawn into
it will eliminate these problems.

narrowed. These are heavy burden losses which may become irreversible as time takes its toll. We are bitterly disappointed witnessing a generation arising that expresses preferences for migration to
the West, for worshipping the money, for speaking English in daily
lives, neglecting and forgetting ethnical songs, customs and traditions.

But traditional ecological approach reflects only one part of a complex combination of problems that is to be faced along the opening up economical expansion within Tarim. Obviously, these large
scale transitions will create effects and concerns for not only
the environment, but the entire ethnicities which are even more
important.

For us, Uyghurs, this bears a particular importance as we find ourselves living simultaneously in several different countries.

I live and work in Kyrgyzstan, used to be a deputy in the Parliament, and I can say that the first decade of independence experience
in the Kyrgyz Republic and transition of it towards the new social
and economical practical principles have brought a whole set of
problems bearing ethnocultural and even ethnogenetical character.
First of all, they are related to the processes that took place during
the economical transition, particularly cardinal transformation of
behavioral stereotypes, human lifestyles and human activities. The
common and habitual setups are broken, conventional activities
and occupations disappear, human intercourses change.
Moreover, primarily the ethnical identity and genuine origin suffer.
The traditional ethnical structures and community systems come to
a state of contradiction to free market mechanisms, systems, intercourses. There is less and less space left for the ethnical identity,
traditional values, and moral principles of a nation. The ethnical
language and culture grow shattered, and have their influence zone
48

We must draw a lesson for ourselves out of the ethnical conflicts

breaking out and tearing many regions of the world apart and come
to grasp that neglecting the ethnical substantial element of development, losing the ethnical identity to please the unitization and
globalization lead humanity towards an abyss and degradation.

The majority is in China. But over 500 000 Uyghurs live beyond
its borders. They all are connected to those living in Xinjiang by
thousands intertwining threads. These are family ties, birth kinship
ties, joint business relations. Uyghurs have kept their ethnical unity
safe in spite of the state borders, along with the mutually exchanging informational flows, general position towards other nations,
countries. We overall share very similar estimate of the situation
with the Uyghurs in China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and in other
countries up to Canada. Close internal unity is also proved by the
sensitive migration among Uyghurs both inside the habitat areas
and outside far abroad.
On the other hand, processes happening within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, leave none of us indifferent, for there is
the heart of the Uyghurs. And all of those Uyghurs living outside
of Chinese borders are always ready to respond to any changes in
our compatriots statuses. We would sincerely like to restore the
autonomous region to a status of area collecting and reuniting Uyghurs as a native origin.
Those are an internal complex set of reasons that lead us to believe
that any plans related to such serious transformations in the life
49

of our people like opening up expansion to the North-West will

not reach success if they do not orientate to the Uyghur people
as a unified whole and to the potentials of all of the Uyghur diasporas within the countries neighboring with China.
But speaking of the Uyghur people, there are external bases to
closely connect success of any beginnings in opening up expansion to the North-West to a necessity to consider and have a vision
for the entire Uyghur ethnical area. Uyghurs traditionally have occupied a quite clear spot within the international labor allocation,
within the economic intercourse system both in the region and in
the world. They always knew their role on the Great Silk Route
this world economy blood circulatory backbone.
As well, I think that today the traditionally close internal Uyghur
ties may take a significant role in developing international economic cooperation in the region, economical ties between the Central
Asian countries and China.
And this bears a principal importance since the very development
of the region spoken about today would undoubtedly besides the
inner Chinese vector have western and northern vector dominants.
Similarly, the resources of the neighboring countries interested in
economical interaction with China may take a significant role in
developing the North-West. I am talking about transport communications, commuting routes, energy flows, raw material resources.
Due to these reasons we are convinced that the state authorities of
China and Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region must pay a substantial attention to working with the ethnical groups occupying its
habitat area all over the Central Asia: the Uyghurs, the Kazakhs,
the Kyrgyz.
For these purposes, we particularly have offered them to implement
a whole series of projects designated to support ethnic development
among the Uyghurs. And we are satisfied with the circumstances of
having found an understanding.
The work on drawing an Uyghur unifying informational network
50

in Central Asia has begun, the matters of opening Uyghur schools

in the countries neighboring China are at a stage of being resolved,
along with the matters of holding Uyghur Central Asian public organizations leaders meeting in Urumqi, possibilities of launching a
number of corporate business projects are being discussed, as well
as publishing childrens literature in Uyghur, and expanding the
cultural exchange.
These are only the first steps. We are convinced that they shall be
followed by the next ones.
We believe these efforts are to be undertaken on a long term basis.
This may be done through creating a regularly functioning working group affiliated with the Xinjiang Uyghur region government
which will include representatives from Uyghur organizations in all
the Central Asian countries and possibly far abroad.
Meanwhile, we work on establishing an International Uyghur
Foundation abroad for development programs support, establishing
a Central Asian Uyghur Organizations Union, or forming organizational mechanisms to develop our nation, enhance its welfare and
develop Uyghur science and culture.
We hope for assistance and cooperation from the respected and esteemed scholars participating in the present conference who represent major academic and scientific centers in China, and other
countries with the Uyghur informational and projecting center over
Central Asia in all the problems concerning the Uyghur people.
All of our efforts are pulled together for one cause providing means
for development of the Uyghurs who are an anciently emerged and
largely grown ethnicity having made a significant contribution to
human civilization development.
We hope that the opinions, recommendations, suggestions expressed by the participants at this conference will also facilitate the
cause and will move us further towards reaching this objective.
We trust the land of Tarim shall be blessed in the ages to come
51

and shall remain to be friendly and kind even as it has been to

those who have inhabited it and loved it.
We believe that we will manage to store safe and multiply its
riches so that they continue to serve the nation in the times to
come!
Statement delivered by
NUR MUHAMMAD KARAHAN,
the Director of Information and Projects Center in Central Asia
at the III Eastern Turkistan (Uyghurstan) National Congress
(Euro parliament Quarters, Brussels, Belgium.
October 17, 2001).

THREE PERSPECTIVES ON UYGHUR

PROBLEMS
Dear fellow compatriots!
If we are to talk about the entire Uyghur nation and not only about
those living outside the borders of their original Motherland, there
are three different positions regarding China as a state.
The first one is held by the majority of the Uyghur population inhabiting the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. They
are quite concerned with the Chinese ethnical expansion to the
North-West, particularly in the area of tapping the natural resources in this rich region and with the expanding predominance of the
Chinese bureaucratic officials. The environmental and ecological
issues are also of a great concern to Uyghurs today.
But I repeat it again that to the majority of Uyghurs living in their
Motherland, the issue does not sound exactly like the agenda
brought up at the present conference does. Yes, there are certain
issues in relations with the Chinese administration, they agree. But
the issues are not critical enough to begin waging national warfare for liberalizing Uyghurstan. Most consistently this position has
been expressed by the Uyghur leaders who are official authority
52

representatives within that region. They raise matters of drawing

national resources for development undertakings in the province,
matters of environmental safety and protection, creating equal opportunities for all ethnical groups and particularly for the native
population of the area, they try to strengthen and expand the ethnical autonomy.
Overall, as a person who has lived a part of his life in a Communist state I can say that people living inside a Communist system
usually do not perceive it as critically. For them, it is just all about
their regular conventional lifestyle challenging in terms of having
to provide for their families, to provide their children with education opportunity, to be able to run their own business successfully,
but amongst them there is certainly no liberalization from the
Communist occupation problem. The very notion of freedom
is relative.
What is perceived by the Western world and interpreted by the
Western media as a near genocide of the Uyghur nation, often does
not invoke a similar reaction among the Uyghur population itself,
or it does not invoke any reaction at all.
That is a reality for one group.
The others generally emigrants living far abroad in relation to
Uyghurstan, have a more sensitive perception of the freedom matters regarding the Uyghur nation. Having encountered and experienced freedom paradigms operating in the Western society, having breathed the air there, they can no more tolerate situation with
their Motherland. The majority of these compatriots deem all and
any means even most radical ones to be appropriate for gaining
independence and statehood for the Uyghur nation. They demand
separation of Uyghurstan from China without due consideration of
the presently governing international legal norms and being ready
to contradict them.
With China being a Communist country, the anticommunist forces actively speculate on it and promote their efforts on our cause
53

as a combat on communism. I think that if China did not have a

communist government, if it were a world economic club member,
many of those presently supporting the Uyghurs would not do it.
The situation with the Kurds, the Irish, the Basques and many other
nations struggling to obtain their own statehood testifies to that. In
that case, all of us present here would be classified as international
terrorists.
I belong to a group of Uyghurs that stick to the third line. Its foundational principles are ultimately simple: there is one main value
and key objective to provide for survival and development of
the Uyghurs an ancient nation that has made a priceless contribution to the human history, to civilization development, and which
is part of global human heritage. That is our historical mission as
Uyghurs living in this age.
All of the other goals should lead people only if they facilitate
reaching this one key goal, if their implementation indeed serves
the interests of the Uyghur people and its ethnical development.
Second important principle we advocate is the Uyghur sovereignty. We imply not just statehood sovereignty, but something of a
higher order a national sovereignty.
We, the Uyghurs, have lived and are living on lands that presently
belong to several different states, as it has been brought about by
the will of historical circumstances. All of these countries differ
by their political and historical systems, by their living standards
and life conditions, by their official position on the Uyghur people
problems. For us, the interests of the Uyghurs as a nation come
before the interests of the countries where Uyghurs presently live.
That means that we support and will support the governmental policies of these countries if it serves interests of the Uyghur people,
its development, or creates the necessary conditions for them. And,
on the opposite, we shall object even in an abrupt way if necessary,
any intentions and actions of the local authorities directed against
the Uyghur nation, hindering it from preservation and developing
54

its identity.
With that logic, for instance, we suggested the Chinese authorities
to implement a whole series of projects oriented to supporting the
Uyghur ethnical development. And we are satisfied with the understanding we found.
The efforts on creating a unified Uyghur national network in Central Asia have been launched, there are decisions made to create
Uyghur schools in the countries neighboring China, to hold a meeting in Urumqi for the leaders of national Uyghur nongovernmental
organizations in Central Asian countries, and there are matters discussed of a number of business projects, publishing childrens literature in the Uyghur language, and expanding cultural exchange.
Those are only the first steps. We are confident that they will be followed by other ones.
We deem it is necessary to put these work efforts on a long term
basis. It may be possible to provide for by forming a continuously
functioning working group representing us in the Governmental
bodies of the Xingjian Uyghur Autonomous Region which will
include representatives of all the Uyghur organizations registered
with the Central Asian countries and, possibly, with the far abroad
countries.
Meanwhile we are working abroad to create an International Uyghur fund supporting development programs. The Central Asian
Union of Uyghur organizations should be forming organizational
mechanisms for the unified Uyghur consolidation, for joined participation in resolving the matters of development of our nation,
enhancement of its well being, developing Uyghur culture and science.
Unfortunately, there is often a stereotype built in the countries neighboring China that being Uyghur is equal to being anti-Chinese. Recent years, after the relations between Central Asian countries and
China have normalized and strengthened, the border marks issues
have been successfully resolved, and even a joint security system
55

within the framework of Shanghai agreements began to be shaped,

the governments of these countries that undertook a policy towards
Uyghurs is based on that stereotype. We, in practice, encounter a
tendency of any efforts supporting the Uyghur national development being immediately regarded as possible attempts for separatism, as anti-Chinese ones, and they look for the Uyghur back up
behind any actual anti Chinese undertakings.
This phenomenon is taken by us as one of the most serious threats
for the Uyghur national movement and for the nation, as a whole.
Particularly, it is dangerous today when world community after
the terrifying tragedies in the United States of America is actively
seeking means to combat the global terrorism and the terrorists.
This should not be taken to witch-hunt type efforts. It is improper
to label entire nations as terrorists and undertake a discriminatory
policy against them. And this is something we would like to be
paid attention to by the international and western communities concerned with the Uyghur peoples fate.
We are seriously concerned by the migration trends among the Uyghurs. Obviously, none of the Asian countries where the Uyghurs
live is not attractive economically. That is why every year there are
more and more Uyghurs striving to move to the developed countries leaving their Motherland. As a rule, they are the most socially
active and energetic part of the nation. They are either young, or
successful entrepreneurs. The migration in itself is not a purely
negative factor. But it depends on the set of factors involved.
Illegal manner of migration, absence of assistance systems and services, commonly hostile attitude towards the migrants convert migration from being something good, being a hope for the better to a
national tragedy and its genocide.
In Kyrgyzstan where I live I see the part of the Uyghur youth striving for education growing larger and stronger. Annually dozens and
dozens of young Uyghurs come to Kyrgyzstan from China hoping
to be granted an opportunity of a higher education in Kyrgyzstan,
56

Russia, and in the West. They are not satisfied with the quality of
education available in their motherland which is also not easily accessed.
From the perspective of considering the Uyghur nations future,
today is a critical turning point. If the world is not able to give us an
opportunity to train our children in our own country by ourselves,
then we are entitled to at least demand the world community to undertake exclusive efforts to provide the Uyghur youth with an easy
access to a quality education of the world rated levels. The UNESCO, other international organizations, numerous non governmental
funds today express educational preferences for the countries challenged in their development. But these countries at least have state
obligations in the area of educating their population. We do not
have such an opportunity.
Global and European international structures could initiate and
implement an Education for people special program stipulating
a special annual quota pull within the major universities in Europe
and the United States for the Uyghur youth at least for the next 20
years.
As we see it, significant role in the education support could be
played through creating Uyghur educational centers in all the countries where Uyghurs live. First of all, it is important for the Central
Asian countries where Uyghurs live by large compact groups. Having an unlimited Internet access, the centers would not only become
informational windows into the world, but also allow for distant
education of the youth. Studying Uyghur history, culture, and language of course can be concentrated around these structures. As
per our estimates, to create such a unifying Uyghur informational
and educational network will require not more than half a million
US Dollars, which should not cause problems to the Western funds.
This may sound paradoxical to the present audience, but I would
like to say that Communist regime already does not exist in China
for a long time. Probably, the only thing besides the party com57

mittees that still reminds of it are governmental omnipotence and

absolute control, dominance of state interests over interests of an
individual. But such type of social order is common not only in
communist societies, it is a general order for the eastern, so called
closed, or traditional societies. In this sense China remains to be
similar to what it has been like for thousands of years. One being in
a European rural area or at the Potomac river banks may of course
scold and criticize the system, but one should not forget that it allowed the Chinese nation to survive all these thousands of years as
opposite to many others who have gone into a non-existence, and
preserve its might and population's numerical superiority. Nobody
is aware of how long an American type democracy will last. Already today, after only 300 years it started to show disease symptoms interpreted by some as the end symptoms. From those positions it is at least absurd to teach China what ways to undertake. It
is more probably that all the rest should be concerned about how
they would cope with China and the East overall.
The events that have taken place after September 11th revealed that
nobody on the planet has a right to consider itself a supreme judge
or a lord over other nations. The new world order will be arranged
not based on a strong ones rights but on recognition of any nations
rights within the international relations. An alternative to that is
only a global war. I think that this is important to understand from
the point of view of China, USA, Russia and any other country that
considers itself of having a special role in the global fate. A special
role is about major, strong, powerful states needing to acknowledge
and take a larger responsibility for other nations fates, but not considering them something not more than their interests zone.
I would like to wish all of us to treat each other respectfully, to learn
to understand each other and to learn to help each other.

58

Statement delivered by
NUR MUHAMMAD KARAHAN,
the Director of Information and Projects Center in Central Asia
at the III Eastern Turkistan (Uyghurstan) National Congress
(Euro parliament Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium.
October 18-19, 2001).

ABOUT THE PRESENT SITUATION

Dear fellow compatriots!
Dear Guests of the Kurultay!
Today we have gathered here in a close circle as opposed to the first
day, and I would like to talk not about general problems relevant today, and not about Uyghurs problems that exist globally, but about
our internal issues, about the Uyghur movement and its character.
And cover the blueprint for efforts that we think should be invested
in order to change the presently unfavorable situation.
You are all well aware of the realities within the Uyghur national
movement where there have been disorder and confusion ruling for
years. There are numerous organizations incorporated in different
parts of the world claiming to represent national interests on a legitimate basis. Each one of them has its own leaders considering
themselves as sole and authentic national leaders.
What can be said about this matter? First of all, it is very positive that our nation raises such an outstanding number of influential
leaders forward. It is our wealth. I do not believe that we are to distinguish only one leader as some call others to do, and then let the
rest of us adhere to him alone and do everything as he or she says.
Firstly, I do not believe that it should be so because no one is going
to approve it anyway. I have a genuine respect for the organizing
board of the present Congress for their contribution to the Uyghur
movement. Thanks to the efforts of the distinguished and honored
Enver Jan and Askar Jan, this is already a third time that we have
a privilege of gathering together and discussing our issues, defining
59

the tasks. That bears extreme importance.

But today I do not see many of the eminent figures of the Uyghur
movement here, without whom it is not just impossible to achieve
any success and progress, but also hard to claim any legitimacy
of our Congress. We all have different perception and attitudes towards each other. But even the most irreconcilable ones cannot deny
that it is hard to imagine or frame the Uyghur movement without
Omer Kanat, one of the founders and leaders of the Union of the
Eastern Turkistaners in Europe, one of the founders and chairmen
of the Youth Movement, an experienced politician and journalist;
Mamet Imin Hazret, a talented writer of political essays, author,
first General Secretary of the World National Center for the Eastern
Turkistan, a famous public figure; Anvar Yusup, a bright Uyghur
culture propagandist in America, the director of the national liberation Eastern Turkistan Center in America; Emin Qashqari, a major
and authoritative businessman, a genuine patriot of his nation; Doctor Abdukadir Tash, chief editor of Arabic newspaper in English,
scholar; Doctor Abdul Aziz an experienced manager in mass media, presently a high ranking official with the governmental bodies
of the Kingdom of the Saudi Arabia; Mehmet Imin Batur, a General Secretary of the Eastern Turkistan Culture Society in Turkey;
Dolkun Aysa, the Uyghur Youth World Congress Chairman. Not
even mentioning numerous other people, for instance ones from
Central Asian republics who have dozens and dozens of thousands
of adherents and associates. They are real leaders even not being
necessarily seen or recognized by some people from here, from Europe, or America due to non-willingness or inability to do so of the
latter. Meanwhile those are the people far from the global political
beau monde who daily work on peoples problems, work to raise
their well-being and to enhance their education and culture.
The other reason why I do not see a need to be concerned much
about a sole leadership position is a tremendous complexity of objectives that we are facing. The world has changed before our eyes
60

in a radical way. Today this is not any longer a world that we dealt
with fifty, twenty, and even five years ago. Today, say, the key factor defining a nations fate is not even a matter of its statehood.
Back then, when many in the West were expecting China to have a
fate of the Soviet Union, the colossus to collapse with Dan Syaopin
leaving and Uyghurstan becoming a reality, similar to the reality of
the ex-Soviet empire states gaining sovereignty, it was clear to us
that one is not to put the Uyghurs fate in dependence on the matter
of their statehood.
The real experience of the newly independent states revealed back
then, and is revealing even more convincingly today that the statehood in itself does not only guarantee for national development,
but often throws nations decades back in their development. Even
today, after a decade passed, none of the states which used to be a
part of the USSR, reached living standards that were there before
the Union collapsed. Many of those, including the Central Asian
countries, do not expect to reach them in the visible future neither.
The greatest achievement so far in the most democratic state of
the Central Asia has been approving a poverty elimination program,
since the official estimates indicate that 53 per cent of the Kyrgyzstan population live below poverty line and some experts claim that
the number is around 80 per cent. And the implementation of the
program is mostly set in a direct dependency upon provision of
foreign loans.
In the new realities the nations fates are determined by different
courses than just forms of societal organization. Today all over the
world the states become historical rudiments, archaic. Completely
different phenomena and processes determine human development.
Globalization sweeping everything off on its way and blurring all
the borders, sets a completely different tissue for the societal progress, other values and priorities. Russian and Indian programmers
working in America, Japanese capitals and Chinese products being
61

all over the globe, unifying European currency being out there,
these are all manifestations of the metastatehood, superstatehood
orders.
Does this mean that we are to remove the agenda of the Uyghur
statehood? Are the fates of the dozens of sovereign states of the
Third World able to convince us that it is not about having or not
having own state? Did the events that happened in the most developed country of the world the USA not convince us that even
that such a powerful state is not able to provide security to its own
citizens? Do states exist in the contemporary world to facilitate
safety and development of their own populations? And finally, did
the great and powerful Uyghur states that existed before ever have
borders or were they ever recognized by anyone?
There is only one answer to all these questions no!
So, what then should we do as ones claiming to be national Uyghur
leaders?
Should we then only think and endlessly argue about a proper name
being Uyghurstan or Eastern Turkestan, which of our political
organizations truly represent the peoples interests, who is more
leader among the leaders, who will be supported by 2.3% of the
Uyghurs and who will get 2.4 % adherents?
Is that significant at all?
The situation with the Uyghurs is such that it is presently being a matter of civilization survival. Either we stay at a historical
ditch and in historical annals, or the Uyghurs will be able to return
as it used to be before, onto the backbone line of the progress and
set the standards.

one of those who is able and is willing to work, just based on him
not willing to recognize someone else as a leader?
We have to, if not refuse the political ambitions on a whole, cease
to be sustained by those ambitions alone. Did the long decades after
the year of 1949 of fruitless political squabbles not teach us anything? What way have they benefited the nation?
Politicians always claim to lead people and being adhered to. I think
the problem is that we all understand it poorly that the Uyghurs do
not need to be led or taken anywhere.
We, the new Uyghur movement, believe that it is time to move
from political talk and vain to practical program work in real framing of the Uyghur people development, its return to the backbone
routes of the human civilizations. Today we are to finally pull all
the Uyghur efforts around the core issue: fate of the Uyghurs as a
nation.
As we suppose, there are methods and organizational mechanisms
to be considered that would allow for coordinated and cooperated
efforts of all the Uyghur organizations, all the Uyghur leaders. If
we fail to do it, we will continue to gather the Congresses each in
his own country for the next fifty years, while the people will keep
losing its place in history and the world community.
We think that we need to start the practical work right after the
Congress in drawing the mechanisms for the corporate national dialogue. In order to do that, we think we need to work within three
major directions.

Can we afford in this situation to refuse a hand stretched by at least

The first one. We need to seek an opportunity and a form for creating the joint national Elders counsel. I would not like to name the
names at the moment, but we could determine a list of the most
authoritative Uyghurs throughout different regions with a rating
survey. Then the list needs to be published on the Internet, presented to all the organizations and leaders, and their opinion should
be heard. Our Central Asian informational and projecting center

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63

We have fallen behind and presently need tension, pulling all the
national efforts. We are to accumulate and combine the efforts using everything available to us.

and I personally could perform such preliminary work and present

the results to the Uyghur community and with the assistance of the
named above special procedures also present the drawn proposals
about the composition of the Counsel. Next stage could be framing suggestions on the Counsel functioning order, should it gather
forms for collective counsel, and also try to draw the agenda to be
discussed by the Elders Council.
The second one. We ought to think of how to connect all those numerous Uyghur organizations incorporated all over the globe into
a unified organizational knot. Many of them take different ideological positions, differently interpret various relevant issues of our
movement, support different leaders. Let it be so! We should not
push anyone into anywhere or compel anybody to merge. But we
definitely are capable of gathering together as all the leaders of the
organizations and negotiate principles and protocols of the joint
work, and of interaction. To start, at least with the matters that look
obvious to all of us. To start, at least to cover the procedural, technical issues! If we undertake active preparatory measures, we will be
able to draw all the Uyghur organizations together by the end of the
next year. Beside resolving the organizational issues, determining
the order for the unified Uyghur interaction and coordination, this
authoritative gathering could listen to the Elders opinions that by
that moment hopefully will be formed, it shall define the agenda
and the position on the most principal matters of the national development.

organizations for discussion, as well as to all the leaders, and of

course, the Councill.
I address the Congress participants with a request to share their
opinions on our proposals, and present their proposals in order to
trace the practical and efficient unified national action program together, and to start implementing it.
We firmly believe in the Uyghur national unity!
We are convinced that the generation of the Uyghur politicians,
entrepreneurs, scholars, public figures living presently will be
able to make the crucial steps towards the Uyghur national sovereignty, towards the unity of its national action, towards its
development!

THE UYGHURS NEED TO BUILD SOCIETY

One of characteristic features of provincial, particularly of national press is language. Not taking into account a cover from
dry and bureaucratic stamps, it is peremptory, thoroughly
mixed up on emotions because of that the conclusions are represented as a sticky label capable to pervert the steadiest idea
about a person on whom the label was stuck. And possibly only
one protection from this is a personal acquaintance with the
person who is thrown by propagandistic inquisitors on an executioner's block.

The third one. It is extremely acute and relevant for us to start

framing the national development strategy. We have now started to
work on creating a special group of experts, determining its working program, and seeking the resources for it. That will take us
2-3 years or a bit more, as per our estimates and the specialists
opinion. Once we are able to co-organize and launch the process,
we propose to actively draw all the activists to framing the strategy, presenting the results of the specialists work to all the Uyghur

I know Nur Muhammad Kendzhiev due to many conferences

which are conducted by UNESCO chair of world cultures and
religions of KRSU and in which he takes the most active participation, being distinguished by surprisingly soft manner for
the public figure to defend his views. Thereby it distressed me
more to read that...

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65

For instance, what can you think about the person openly touching issues which he does not understand? He also does not un-

derstand what role is played by the state in social development of

people. Moreover, he does not have the foggiest idea about the
history and culture of his people. I would find difficult to quarrel
with the statement of authors that such person should be among
mad animals of our people which gulp leftovers of food of their
owners. The result is something like that let werewolves, carrion
crows and scavengers in the likeness of angels to raise difficulties
because people will never forget names of traitors which in years
of ordeals have kicked away the native land, and will nail them to
the pillory of history.
All the more so, among 15 persons undersigned the opinion on National independence and the national state, published in March
issue of the newspaper Ittipak, names are rather significant:
Aziz Narynbaev the Honoured Science Worker of Kyrgyzstan,
the honorary academician of the National Academy of Sciences of
Kyrgyzstan, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Rozmuhamed Abdulbaki the chairman of a society of the Uyghurs of Kyrgyzstan
Ittipak, Muzapparkhan Kurban the editor-in-chief of Uyghur
newspaper Vizhdan Avazi, Tursun Islam the chairman of a human rights movement Democracy, Sabit Babadzhan the Honoured Art Worker of Kyrgyzstan, the honorary member of the Californian University of the USA, Rahimzhan Hafiz the vice-dean of
Uyghur department of the Kyrgyz State National University, and so
on. And with what labels authors of the letter in support of group
of intellectuals have awarded this person...

meant by Uyghurstan (SUAR), which since XVIII century has been

included in China, as well as Chelik region of Alma-Ata oblast of
Kazakhstan and a number of eastern regions of Kyrgyzstan.
Essentially that is so, though other interpreters diffidently limit
their claims by Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region frameworks. In any case, these limits should not be perceived in time
of XIX century. And even in time of XX century. Today is XXI
century. And every person with good and adequate sense should
see unprecedented precipitancy of time of the last 10-15 years.
I underline that this precipitancy does not concern events, but
it concerns time, because it turns out that there are too many
events for any certain analysis, the overwhelming majority of
which with certainty can be referred to historical events. Including formation of 15 sovereign states on fragments of the
USSR, including externally opposite event organization of the
European Union from part of European countries.
But almost all these events go into logic of one process which
at the end of XX century transferred from condition of system
into condition of working infrastructure. This process is globalization.
And globalization is established by setting order and sometimes
not always by peace means...

As I know the territory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is

Exactly. And this process passes on space where Shanghai Organization of Cooperation promptly finds confidence (SOC),
key positions in which are hold by China and Russia and in
which Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan play a sufficiently prominent part. Shanghai Organization of Cooperation very quickly
approved its infrastructure that confirms good prospects of the
organization joining quarter of the population of the whole earth.
The same evaluation is contained in words of the head of China
Jan Jemin, he has expressed a view that today there are favorable conditions for creation of the nice future. Words from

66

67

How such honored workers, this group of intellectuals could be

touched to cause a reaction against them?
I did not agree with my opponents and with some my teachers
that today the national liberation struggle for the state sovereignty is necessary for Uyghur people. Of course, in this case
independence within the limits of Uyghurstan.

the mutual declaration of V. Putin and George Bush, where the

necessity to make common cause for general welfare of Eurasia
is underlined, sound in the same way.

sums of money to the governments of the countries. Deo gratias

that I am not related to government officials. But, I want to note that
the same issue of the magazine says about another thing:

So that, at our time, calling to national liberation struggle is at

least reckless, if not provocative. In any case, I am certain that
such calls run counter to interests of general part of the Uyghurs.
Particularly it concerns the Uyghurs living in state boundaries of
China. And, I suppose it is time to remind wise words of Muamar
Kaddafi, the leader of Libyan Arab Jamahiriya who recently called
Islamic fundamentalists of Eurasia to stop the active struggle, and
concerning the Chechen Republic, he said, that it is much better for
this republic to be part of strong Russia, than to exhaust itself in a
senseless war.

On the other hand, it is not a secret that representatives of Uyghur

nation can be seen in the ranks of Islamic movement of Uzbekistan,
in groups of the former Joint Tajik opposition, as well as among
supporters of Hizb-ut-Tahrir-Islami. The USA and Japan, anxious about the growth of Chinese influence in Pacific region, very
often indicate that they are ready to support to Uyghur movement.
In some western countries (particularly in Germany), the National
Liberation Front of Turkestan operates quite legally.

At the same time it should be taken into account that today the
statehood almost does not exist in our habitual view. And the words
of A.Chubais seem more than symbolical when he has declared
that RAO Unified Energy System of Russia intends to go out of
the state. The states. So, let us be honest, globalization means the
world domination carried out by transnational financial and industrial corporations. Moreover, appeals to keep national originality of
the people addressed to the World government not designated yet,
but actually existing... already exist.
At the same time it should be taken into account that Xinjiang
Uygur Autonomous Region is of great geostrategic importance, because the region will play a key role at building the oil pipeline connecting Kazakhstan and countries of Asia-Pacific region in which,
of course, China also has its own interests.
Nurmuhammed, are not you a Chinese spy by any chance?
I have already heard such charges plenty of times. Therewith,
the April issue of Eurasia magazine asserts: According to some
information, for weakening of economic positions of the Uyghur
diaspora in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, Beijing pays considerable
68

Until recently Turkey was the ardent supporter of the rights the
Uyghurs... There is a belief that the most active fighting organization of Uyghur separatists Islamic Movement of Eastern Turkestan (IMET) is financed by Usama Bin Laden.
Fighters of Islamic Movement of Eastern Turkestan passed an appropriate training in camps of Islamites in Afghanistan, Pakistan,
Tajikistan and the Chechen Republic. In due time, the Inter-Services Intelligence directorate of Pakistan (ISI) has played an intermediary role in establishing close contacts between the Uyghurs and
Taliban, ...Uyghur fighters participated in military operations in
... Kashmir.
Do you mean that all of us are someone's spies in this world?
No, it is just that each coin has two sides. And labels turn
without any difficulty... But the main thing is that in the conditions of steadily getting stronger globalization, a society will
certainly become a defining force. So that, it is necessary to aim
Uyghur intelligent potential at its building.
Because one person cannot, but the state (or that has remained
from it) is involved in globalization?
Yes.
69

 And two other points, by your leave. First of all, about 7-10 years
ago you also were the supporter of the national self-determination
of the Uyghurs...

economy of the West is collapsing. And not only because the ideas
of democracy and human rights have appeared insufficient to make
humanity happy.

I can repeat my thought on precipitancy of time, only the

dead do not change. On the other hand, if China will repeat the
late USSR destiny one day, I will be among the first supporters
of independent Uyghurstan. But now, I do not wish my people
to repeat the destiny of the Chechen Republic or Afghanistan.

Crisis of identity of nations became the decisive contradiction of

modern world. Processes of standardization, simplification and unification of human society generated by technological and information globalization, have set the way to disintegration of the world,
to entropy of global social system and loss by it of internal development power. Because the energy of history was always given by
national identities, contradictions of cultures and power of ethnic
anthropo-flows. They just have formed richness of the world, its
complex structure and were the basis for development and its main
generator.

Secondly, I do not understand when separatists advance their slogans being in that very Germany Uyghurstan does not pretend
to its territory. But to ask to come to barricades, living in clover in
Kyrgyzstan or Kazakhstan...
You should see someone else about it. The Koran teaches to
struggle not with people who are mistaken but with wrong
ideas. And I am Muslim.
Marina Grechannaia
Newspaper Times of Central Asia.
Report by the President of the Uyghur Fund
of support of program for development ERPAN
NUR MUHAMMAD KARAHAN
at III General Assembly of the World Uyghur Congress
(Washington, USA. May 17, 2009).

THE GREAT WAY OF THE UYGHURS

In spite of many people's expectations, when new millennium arrived, time and world history has not brought clearness and definiteness in the global world and in architecture of human coexistence.
It is already obvious that scenario of establishment of new world
order under the idea of democracy that has been developed during the whole second half of the last century by the European values and the American flag is collapsing. And not only because the
70

Different nations and different ethnic groups at different historical

times were embedded differently in this world life motion. One nation, for example, represented just human material for wars. Others
gave rise to great poets or great military leaders. Opening of new
ways for the world development or maintenance of pulse of economic was the task of the third.
One task is important for us: the Uyghurs until recently always were
on a proscenium of world history and always had own historical
mission, saying in modern language, were subjects of the history.
And I would like to pinpoint and emphasize that this historical role
of the Uyghurs became apparent and was realized independently of
the factor whether they have at that or another time owned statehood. The Uyghurs always were the nation of the world.
Whats the mission for? Not going into long and deep historical excursus, I would like just to remind you about three principal images
of Uyghur history.
First of all, it is an intelligence of the world. Each of us remembers and knows those times when Uyghur people gave rise to great
thinkers. Imperishable creations of thinkers of an epoch of the
71

Buddhism: Suli Sum, Kumaradzhiv, Hoilan, Synku Seli Tudung,

preachers of Manichaeism: Aprinchur Tekin and Kul Tekin, thinkers of the Islamic period: Ahmad Yugnaki, Yusup Hass Hadzhib
Balasaguni, Alisher Navoi, al-Farabi, Hodzha Ahmed Yassavi, and
Mahmud Kashgari (whose thousandth anniversary was grandiosely
celebrated last year by all civilized world under the aegis of United
Nations Organization), are an invaluable product pulsing in centuries of the Uyghur thought. Having passed with own history, lives
of many generations of the Uyghurs through ideological and moral
variety of world religions, at that time our people have got, or if you
want, have received from above, the access to innermost knowledge about the world structure and deep interrelations of being.
And our people transmitted this knowledge to the world, shrouding
it in knowledge continuum of huge volume and variety, multitude
of sciences which made discoveries of Uyghur scientists.
Also there was another role, which the Uyghurs have played in
history of the world civilization. During the period of formation
of global economic relations and world economic system, the Uyghurs were the first among those people who formed transcontinental, transnational trade communications. The creation of just their
vitality, will and intellect, became the Silk Road as the mega-historical economic phenomenon, as the bridge between civilizations,
between economies, and between nations.
Knowledge about the world and knowledge about people, grasp
of the most delicate technologies of human communications determined also the third historical role of the Uyghurs. During many
centuries, in enormous Eurasian space, the Uyghurs were realizing
the mission of great social and political technologists. For ages,
without own statehood, they knew ways of management and were
real managers in many states, determining their historical destinies.
Having reminded you about the thing which each of us knows since
birth, I would like to ask the main question with which I suppose,
we face today. This question is who we, the Uyghurs, are? What
72

place, what role was intended by the history or we have chosen for
ourselves in the modern world?
Is it just the role of people without home land which zealously directed to us from the different sides and which some our politicians
like to play?
Or another way can be intended for us: to disappear without a trace
in a modern kettle of nations, when it happens with many people
whether they have own statehood or not?
When I think about these questions, I understand that we do not
have time at all. Uyghur people are at the end of a historical choice,
are in a state of the deepest identification crisis. If we will not understand right now who we are, modern Uyghurs, what is our role
and where is our place in the world human development, we will
be doomed to disappear, we will be forgetting poignantly and for
a long time about ourselves, gradually forgetting language, traditions, culture and the history of people which was great in previous
times.
Of course, it would be perfect, if we seek the answer to these questions, having our own state and using its resources for retention,
revival and development of Uyghur culture. But I am thinking with
pain that more than half of century has already passed from the moment when we had this statehood last time and tragically for a short
time period. But I am thinking with pain that all these fifty years,
and this time of appearance of several generations of the Uyghurs,
we just were regretting the loss of the state, though we should regret
much more losses of our ethnicity, our culture, language, economy
and all other things that make up people's life, and essence of the
nation.
Does anybody know, how many decades or centuries we need in
order to have our state and what will happen to people during this
time?
I treat with huge respect and reverence my fellows and Uyghur
73

patriots who have given and give the life for an establishment of
Uyghur statehood. I consider, that it is an exclusively important
purpose and task which costs life of any politician, any patriot.
I consider that another important task, and if you wish, even more
important goal and task is not to wait for revival of Uyghur statehood, but to be engaged in revival of Uyghur nation as a comprehensive whole, as greatest cultural phenomenon and as significant
subject of modern world politics, economy, and culture. We cannot lose any generation, any decade, any year. We have no such
time. Nobody of us can tell to those hundreds, thousands, millions
of Uyghur children who are growing today in many states of the
world, that their life, life of their people has not turned out like they
wanted to, because there is no Uyghur state.
Therefore I suppose the most important task, of course along with
struggle for own statehood, is formation and realization of the national program for development of Uyghur people.
It means, first of all, understanding, formation of national vision of
the role and the place of the Uyghurs in modern world. We should
understand and make clear for the whole nation our national purposes and ideals. I would direct your attention that it is extremely
important to understand and realize whether we will have our own
state or not, because this question will remain in the state, when we
will have it, also and it will be the main issue.
Therefore I suppose that our task, the task of the World Uyghur
National Congress is to answer this question. Of course, not today, but after serious works which should be done by national elite,
our intellectuals, Uyghur scientists, creative specialists and by all
people. And I suggest to do this work and to bring to the next world
congress of the Uyghurs a question on historical self-determination
of Uyghur people, on principal goals of its development and ways
of realization of such program.
As for me, all these are not theoretical questions. All the previous
74

years, organizations that I set up: Central Asian Uyghur Information and Project Center, Central Asian Information Network, Uyghur Fund for Support of Development Programs ERPAN, make
attempts to solve practical tasks connected with realization of the
such program for the people development.
Because there are not enough abilities and resources, we have chosen two principal fields which determine, from our point of view,
the basis for development: this is formation and strengthening of
national cultural space. Here, we understand culture widely, as set
of the social norms putting the basis of Uyghur ethnicity.
I consider these two fields extremely important because they determine the main thing Uyghur mentality, a basis of an ethnic
peculiarity and unity.
Of course, they are not unique. The most serious problems in terms
of formation of national space exist in economic field. Yes, the
Uyghurs can work in business, entrepreneurship, this world which
opens easily to us. Today, according to estimations of experts, assets controlled by the Uyghurs amount to more than 100 billion
US dollars. Over 40 % of the Uyghurs provide for themselves with
incomes above the average in the world. It points to huge economic
potential of the nation, and the fact that Uyghur economy could
play a sufficient role in global economic systems. For us, it is extremely important, both from the point of view of strengthening of
economic potential of people, and from the point of view of assistance to those who need it today. And it is almost 6 million people.
There are many Uyghurs holding key posts in large corporations of
the world, in the international financial institutions. And there are
many such examples showing that huge potential of our businesselite.
The concept Uyghur economy today is rather a desirable image
than real construction. I suppose that we should form National Economic Council which would be engaged in designing and building
75

of that what we call Uyghur economy. There is a potential for this

purpose and it is big. The task is to find and set general frameworks
for all who work in this area, such frameworks which could join
Uyghur businessmen and create new quality the national economy. For people having the state, it can be done easily: due to standing of rules of play and introduction of economic regulators. In our
case the task is more difficult, but also it is more important, because
it is impossible to say about development of Uyghur people without
creation of Uyghur economy.
Only about 30 % of children have the opportunity to study in native language. In Kazakhstan, where traditionally special attention
is paid to cultural development of the Uyghur nation, only 20 % of
children receive education in native language.
Today, general circulation of books published in the world does
not exceed 500 000 copies. It means that each Uyghur family has 2
books in native language.
Only 5 % of graduates of Uyghur youth can get higher education.
For comparison, I can say that for living together with us such as
Kyrgyz, Kazakh and Uzbek people, this figure rises above 30 %.
It all is evaluation data, there are no exact researches, and today
it is also an important task which we should solve. Probably, we
should take an initiative to carry out a census of all the Uyghurs.
I am afraid that situation which we will receive, will be rather oppressive. But we should know truth about how Uyghur people live,
about its state.
We need formation and realization of general Uyghur educational, informational and cultural programs. And it is not necessary to
make, so to say, only one general Uyghur educational or information project. We should and can have a lot of such projects. It is important that this work will be coordinated and efforts will be joined,
but will not compete with each other. For this purpose, I suggest
to generate national council for education and culture. But not as
76

administrative or supervising body, but as the designing centre and

as the fund which would carry out development of projects in these
fields and help to find resources for their realization.
The most problematic question is the formation of the national political space. Today, there are several groups applying for political
management by Uyghur movement.
It seems to me, that it is necessary to go in parallel two ways.
First of all, to be engaged in Uyghur local government. Uyghur
communities are the basis of our people and we can help them to
play more important role in solving all questions in life of the Uyghurs.
And only on the basis of plenipotentiary, competent and strong local communities, moving gradually from below, Uyghur political
management should be formed.
Today, according to my assessments, there are more than 200 various Uyghur organizations, about ten political parties, organizations
and movements. But, the problem is that they attract only a small
portion of Uyghurs to participate in activities, often these organizations serve not for protection of interests of Uyghurs, but only serve
as the tool, with the help of which, local elite obtains privileges
from authorities, and uses them for thier own business interests'
protection.
On the other hand, it is necessary to try to coordinate all existing
groups applying for national political management. It is necessary
to come to an agreement, not about who is the chief and who really represents the Uyghurs, but about programs and projects which
could be realized by those or other groups. That is to agree about
cooperation in solving concrete problems of the Uyghurs, but not
about distribution of powers.
These groups, over many years, have received millions of dollars
from various sponsors and donors, so tell me, what is the result?
77

There is no effective productive political management for Uyghur

movement, questions and solutions for Uyghurs development, as
they have not existed in the past.
I suppose and I am sure that if such program, a brief resume of
which I gave you today, will exist and will be done, in several years
we will be able to say with confidence that the Uyghurs have national purposes, national management, and national space of life.
And we will be able to set and solve tasks for development of Uyghur people, its full-fledged and worthy existence in modern, very
complex world.
Thank you.

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162

Ikkinchi neshirge kirishme sz

Hrmetlik oqurmen!
Moshuningdin besh yil muqeddem, 500 nusxida mning birinchi kitawim yoruq krgen idi. Men Uyghur namliq kitawimda nutuqlirim, zhurnalistlargha bergen shbetlirim, maqalilirim
jemlengen idi.
Bu kitapni neshirge chiqirish istigi 2009-yili Washingtonda Duniyawiy Uyghur Qurultiyining nwettiki Qurultiyini tkzshke
munasiwetlik payda boldi.
Men hayatimni milliy heriketler bilen chemberchas baghlighan
shexs spitide mezkr forumgha teklip qilinghan idim. Yolning
uzaqlighigha qarimay, chong oghlum Diyarning yardimi bilen
kitapning kp nusxisini Washingtongha yetkzshni qarar qilghan
idim. Bu mning chn nahayiti ehmiyetlik bolghan idi. Men shu
paytte Uyghur qurultiyining herbir qatnashquchisigha kitawinmi
teghdim qilish pursitige muyesser bolalaydighinimgha bek ishench
qilghan edim. Sewewi, ularmu mning kitawimni oqup, Uyghur
xelqining aldida turghan mesililerge munasiwetlik mning pikirlirim bilen tonushidu, dgen mtte bolghan idim.
Shu peyttiki mning his-tuyghulirim we mtlirim eqilliq ademler teripidin qobul qilinindu, dgen oylirim hemmige chshinishlik
bolsa krek. Men shu peytte moshu chong sorunda Uyghur ziyaliliri aririda z pikirdashimni tapimen, dep ishesh qilghan idim. Forum
qatnashquchilirining kpchiligi bilen uzun yillardin bri tonush
idim. Biz ular bilen yerlik, milliy we xelqara derijidiki Uyghur
teshkilatlirini uyushturghan iduq. Men shu waqitta bir yerge yighilip, zimizde mewjut bolup turghan mesililer heqqide ochuq piker
qilimiz we milliy medeniyitimizni saqlap we tereqqiy etkzshke
bashlaymiz, dgen mtte bolghan idim.
163

Epsus, ming bir mesheqetler bilen Washingtongha yetkzlgen

kitaplar Dunyawiy Uyghur Qurultiyining rehbiri Rabiye Qadir teripidin, Uyghur milliy heriketlirige selbiy tesirini tekkzidu, ziyanliq
dep tartiwlindi. Muellip bolsa, qurultayning ayrim dlgatlirining
kitap muellipining pikrini anglash toghriliq teklipliri brilgen bolsimu, ular Qurultay rehbiri teripidin ret qilinip, qurultay ishigha qatnashturulmidi. Shundaq qilip, ptkl bir milletning hoquqi chn
kresh qiliwatqan shexsler shu millet wekilining kishilik hoquqini
depsende qildi. Szmu bermidi. Bu waqie Amrikida erkinlik
bilen dmokratiyaning Ana-wetinide, Aq yning ynida, yz berdi.
Mning herxil xelqara forumlarda izhar qilghan, hazir Uyghur
siyasetchiliri arisida qliplashqan pikirlerge qarshi ytqan oylirim
heqqide nurghun epqachti gepler boldi. Bu geplerni asasen Uyghur
xelqning musteqilligi, milliy dliti toghriliq nurghun szleydighan,
emeliyatta bolsa, bu ylinishte birmu ish qilmighan siyasetchiler
tarqatti.
Mning mewqemge munasiwetlik herxil oy-pikirler ytildi. Haqaret qilghanlarmu, maxtighanlarmu boldi. Mning pikrim: oqurmen
zi baha bridu.
Moshu yillar ichide kpligen kishiler bilen uchriship, piker almashturup, z pikirlirimning toghra kenligige kz yetkzdm. Pikirdashlirimni, terepdashlirimni taptim. Men Uyghur namliq deslepki kitawim heqiqiy menasida hazir yoruq krwatidu. Endi herbir
Uyghur mning Uyghur xelqining klechigi toghriliq pikirlirim
bilen tonushup, yeknler chiqiridu dep ishesh qilimen. Epsus, meblegh mesilisi tpeyli uzaq waqit bu kitapni neshir qilalmidim. Qerellik neshirler bolsa, mning maqalilirimni bsishtin bash tartti. Uyghur ammiwiy wasitiliride mni tengqitligen, hetta ochuqtin-ochuq

164

haqaretligen maqalilar bsildi. Mni milliy idyeni satqan xitay

shpioni dep atap, mning oy-pikirlirim bilen tonushmay, ularni
chshenmey, hetta jemiyettin qoghlawtish teleplirini qoyghanlarmu boldi. Bezi chaghlarda hazirqi milliy teshkilatlirimizning rehberlirining gheziwidin qorqup, mning bilen salamlishishtin bash
tartqan tonushlirimmu boldi. Shexsen zem, 1937-yildiki Stalin
teqiplirining, Maoche tazilash, Medeniyet inqilap dewrige
klip qalghandek boldum. Allagha shkri, bu ishlarning hemmisi
arqida qaldi. Ulargha bolghan chmenligi bolmighan we hazirmu
yoq. Men peqet zemning qrindashlirimdin we yqinlirimdin: aq
chachliq anamni, ayalimni, balilirimni, yqin tonushlirimni ochuqtin-ochuq haqaretlerdin himaye qilalmighanlighimdin kechrm
soraymen. Peqet Allah we insanlar aldidiki tazilighim manga
kch-quwet berdi. Men bizning siyasetchilimizge: Toxtanglar,
zenglarning siyasiy utuqliringlar we awantyurilininglar chn
millitimizning eng yaxshi oghlanlirini yashlirini awghan trrorchilirining lagrlirigha ewetishni toztitinglar, - dmekchimen.
zenglarning lawaziminglar, unwanliringlar, Washingtondiki yaki
Brlindiki chirayliq hayatinglar toghriliq emes. Xelq toghriliq, uyghurlarning dunyawiy maliye, medeniy ziyalilar qatarigha kirishi
toghriliq oylanglar, dmekchimen.
Hrmet bilen,
Nur Muhemmet Qaraxan

165

Nur Muhemmet
Qaraxan (Kenji)
Ijtimaiy-siyasiy erbab
1960 yili 17 sntebirde tughulghan, uyghur. 1979 yili Frunz
shehiridiki Soda Txnikumning Towarshunashliq we soda uyushturush blmini ela bahagha tamamlighan. 1979 yildin 1983
yilghiche Qirghiz dlet uniwrsittida Towarshunashliq we soda
uyushturush mutexessisligi boyiche bilim alghan. Aliy mektepni
pttrgendin kyin, ikki yil Jumhuriyet soda mehkimiliride ishlep,
1985 yildin 1987 yilgha qeder emeliy iqtisad sahasida ilmiy ishlar bilen shughullan'ghan, bazar igellesh kespiy boyiche mutexessis bolghan.
1987-1990 yillarda yerlik Dlet mehkimiliride emgek qilip uyushturush ishlirida tejribe toplighan. Andin, jem'iyetlik paaliyet
bilen shughullanghan: jumhuriyet parlamntigha dputat bolup
saylan'ghan, Qirghizistanning musteqilligini lan qilish sheripige
ige bolghan, shundaqla dlet siyasiy tzmini zgertishni emelge
ashurushqa qatnashqan. Aliy Kneshning dputati spitide Dmokratiye, puxralar ara tinchliq we milliy razimenlik dmokratik
heriketning teshkil qilinishigha pa'al qatnashqan. Mezkr heriket teshebbuskarining paaliyiti przidntliq hakimiyet institutning
wujudqa klishide asasliq faktor bolup hsaplan'ghan.
Nur Muhemmet Qaraxan Qirghizistan Uyghurlirining Ittipaq
jemiyitining qurghuchilarning biri we uning tunji re'isi. Bu milliy jem'iyetlik teshkilat memlikettiki 55 ming uyghur ahalisining
tereqqiyatini teminleshni nishan qilidu. Ittipaq Qirghizistan xelqi Assambleyesi bilen jumhuriyetlik hakimiyet organlirining aldida uyghurlarning menpeetlirini hawale qilidu.
1996-1997 yilliri Qaraxan Qirghizistan Xelqi Assambleyesi
Kngishide Reyisning muawini bolup ishligen.

166

1993 yildin Nur Muhemmet Qaraxan Qirghizistan Lob Nor

yadro sinaqlirigha qarshi heriketning muawin reisi.
Qaraxan uyghurlarning milliy tiklinish xelqara herikitige pa'al
qatnishidu, u Ottura Asiya we Qazaqistan (Almuta) Uyghurliri
ittipaqining muawin reislikke saylanghan, Sherqiy Trkistan,
Tibet, Ichki Mongghuliye (Grmaniye, Mnxn) Xelqliri Birleshken Komittning muawin reisi bolup saylan'ghan. 2008 yildin
bashlap Duniya Trk Xeliqlerning Assamblyeside Merkiziy Asiya
uyghurlirigha wekillik qilidu.
2003 yidin bashlap, bu kun qeder Tereqqiyat progrimmilarni qollap-quwetlesh Uyghur fondi ERPAN ning Reyisi.
2009 yildin bashlap, bu kun qeder TADU International ltd. uyghur tibabet shirkitining bash direktori bolup xizmet qiliwatidu.
Men uyghur mawzusida bayanatlar, nutuqlar we maqalilar
mejmu'esini neshir qildurdi.
Qaraxan Manasning tughulghishining 1000-yillighi sheripige
chiqirilghan xatire mdal we Qirghizistan jumhuriyiti musteqiligining 10 yillighigha bghishlanghan mdali bilen mukapatlan'ghan.
Qirghizistan Aliy Kngeshning 70-yilighigha beghishlap chiqarghan medali bilen mukapatlanghan.
Islam dinigha tiqat qilghuchi spitide u Mekkige hej qildi. Alte
perzentini: Diyar, Hediyam, Diyaz, Oghuzxan, Ahmadiye we rpanlarni Ysp Xas Hajipning Danishmenning yaqut szlirini
oghli atisidin miras qilip alsun neqili asasida terbiyilewatidu.
Eng muhim xatire kni Qirghizistanning musteqilliq toghriliq
dkloratsiyeni qobul qilish. Hayatiy dunya qarishi - izglkke
xizmet qilish. Bosh waqitta pelsepewiy, tarixiy mezmunidiki kitaplarni oqiydu. Sherq po'ziyasini yaqturidu.

167

Ikkinchi qtimliq xelq'ara Sherqiy Trkistan tarix

we medeniyet ilmiy muhakime yighinda
NUR MUHEMMET QARAXANNING
Qirghizistan Xelq Assamblyasining mu'awin re'isi,
Qirghizistan jumhuriyetlik uyghur Ittipaq jem'iyitining
re'isi oqughan doklatning tzisi.
(Istanbul, Trkiye. 21-23 ktebir, 1996-yili).

UYGHUR XELQI MILLIY TEREQQIYATNING

ENG MUHIM MESILILIRI
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim!
Essalamu'eleykum eleykum muhterem yighin hey'iti,
hrmetlik yighin qatnashquchiliri,
Eziz wetendashlar!
Netijiler we r'alliq
Dunyagha shunchimu ulugh mtlerni bergen we eng shiddetlik
iztiraplarni lip kelgen 20-esir, axirlishiwatidu.
Bgnki kndimu, eynila yz yil ilgirikidekla, dunya jama'etchiliki
murekkep ziddiyet we urush ichide yashimaqta, bir millet yene bir
milletni ezmekte, we yoqitishqa urunmaqta. Eqil-idrekning misilsiz tereqqiyati bilen we ademlerning z'ara inaq hayat kechrsh
shara'itlirini yaritishning ajayip nepis siyasetler nemuniliri bilen bir
qatarda, yuqiri txnologiylik we paraghetlik hayat dunyasi bilen
bir qatarda namratchiliq we qalaqliqni, urush we milliy nizaixtilaplarning bir xelqlerning ship ketken impriyaliq zulumi we
ikkinchisining hoquqsizliqini krimiz. Dunyada, xuddi yz yil ilgirikidekla, hazirmu adalet yoq.
Bizning ilmiy muhakime yighini qatnashquchilarning diqqet
merkizide uyghurlar teqdiri. Dunya yzdiki her qandaq xelqning
tarixiy teqdiri perwaz we halaketler bilen, gllinish we chshknlkler bilen tolup tashqan. Bizning xelqimizge Allah-Tallah ajayip,
nadir hayat yolini bghishlighan iken.
168

zining klechikige uzundin-uzun chighir yolini bashlighan uyghurlardin bu dunyada qalghanliri kemdin-kem. z eqli idrigi,
iradisi we emgiki bilen ademzat medeniyiti asaslirining eng sil
jewherliri kertken, txi yngidin belge brip kliwatqan ashu
medeniyetning, rohiyliq-meniwiylikning, demokratiyening timsali
bolghan namayen dililirimizning bu paniyda qalghanlirimu kemdin-kemdur.
Emma, yene bir tirazsiz heqiqet shuningdin ibaretki, medeniy,
rohiy bayliqi shunche wezmin, salmaqliq bolup turup, ular, eshu
bayliqni yaratqan zliri chn qol yetmes arzu bolup qalghan xelqlermu yer yzide az uchrishidu. Bgnki knde yashawatqan
milletlerning ichide birla uyghurlar ghir teqdir astida, qudretlik
dlet aldida kreksiz millet haligha chshp, bu dehshetlik, cheksiz
zulumni bshidin kchrp, z makanida yeklen'gen mhman kebi
hayat kechrmekte. Hazir mewjut milletler ichide peqet uyghurlar
chnla parlaq kelgsige emes, tmshke qarap z ulughwarliqi taman qedem qoyush oxshash ghir qismet nesip bolup qalmaqta.
Bgn biz, uyghurlar, ghir zamanni bashtin kechrwatimiz.
Shepqetsiz dewran bizni peqet deqyanustin qalghan medeniyet mirasxorliri dep qarap, bir nezerge erzitmey, tekebburane tmekte.
Esirimizning otturisida, nwettiki teqdir zerbisidin kyin (undaq
zerbilerning qanchisini bashtin kechrgen iduq!) biz zimizmu
bgnki knde, klechekke dewet qilghuchi iradimizni, bext yultuzining yorushigha ishenchimizni yoqitishqa, tarixiy chshknlkke, ixlassizliqqa yqinlishiwatimiz.
Bundaq rohiy chshknlkning sewebliri bgn nahayiti kp.
Bir qanche tarixiy seweb we weqelerge bina'en til, yziq, din, rpadet we en'eniler, milliy medeniyet, rohiy haliti (mntalitt), milliy ang-szim oxshash zining milliy teqdirini zi hel qilish chn
zrr bolghan amillarning, chshenchilerning yoq bolup yaki qashshaqliship ktish xewpi ashkara tughulmaqta.
Melum tetqiqatchilarning krsitishiche (ksprtlar baha-xulasilar
169

boyiche), uyghurlarning 20% (turghan jaydin qet'iynezer) ana tilida xet-yziq oqumaydu, 10% bolsa, ana tilida hetta szleshmeydu.
Uyghur medeniyetning qazan'ghan utuq - muweppeqiyetlirini eks
ettrgen qedimiy uyghur tili we yziqini bilidighanlarning sanigha
kelsek, ula esli yoqning ornida.
Bgnki knde, bezi melumatlar boyiche, 600 mingdin artuq uyghurlar z xahishi yaki mejburen bashqa milletler qatarida sanilidu. Bashqa ellerdiki uyghurlar toghriliq sz qilmayla, bizning
Qirghizistanni alidighan bolsaq, buningdin bir qanche yil ilgiri
uyghurlar, oqup, yaxshi bilim lish mmkinchilikidin xizmet
mensipidin ayrilip qlish xewpi tpeyli, zlirining uyghur ikenligini iqrar qilishtin qorqatti. Kp zgirishler, yaxshiliqlar yz briwatqan bgnki knning zidimu 55 ming uyghur yashaydighan
Qirghizistan jumhuriyitide dlet teminatidiki birmu uyghur mektipi
yoq.
Uyghur ammisining ijtima'iy pa'aliyet ylinishlirini we uninggha munasip bolghan meniwiy bayliq sistmisi zgerdi. Eng aldi
bilen, eqli pa'aliyetke ehmiyet brishni unuttuq, uyghur xelqining
alahidiliki we milletning tereqqiy tpishta muhim bir menbesi bolghan, yene dunya jama'itining aldida orun igileshke lchem rolini
oynighan, bizge xas xususiyettin ayrilduq.
Ptnley xelq boyiche lin'ghan melumatlarni keltrsh mmkinchiliki yoq, lkin ilgiri Sowt Ittipaqi terkibige kirgen rspublikilarda istiqamet qilghuchi uyghurlarning ichide, bu yerlerdiki
ma'arip sistmisi derijisining nisbeten yuqiri bolushigha qarimay,
her bir 1000 ademning bir-ikkisila aliy derijilik bilimge ige bolghan. Bu duniya boyiche eng axirqi orungha toghra kelidu. Milliy ziyaliliylarmu nahayiti kam.
Milliy ziyaliylar qatlimining yterlik bolmasliqi tpeyli, bir yziqtin ikkinchi yziqqa bir nechche mertem mejburiy kchsh sewebidin ewladlarning medeniy warisliqi buzuldi yaki zlp qaldi.

yoqaldi. Dunyada tunji qtim kitab bsip chiqarghan xelqning,

zining kitab neshriyati yoq. Xelqning asasiy qismi z tarixi bilen
medeniyeti muweppeqiyetlerdin paydilinish mmkinchilikidin
ayrilip qaldi, chnki Shinjang Uyghur aptonom rayonda bolsun,
musteqil dletler hemdostliqida bolsun, arxip koymiliri, kitab we
bashqa fondilar ypiq bolup, gherbiy merkezler bilen kutupxanilardin paydilinish hoquqi cheklen'gen idi.
Xelq dunyawi medeniyet muweppeqiyetliridin, xususen ijtima'iy
tereqqiyatni belgileydighan ma'arip, ilim, ishlepchiqirish da'irisidin
paydilinish, ularni zleshtrsh mmkinchiligidinmu mehrum bolup qalmaqta. Bu bolsa ghir aqiwetlerge lip qlishi mmkin.
Xususen lktron alaqe axbarat sistmiliridin, gherb we sherqning
zamaniwi ilghar ma'arip sistmiliridin, hemme igilik tarmaqlardiki zamaniwilashqan txnologiyining sirtida qalmaqta. Uyghur
mutexessisliridin, alimlirining her xil xelq'ara teshkilatlar bilen
alaqe munasiwetliri, lip brishi yoq, trkshunasliq mejlisler,
yashlarning, ayallarning, tijaret ehlining sminar we yighilishliri
arqiliq tejribe almashturush oxshash ilmiy we medeniy alaqilerni
mustehkemleydighan chare-tedbirler yrgzlmeydu. Herbiy mutexessisler bilen ka'inat (kosmos) baghliq sana'et mutexessislirini
teyyarlashqa imkaniyet yoq. Kchlk milliy maliye sistmini yolgha qoyalaydighan, xelq'ara maliye strukturlirida ishlewatqan uyghur mutexessislermu yoq.
Bir zamanlarda talantliq ish bashqurghuchiliri bilen meshhur xelq,
bgn bu kpesirliq medeniyettin mehrumdur. Yenila eshu musteqil dletler hemdostlighi rspublikilarda idare apparatliri bilen
memuriy da'iriside xizmet qilidighan uyghurlarning nisbiti ularning umumiy ahale sanigha chachqandiki nisbitidin bir nechche hesse
twen. Buninggha oxshash misallar cheksiz, ytsaq tgimeydu.

Pelsepiwi mektepler, medeniyet we bedi'iy ijadiyet merkezliri

Shundaq bir ehwal chong teshwish tughdurdiki, uyghurlar yashaydighan jay-makanlarning bezi milliy xususiyet, xasliqliri yuyulup, yoqap ktip baridu. Uyghurlarning Xitay Xelq jumhuriyitidin
kchp ktish ehwallirigha baghliq, shundaqla, Xitay hkmitin-

170

171

ing assimilatsiyilik siyasiti tpeylidin, Tarim wadisida qolayliq

yaki yashash mmkin bolghan yer-jay, makanning tariyip, qisqirap
ktip brishi netijiside, uyghurlarning Merkiziy Asiya rspublikiliridin bashqa memliketlerge, birinchi nwette Gherbke, Trkiyege,
Ereb memliketlirige kchshi netijiside ularning yashash zichliqi
twenlimekte. Esli bu xususiyet bizning xelqimizning millet spitide saqlinish we millet qatari terkib tpishning asasidur. Buning zi
alaqe-munasiwetler mmkinchilikliri derijisining twenlep ktishi
shara'itida milliy en'enilerning, rp-adetlerning, alaqe qurali bolup
hsablinidighan tilning yoqilishigha lip baridu.
Mushu jeryanlarning hemmisining eng paji'elik aqiwetliri shuningdin ibaretki, ular xelqning milliy mligini, birlikini yoqitidu, xelqni
ortaq mesilidin chetlitip, umumiy mu'emmaning mewjut ikenligini,
birleshken heriket-pa'aliyetning muhimliqini szish, pemlesh qabiliyitidin merhum qilidu. Buning bilen birge, ushbu jeriyanlar milliy
ghayige, milliy psixologiyige we milliy heriketke zeher yetkzidu.
Uyghurlar arisida shexsiy menpeetpereslik, zinila bay bolushini
oylash, maddiy bayliqni rohiy bayliqtin yuqiri qoyush kz-qarshilirining tesiri kcheymekte, birinchi orun'gha medeniy htiyajlar
emes, fizi'ologiyilik htiyajlar chiqiwatidu, kndilik hayat parawanchiliqini kz-kz qilish, israpchiliq bsip ktiwatidu. Bir-birini
qollash, pikirdashliq hs-tuyghuliri ze'ipliship, zliri yashawatqan
dletlerdiki kchlk akamilletlerge xizmet qilish paydiliq amiligha aylandi.
z zamanisida Xitay, Mongghulistan, hetta Chawshyen'giche diniy
tiqad we butpereslik medeniyitini terghip qilip barghan we meripetni, ang bilimni, dlet bashqurush ilimni tarqatquchi bolghan uyghurlar, missi'onrlik pa'aliyetke yollinishni yoqitip qoydi.

172

mid we yollar
Saghlam pikirlik herqandaq ademge shu nerse ayanki, eger uyghur
xelqi arisidiki mushu jeryanlar qet'iy zgertilmise, toxtitilmisa, u
chaghda millet tarixining xeterlik bshigha klip qalidu, u yerdin
qaytishqa mmkinchilik yoq. Bgn bolmisa ete uyghur xelqi
tarixiy uyqa, tarixiy inqiraz, zawalliq oxshash saqaymas kselliklerge muptila bolushi mmkin. Oyghinish, birer qedem ilgirilesh
imkaniyitini tamamen qoldin muptila bolushi mmkin. Shunda
biznimu tarixta tken onlighan, yzligen xelqlerning paji'elik teqdiri z qoynigha lip, bizning yetken pellilirimiz, qazan'ghan muweppeqiyetlirimiz, axiri uchrighan meghlubiyetlirimiz tarixiy kitablar sehipiliridila qalghusi.
Bizning eqidimiz, we nuqti'inezer shuningdin ibaretki, hazirqi ghir
we keskin peytte kimge uyghurlarning teqdiri qimmet iken, kimki
ularning kelgsini oylisa, shuning tarixiy burchi-zamanning telipige jawab brish: teqdirning hujumigha qarshi turup, xelqning milliy rohini yngiwashtin tikleydighan, uyqudin oyghitidighan yol we
idiyilerni tpishtin, ularni xelqqe teqdim qilishtin, ejdadlirimizning
eqil-parasiti bilen, shularning iradisi, qelbi we qolliri bilen esirler
dawamida yaritilghan, hazir bolsa chshknlkke uchrighan, kmkte qalghan milliy xelq rohini, medeniy kch-quwwitini, ajayip
qabiliyitini yingiwashtin janlandurushtin, tikleshtin ibarettur. Esirlerdin biri yaxshi tawlinip, qisilghan purzhina kchige oxshash bu
yighilip qalghan kch-quwwetke yllinip, dunya jemiyet tereqqiyatining uchigha, ademzat medeniyitining yksek pellisige achiqishimiz lazim we achiqalaymiz, Insha'allah!
Bizning pikrimizche, bgnki knning kechikturup bolmaydighan
mesilisi-emelge ashurush zrr bolghan muhim ishlarning prinsipliri, tp idiyilirini, stratgiyelirini, asasiy ylinishlirini we ish
shekillirini ishlep chiqirishtin ibaret. Bu ishlarning yekni bash
wezipini hel qilish. U wezipe z teqdirini zi belgilesh, dunya
xelqining ichide z orni bilen rolini chshinish nuqti'ineziri
asasida uyghur jem'iyitini sretlik tereqqiyat yoligha qedem
173

qoydurush meqsitige qaritilghan tarixiy jeryanidiki r'al zgirishlerni emelge ashurushtin ibaret.
Milliy tereqqiyat programmisining asasini resmiyetchilik, siyasetchilik, menmenlik, abroypereslik we bashqa tknchi ewzellikler emes, asasiy qimmitini belgilishi shert: uyghur xelqini
xelq, millet spitide saqlap qlish, tereqqiyat yoligha bashlash,
uning xasliq - musteqilliqini, medeniyitini, uning tarixi tereqqiyati, yksilishi dawamida zleshtrgen kch - qudret, imkaniyetlerni, medeniy we meniwi bayliqlirini qurughdap qlish,
dunyawi medeniyet muweppeqiyet, progrsqa alaqidar qilish,
dlet chgraliridin qet'iynezer, bir ptn xelq jem'iyet spitide
yashashqa terbiyilep gitish - eng muhimi, asasiy ewzellikler,
zor bayliq, mana mushulardin ibaret.
Eng awwal shuni alahide qeyit qilish zrrki, milliy tereqqiyatqa
ghemxorluq qilish ishi sepsetelikke, chirayliq xiyal - epsanige
emes, r'alliqqa, heqiqetke, qanche achchiq bolmisun, peqet heqiqet heqqaniyetke asaslinishi krek.
Bu r'alliqlar twendikidin ibaret:
Uyghur xelqi zining dlet tzmige ige emes,
Uyghurlar mewjt hazir bir qanche dletler terkibide istiqamet
qilidu,
Xelq'ara hoquq, zining bgnki terzide, memliketning mewjut
chgralirining dehilsizlikini - qoghdaydu we ularning zgertilishige
qarshi,
Trritoriyiside uyghurlar yashawatqan hchbir dlet Uyghur xelqning qurush herikitini hchqachan qollimaydu, bar kchi bilen
uninggha qarshi turidu we z trritoriyisining bir tapan yrini bermeydu,
Bu weziyetni zgertish peqet xelq'ara ijtima'iy we hoquqi ang
- szimning uzaq dewr ichide tereqqiy tip, zgirip brishi netijisidila mmkin.
174

Bizning muhakime yighinning ishtirakchiliri hazirqi zamandiki

Sherqiy Trkistan weziyitini tehlil qilip, bu tewediki ehwalni,
munasiwetler sistmisini chongqur analiz qilip, bu r'alliqning,
heqiqetning ptkl mahiyitini, murekkep mu'emma ikenligini her
tereplime asaslap, chip berdi.
Mushu nuqtinezerdin alghanda, professor, Doktor Kemal Karpatning, Trkiye Nfit fondining re'isi Aydin Bulaqning, Trkiye
Byk Milliy Mejlisining millet wekili, profssor, Doktor Exet
Endiyjaniyning doklatliri weziyetni chshinishte we milliy tereqqiyatni teminlesh ishlirini qanat yaydurushta biz chn nahayiti
muhim.
Heqqaniy gepni ytsaq, bgnki knde milliy tereqqiyat mesilisige
yandishishta ikki asasiy nuqti'inezer mewjut. Kprek uchraydighan
bir kz-qarash terepdarlirining pikriche, eng muhimi qandaqla
qilip bolmisun (bu yerde usul amillar her xil), awwal dlet quriwlish. Peqet shuningdin kyinla xelq - heqqide, uning tereqqiyati
heqqide oylash krek. Bashqa kz-qarash terepdarlirining, z dlet
tzmige ige bolush mmkinchilikige eqelliy, yqin arida ishenmeydighanlarning pikriche, milliy tereqqiyat mesilisini kn tertipige qoyushning esla hajiti yoq, u dunyawi tereqqiyat bilen alaqidarliq jeriyanda zlkidin temin ytilidu.
Biz oylaymizki, bir tereptin heriket qilmay, karametke mid
baghlashqa, weqe we hadisiler qimining zi uyghur xelqige
ara chshidu, yoqatmaydu dep ishinishke bolmaydu, we ikkinchi
tereptin, qandaqla qilip bolmisun, uyghur dlitini qurush kreshige
brilip ktip, milliy tereqqiyat, umumen z mewqe mesilisini
kyinge kelgsige qaldurushmu natoghra.
Mewjut weziyetni zgertishni peqet hemme da'irilerde, hemme
sahelerde milliy yoshurun kchini peyda qilish, mmkinchiliklerni qolgha keltrsh, shekillendrsh boyiche yrgzlidighan hertereplime, kndilik chidam-taqet telep qilidighan,
metanetlik emel we amillar netijiside hel bolushi mmkin.
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Milliy tereqqiyat boyiche emelge ashurulidighan ishlarning gholini

besh ylinish, besh terkibiy qisim, besh asas, besh xizmet da'ire
teshkil qilidu:
1. Jem'iyetning iqtisadiy sistmisini we milliy tereqqiyatning
iqtisadiy asaslirini qurush.
2. Umumi milliy medeniy tarixiy nezeriyisini we id'ologiyini
wujudqa keltrsh.
3. Umumi milliy axbarat sistmisini qurush.
4. Ma'aripning we kadirlar teyyarlashning umumi milliy sistmisini tzsh.
5. Umumi milliy siyasiy sistmisini yaritish.
1. Bgnki knde uyghurlar yashaydighan dletlerning herqandiqida uyghurlarning milliy tereqqiyati chn zrr we yterlik yardem
bu yaqta tursun, hetta qandaqla bolmisun birer yardem krsitish
muhim mu'emma. Bu ellerning zlirimu, ularning xelqlirimu chong
qiyinchiliqlar, iqtisadiy zgirishler dewrini bashtin kechrmekte,
hayatning we kishilik tereqqiyatning tolimu twen derijisidin azap
chekmekte.
Halbuki, hayatning hemme saheliridiki qalaqliq bilen turghunluqni
ynish, kchlk menbe asasini, shuninggha muwapiq iqtisadiy asasini qurushimizni telep qilidu. Bu herikitimiz milliy tereqqiyatning
iqtisadiy asaslirini qurushigha mmkinchilik yaritip bridu.
Ilgiriki Merkiziy Asiya Sowt Rspublikliri iqtisadida yz briwatqan tp asasliq zgirishler, Xitayning yngi iqtisadiy ylinishini bundaq ishlarni yrgzsh chn eng ongushluq mmkinchiliklerni yaratmaqta, chnki bu ishlar xelq'ara hemkarliq bilen
xelq'ara iqtisadiy qurulmilirining mmkinchilikige asaslinidu. Bu
yerde mewjut bolghan tawar we emgek kchi bazirining ongushluq, qolayliq tereplirini, shundaqla uyghur tijaretchilirining mushundaq shara'ittiki nahayiti zor tejribisini hsabqa alsaq, kchlk
iqtisadiy bsp tshke we iqtisadiy pa'aliyetning birdin dunyawi
176

miqyasida kchshige, tepilghusiz bir purset briwatidu.

2. Ish heriket, pa'aliyetlirining eng muhim da'irisidin ikkinchi
milliy tereqqiyat asaslirining we shuninggha baghliq, yngi milliy
id'ologiyining shekillinishidin ibarettur.
Umumi milletlik medeniy tarixiy kz-qarash bu shundaq bir
mahiyetki, asaski, merkiziy oqqi, uyghur xelqi ularning chrisige
topliship birikishi mmkin, shundaqla ular zlirining yngi tarixiy
meqsitini, dunyawi medeniyet tereqqiyatidiki tutqan orni we rolini
chshineleydu. Szsiz, bundaq nuqti'inezer hayattin yiraqlashqan
ayrim alimlarning nezeriyiwi tepekkuridin peyda bolmaydu. Bu
xelq danishmenlikining mahiyiti, bizge xas qana'etchanliq we
zimizni chong sanishimizning sirtida, uyghurlarning ptn tarixini tenqidi chshinishning netijisi, uyghur mutepekkurlar mektipining, kp esirlik eqli utuqlirining pelsepiwi yeknidur.
Bu bek ghir wezipe. Bu bir nechche ilmiy mekteplerni teshkil
qilip ularning ishlitilishini, qolgha keltrshni telep qilidu, bundaq
ytqanda, uyghur akadmiyisining nemunisini tzsh, ilim byuroklatlirining uyushmisini emes, uyghur mutepekkurlirining, uyghur alimlirining bash qoshqan merkizi kebi. Dunyada chchilip
ketken uyghur xelqning medeniy miraslirini ptkl jem'iyetning
bayliqigha, mlkige aylanduridighan we bu miraslarni ginidighan,
tetqiq qilidighan mexsus merkezlerni bunyadqa keltrshni telep
qilidu.
3. Dunyawi we rayonlarara tipidiki milliy axbarat sistmilirining
tzilishi we nmlk milliy axbarat da'irlirimizning berpa qilishi,
dunyawi tereqqiyatning aldinqi spige yirip chiqishning, muhim
shertidur. Xelqimizning trritoriyilik tarmaq shara'itida yashawatqanliqi we uyghurlarning turushluq jaylirida axbarat bilen toluq
temin tilmeywatqanliqi, kchlk we keng tarmaqlashqan axbarat
yollirisiz, uyghurlar yashawatqan bari jaylarda axbarat merkezlirini
mewjut qilip ish-pa'aliyetlirini uyushturmighiche ptn ijtima'iy
sistmilarning normal pa'aliyet apirishni teminligini bolmaydu we
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ptn uyghur xelqini milliy qurulushigha aktip jelp qilish mmkin

emes.
Bolupmu, yashlargha mektep oqughuchilirigha zamaniwi axbarat
txnologiyilerni ginish imkaniyetlerni we shara'itlarni, her bir
mektepte, her bir uyghurlar yashawatqan jaylarda, hel qilish nahayiti muhim. Xelqimizning shara'iti we hayat teqezzasi, uyghur
jem'iyitini axbarat wasitiliri bilen yuqiri derijide temin qilishini, ilghar jem'iyetni aylandurushni telep qilmaqta.
4. Kadirlarni teyyarlash ishi esla pa'aliyitimizning eng muhim, hel
qilghuchi mesililirining biri bolup qalmaqta. Mushu nuqtinezerdin
qarighanda, bizning chet'ellerdiki ilghar jem'iyet erbablirimizning
emelge ashuruwatqan ishliri bibahadur. Ular nahayiti zor kchqudritini ayimay serp qilip, uyghur yashlirini ilghar ellerning oqush
yurtlirida teyyarlash mmkinchilikini qolgha keltrdi. Ularning tirishchanliqi, gherezsiz, xalisane we qelb emri bilen emelge ashuruwatqan pa'aliyetliri tpeyli ma'arip we kadirlar teyyarlash sistmisining asasliri selinmaqta.
Shuning bilen bir qatarda hazir uyghur tilida chiqidighan oqush
qorallirini, bediy we mexsus edebiyatni teyyarlash, neshr qilish we
tarqitish htiyaji alahide szilmekte. Bu yerdimu uyghurlar yashawatqan dletler hakimiyitining yardimige mid baghlash tes. Hetta
ular yardem qilishni xalighan teqdirdimu, medeniyet, ma'arip chn
meblegh ytishmeydu. Bizning bu heqtiki pikrimizche, Birleshken
Milletler Teshkilati we uning ma'arip, ilim, medeniyet ishliri boyiche komissiyining panasida, mexsus xelq'ara programma lazim we
yqin zamanda bu teshkilatlargha bitepsil tekliplirimizni tapshurmaqchimiz.
5. Axirqi yillarda, asasen ilgiri Sowt Ittipaqi terkibide bolghan
Merkiziy Asiya jumhuriyetliri hsabigha, uyghur xelqning ijtima'iy
teshkilatliri sistmisi wujudqa klishke bashlidi. Bu besh elde
bgn royxetke lin'ghan 10 uyghur teshkilati ishleydu. Yene chi
u yaki bu sewebler tpeylidin txi royxetke linmidi.
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Eger deslep peqet birleshken milliy-medeniy yaki taza siyasiy

birleshmiler qurulghan bolsa, hazir milliy teshkilatlarning sani
kpiyip, ular herxil belge xususiyetler asasida berpa bolmaqta.
Buning zi nahayiti muhim ehwal, chnki ijtima'iy hayatning trlk sahalirini z ichige lip, herxil medeniy, meripet, siyasiy htiyajlarni qana'etlendridighan ijtima'iy strukturlar shekillenmekte.
Bularning hemmisi uyghur ijtima'iy tzmining asasiy mezmuni.
Bu teshkilatlar bara-bara mene-mahiyetler bilen byip, tolup, uyghurlarning zini zi bashqurush, ijtima'iy hayatigha qatnishish
mxanizmlirini, dmokratiye mxanizmlirini zleshtrsh yoligha
kiridu.
Mana bu umumi milliy siyasiy sistmini yaritishning asasiy yoli,
eshu sistmilarni ayrim siyasiy lidirlarning yaki shundaqla lidir
bolushni isteydighan shexslerning, tekebburligi we oylap tapqan
sxmisi asasta emes, xelqimizning emeliyiti asasida namayan bolidu.
Bundaq yol bilen biz muqerrer umumi milliy birlikke kleleymiz,
xelqning qollap-quwwetlishige, ishenchige ige bolghan lidirlar
qoshunini terbiyileymiz.
Shinjang Uyghur aptonom rayon we chet'ellerdiki muhajirlar milliy
teshkilatlarning otturisidiki alaqe-munasiwetlerni tereqqiy ettrsh
we mustehkemlesh ishi alahide diqqetke sazawerdur.
Bgnki kn'ge qeder bundaq alaqe we birlikke lip briliwatqan
emeliy pa'aliyetler yoq.
Bu ehwalni tzitilishi lazim. Bizde bundaq hemkarliq asasida emelge ashurulidighan ishlar chn keng-tasha musape, cheksiz mmkinchilikler bar we bu mmkinchiliklerni melum qiyinchiliqlargha
we namuwapiq pikirlerge qarimay zleshtrsh muhim.
Men qurultayni tkzsh tejribisini dawamlashturush krek dep
hsaplaymen, ularni yerlik uyghur jem'iyetlirining kpligen qanunluq wekiller sanini kpeytish arqiliq byitish krek. Biz Shinjang
179

Uyghur aptonom rayondimu umumi uyghur qurultiyini tkzsh

mmkinchiliki heqqidiki mesilini Xitay memurliri bilen muhakime
qilishqa teyyar. Bundaaq qurultayda, mesilen, uyghurlar maaripi
bilen medeniyitini tereqqiy ettrsh mesilini diqqet merkizige qoyush mmkin.

zor qiziqish bilen qobul qilidu. Shundaq meshhur insanlar bilen

yene bir qtim yz krshsh behrimendiligini arzu qilip, shu munasiwet bilen muhakime yighinning hemme ishtirakchilirigha chin
qelbimdin teshekkr iz'har qilimen.

Shundaq qilip hujum-qiyqas bilen, siyasiy awarigerchilik bilen

emes, milliy tereqqiyat asaslirini yaritish yolidiki hertereplime,
bigherez, xalisane mhnet-milliy heriketning asasiy yoli, uning
muhim wezipisi bilen mezmuni eyni shuningdin ibaret.

Bismillehir Rahmanir Rahim!

Alhamdu lillehi Rabbil-alemin ar-Rahmanir Rahim.
Maliki yawmiddin. Iyyeke naabudu we iyekke nastayin.
Ihdinessirotel musteqime, sirotellezine.
En'emte aleyhim ghayril meghzubi,
aleyhim welesddollin. Amin.

Uyghur xelqi tereqqiyatigha trtki bolidighan alahide ehmiyetlik,

qimmetlik, yoshurun kchi mol bolghan, tarihiy menbelerge ige.
Bular - qedimiy we zige xas musteqil tarix, nurghun dinlarni z
ichige alghan rohiy bayliq, ch yksek medeniyetning toqunushida
perwish qilinghan medeniyet.
Mana shuning chnmu biz ejdadlirimiz xatirisige layiq ish qilishimiz krek, z miraslirimizdin paydilinishni bilishimiz, xelqimizning uyquda yatqan kch-qudritini oyghitip, uning tarixiy yeni
zeberdes pellige ktrshimiz lazim.
Bundaqta, menilik hayatqa layiq we bizning hemme ishlirimizni
heriketke keltrgchi kch bolalaymiz.
Bu Allahning emiridur!
Mushu qisqiche doklatimning ayaghlishida bu ilmiy muhakime
yighinni hazirlighuchilirigha alahide teshekkr bildrgm klidu.
Bu muhakime yighinda Dunya Musulmanlar Birlikining (Rabita)
bash katipining yardemchisi Muhemmet Hafir, profssor, doktor
Mhmt Saray, profssor, doktor Niwjat Yalchintash, profssor
doktor Muzaffar zdagh, profssor, doktor Mustafa Kafali, profssor, doktor Mhmt Tutunju, profssor, doktor Abdulqadir Donuk
oxshash chong alim we siyasiy erbablar bilen uchrishish bextige
muyesser boldum, we bu alaqe munasiwetler manga zor payda
we xursenlik hediye qildi. Shuninggha ishenchim kamilki, muhakime yighin matriallirini ptkl dunya, eng awwal uyghur xelqi
180

Allah-taalah sizlerge xatirjemlik we salametlik bergey, Amin!

Uyghur terjimisi:
Jimi hemdursane alemlerning perwerdigari Allagha xasdur.
Allah nahayiti shepqetlik we mhrimdur.
Qimmet knning Igisidur. (Rebbimiz)
Sengila ibadet qilimiz we Sendinla yardem tileymiz.
Bizni toghra yolgha bashlighin.
Ghezipingge yoluqqanlarning we azghanlarning yoligha emes,
in'am qilghanlarning yoligha (bashlighin). Amin.
al-Fatiha, Koran.
Ikkinchi qtimliq dunyawi uyghur yashlirining medeniyet
knlirige qarita
NUR MUHEMMET QARAXANNING
tebrik szining tzisliri.
(Myunxn, Grmaniye. 9-13-noyabir, 1996-yili).

YASHLAR WE UYGHUR XELQINING KLECHIGI

Bismillehirrahmanirrahim!
Muhterem yighin hey'iti!
Eziz dostlar!
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z yashlirining teqdirini we ularning hayat meqsiti boyiche oylanmighan milletning klechiki yoq.
Shu sewebtin, bir yil aldida hazirqi uyghur yashlirining herikiti
qurulush bshida turghanbiz.
Shundaqla, bgnki knde, silerge ikkinchi dunyawi uyghur
yashlar yighinning qatnashquchilargha salam brishim, mni kp
qana'etlendridu.
Bgnki uchrishinglar medeniy uchrishi dep, oylinip, teyyarlanlighi, elwette tasadipiy bir sewebler bilen, yaki siyasiy htiyatliq
bilen bolghan bir ish emestur. Biz bilimizki, hazirqi yashlar herikitini birla siyasiy heriketke aylandurushqa intiliwatqan, yashlarning
iradisini we kchini bgnki knlk, waqitliq siyasiy meqsetlerni
hel qilishqa paydilanmaqchi bolghan ademler kp. Elwette, siyasiy pa'aliyette yashlarsiz ish qilish mmkin emes. Ijtima'iy zgirishlerni heriketke keltrgchi kchlirining rolini her dayim we
her yerde, yashlar oynaydu, ularning eqli we qoliliri bilen inqilaplar
qilin'ghan, yeni dletler peyda bolghan, impriyiler qurulghan.
Emma, tarix bashqa nersilernimu krsetken. Siyasiy urush otigha
tashlan'ghan ewladlarning teqdiri nahayiti chinarliq bolarkin, eger
ular ulugh meqsetni kzde tutmay, xelqning gllinishini we bextini
aliy meqset krmey, byk bir ghaye astida toplanmisa.
Mubalighisiz ytqanda, uyghur xelqining teqdiri, bgnki knde
xewp-xeterlik, muhim burulush peytige klip qaldi. Belkim silerge
gheliti anglinishi mmkin, emma uyghurlargha keliwatqan asasi
hewp we bextsizlik, dlitini yoqatqanliqidin emes. Dertmen uyghur
xelqimiz, qedimiy, kp'esirlik tarixida bir nechche qtim zining
dlitini yoqatqan (wetinini bolsa, hch kim tartip alalmighan we
alalmaydu), qayta tikligen we yene yoqatqan.
Qiyin ehwalimiz shuki, uyghurlar bgnki knde milletning
tp asasi, mahiyiti bolghan uning medeniyitini, rohini, shundaqla, Tengri teripidin aldin-ala belgilengen rolini yoqitish aldida turuwatidu.
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Uyghur xelqi tarihiy sewenlik we tashqiy kchlerning tesir netijiside, Merkiziy Asiya medeniyitining (uygharliqning) asaslirini
slishning bshida turghan, ushbu byk ishlarning tereqqiyatigha
eqli we ilahiyi qudretke ige kchi bilen (passi'onarliq) trtke bergen
millet, bgnki knde bolsa dunyawi tereqqiyatning sirtida bolup
qaldi, xeterlik turghun we chkinishke, ijtima'iy halaketke yzlendi.
Uyghurlarning yashash da'irisi qisqirashqa yzlinip kchiywatqanliqi hemmimizni teshwishlendridu. Uyghurlarning Xitay Xelq
jumhuriyitidin sirtigha kchp chiqishidin we ijtima'i-iqtisadi
sewebler bilen Orta Asiyadiki uyghurlarning Gherbke kchshidin (asasen Trkiye, Ereb dletlirige) uyghur xelqining zich yashash alahidiliki ytp ktip baridu, esli bu xususiyet bizning xelqimizning millet spitide saqlinish we millet qatari terkib tpishning
asasidur.
Baghlinish shara'itimiz twen bolghachqa milliy rp-adetlirimizni,
tilimizni we addiy alaqe-munasiwetlirimizmu yoqap ktishke az
qliwatidu.
Uyghur ammisining ijtima'i-pa'aliyet ylnshliri we uninggha
munasip ehmiyet-qimmiti sistmisi zgerdi. Eng burun, eqli
pa'aliyetke ehmiyet brishni untuduq, uyghur xelqining alahidiliki
we milletning tereqqiy tpishta muhim bir menbesi bolghan, yene
dunya jem'iyitining aldida orun igileshke lchem rolini oynighan,
zimizge xas xususiyettin ayrilduq.
Ziyaliylarning yterlik bolmighanliqi, yziqlarning tz-tz zgirip
turushi netijiside, medeniy warisliq buzulup, ye ptnley zlp
qaldi. Pelsepewiy medrisiler, medeniyet merkezliri, edebiet-senet
merkezliri qatarliq ilim-meripet sorunliri yoqap ketti. Dunyada tunji qtim kitap bsip chiqarghan xelqning zining milliy neshriyati
yoq. Xelqimizning asasiy qismi z tarixining we medeniyetning
utuqliridin paydilinishqa imkansiz qaldi.
Bu toghriliq, yqinda, Stanbul shehiride tkzlgen, ikkichi xelq'ara
Sherqiy Trkistan tarixi we medeniyet ilmiy muhakime yighinida,
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dunyadin her teripidin kelgen qatnashquchiliri bu mesililer boyiche

teshwishliq halda sz qildi.
Shu sewebtin, uyghur xelqini saqlinip qlish nuqtiinezerdin
qarighanda we uning klechikini teminlesh chn, bgnki
knde uyghur yashlirining aldida eng muhim, asasiy wezipe
bardur, bu uyghur rohini, medeniyitini, eqli we irade kchini
tirildurup, uyghur xelqini dunya tereqqiyatining r'al bir subykti qatarida tikleshtin ibarettur.
Elwette, siyasetke intilwatqanlargha, derhal milletni azat qilip
xelq dahiysi bolushqa mid baghlighanlargha, chiqip kozghulan
ktrshke chaqirghanlargha, mning qoyghan meqsetler belkim
aktu'alliq emes bolup krnp, szlirim zriktrwtishi mmkin.
Emma, mning eng kp isteydighinim, uyghur yashliri dunyawi
eqli, tijariy, maliye, medini sahelerning ichide zige layiq orunlarni igelleshke, uyghur oqughuchilirigha bashqa milletlerdin twen
emes imtiyazliq bilim lish imkaniyetlerge ige bolushini, zamaniwi
axbarat txnologiyilirige kirish mmkinchiliki bar bolup, zining
yoshurun ngida saqlap yatqan milliy oy-pikirlirining we ijadiyetning sanaqsiz bayliqi asasida ataqliq mutepekkrler, ataqliq alimlar, ataqliq tijaretchiler, yazghuchilar, sha'irlar, sen'etchiler uyghurlardin chiqsa!

Men oylaymenki, bgnki yighin Birleshken Milletler Teshkilatning we UNESCO ning ma'arip, medeniyet, sen'et ishliri boyiche
komissiyisining panasida, mexsus xelq'ara programmini hazirlash
we ijra'i qilish teshebbuskari bolup chiqishi mmkin.
Bu programmining alahidiliki shuki tarixi seweblerning r'alliq
astida, zige xas weziyette yashashqa mejbur bolghan xelqning,
shundaqla dunyawi medeniyetning we dini en'enisining her xil tarmaqlirigha mensup, medeniy dunyasi bar, uning stige her trlk
oxshimas ijtima'i-siyasiy we ijtimayi-medeniy ylnshlirining
ichide, bir qanche dletlerde yashawatqan milletni saqlap qlish we
tereqqiyat yoligha bashlash mesilisidin ibarettur.
Uyghur yashlirining herikiti emdi quruluwatidu. Belki, mesisilierni
muzakire qilish netijiside, yighin qatnashquchiliri, qandaqtur bir
qararlargha klishi mmkin. Biraq, zige hsawat brishi krekki,
yashlar herikiti he dgen bilen, yaki qarar lishi bilen, peyda bolmaydu. Teshkiliy qurulushi eng muhim ammilirini we nishanlarni
ishlep chiqirish, ghir we uzaq muddetlik ishlar aldimizda.
Yashlar herikiti yashlarning r'al yashash sharaiti hemde zor kpchlk yashlar ammisigha wekillik qilalaydighan hemde ularning
asasida peyda bolushi lazim. Teyyarlighuchilarning ta bgn'giche,
hetta bu yighinni uyushturghan jeryandimu yz bergen kamchiliq
we xataliqlarni bashqa tekrarlimasliqi krek.

Bgnki dunyawi uyghur yashlirining medeniy uchrishishi bir qatar programmilarni tzp chiqish we ularning keng trde ish-heriket bashlap brish mmkinchiliki bar.

Eng muhimi, yashlar herikitini siyasiy tewekklchiliktin saqlap qlish, her xil siyasiy guruhlarning menpi'etige paydilinishtin himaye
qilishimiz lazim.

Bu programmilarning meqsiti milliy en'ene we milliy medeniyet asasida, zamaniwi dunya tereqqiyat yolining ichide, milliy
tirilish we rawajlinish uchun, keng da'iride yashlar herikitini
peyda qilish.

Xelq'ara balilar we yashlar teshkilatlirining siyasiy, eqli we teshkili

yoshurun kchini bizning milliy tereqqiyatimizning htiyajlirigha
paydilinishni ginish lazim, her trlk yashlar jama'et kchliri
bilen alaqe bashlap we mezmunluq birikishni ornitish zrr.

Yashlarning tereqqiyat programmiliri, aldin hel qilishqa tgishlik

sahelerni z ichige alalaydu we lishi lazim, bu bolsa, ma'arip, axbarat, milliy tijaret we bedi'iy ijadiyet.

Tarixi menagha ige bolalaydiki, yashlar herikiti, kim uyghur yashlirining tereqqiyat tpishi chn yterlik imkaniyetlerni emili ish
arqiliq yaritip, we buninggha yterlik menbe we qurulmilarni wu-

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judqa keltrp, ishni lip ktelise.

Yashlarning teshkilati, uyghur xelqning klechikini layiheleshtrsh we yasash ishliri boyiche layihe tzsh we teshkili
merkez bolushi lazim. Uyghurlargha 21 esirdiki tereqqiyat yoligha
kirish imkaniytini yashlardin bashqa hch kim brelmeydu.
Bu ishta, hemmimizge muweppeqiyet tileymen!
Uyghur xelqining klechikige ishench bildrimen!
Silerning tarixiy yultuzinglarning nurluq bolushigha
ishenchim kamil!
Tengri yar-ylek bolghay, Amin!
Qirghizistan uyghurliri Ittipaq jem'iyitining Merkiziy
Kngeshning muddettiki xizmiti toghruluq re'isi
NUR MUHEMMET QARAXANNING
hsawat doklati
(Bishkek, Qirghizistan. 1992-1997-yiliri).

Ittipaq yengi dewr basquch aldida

Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim!
Essalamu eleykum hrmetlik mhmanlar, eziz wetendashlar!
Qirghizistan uyghurlirini birleshtrgen ijtima'iy teshkilat Ittipaq jem'iyitning qurulghanliqigha, top-toghra 7 yil tti.
Bu muddet, bek uzun bolmisimu bizning bundaq milliy uyushmini qurush toghriliq pikrimiz kreklik bolupla qalmastin birdin-bir
toghra bolghan dep xulase qilghili bolidu.
Ittipaqning barliqqa klishige qeder rspublika miqiyasida, bolupmu uning sirtida uyghurlarning ehwali emes, uyghurlarning
mewjutluqini az sanliqlar biletti. Hetta hakimiyet orunliri uyghurlarning mewjutluqini bilmigendekla. Bu toghriliq hch bir xewer
lan qilinmaytti.

qlish ghir bolupla qalmastin ishqa ashurush mmkin emeslikini

hazir kz aldigha keltrsh nahayiti qiyin. Her tereptin, hetta uyghurlarning z ichidimu xawatirlinish bolupla qalmastin tzdin-tz
qorqunch pikirlermu anglandi. Milliy ijtima'iy uyushmining barliqqa klishini z waqtidiki hakimiyet orunliri rspublikidiki milliy
dostluqqa buzghunchiliq dep qarap, bizlerni milletchilikte milliy,
blgnchilikte eyiplidi.
Biraq Ittipaq teshkil qilindi hem Qirghizistanda yashawatqan
barliq milliy guruppilargha lge bolup, tnji bahar qalghichidek
milliy oyghunushning baharigha bashlamchi boldi. Bu jeriyan her
birimiz guwah bolghan Qirghizistan Xelqning Assamblyasining dunya miqyasida lgisi bolmighan alahide milliy jem'iyetlerning
birleshmisi, milletler ara tinchliqni, grazhdanlar otturisidiki birlikni, ptn xelqlerning yqin qoshnidarchiliqini, her birsining tereqqiyatini kzde tutqan uyushmisini tzshke lip keldi.
1992 - yili iyul yida, bundin 4 yil ilgiri Qirghizistandiki uyghurlarning ikkinchi qurultiyida birinchi qtim uyushmining anchimu
kp bolmighan ishini yeknliduq. Mesililerni tehlil qilduq, ish-herikitimizning meqsidini, sheklini hem mtodlirini niq belgileshke
heriket qilduq.
Siler znglar bilgendek, medeniy-aqartish ishliri tar ramka ichide
qamilip qalmasliq krek dgen qararlar lin'ghan idi. Rspublikidiki
uyghurlarning turmushida lip baridighan ishlarni belgileydighan
yngi nizamname qobul qlin'ghan idi. Qurultayda saylan'ghan
Merkiziy Kngeshning xizmiti shu krsitilgen ylinishte qanat
yaydi.
Ijtima'i-siyasi ishlar
Merkiziy Kngeshke ijtima'i-siyasiy ylinishte bir qanche toplam
mesilerni hel qilishqa toghra keldi.

tken yillarning shert-weziyiti bilen ytqanda bundaq pikirni qobul

Millitimizning siyasiy we ijtima'iy turmushida szsiz we birdin bir

muhim weqelerning birsi bolup 1995-yili rspublikimizning pr-

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zidnti Asqar Aqa'wning uyghur jama'etchiliki bilen uchrishishni

teshkillesh we emelge ashurush boldi. Uchurushush Lbdinowka yzisining medeniyet yide bolup tti. Bu uchrushini alahide
uchurushush dep ytqili bolidu.

qiy Trkistan jumhuriyitining 50 - yilliqini nishanlanlash weqeliri

seweb boldi. Eger mushundaq waqtida Xitay hkmet ytekchilirining Qirghizistanda qilghan sepirini eske alghanda weziyet tximu
ochuq chshinishlik bolidu.

Bgnki qurultay wekillirining kpchilik qismi uchrishishqa qatnashti hem bundaq yqimliq xushalliqta uchrishishning tkenliki
esliride. Dmokratiyelik iqtisadiy islahatlarni yrgzshte milletler
ara dostluqni kcheytip, Qirghizistanning muqumliqigha, tinchliq
halitini saqlashta Ittipaqning qoshqan hessisi we Ittipaq
wekilining Aliy Kngeshtiki aktip paaliyti przidnt A.Aqa'w
teripidin yuqiri bahalandi. Ittipaqning birinchi bolup uyghur milliy -medeniyet kni Qirghizistan-bizning umumiy yimiz sho'ari
astida tkzsh przidnt teripidin tekitlendi we bu heriket hazir
yaxshi adetke aylandi. Przidnt bizning uyghur xelqi dch kelgen mesililerni chongqur chshnp, uni hel qilishta her tereplime
heriket qilidighanliqqa ishendrdi. Uchrishishta uyghurlar olturaqlashqan orunlarda uyghur mekteplirini chish, chet'eldiki yuqiri
oqush orunlirigha uyghur yashlirini yollash hem radi'o tlwizorlarda uyghurche xewer brish waqtini uzartish pikirliri qollap quwwetleshke ige boldi.

Barliq mesililerning hakimiyet orunliri bilen hel bolushida peqet

milliy jem'iyitimizning hoquqini himaye qilmay uyghur xelqining medeniyitini qoghdash we bu hoquqni emelge shishi chn
r'aliqqa layiq mxanizmni qurush krek idi. Bu addiy ish emes,
hazirqi kn'gichilik hemme milletlerning asas qanunida bkitilgen
teng hoquqliqidin bashqa jem'iyette hem memlikette bu hoquqning
ishqa ashurulush kapaletligi, mxanizmi we tertipini belgileydighan
normilar we akt ishlep chiqirilmighan.

Przidntimizning kngl blshi uyghur jama'etchiliki teripidin

mid we teshekkur bilen qobul qilindi. Biz oylaymizki, przidntimiz imkaniyet bolghanda qayta biz bilen uchrushup, bizning mesililirimiz we ytilghan xahishlirimizgha qayta qayrilip turushqa
imkaniyet yaritip bridu.
Bu hazir bolupmu kreklik, sewebi, axirqi yillarda hakimiyet orunliri bilen bizning ijtima'iy herikitimiz otturisida alahide belgilik
derijide klishmeslik yz berdi. tken yilning mart yida rspublikining Ediliye ministirligi hetta jem'iyitimizning paaliyitini 3
aygha toxtitish toghriliq qarar qobul qildi. Mesilining bu derijige
ytip brishigha asasen bizning gzitimizde Qirghizistan asasiy
qanunida ruxset qilinmighan chet'ellerning ichki ishlirigha xilapliq
qilidighan maqalilerning bsilishi we Ittipaq jem'iyetning Sher188

Jem'iyet Merkiziy Kngishi teripidin bu mesililerni hel qilish chn

bir qatar tedbirler qobul qilindi.
Herxil derijilik kngeshlerge lip bridighan saylamgha xelqimiz
aktiw qatnashti. Uyghurlar yashighan orunlarda hemmisi bolup 9
kandidat krstldi. Biz Nowo-pokrowka yza kngishige peqet 3
kishining saylishigha muyesser bolaliduq.
Bu bir tereptin, bizning saylam aldidiki ishlirimizning ytersizliki
bolsa, ikkinchidin az sanliq milletlerning wekillirige qanuni jehettiki kapaletlikning ytersiz ikenligi dep ytqili bolidu. Shu seweblik
Qirghizistan rspublikisining przidnti Asqar Aqa'wning namigha
uyghur jama'etchiliki namidin az-sanliq milletler wekillirining
hkmet orunliridiki temin qilalaydighan halda saylam toghriliq
qanun'gha zgertish kirgzshni soran'ghan xet brildi. Bizning
bergen pikrimizge bina'en, bu mesile boyiche OBSE wekillirining
Qirghizistan tashqi ishlar ministirliqining hem Qirghizistan Xelq
Assamblyasi wekillirining we xelq'ara mutexessislerning, Aliy
Kngesh dputatliri teklip qilinip xelq'araliq sminar tkzldi.
Ushbu sminar qatnashquchilirining pikirliri Aliy Kngeshke we
hkmet orunlirigha yetkzldi. Hakimiyet orunlirigha saylam tkzgende hem Aliy Kngesh dputatlirining sunush qilishi bilen az
189

sanliq milletlerning hoquqi toghriliq qanunning layihisi qaralghandimu biz az sanliq milletlerni alahide eske lishi kreklikini telep
qilduq. Bizning pikirlirimizni Qirghizistan Xelq Assamblyasining terkiwige kirgen bashqa milletlerning ijtima'iy jem'iyetlerning
wekillirimu qollap quwwetlidi. Bu mesilining toluq hel bolushi,
bu heqtiki qanun layihisini Aliy Kngeshte qarighanda mmkin
nwettiki saylimigha yqiniraq qalghanda hel bolushi ktlidu. Bu
mesilige biz z pikrimizni quwwetlep telep qilishni dawam qilimiz.
Ittipaq jem'iyiti uyghurlirining dayimliq we waqitliq mesililiri
toghriliq rspublika jama'etchilikini xewerdar qilish chn bashqa
mmknchilikilimizdinmu paydilinildi. Bgnki Ittipaq ytekchilirining Qirghizistan xelqlirining qurultayda ammiwi xewer
wastliri Qirghizistan Xelq Assamblyasining kngishinige eza bolup qatnishishida przidnt Asqar Aqa'w hem bash-ministr A. Jumaghulowlar bilen bolghan her qtimliq uchrishishlardiki bergen
xewerliri misal bolalaydu.
Ittipaq jem'iyitining eng chong utuqliridin birsi bolup zlirining
musteqil ammiwi xewer alaqe wasitisi qurush mesilisining hel bolushi bolup hsaplinidu. 1994 -yili mart yidin bashlap Orta Asiya
uyghurlirining tarixida tunji qtim uyghurche hem rus tilida chiqidighan gzit chiqishning teshkillinishidur. Bu jehette bash rdaktor
Muzepperxan Qurban bashliq Ekber Ba'udun, Ali Ayup, Sabitjan
Babajanow, Rebiye Yaqub, qatarliqlargha rehmet ytimiz. Shuning
bilen birge merhuzlar Abliz Rozi we Hekim Rozi akilirimizning
qoshqan hessisini untulqasaq bolmaydu. Hazirche bu gzitning tirazhi 1300 dane bolup elwette ytishsiz.
Ittipaq aktipliri gzitning keng tarilishi chn kplep kch chiqarmaqta. Gzit keng miqyasida uyghur tarixini chongqur chshendrmekte. Bu xususen yashlar chn bek muhim. Egerde gzitimiz uyghurlarning hazirqi kndiki turmushidiki mesililirige kprek
kngl blp, z mmknchiligi bilen ularni hel qilishqa yardem
bergen bolsa, gzitning tirazhi tximu kngeygen bolar idi. Alahide
kreklik bolushigha qarimastin peqet ilmiy aqartish ishi bilenla
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meshghul bolmay emili turmushtiki emel ishlar bilenmu meshghul

bolushi krek.
Hkmet tlradi'osining ytekchilirige qilghan sunushimizgha
bina'en, uyghur tlradi'oxewer brish xizmiti teshkillendi. Bu Ittipaqning toluq xewer brish sistmisini qurushtiki chong qedimiy
bolup hsaplinidu. Hazirqi knde Merkiziy kngeshte kompyutrlik xewer sistmisining layihisi qarilip chiqti. Bu bizge ptn xewer
sistmisining kainatqa kirishige, bizning minglighan kishilirimizni
zamaniwi xewer sistmisining alaqe wastisi bilen temin qilghili
bolidu. Hazirche zimizde mmknchilik tpilmighanliqi chn,
bu layihini teminlesh chn sirttin maliye menberlirini aktiw izdewatimiz. buninggha Ildan Abbasow ytekchilikide qurulghan Uyghur Tijaretchilirining Assotsi'atsiyasi yardem qilishi mmkin dep
oylaymiz. Ijtima'i-siyasiy ishlarni kngeytishte kplep aktiplarni
bu ishqa jelp qilish Ittipaqning muhim wezipisi.
Buninggha Aqsaqallar Kngishide alahide orun brildi. Bu alahide
hrmetlik organ, uyghurlar ichide muhim mesilerni hel qilishta kp
hesse qoshti. Aqsaqallar Kngishining teklipi bilen muhtajliq kp
a'ililer chn meblegh toplash hem yardem brish uyushturuldi, toy
we depine qilish murasimliri tertipke slindi. Sheher turghunlirini
Kk-Yar mazarliqigha depine qilish mesilisi hel qilindi, yene mehelle ichidiki her xil z-ara naraziliq kz-qarashlarning bir terep
bolushigha yqindin yar ylek bolushti.
Uyghurlar zich olturaqlashqan jaylarda zlirining Aqsaqallar
Kngishi quruldi yaki ularning wekili saylinip ahalining kndilik
turmushidiki mesililerni hel qilishqa mmkin boldi. Bu ishlarda aktiw kch chiqarghan Selim haji Iminow bashliq Abdulmijit
Qari hajimgha, Xemit Kenjige, Isma'il akimizgha, Hakim Rozi
akimizgha, Bari hajimgha, Abdukrim hajimgha, Tursun-Bera hajimgha, Mirzakim hajimgha, Tursun ependi hajimgha, tewekkl
elemge, Nijat Akberowlargha zimizning chongqur minnetdarliqimizni bildrimiz.
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Aktiplarni keng miqyasida ishqa jelp qilish meqsitide 1994 - yil uyghur ayallirining qurultiyi tkzldi hem buningda ayallar kngishi
saylandi. tken muddet ichide saylan'ghan kngesh az ish qilmidi.
8-mart xelq'ara ayallar knige bghishlap yighin chishqa bashlidi.
Ayallar kngishining teklipi bilen xeyrxahliq heriketliri tkzlp
turdi. Qent rayonidiki Srafimowka Qrilar yide intrnattiki gacha balilar chn tamaq brilip konsrtlar qoyuldi. Bu pursettin
paydilinip kpligen eziz anilirimizgha, hede- singillirimizge, ularning ichide hrmetlik Glayim hajim hedimiz bashliq Glbostan hajimgha, Chimen'gl hedimizge, Muqeddes Abbasowa hedimizge
we Na'ile Xusa'inowagha minglarche rehmet.
Uyghur yashlar jem'iyiti qurush chn birinchi qedemlik ishlar
qilindi. Uning wekilliri 1995 - yili ktebirde Almuta shehiride uyghur yashlirining ptn dunyaliq yighinida, 1996 - yili noyabirda
Myunxn shehiride ikkinchi nwetlik dunya uyghur yashlirining
uchrishishigha ishtirak qilindi.
Shundaq halette biz axirqi 3 yilliq muddet ichide Ittipaq ning
ijtima'i-siyasiy ishlirini kngeytishte aktip trde meqsetlik ishliduq.
Bu netijide Ittipaq zining ilgerki halitidin sp ytildi. Bu jeriyanda, Ittipaq jemiyitige yandash halda bir qanche teshkilatlar
barliqqa keldi. Epsuski, rspublikidiki uyushmilarning ytekchiliri
otturisida siyasiy kresh hasil bolmaqta, teshkilat rehberliri birsi
birsige qarimu-qarshi chiqmaqta.
Birmunchilarning pikri boyiche kim ytekchi bolushi krek dgen
mesilide talash tartish qilishning hajiti yoq. Bu uyushmilarning
zlirining heriket plani we zliri qiziqidighan mesililiri mewjut.
Ish-pa'aliyitini orunlashturidighan klishimge klip, Qirghizistandiki uyghur teshkilatlirining birliki bolushi mmkin dep tehlil klishidu.
Bu ikki xil kz qarashning z aldigha ijabiy we selbi terepliri
bar. Dlgatlarning bu mesilini zliri mulahize klip hel qilishqa
mmkunchiligi hem hoquqi bar. Eng muhimi turmushning telipige
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qarshi chiqmastin xelqning her xil mesililirini hel qilip, xelqning

birlikini temin qilip, bashqilarning siyasiy qizghinchiliqigha xizmet
qilmasliqi krek.
Medeniyet we ma'arip-- ishida eng muhim orun milliy medeniyitimizni, tilimizni hem aqartish tereqqiy qildurush hem saqlap qlishqa qaritildi.
Birinchi orun'gha xelqimizning kndilik turmush hayatida milliy
eqil medeniyet sen'et utuqlirini, milliy rp - adetler teshwiqatidin
ibaret shereplik tarixini saqlap qlish hem qayta orun'gha keltrsh
qoyuldi. Bu ylinishtiki bashlan'ghan muhim qedimimiz bolup Qirghizistan tarixida tunji qtim Frunz muzyda uyghur krgezme
blmining chilishi boldi. tken 2,5 yil dawamida krgezme
buyumliri bilen rspublikidiki minglighan turghunlar kpinche
yashlar tonushti.
Uyghurlar jama'etchiliki bilen zamanimizdiki uyghur alimi pelsepiwi penlirining doktori Eziz Narinba'wning 70-yashliq merikisi,
Ulugh Weten Urush pishqedemliri we Sherqiy Trkistan Azadliq
Milliy Armiyasiyaning sheitlirini eslesh yighinliri, sha'ir, yazghuchi Abdurehim tkr toghriliq, uyghur g'ologi Exmetjan Kibirowning 75- yilliqigha bghishlan'ghan xatire kchisi, Exmetjan
Qasimining 80-yilliqigha bghishlan'ghan xatiriler tkzldi.
Bu yuqirida ytilghandek bizning gzitimiz uyghurlar tarixini kengri trde yorutti.
tken muddet ichide bizning sen'et gruppilirimizning aktiw qatnishishi bilen bashqa memliketlerning ataghliq uyghur artistlirini
qatnishishi bilen medeniyet knliri tkzldi. Bundaq merike knlirining hkmet ezalirining Aliy Kngesh dputatlirining, milliy
medeniyet merkezlirining, rspublikining barliq milletlerdin terkib
tapqan kp sanliq turghunlirining qatnishishi bilen tshi kpligen
yashlarni we balilarni uyghurlarning qedimiy milliy medeniyitige
jelp qilip teshwiqat qilish shekli bolup qaldi.
Shinjang Uyghur Aptonom rayondiki kespiy artistlar we medeniy
193

sen'et kollktipliri bilen bolghan alaqining kngiyishni tekitlep ketkili bolidu. Ularning rspublikidiki bergen konsertliri, xelq ammisi
we yashlar bilen uchrushushliri bizning her yilliq paaliyitimizning
terkiwi qismi bolup qaldi. Ularning respublikidiki uyghur
jamaetchiligi bilen uchrushushliri bizge Uyghur senitining gzellikidin hozurlunush yaritish bilen birge wetendiki qerindashlirimizning bgnki hayati bilen tonushush imkaniyiti yaritip brildi.
Almuta uyghur muzikiliq drama we komdiye t'atrining senet
kechiliki utuqluq teshkil qilinip tti, hem Almutidiki uyghur
t'atrining qurulushigha meblegh toplashqa hem xeyrxahliq marafoni tkzshke yardem qilindi.
tken mezgilde Ittipaq jemiyitining uyushturushi bilen Uyghur
ressamlirining gzel senet krgezmiliri tkzldi. Ulardin: wetendiki ataqliq ressam Kerim Nesirdinning, Ittipaq jemiyiti bilen
Ming oy namliq ressamlar jemiyitining birlikte tkzlgen
xelq aralik gzel senet krgezmisini, hemde Sabit Babajanow we
Shawket Tairow krgezmilirini tilgha lip tshke erziydu.
Bizning sen'et kollktiwimiz milliy sen'etni aktiw trde teshwiq qilmaqta. Perhat Hashirow, Exmetjan Ali'w, Erkin Izimow, Peyzullam Polatbkow rehberlikidiki sen'etkarlarning qilghan xizmitige
minnetdarliqimizni bildrimiz. Bular tken 4 yil ichide 30 din artuq
konsrt uyushturdi. Ular barliq memliketlik konsrt programmilirida, dlet bayramlirida, chong heriketlerde konsrt programmisi
bilen qatnashti.
Ittipaqta qira'etxana uyushturush chn uyghur tilidiki kitaplarni
yighish bashlandi.
Yashlarning bilim lishigha Merkiziy Kngesh alahide kngl bldi. Uyghur yashlarning yuqiri derijide bilim lishi chn, shu jmlidin chet'el bilim yurtlirida bilim lish chn meqsetlik trde kch
chiqirildi. Merkiziy Kngesh uyghur mektep ptrgenlerning yuqiri oqush orunlirigha kirishide bilim sewiyisini tekshrsh chn
ma'arip ministirligige ularning tizimini yollashni yolgha qoydi.
194

Hazir jem'iyitimizning kch chiqirishi arqiliq 13 uyghur yash

Trkiyide we dletlerde oqumaqta, 1 mektep ptrgchi ma'arip
ministirliqining teklipi bilen Amrikigha oqushqa ewetildi.
Ittipaq jemiyitining yer ylekte bolushi bilen Shinjangliq 9
neper oqughuchi Qirghizistan uniwrsitetlirigha qushqa chshti, 1
neper oqughuchi Trkiyege oqushqa ketti.
Ereb yziqini ginishni kngeytish chn Shinjang tijaretchiliri arqiliq 500 dane lipbe stip linip mehellerge tarqitildi.
Shundaq bolsimu xelqining medeniy mirasini zleshtrsh hem
byitish chn buningdinmu kp kch chiqirishqa toghra klidu,
ilim we medeniyet sahasini maliyewiy teminleshte meblegh ytishmeslik mesilisi da'im uchrap tursimu, buninggha nisbeten Ittipaqning Merkiziy kngishi sel qarap xelq'ara jem'iyetler fondining paydilinish mmkinchilikige Qirghizistanda hem Shinjangda
yashawatqan uyghur tijaretchilirini jelp qilishqa dgendek aktiw
kirishelmidi.
Hazirqi waqitta, milliy medeniyet bayliqimizni, bolupmu ilmiy
we ijtima'iy bayliqimizni qoghdashni aktiw ehwalgha keltrsh,
hem kpeytish mesilisini hel qilish chn alahide 3 parche umumiy uyghurlar programmiliri layihenmekte. Bu ylnshte biz
Qirghizistandiki uyghur oqush ornigha alahide chong mid baghlaymiz we bu oqush ornini barliq mmknchiliktin paydilinip kngeytish krek.
Yashlar bilen ishlesh
Yashlar bilen ishlesh bolsimu yterlik derijide kngl blnmidi.
Exmtow Muxitdin ytekchiligide Ittipaq ynida bir yashlar guruppisi, Niyazow Kamiljan ytekchilikide Ala-Too sowxozida
bir yashlar guruppisi teshkil qilindi. Bu gruppilar yashlarning ptn ishlirige ytekchilik qilishini z aldigha meqset qilip qoyghan.
Asasen z zini teshkillesh z zini bashqurush we yashlarning
zliri heriketlinish prinsipida hazirqi knde bu guruppilarning birsi
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Ittipaq layihiligen yashlarning we balilarning kompyutr bilen

bilim lish merkizini teshkillesh chn heriket qilmaqta, bu layihe
bir nechche xelq'ara fondlargha hem Birleshken Milletler Teshkilati
tereqqiyat programmisigha ewetildi.
1995-1996-yilliri ichide yashlarning 5 mexsus uyghur-sho'u
namliq sen'et kechliki tkzldi. Yashlar uyghurlarning xelq'ara
alaqirigha aktiw ehwalda chiqmaqta. Biz yqinqi kelgside z aldigha ishleydighan yterlik derijide kchlk yashlarning mesililiri
bilen ishlep, ularni hel qilalaydighan yashlar teshkilatining qurulushigha ishinimiz.
Emdi balilar bilen lip baridighan ijtima'iy ishlarning mmknchiligi we pormisi toghriliq oylashqa toghra klidu.
Ijtima'iy mesililerning hel bolushi
Ittipaq -ning hazirche uyghur jama'etchilikining ijtima'iy mesililirini toluqi bilen yaki bir blgini hel qilishqa mmkinchiliki
yoq hem mmkinchilikke ige bolalmidi. Mushu hesawat mudditi
jeryanida maddiy jehettin nachar teminlen'gen 107 a'ilige maddiy
yardem krsitildi. 4 a'ilige depine murasimige yardem brildi. Buning chn 23.170 som serip qilindi. Besh a'ilige kp baliliq a'ile
jemiyet fondining insanperwerlik yardimi krsitildi.
Ittipaq 1995 yili Kk-yar mazirida mihiyetlerni depine qilish
chn yer mesilisini hem bu mesile qaytidin ktrlgende hel qilishqa qatnashti.
Kpligen qrindashlarning shexsi mesililiri bilen klip muraji'et
qilishi boyiche charilar krldi. Hemmisi bolup mushu muddet
ichide 300din artuq kishilerning her xil mesililiri her xil derijide
hel qilindi.
Shundaq halettimu biz ahalimizning ijtima'iy mesililirini hel qilishta barliq mmknchiliklerning kengri paydilanmighanlighini
chshinimiz. Her kndilik yaki aldimizdiki kplep chiqim telep
qilidighan ijtima'iy mesililerni hel qilishqa barliq mmkin bolghan
196

menbelerdin paydilinip birleshken milliy fondini tzshke hem uni

jama'et ichidin xillinip tzlgen nazaret kngeshning kontrolliqida
paydilinishqa waqit yetti.
Ittipaq bu mesililer toghriliq tijaretchiler bilen szlishishni bashlidi. Bu mesilide nurghunlar qoshulush xahyishini bildrmidi. Kpchilik munberde turup xelq menpeeti toghriliq siyasiy qizghinchiliq
bilen, szligini bilen emeliy ishqa kelgende arqigha chkinishti.
Kpchilik ichide bizni chshen'gen kishilerni tekitleshke bolidu.
Bularning ichide eng aldi bilen Abdurhim Azizow, Rozimemet
haji Abdulbaqi'w, Yarmuhemet Xalimow, Tursuntay Salimow,
Dilshad Xusa'inow, Artiq haji Xaji'w, Abduwali Qurbanow, Abdurshit we Tashtoxti Sabitowlargha, Mewlan Ushurowqa hem
Meryem Sali'walarni atashqa bolidu.
Xelq'araliq paaliyetler
Qirghizistan hakimiyet ytekchiliri zlirining mmkinchilikige
nisbeten bizning mesililirimizni hel qilishqa yardem briwatidu,
biraq biz chshinimizki mushundaq qiyin tknchi dewirde ularning mmkinchiliki nahayiti az. Bizning barliq mesililirimizni
chet'ellerde ishleydighan ptn uyghurlar jem'iyetlirining xelq'ara
teshkilatlarning aktip yardimisiz hel qilish mmkin emes.
Shuning chn Ittipaq Merkiziy Kngishi xelq'araliq xizmetdashliqni kngeytishte chet'ellerdiki uyghurlar uyushmiliri bilen
alaqini kcheytishte yaki bizni qollap quwwetleydighan jem'iyetler
bilen alaqini kcheytishke alahide kngl bldi.
Elwette bu pilanda birinchi bolup chet'eldiki uyghur uyushmiliri
bilen alaqe baghlash boldi.
Bgnki knde umumiy uyghurlar mesilisini z ichige alghan
birmu heriket Ittipaq jem'iyiti qatnashmastin tkzlmeydu dep
ytqili bolidu. 1992-yili Stambulda tkzlgen ptn Dunya Uyghurlirining Birinchi Qurultayda milliy heriket programmisi qarilip, buninggha bizning jem'iyitimizdin 6 kishilik mek qatnashti.
197

Peqet tken yili Myunxn shehiride tkzlgen ptn Dunya

Uyghur Yashlirining ikkinchi qtimliq uchrishishida meshhur uyghur lidri merhum Eysa Yusup Aliptkinning yilliq merikisini
tkzshte hem uning namida Stambulda fond teshkillesh murasimigha Ittipaq wekilliri qatnashti.
Biz trk we ereb memliketlirining xelq'araliq merike heriketlirige,
murasimlirigha teklip chaqiriqlarni alduq hem ulargha qatnashtuq.
Sherqiy Trkistan, Ichki Mongghuliye, Tibetning birleshken
komitti 1993 - yili dkabirda qurultay tkzp, uyghur ahalining
ehwali Merkiziy Asiyadiki weziyet toghriliq xewerler qaraldi. Ittipaqning ytekchisi Nur Muhemmet Kenji bu birleshken komittining mu'awin re'islikige saylan'ghan.
Az sanliq milletler mesilisi boyiche Birleshken Milletler teshkilati
bashqarmisining Bash Komissari teripidin chaqirilghan az sanliq
milletlerning hoquqini qoghdash mesilisi boyiche xelq'araliq sminar Amrika Dmokratiye Instituti teripidin tkzlgen siyasiy
birlik mesilisi, Iran elchixanisi teklipi bilen tkzlgen Ayatolla
Xomyni wapatining 5-yilliq murasimi, Trkistan mesilisi boyiche
Stambulda tkzlgen ilmiy-muhakime yighini, Sherqiy Trkistan,
Ichki Mongghuliye we Tibet birleshken komitti teripidin uyushturulup New York shehiri Kolumbiya uniwrsittida tkzlgen
insan hoquqi toghriliq yighinlar Ittipaq wekillirining ishtirak
qilinishi bilen tti.
Ittipaq jem'iyetning wekilliri atom qoralgha qarshi herikette,
xelq'araliq Nwada-Smipalatinsk atom quraligha qarshi herikette hem uning Lob-Nor blimu, kynirek Qirghizistandiki
Lob-Nor atom quraligha qarshi heriketke aktip qatnashti. Bu heriket arqiliq Bishkek shehridiki Xitay elchixanisining aldida namayish qilish bilen, atom quralini Xitayda (Lob-Norda) sinaq qilishqa
qarshiliq krsitish namayish uyushturuldi. 1994 - yili Qirghizistan
Penler Akadmiyisi hem xelq'araliq Nwada-Smipalatinsk herikiti bilen Yadro qoralsiz Merkiziy Asiya xelq'araliq ilmiy-muha198

kime yighini tkzldi.

1993 - yili awghust Ittipaq ytekchisi Parlamnt wekiller mikining terkibide Trkiyining Ulugh Milliy mejlisining dputatliri
bilen, 1994 - yili martta Amrika Kon'grssmnliri bilen uchrashti.
Bu uchrushushlarda uyghur xelqining ehwali hem mesililiri toghruluq pikirlet otturigha qoyuldi. Jem'iyetning wekilliri Qirghiz
rspublikisida orun alghan chet'el elchixaniliri teripidin tkzlidighan barliq resmiy merike-murasimlargha teklip qilinidu hem qatnishidu, bu addiy uchrushushlar bolmastin, buningda Qirghizistan
uyghurlirining mesililiri dunya jama'etchilikige belgilik bolidu. Biz
buningda pikirdashlarni, ijtima'iy teshkilatlarni hem bizge yardem
qilishqa teyyar hem mmkinchiliki bar kishilerni tpiwatimiz.
Ittipaq jem'iyet ytekchiliki xelq'araliq herikitini bundin nri
kngeytishni hem her xil mesililirimizni hel qilishta mmkinchiliklerdin toluqraq paydilinishni kreklik dep hsaplaydu. Shinjang-Uyghur Aptonom rayondiki Uyghur jem'iyetchiligi bilen bolghan alaqimizni qoyuqlashturushni alahide belgilesh krek. Bir
qisim uyghur siyasetchilirining Xitayning resmiy ytekchilirige
nisbeten klishelmeslik kz qarashliri tpeyli tarixi wetinimizde
yashawatqan 30 milliyonluq xelqimiz bilen alaqe heriketlirimizdin
was kchishi toghra emes.
Ittipaq hazir ijtima'iy teshkilat spitide zining yngi tiptiki ish
herikitining aldida turuwatidu. Ittipaqning barliqqa klish dewri
ayaghliship, asasliq ishlirining ylinishliri belglendi. Yterlik derijidiki aktiplar teshkillendi. tken zini mustehkemlesh yillirigha
qarighanda hazir ahalining keng trde qatnishishi bilen kndilik
ishimizni barliq ylinishte toluqi bilen yolgha qoyush perqlinidu.
Bu xelqimizning barliq mesililirini hel qilish, xelqimizning turmushini yaxshilap, qedimki tarixqa ige uyghur xelqining tereqqiyatini hazirqi zamanning telipige layiq 21- esir bosughisida turghan
dunya tereqqiyatigha layiq temin qilish.
Bu ishlirimizda, Tengri yer-ylek bolghay, Amin!
199

Merkiziy Asiya Uyghur alaqe-uchur

we layihe merkizining mudiri
NUR MUHEMMET QARAXANNING
Xelq'ara konfrnsiyege teyyarlan'ghan sz tzisliri
(Brussl shehiri, Blgiye. 2001- yili, 17- ktebir).

UYGHUR MU'EMMALIRIGHA
CH KZ-QARASH
Hrmetlik janablar we xanimlar!
Qimmetlik wetendashlar!
Wetinidin tashqiri yashawatqan uyghurlar toghriliqla emes, umumen ptkl uyghur xelqi toghriliq ytsaq, Xitay dlitige nisbeten
ch xil mewqe mewjuttur.
Birinchisi - u Xitayning Shinjang-Uyghur aptonom rayonida yashaydighan uyghur ahalisi kpchilikining mewqesidur. Ular gherbiy-shimalgha, xususen mushu intayin bay lkidiki menbelerni
ishlep paydilinish sahasigha baghliq Xitayning tnikiliq kspansiyesige, Xitay emeldarlirining kplep klishidin teshwishlenmekte.
Uyghur ahalisini shundaqla kologiye mesililirimu jiddiy teshwishlendrmekte.
Lkin, tekrarlaymenki, wetende yashaydighan kpligen uyghurlar chn bu mesile qurultiyimizning mawzusida qoyulghinidek
keskin derijide emes. Rast, Xitay memuriyiti bilen munasiwette
mu'emmalar mewjut, dep hsaplaydu ular. Lkin bu mu'emmalar
Uyghuristanning azatliqi chn xelq urushini achqidek derijide
keskin emes. lkidiki hakimiyetning resmiy wekilliridin ibaret
bolghan uyghur rehberliri mushu mewqeni eng izchil halda iz'har
qilishmaqta. Ular lkini tereqqiy etkzsh chn milliy menbelerni
jelip qilish; qorshap turghan muhitni himaye qilish barliq milliy toplar chn we xususen mushu zminning tplk ahalisi chn teng
imkaniyetlerni yaritish heqqide ytishmaqta, milliy aptonomiyini
mustehkemlep kngeytishke urunmaqta.
200

Umumen kommunistik sistma hkmranliq qilghan dlette hayatning bir qismi tken adem bolghanliqtin shuni ytalaymenki,
mushu sistma ichide yashaydighan ademler adette uni tenqidiy
qobul qilmaydu. Ular chn bu sistma peqet z ailisini bqish,
balilirigha bilim brish we bashqa mesililerni hel qilish oxshash
kpligen mu'emmalar mewjut bolghan adettiki hayatla bolup hsablinidu. Emma bu mu'emmalar arisida kommunistik ishghaliyettin azad bolush mu'emmasining yoqluqi roshendur. Shundaqla
erkinlik chshenchisining zimu nispidur.
Gherb dunyasi qobul qiliwatqan we gheripning ammiwi axbarat
wastliride briliwatqan nerse - yeni uyghur xelqining irqi qirghinchiliqqa uchrawatqanliqi heqqide ytiliwatqan szler pat-patla wetendiki uyghur ahalisi arisida keskin inkasni hasil qilmaydu. Bezide
hch qandaq inkasmu yoq.
Xelqimizning bir qismi chn r'alliq eyni shundaq.
Bashqa wekillirimiz - adette bular muhajirlar; yene klip Uyghuristandin intayin yiraqta istiqamet qiliwatqan muhajirlar uyghur
xelqining erkinliki mu'emmasini keskin derijide qobul qilidu. Ular
gherb jem'iyitining erkinliki toghriliq tesewwurlarning shekillen'gen
qa'idilirini qobul qilip, chshinip, bu yerge gen'gendin kyin emdi
wetende yz briwatqan weqelerni qobul qilghusi kelmeydu, elwette. Mning, mushundaq wetendashlirimning kpchiliki uyghur
xelqining musteqilliqini we dletchiligini qolgha keltrsh chn
barliq amallar, hetta esheddiy radikalliq wasitilerni qollinishi krek
dep hsaplaydu. Ular hetta hazir qolliniliwatqan xelq'ara hoquq
normiliri bilen hsaplashmay we ulargha qarshi halda Uyghuristanni Xitaydin blwlishni telep qilishmaqta.
Emdi Xitay kommunistik memliket bolghanliqtin bu mesilini barliq
kommunistlargha qarshi kchler pa'al paydilanmaqta we ular uni
kommunizmgha qarshi kresh dep tesewwur qilishmaqta. Oylaymenki, eger Xitayda kommunistlar bashqurmisa we u dunyawi
iqtisadiy klubqa - birleshmige eza bolghan bolsa, u chaghda hazir
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uyghurlarni qollap-quwwetligchilerning kpchiliki bu ishni qilmighan bolar idi. z dletchiligi chn krishiwatqan kurdlar, shimaliy irlandiyalikler, basklarning we kpligen bashqa xelqlerning
misali biz chn ispattur. Shundaq bolghan teqdirde mushu zalda
olturghan hemmimizni xelq'ara trroristlar dep atashqan bolar idi.

wetleymiz dgen sz. Eksiche, mushu dletlerning yerlik hakimiyet orunlirining uyghur xelqi zige qarshi qaritilghan; xelqimizning
saqlinishigha hem birlik spitide tereqqiy tishige tosalghuluq qiliwatqan oy-niyetlirige we heriketlirige qarshiliq krsitimiz. Krek
bolsa, her qandaq keskin shekillerde qarshi chiqimiz.

Men chinchi yolgha emel qilidighan ademler topigha - uyghurlargha te'elluqmen. Bu yolning asasiy prinsipliri nahayiti addiy: uning birdin - bir eng chong qimmiti we eng chong meqsiti shundaqki, u insaniyet tarixigha, medeniyet tereqqiyatigha bibaha
hesse qoshqan qedimiy xelq - uyghurlarning saqlinip qlishi
we tereqqiy tishini teminleshtin ibaret. Bu xelqning tarixqa
qoshqan hessisi bolsa, ptkl insaniyetning bayliqi bolup hsaplinidu. Hazirqi dunyada yashawatqan uyghurlarning, yeni bizning
tarixiy wezipimiz eyni shuningdin ibaret.

Biz mushundaq mentiqige emel qilip, mesilen, Xitay hakimiyet orunlirigha uyghurlarning milliy rawajlinishini qollap-quwwetleshke nishan qilin'ghan bir trkm layihelerni emelge ashurushni teklip qilduq. Shundaqla bizni bu mesilide chshench bilen
qarshi alghanliqigha qana'et hs qilduq.

Barliq qalghan meqsetler, eger mezkur asasiy meqsetni qolgha

keltrshke yardem qilsa, eger ularni emelge ashurush uyghur xelqining menpe'etlirige, uning milliy tereqqiyatigha xizmet qilsa,
peqet shu teqdirdila xelqni bashlap mngishi mmkin.
Ikkinchi - bir muhim prinsipimiz - u uyghurlarning musteqilliqidur. Biz peqetla dletlik musteqilliqni emes, belki tximu byk,
yksek nerse - milliy musteqilliqni kzde tutmaqtimiz.
Biz, uyghurlar, hazir tarixiy shert-shara'itqa baghliq bir nechche
dletke te'elluq boluwatqan zminlarda yashap kliwatimiz. Barliq
bu eller zlirining siyasiy we iqtisadiy sistmiliri boyiche, turmush
shara'iti we derijisi boyiche, uyghur xelqining mu'emmalirigha bolghan munasiwiti boyiche perqlinidu. Biz chn uyghurlar istiqamet
qiliwatqan dletlerning menpe'etliri aldida bir ptnlk spitidiki
uyghur xelqining menpe'etliri birinchi nwetlik bolup hsaplinidu,
elwette.

Hazirning zide Merkiziy Asiya boyiche umumi uyghur axbarat

(alaqe-uchur) tarmiqini (torini) qurush ishliri bashlinip ketti. Xitaygha qoshna ellerde uyghur mekteplirini chish, rmchide
Merkiziy Asiya ellerdiki uyghur jem'iyetlik teshkilatliri rehberlirining uchrishishini tkzsh heqqide qarar qobul qilindi, bir qatar
birleshken tijaret layihelerni emelge ashurush, balilar chn uyghur
tilida milliy edebiyatlarni neshir qilish, medeniy almashturushlarni
kngeytish mesililiri muhakime qilinmaqta.
Bu peqet deslepki qedemler. Biz buningdin kyin bashqimu
qedemler tashlinidu dep ishinimiz.
Biz mushu ishni uzaq muddetlik asasqa koyush lazim dep hsaplaymiz. Uni Shinjang-Uyghur aptonom rayoni xelq hkmiti ynida dayim ishleydighan ish topini (guruppisini) qurush hsabigha
emelge ashurush mmkin. Bu ish topi terkibige Merkiziy Asiyaning
barliq ellerdiki, shundaqla yiraq chet'ellerdiki uyghur teshkilatlirining wekillirini kirgzsh krek.

Bu, eger mushu dletlerning siyasiti uyghur xelqining

menpe'etlirige, uning rawajlinishigha xizmet qilsa, yaki shuning
chn zrr shara'it yaratsa, biz mushundaq siyasetni qollap - quw-

z nwitimizde biz chet'ellerde tereqqiyat programmilirini qollapquwwetlesh boyiche xelq'ara uyghur fondini; Merkiziy Asiya uyghur teshkilatliri ittipaqini qurush boyiche; yeni umumi uyghur jipsiliqi chn, xelqimizning tereqqiyati, uning parawanliqini emelge
ashurush, uyghur ilim-pen bilen medeniyitini rawajlandurush mesililirige birliship qatnishish chn teshkiliy mxanizimlarni-cha-

202

203

re-tedbirlerni shekillendrsh boyiche ish lip briwatimiz.

Epsuski, Xitaygha qoshna dletlerde mundaq bir qliplashqan halet mewjut: eger birer mesile uyghurlargha munasiwetlik bolsa,
bu dmek, Xitaygha qarshi mesile bolup hsaplinidu. Kyinki yillarda, Merkiziy Asiya memliketlirining Xitay bilen munasiwetliri
normalliship mustehkemlen'gendin kyin, chgra mesililiri muweppeqiyetlik hel qilinip, hetta Shangxey klishimliri da'iriside
birleshken bixeterlik sistmisini qurush bashlan'ghandin kyin, bu
ellerning rehberliki uyghurlargha nisbeten neq yuqirida tekitlen'gen
kz qarashqa asaslan'ghan siyasitini yrgzwatidu. Biz emeliyette
shuninggha duchar boluwatimizki, bu ellerde uyghurlarning milliy
tereqqiyatini qollap-quwwetligen her qandaq heriket, sparatizim blgnchilik herikiti, Xitaygha qarshi qaritilghan heriket spitide
bahalanmaqta. Shundaqla heqiqeten Xitaygha qarshi heriket yz
berse, uninggha uyghurlar sewebkar dep bahalanmaqta.
Mana mushu hadisini hazir biz uyghur milliy herikiti we umumen xelqimiz chn eng jiddiy xewp-xeter dep chshinimiz. U
bolupmu hazir, Amrika qoshma shtatlirida 11 sntebir kni, yz
bergen dehshetlik paji'edin kyin dunyawi birleshme xelq'ara trrorizimgha qarshi krishish yollirini we trroristlar zlirini pa'al
izdeshturwatqan waqitta, nahayiti xewpliktur. Bu kreshni bashqiche pikir qilidighanlargha qarshi heriketke aylandurmasliq lazim.
Ptn-srk xelqlerge trroristlar qalpiqini kiydrp ulargha
nisbeten kemstish siyasitini yrgzshke yol qoymasliq lazim.
Biz uyghur xelqining teghdirige teshwish qiliwatqan xelq'ara we
gheripning jama'etchiligining diqqitini neq shuninggha qaritishni
xalighan bolar iduq.
Bizni shundaqla uyghurlar arisidiki kchp qonush jeryanliri
xaraktrimu jiddiy teshwishlendrmekte. Asiyaning uyghurlar
yashaydighan birmu dliti iqtisadiy sewebler jehettin uyghurlarni
meptun qilmasliqi htimaldin yiraq emes. Shunglashqa her yili
barghansiri nurghun uyghurlar z wetinini tashlap, tereqqiy etken
ellerge ktishke intiliwatidu. Qaide teriqiside ular-xelqimizning
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ijtimaiy jehettin eng pa'al, gheyretlik qismi. Ular - yaki yashlar,

yaki bay tijaretchiler. Kchsh herikiti bolsa zlkidin niq haldiki
selbiy amil bolup hsaplanmaydu. Biraq u qandaq shara'itta yz
briwatidu-mesile eyni shuningda.
Kchsh herikitining yoshurun xaraktrde bolushi, qollap-quwwetlesh sistmiliri bilen xizmetlirining yoqluqi, kchp kelgenlerge bezide keskin halda dshmenlik munasiwetning mewjutluqi
kchmenlerni yaxshiliqqa, parawan yashashqa emes, belki xelqning paji'esige, uning qirilip yoqilishigha aylandurmaqta.
Bizde, Qirghizistanda, uyghur yashlirining bilim lishqa intilishi
barghansri kchiyip swatqanliqini alahide tekitleshke erziydu.
Her yili shundaqla onlighan uyghur yashliri Qirghizistanda, Russiyede, Gheripte aliy bilim lish imkaniyetlirini izdep Xitaydin
kelmekte. Ularni wetendiki bilim spiti qana'etlendrmeydu, shundaqla kp waqitlarda bilim lish mmkinchilikliri yoq.
Uyghur xelqining klechiki nuqtiineziridin bu mesile bgnki
knde hel qilghuchi amil bolup hsaplinidu. Eger dunya yzi bizge
z perzentlirimizni z limizde oqutush imkaniyitini biz zimizge
brishke qadir bolmisa, u chaghda biz, eng bolmighanda, dunyawi
birleshmidin uyghur yashlirining dunyawi derijilik spetlik bilim
ilishigha imkaniyet yaritish chn ayrim charilerni krshni telep
qilishqa heqliqmiz. UNESCO we bashqa xelq'ara teshkilatlar, kpligen jem'iyetlik fondlar bgnki knde tereqqiy tishke baghliq
mu'emmaliri mewjut eller chn bilim lish imkaniyetlirini we
kapaletlirini briwatidu. Shundaqla mushundaq ellerde eng bolmighanda ahalige bilim brish jehettin dlet mejburiyetliri bolsimu
bar. Bizde bolsa undaq imkaniyetmu yoq.
Dunyaning we umum Yawrupining xelq'ara qurulmiliri eng bolmighanda, yqinqi 20 yilda, uyghur yashliri chn Yawrupa bilen
Amrikining eng chong uniwrsittlirida her yili mexsus orun bolushini kzde tutidighan xelq chn bilim namliq mexsus programmini ishlep chiqip emelge ashursa dmekchimiz.
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Bizning kz qarishimizche, uyghurlar yashaydighan barliq memliketlerde uyghur bilim brish merkezlirining qurulushi, bilim lishqa
chong derijide yardemleshken bolar idi. Bu birinchi nwette uyghurlar yighinchaq halda chong top bolup yashaydighan Merkiziy
Asiya elliri chn muhimdur.
Bu merkezler intrnttin cheksiz paydilinish imkaniyetlirige ige
bolup, peqet dunyagha axbarat drizisi bolupla qalmastin, belki
shundaqla yashlarni distantliq oqutushni uyushturushqa imkaniyet bergen bolar idi. Mushu strukturilar etrapigha uyghur tarixi,
medeniyiti we elwette, tilini ginishni jemlesh mmkin bolar idi.
Bizning hsablishimizche, mushundaq umum uyghur axbarat bilim tarmiqining (torning) qurulushi yrim milli'on dollardin artuq
mebleghni telep qilmaydu. Bu, umumen alghanda, kpligen gherb
fondliri chn mu'emma emes.
Belkim, mezkur zaldiki ishtirakchilar chn bu szm ghelite anglinar biraq, shuni ytmaqchimenki, Xitayda kommunistik rjim
hlidin buyan yoq. Partkomlardin tashqiri uni eslitidighan yalghuz
nerse u dletning kchlk hakimiyiti dlet menpi'etlirining ayrim adem menpi'etlirining stn bolushi. Lkin jem'iyet tzmining mushundaq tipi peqet kommunistik jem'iyet chnila xas emes.
U ypiq yaki en'eniwi dep atalmish sherq jem'iyiti tzmlirining
umumiy tipidur. Mana mushu jehettin Xitay minglighan yillar jeryanida qandaq bolsa, shu Xitay ptiche. Yawrupining bir bulung
pushqighidin yaki Potomak deryasi (AQSh) qirghaqlirida turup,
bu sistmini tillash mmkin, biraq shuni untulmasliq lazimki, bu
sistma Xitay xelqige minglighan yillar dawamida yoqap ketken
kpligen bashqa xelqlerdin perq qilghan halda aman saq qlishqa
we zining ulughwarliqi bilen seyyaridiki san jehettin stnligini
saqlap qlishqa imkaniyet berdi. Hch kim Amrika tipidiki dmokratiyining yene qanche uzaq saqlinidighanliqini bilmeydu.
Chnki hazirning zide, bari yoqi ch yz yil tp, u ksellik
belglirini krsitiwatidu; beziliri hetta buni uning zawali nishanliri
dep hsaplimaqta. Shunglashqa mushu mewqe neziridin Xitayni
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qandaq yashash kreklikige gitish bimenilik bolsa krek. Uningdin kre bashqa hemmisining Xitay we umumen sherq bilen zlirining qandaq bille yashaydighanliqi heqqide oylanghanliqi ewzel.
11-sntebirdin kyin yz bergen weqeler shuni krsettiki, seyyaride hch kimning zini aliy derijilik sot, yaki bashqa xelqlerning
xojayini dep hsaplashqa heqqi yoq. Yeni dunyawi tertip xelq'ara
munasiwetlerde men kchlkmen dgende emes, belki her qandaq
xelqning teng hoquqini trap qilishqa asaslinip qurulidu. Uninggha qarimu qarshi yol peqet alemshumul urush bolushi mmkin.
Oylaymenki, uni hem Xitayda, hem Amrikida, hem Russiyede,
hem shundaqla dunya teqdiridiki zining alahide roli toghriliq
oylaydighan her qandaq bashqa memlikette chshinishi lazim.
Alahide rol shuningdin ibaretki, chong, kchlk, qudretlik dletler
bashqa xelqlerni z menpe'etliri da'irisi dep hsaplimastin, ularning teqdiri chn chong jawabkarliqni hs qilishi lazim.
Hemmimizge bir-birimizni hrmetlep, mu'amile qilishimizni, birbirimizni chshinip, bir-birimizge yardem brishni, ginip hayat
kechrshni tileymen.
Merkiziy Asiya uyghur
Alaqe-uchur we layihe merkizining mudiri
NUR MUHEMMET QARAXANNING
Sherqiy Trkistan (Uyghuristan)
chinchi Milliy Qurultiyida szligen nutqi
(Brussl shehiri, Blgiye. 2001-yili, 18-ktebir).

BGNKI WEZIYET HEQQIDE

Eziz wetendashlar!
Hrmetlik qurultay mhmanliri!
Bgn, deslepki kndin perq qilghan halda, biz z da'irimizde
yighilduq. Shunglashqa men umumiy mu'emmalar, dunyadiki
uyghurlarning mu'emmaliri heqqide emes, belki ichki ishlirimiz
heqqide, uyghur herikiti, uning xaraktri heqqide ytmaqchimen.
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Shundaqla qolaysiz weziyetni zgertish chn, bizning kz qarishimizche, nme qilish krekliki toghriliq bayan qilmaqchimen.
Silerge yaxshi melumki, uyghur milliy herikitide uzaq yillardin
buyan tarqaqliq hkm srmekte. Duniyaning her xil jaylirida onlighan teshkilatlar qurulup, ular xelqimiz menpe'etlirige wakaletlik
qilishqa intilmaqta. Ularning her qaysisida shundaq rehberler barki,
ular zlirini millitimizning birdin-bir we heqiqiy rexberliri-ytekchiliri dep hsaplaydu.
Bu heqte nme dyishimiz mmkin? Hemmidin awwal shuni ytimenki, xelqimizning shundaq kchlk rehberlerni meydangha
keltrwatqanliqi intayin yaxshi ish. Ular bizning bayliqimiz. Men
bir munche buraderler tekitliginidek, peqet birla rehber-lidrni belgilep, qalghan hemmisi u nme ytsa, shuni tingshap, ish tutushi
lazim dgenge qoshulmaymen. Birinchidin, shuning chnki, buninggha hch kim klishmeydu. Men mezkr qurultayni uyushturghuchilarni, ularning uyghur herikitige qoshuwatqan hessisi chn
chongqur hrmet qilimen. Hemmimiz chong derijide hrmetleydighan Enwer Jan bilen Esqer Janning kch chiqirishi tpeyli biz
mana chinchi qtim bille yighilip z mu'emmalirimizni muhakime
qilip, wezipilirimizni belgilesh pursitige ige boluwatimiz. Bu intayin muhim we zor ishtur.
Biraq bgn men bu yerde uyghur herikitining kpligen krnerlik
erbablirini krwatqinim yoq. Ularsiz bolsa, peqet muweppeqiyetni we ilgirileshni qolgha keltrshla emes, belki qurultiyimizning
qanuniyliqi heqqidimu gep qilish tes. Hemmimizning bir-birimizge
munasiwitimiz her xil. Lkin zlirini eng mutexessis dep hsaplaydighanlarmu Omer Qanat - Yawrupa Sherqiy Trkistan birlikining tesischilerning we rehberlirining biri, Dunyawi uyghur
yashliri herikitining uyushturghuchilirining biri we tunji re'isi bolghan, tejribilik siyasetchi, kchlk teshwiqatchi, zhurnalist, milliy
herikitimizde krneklik orunni gelligen ependimsiz; Shundaqla,
Muhemmet Imin Hezret - talantliq yazghuchi, Sherqiy Trkistan
xelq'ara milliy merkizining tunji bash katipi, meshhur jem'iyet erb208

abi bolghan ependimsiz; Enwer Yusup - uyghur xelqining medeniyitini we milliy dawayimizni, pshqedem ustaz Ghulamitdin Paxta
akimiz bilen birge Amrika teweside nahayiti pa'al tonushturup
kelgen teshwiqatchimiz we Amrikida qurulghan milliy-azatliq
merkizining rehbiri, Amrika przidnti bilen tunji kreshken uyghur yigiti, hrmetlik ependimsiz; Imin Qeshqeriy - uyghur xelqining ichide chiqqan dletler ara tijaretchi we merhum Abdughopur
hajimning iz basari, milletperwer, abroyluq jem'iyet erbabi bolghan,
ependimsiz; Doktur Abduqadir Tash - chong we talantliq alim,
in'gliz tilida chiqiwatqan Ereb dunyasidiki asasliq gzitning bash
muherriri bolghan, ependimsiz; Doktor Abdul Eziz - usta teshwiqatchi, tijaret we memuriy organlirida tejribilik ish bashqurghuchi,
Seudiye Erebistan hkmitide chong xizmetlerni igilep turghan,
ependimsiz; Mehmet Imin Batur - Trkiyidiki (Qeysari shehiri)
Uyghur medeniyet jem'iyetning rehbiri we pa'al siyasiy pa'aliyet
lip briwatqan, ependimsiz; shundaqla, yash siyasetchi Dolqun
Eysa - dunyawi uyghur yashliri herikitining uyushturghuchilirining biri we bgnki re'isi, yalqunluq siyasiy teshwiqatchi, ependimsiz, uyghur herikitini tesewwur qilish mmkin emeslikini inkar
qilalmisa krek. Shundaqla, mesilen, Uyghuristan zide, Merkiziy
Asiya jumhuriyetliride minglighan, on minglighan terepdarliri
bar onlighan bashqa ytekchilerning mewjut ikenlikini ytilghanning zide ularsiz uyghur herikitini tesewwur qilish tes. Beziliri
- Yawrupidin yaki Amrikidin, ularni bilgsi, krgsi kelmisimu,
ular r'al lidrlardur. Yene shuni ytmaqchimenki, ular dunyawiysiyasiy yuqirqi tebeqilerdin yiraq bolsimu, her kni z xelqining
mu'emmaliri bilen shughullanmaqta, xelq parawanliqini, bilimini,
medeniyitini ashurush stide ishlimekte.
Men yekke lidrlik heqqide unchilikla teshwishlenmeslik lazim
dep hsaplaydighan ikkinchi bir bashqa seweb - u aldimizda turghan wezipilerning nahayiti chong derijide murekkep bolushidin
ibaret. Dunya yzi kz aldimizda tp-asasiy jehettin zgerdi. Hazir
u biz buningdin ellik, yigirme we hetta besh yil ilgiri krgen dunya
emestur. Hazir xelq teqdirini belgileydighan, mundaq ytqanda,
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asasiy amil tamamen uning dletchiligi bolup hsaplanmaydu.

Shu bir yilliri, gheripte nurghunliri, Xitaymu, Sowt Ittipaqining
teqdirige uchrap, Deng Sewpinning ktishi bilenla bu zor dlet
ghulaydu we Kngesh impriyisining parchilliri - musteqil dletler
qandaq r'alliqqa aylansa, Uyghuristanmu xuddi shundaq r'alliqqa
aylinidu dep ktshken chaghda, uyghurlar teqdirini ularning
dletchiligi mu'emmasige bqindurup qoyushqa bolmaydighanliqi
bizge chshinishlik bolghan idi.
Yngi musteqil ellerning r'al tejribisi shu chaghda shuni krsettiki, dletchilikning zi zlkidin xelqning tereqqiyatini kapaletlendrpla qalmastin, belki shundaqla bezide uni z tereqqiyatida onlighan yillar nri tashlaydu. Ularning hazirqi ehwali mushuni
isheshlik guwahliq qilmaqta. Chnki hetta hazir, on yil tsimu, ilgiri SSSR terkibige kirgen dletlerning hch biri SSSR parchilinip
ketkche qolgha keltrgen turmush derijisige ytelmidi. Ularning
kpchiliki, jmlidin Merkiziy Asiyaning barliq musteqil dletliri yqin klechektimu shu derijige ytelmeydighanliqi roshen.
Merkiziy Asiyaning eng dmokratik dep hsaplan'ghan dlitining
eng chong muweppeqiyiti hazir namratliqni yoqitish programmisini qobul qilishtin ibaret boluwatidu, chnki resmiy bahalashlar boyiche Qirghizistan ahalisining 53 pa'izi, bezi ksprtlarning
pikirliri boyiche 80 pa'izidin oshuqi namratliqta hayat kechrmekte. Yene klip mezkur programmini emelge ashurushning zi kp
halette chet'ellik krditlarning brilishige bwaste baghlinishliq
bolmaqta.
Yngi r'alliqlarda xelqler teqdirini adettiki jem'iyetlik tzm shekli emes, belki tamamen bashqa asaslar belgilimekte. Hazir ptkl
dunya yzide dletler tarixning qalduqi, yadikarliqliri bolmaqta.
Hazir insaniyet tereqqiyatini tamamen bashqa nadirliqlar, tamamen
bashqa jeriyanlar belgileydu. Barliq tosalghuluqlarni, barliq chgrilarni yoqitiwatqan alemshumullashturush - yngi globallizatsiya
jem'iyet tereqqiyatigha tamamen bashqa ylinish bermekte, bashqa
qedriyetler we birinchi nwetlik wezipiler qoymaqta. Amridiki
210

Rus we Hindi programmistliri, Yapon kapitali we ptkl dunyadiki

Xitay towar-malliri, umumi yawropiliq waluta - wro - mushularning hemmisi dlet uqumidin stn, zhuquri tertip hadisiliri.
Mushuning zi biz kn terkiwidin uyghur dletchiligi mesilisini
lip tashlishimiz krek dgen szmu? chinchi dunyaning onlighan
musteqil ellirining teqdiri, barliq gep xelqning z dliti barmu yaki
yoqmu dgendin ibaret emeslikige kzimizni yetkzelemdu, ishendrelemdu? Dunyaning eng tereqqiy etken memlikiti - AQShda
yz bergen weqeler shunchilik qudretlik dletning z grazhdanlirining bixeterlikini teminleshke qadir emeslikige kzimizni yetkzmidimu? Hazirqi zamanda dletler peqet xelqlerning bixeterliki
bilen tereqqiyatigha yardemlishish chnla mewjutmu? Axirqi hsapta tarixta mewjut bolghan byk we qudretlik uyghur dletlirining chgraliri boldimu yaki ularni bashqiliri trap qildimu?
Barliq mushu so'allargha peqet birla jawab bar: yaq!
Shu chaghda biz zimizni uyghur xelqining lidrliri dep hsablaydighanlar nme qilishimiz krek?
Nchk tgimes dawa-talashlar bilen bolup, Uyghuristan yaki
Sherqiy Trkistan dgen szlerni qaysimiz kprek ytidu, yaki
toghra ataydu depla, siyasiy teshkilatlirimizdin qaysisi xelqning
heqiqiy menpe'etlirini ipadileydu, lidrlardin kim heqiqeten lidr, uyghurlarning 2,3 pa'izi kimge, 2,4 pa'izi bolsa kimge egiship mangidu depla oylap, cheksiz munazire klipla yrshimiz
krekmu?
Mushularning hemmisige birer mena-mahiyet barmu?
Hazir uyghurlargha baghliq weziyet shundaqki, gep tsiwilizatsiyaliq halda aman-saq qlish heqqide bolmaqta. Ye biz
tarix sirtida yaki yadikarliqliridila ebediy qalimiz, ye uyghurlar
ilgiri bolghinidek, tereqqiyatining daghdam yoligha ynip klip,
bashqilargha lge bolalaydu, zini krsiteleydu.
Biz intayin arqida qalduq we hazir bizge kchinish ptkl xelq211

imizning kch-quwwitini birleshtrsh lazim. Bizge kch-quwwitimizni yighish, zimizde mewjut barliq amil, wastlerni paydilinish
lazim.
Biz mushundaq weziyette peqet u bu yaki bashqa lidrni tirap qilghusi kelmeydu depla ishleshni bilidighan we xalaydighanlarning
qolini chetke qqiwtishke imkaniyet yaritimizmu? 1949- yildin
kyinki netijisiz siyasiy talash-tartishta tken uzaq, onlighan yillargha sozulghan waqit, bizni hch nersige getmidimu? Bu tallash-tartishlar xelqimizge payda lip keldimu? Hazirmu uning
paydisi barmu?
Siyasetchiler her dayim xelqni egeshtrp mngishqa intilidu,
dawa qilidu. Gep shuningdiki, biz hemmimiz uyghurlarni hch
nege bashlap mngish krek emeslikini yaxshi chshenmeymiz dep
oylaymen.
Biz, yngi uyghur herikiti siyasiy quruq parangwazliqtin we
awarigerchiliktin uyghur xelqining tereqqiyatini r'al teminlesh,
uni insaniyet tsiwilizatsiyasining daghdam yoligha yandurup klish
boyiche emeliy, programmiliq ishqa kchsh waqti yetti dep hsaplaymiz. Hazir axirqi hsapta ptkl uyghur kchini asasiy mesile:
xelq spitide uyghurlarning teqdiri qandaq bolidu dgen mesile
etrapigha jipsilashturidighan waqit ytip keldi.
Biz barliq uyghur teshkilatlirining, barliq uyghur lidrlirining
kch-quwwitini teshkilleshtrshke imkaniyet bridighan usullar
bilen teshkilliy mxanizmlarni qarap chiqishimiz lazim dep hsaplaymiz. Eger biz buni qolgha keltrelmeydighan bolsaq, u chaghda
yene ellik yil jeryanida her birimiz z limizde qurultay chip yuridighan bolimiz, xelqimiz bolsa, tarixtiki we dunyawi birleshmidiki
z ornini tximu yoqitip turidu.
Biz qurultaydin kyin umumi milliy di'alog mxanizmlirini shekillendrsh boyiche emeliy ishni bashlash lazim dep hsaplaymiz.
Uning chn, bizning kz-qarishimizche, asasiy, ch ynilishte
ishlesh krek.
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Birinchidin, umumi milliy aqsaqallar kngishini qurush imkaniyitini we shekillirini tpish krek. Hazir men isimlirini atighum
kelmeydu, biraq biz barliq aktiwistlarning pikrini rytin'g boyiche
sorash arqiliq her qandaq sahalardiki eng abroyluq uyghurlarning
tizimini niqlishimizgha bolidu. Andin kyin, bu tizimni intrntta
lan qilip, barliq teshkilatlargha we lidrlargha yetkzsh, ularning
pikrini tingshash krek. Bizning Merkiziy Asiya alaqe-uchur we
layihe merkizimiz we shexsen men bundaq aldin-ala ishni yrgzeleymiz we uyghur jama'etchilikige kollktipliq trde hem yuqirida
qeyt qilin'ghan mexsus chariler yardimi bilen teshkilleshturulghan
aqsaqallar (mtiwerler) kngishi terkibi boyiche teklipni teqdim
qilghan bolar iduq. Andin kyin mezkur kngeshning ish tertipi
toghriliq tekliplerni umumlashturush, kngesh qeyerde yighilidu,
yaki kollktipliq meslihet boyiche bashqa shekillerni tapamdu dgen mesilini hel qilish, shundaqla aqsaqallar kngishining muhakime qilishi chn kn tertipini teshkilleshtrsh meqsetke muwapiq bolar idi.
Ikkinchidin, biz hazir ptkl dunyada dgdek qurulghan barliq
uyghur teshkilatlirini birleshken teshkiliy tarmaqqa qandaq qilip
yighishturushni oylap tpishimiz krek. Ularning kpchiliki her xil
id'ologiyilik mewqede turmaqta, herikitimizning u yaki bashqa
muhim mesililirini her xil chshinidu, her xil lidrlarni qollapquwwetleydu. Meyli, shundaqmu bolsun! Hch kimni hch bir
yerge qoghlap kirgzsh we birsini bashqisi bilen qoshush krek
emes. Biraq biz, barliq mushu teshkilatlarning lidrliri, toluq halda
birliship yighilip, birliship ish lip brish, z'ara heriketlinish prinsipliri bilen protokolliri heqqide kliship ishlishish mmkin'ghu.
Meyli deslep hemmimiz chn eng zrr dep hsaplan'ghan mesililerde birliship ishleyli. Meyli, eng bolmighanda uyushturush,
teshkilleshtrsh mesililiride bolsimu birlisheyli! Pa'al teyyarliq
krshtin kyin biz kyinki yil axirigha qeder barliq uyghur teshkilatlirini yighqan bolar iduq. Mushu abroyluq yighin teshkiliy mesililerni hel qilishtin, umumi uyghur z'ara heriket we uyghunlashturush tertipini belgileshtin tashqiri, aqsaqallar kngishining pikrini
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tingshighan bolar idi. Bu kngesh, ishinimenki, mushu waqitqiche

teshkilliship, kn tertipini we milliy tereqqiyatimizning eng prinsipal mesililiri boyiche mewqeni ishlep chiqalaydu.
chinchidin, bizge milliy tereqqiyat stratgiyasini ishlep chiqishqa kirishish nahayiti zrr. Biz hazir ksprtlarning mexsus
topini qurush, uning ish programmisini niqlash we uning chn
menbelerni izdep tpish boyiche ishni bashliduq. Bu, bizning bahalishimizche we ksprtlarning pikriche, 2-3 yilliq yaki uningdin
sel oshuq waqit ktidighan ish. Bizge uni uyushturup yolgha slish mmkin bolushi bilenla, barliq aktiwistlarni stratgiyani ishlep chiqishqa pa'al qatnashturushni kzde tutuwatimiz. Shundaqla
mutexessislerning ish netijilirini barliq uyghur teshkilatlirining,
barliq lidrlirining, elwette, aqsaqallar kngishining muhakimisige
teqdim qilimiz.
Men qurultay ishtirakchilirigha bizning tekliplirimizge munasiwetlik z pikirlirini iz'har qilidu, umumi milliy emeliy we netijilik ishheriket programmisini birliship belgilep, emelge ashurushni bashlash chn z tekliplirini bridu dep muraji'et qilimen.
Biz uyghurlarning umumi milliy birlikige qet'iy ishinimiz!
Biz hazir hayat kechrwatqan uyghur siyasetchiliri, tijaretchiliri, alimliri, jem'iyet erbablirining ewladliri axirqi hsabta milliy uyghur musteqilliqigha, milliy heriket birlikige,
tereqqiyatqa qarap hel qilghuchi qedem tashlaydu dep ishinimiz!

Merkiziy Asiya uyghur

alaqe-uchur we layihe merkizining mudiri
NUR MUHEMMET QARAXANNING,
Gherbiy-shimalni chish we azsanliq milletler rayonlirini
iqtisadiy jehettin tereqqiy ettrsh.
namliq ilmiy-emeliy mejliste szligen nutqi

IQTISADIY ZLESHTRSH WE MILLIY

KOLOGIYE
Hrmetlik xanimlar we janablar!
Biz uzaqtin-uzaq yashap kliwatimiz. Uyghur we xenzu xelqliri z
hayatini yillar bilen emes, belki esirler we ming yilliq dewrler bilen
lcheydu.
Biz uzundin-uzun yan qoshna yashap kliwatimiz. Urush we dshmenlik ornini, tinchliq we soda-stiq igelidi, lkin xelqlirimiz her
qachan qoshna yashighan, yashawatidu we yashaydu. Biz bir-birimizdin yiraqliship ktelmeymiz.
Biz uzaq yashimaqtimiz we kp nersini krduq. Kyinki esirlerde
kz aldimizda txnika, pragmatizm, pul tsiwilizatsiyesi bolghan
gherb dunyasi, wujudqa klip rawajlandi we alemshumul kchqudretke ige boldi.
Biz hazir hemmimiz shuning shahiti boluwatimizki, bu tiptiki ishlep
chiqirish sistmiliri, ilgiri-kyin bolup baqmighan kch-qudretke
ige bolup, dunya yzige tarqalmaqta, barghansiri yngi trritoriyilerni, xelqlerni z da'irisige almaqta.
Bu yaxshiliqmu yaki yamanliqmu? Insaniyetning, yer shari
rgi'onlirining tereqqiyati qandaq bolushi lazim? Biz qandaq bedel
hsabigha iqtisadiy jehettin sshimiz krek?
Hemminglargha melumki, bgnki knde hetta gherb ellirining zide dunyawi maliye we sana'et monopoliyalirining z
menpe'etliride dunya yzi tebi'iy bayliqlar menbelirini ayimay serp

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qilishigha qarshi ammiwi heriket qanat yaymaqta. Mezkr monopoliyalar bolsa, peqet zliri payda lish yolida ptkl seyyarini
intayin az ish heqqi chn emgek qilishqa, erzan ozuq-tlk we
twen medeniyet mehsulatlirini istimal qilishqa, selbiy edep-exlaq
tesir da'iriside bolushqa mejbur boluwatqan erzan emgek kchige
aylandurushqa teyyar. Bgnki knde, sudxorluq bilen byip ketken, besh-on chong dletlerdin bashqa, ptkl yer yzi chinchi
alem ellirige aylinip ktiwatidu.
Alemshumulliq nuqsanliri, hazir ptkl dunyani bayliq we namratliq otturisidiki, shundaqla parawanliq we yoqsuzluq otturisidiki,
qudretlik we ajizliq otturisidiki, heq we naheq otturisidiki, yaxshiliq bilen yamanliq otturisidiki hel qilinmas perqler jarahetliri bilen
qaplanmaqta.
Men ewliyaliq qilishtin yiraq, lkin insaniyet chinchi mingyiliqqa
zining mewjut bolushigha xewp tughulghan chaghda qedem
tashlap kirdi. Mana mushu jehettin zining qan tksh urushliri
we ijtima'iy weyranchiliqliri bilen yigirminchi esir peqet addiyla
muqeddime bolghan idi.
Her qachan ademgerchilikni, qoshnidarchiliqni, menewiylikni
hemmidin ewzel hsablaydighan sherqiy dunya, gherbning tereqqiyat mentiqisige taman jelp qilin'ghansiri, mu'eyyen xewpke duchar
bolup, kpligen yngi mu'emmalarni hel qilishqa mejbur bolmaqta.
Mana mushundaq xewp-xeter ichide, shbhisiz milliy halaketler xewpi r'al turmaqta. Birxillashqan, rengsiz, peqetla istimal qilish qedriyetlirige nishan qilin'ghan alemde, tnikiliq sistmilargha, tnikiliq asaslargha orun qalmaydu, ular depsende
bolidu. Paydikeshlik we tizginsiz iqtisadiy trror, ammiwi we birxil
medeniyetning qurbani bolup qalidu.
Biz, uyghurlar, tarixiy weziyet we teqdir teqezzasi tpeyli, bgn
bir nechche dletke te'elluq bolghan zminda yashap kliwatimiz.
Bu herxil eller, zlirining iqtisadiy tzmining, ijtima'iy tereqqiyatining siyasiy salmaq - tibarining herxillighi bilen perqlinidu.
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Ularning bir oxshashliqi, hemmisi dgdek tereqqiy qiliwatqan

eller trkmige kiridu.
Gheripning
alemshumul
maliye-iqtisadiy
qurulmilirining
nuqtiineziridin qarighanda, Merkiziy Asiya rgi'onini teshkil qilidighan bu ellerning hemmisi, dletlerara korporatsiyaler chn,
erzan xam eshya, erzan emgek kchi, erzan mehsulati istimal bazirigha aylinip qaldi we shundaq qaralmaqta. Merkiziy Asiya ellirining kpchilikimu mushu tereqqiyat mentiqisige emel qilishqa mejbur bolup, gherb kapitaligha barghansiri chong derijide biqinida
bolmaqta. Dmek, zlirining bayliqi - xam eshyasini erzan bahada
yngi mustemlikichilerge brishke mejbur bolmaqta.
Xitay xelq jumhuriyiti bolsa, bashqiche tereqqiyat yoli bilen, z
iqtisadini zi rawajlandurush nishanini tutti. Bu yol sabiq SSSRning kpligen jumhuriyetliri, jmlidin byk Russiye chn toghra
we lge alarliq yol bolup krnmekte. Hetta Xitay tereqqiyat yoli
namliq mexsus atalghu peyda bolup, SNG - musteqil dletler hem
doslughining kpligen rehberliri uni iltipat bilen tilgha alidu.
Mezkr konfrnsiye jeryanida biz Xitay hkmitining, Gherbiyshimalni iqtisadiy zleshtrshning istiqbali bilen miqiyasi qandaq
bolidighanliqi toghriliq, nurghun yngi nersilerni anglap bilduq.
Ular heqiqetenmu zor iken. Buning birdin-bir sewebi shuningdin
ibaretki, heqiqiy bayliq menbesi bolghan we mhnetkesh xelq yashaydighan bu tewening iqtisadiy mmknchilikining zimu zor.
Chnki bu lke heqiqeten tebii bayliq ghezinisi we mhnetkesh
xelqning makan jayidur. Mushu lkining tebi'iti we ademliri, bu
qedimiy zminda tereqqiyat chn, bu tewede yashap kliwatqan
millyonlighan ademler chn, parawan hayat kechrshke intayin
zor imkaniyetlerge we iqtidargha ige.
Lkin her qandaq miqiyasliq, yirik ishqa oxshash, Gherbiyshimalni zleshtrsh, hem yngi iqtisadiy ilgirilesh yollirini, hem htimal netijiler bilen aqiwetlerni bahalash chn chong diqqetchanliq
bilen izchilliqni telep qilidu. Shuning bilen bille, bu yerde hemmila
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nersining ijabiy netije briwermeydighanlighimu chshinishlik.

Gherbiy-shimalni zleshtrshke we mushu jeryan'gha baghliq bu
zminda istiqamet qilidighan milletler chn peyda bolushi mmkin bolghan mu'emmalargha bghishlan'ghan mezkr konfrntsiyening otkzlshi, mushu xewpni chshinish mewjut ikenligdini
drek bridu.
Hemmidin awwal yer toghriliq. Hazirning zidila her xil mutexessislerning baha - xulasilirige qarighanda, bgnki knning
zidila uningsizmu kologiyilik jehettin nahayiti nazuk we ze'ip,
lkin tebi'iy menbelerge bay tewening igilik pa'aliyetler netijiside
peyda bolghan selbiy aqiwetliri ochuq bayqalmaqta.
Shortangliqlargha aylan'ghan yer meydani xewplik kngeymekte
we Tarim wadisida perwish qilinidighan meydanning kem dgende yrimida yer asti suliri tuzluq su menbelirige aylinish xewpige
duchar bolmaqta.
Iqtisadiy tereqqiyat netijiside bu tewediki ahali sani ikki hesse dgdek sti.
kologiyilik weziyetning ghirlishish seweblirige kelsek, buninggha eng aldi bilen nft-ximiyawiy sana'etning pa'al rawajlinishi
seweb bolmaqta.
Eger bundaq igilik pa'aliyetlirining miqiyasi kpiyiwridighan bolsa, ularning kpiyishi muqerrer, u chaghda bundaq pa'aliyetlerning
aqiwiti tximu halaketlik bolushi mmkin.
Biraq, bu Gherbiy-shimalni zleshtrshke qarshi chiqish, bu yerdiki hayatni toxtitip qoyushqa chaqirish dgen sz emes. Chnki
biz hemmidin awwal bu yerdiki ahalining turmush derijisini ashurush, namratliqni yoqitish, istimal spitini yaxshilash toghriliq oylishimiz lazim. Uning stige biz Yawruasiya yollirining eng merkizide orunlashqan. ShinjangUyghur Aptonom rayoni yuqiri alaqe
txnologiyiliri orunlashqan lke. Dunyawi soda merkizi, Yawruasiyaning alaqe-uchur merkizige aylinalaydu we aylinishi krek.
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Bu bolsa qorshap turghan muhit monitorin'gni, mushu zminda

yashaydighan ademlerning turmush shara'itini we pa'aliyet shekillirini yaxshilash mxanizmliri hazirning zidila shekillinishi we
zleshtrsh programmilirigha kirgzlshi lazim dmektur.
Rgi'onni iqtisadiy zleshtrshke baghliq bolghan her bir layihe,
kologiyilik bixeterlikning ichki sistmiliri ishlinip chiqmisa, testiqlanmasliqi lazimdur.
Mana mushu mexsetlerde biz rgi'onning musteqil kologiyilik
tekshrshini we uningdin kyin muntizim rewishte kologiyilik
monitorin'gni lip brishni meqsetke muwapiq dep hsaplaymiz.
Musteqil dgen sz bir tereptin, dlet memuriyitining we mushu
rgi'onda z menpe'etlirige ige soda-sana'et da'irilirining nazaritisiz ishleshni; Ikkinchi tereptin bolsa, rgi'onda yashaydighan tnikiliq toplar wekillirining bu ishqa szsiz qatnishishini bildridu. Bu
peqet yerlik hakimiyet orunlirining xalis kzqarishini teminlepla
qalmastin, shundaqla her xil gosiyasiy da'irilerge qolayliq bolghan her xil hle-neyrengler ishlitishke, mesilen, uyghur mesilisini
paydilinishqa mmkinchilik bermeydu. Chnki Gheripning kpligen mutexessisliri mushu rgi'ondiki kologiyilik qirghinchiliqmuhitning bulghinishi (kotsid) heqqide top-toghra ytishmaqta.
Milliy we xelq'ara ksprtlarni jelp qilip kologiyilik ehwalni heqiqiy ilmiy asasta nazaret qilish bu mu'emmalirini hel qilishqa imkaniyet bridu.
Lkin en'eniwi kologiyilik yandishish usuli peqet Tarimni iqtisadiy zleshtrsh dawamida duchar bolushqa toghra klidighan
bir trkm murekkep mesililerning bir qisminila eks ettridu. Shu
nerse roshenki, keng klemlik islahatlar peqet tebietkila emes,
belki ptn-srk xelqlergimu tesir yetkzidu.
Men Qirghizistanda istiqamet qiliwatimen, bu el parlamntining
xelq wekili bolghanmen. Shunglashqa ytalaymenki, Qirghizistan
jumhuriyitining musteqilliqining deslepki on yillighining we uning yngi ijtimaiy-iqtisadiy asaslargha kchshining tejribisi, tno219

medeniy we hetta tnogintikiliq jehettin ptn-srk mu'emmalar

trkmining peyda bolghanliqidin guwahliq beridu.
Ular hemmidin awwal shuninggha baghlinishliqni, iqtisadni qayta
qurush dawamida qliplashqan pa'aliyet trliri, ademlerning hayat shekilliri tp-asasidin almishidu. Adetlen'gen asaslar buzulup,
gen'gen, adetlen'gen meshghulat shekilliri yoqaydu, ademler otturisidiki munasiwetler zgiridu.
Uning stige birinchi nwette, tnikiliq bashlanma ziyan tartidu.
En'eniwi tnikiliq asaslar bilen hayat kechrsh sistmiliri bazar
mxanizimlirigha, sistmilirigha, munasiwetlirige qarimu-qarshiliqqa lip klidu. Xelqning tnikiliq oxshashliqigha, en'eniwi
qedriyetlirige, meniwi normisigha barghansri az orun qalidu.
Xelqning tili bilen medeniyitimu tar da'irige klip, qollinishi we
tarqilishi qisqiraydu. Bu bolsa, waqit tkensri ornigha keltrsh,
eslige keltrsh mmkin bolmaydighan ghir judaliqqa aylinishi
htimaldin yiraq emes nerse. Chnki biz achchiq hesret, epsuslinish bilen shuni krwatimizki, Gheripte yashashni, pulla tpishni,
in'glizchila szleshni ewzel kridighan; Xelq naxshausullirini,
rpadetlirini, en'enilirini untuwatqan ewlad sp ytilmekte.
Biz dunyaning kpligen rgi'onlirida yz briwatqan we judaliqlargha lip kliwatqan tnikiliq, milletler ara toqunushlardin sawaq lishimiz; birxillashturush we alemshumullashturush
menpe'etliride tereqqiyatning tnikiliq terkibi qismini kzige ilmasliq, tnikiliq oxshashliqini yoqitip qoyush halaketke lip briwatqanliqini, insaniyetning chshknlkige lip klidighanliqini
chshinishimiz lazim.

dost-yarenlik, hem holum-qoshnidarchiliq munasiwetler, hem tijaret munasiwetliridur. Uyghurlar dlet chgrilirining bolushigha
qarimay zlirining tnikiliq birlikini, z ara axbarat lish sistmisini, bashqa xelqlerge, ellerge nisbeten umumiy mewqesini saqlap
qalghan. Biz Xitayda, Qazaqistanda, Qirghizistanda, hetta Kanada
oxshash bashqa ellerde uyghurlargha baghlinishliq yz briwatqan
hemme nersini bir ptn, umumiy bahalap turimiz. Uyghurlarning z tarixiy wetinide, shundaqla bashqa chet'ellerde kchp qonushimu zich ichki birliki barliqidin drek bridu.
Ikkinchi tereptin, Shinjang-Uyghur aptonom rayonida yz briwatqan hadisiler bizning hch qaysimizni biperwa qalduralmaydu. Chnki bu yer- uyghur xelqining yrigidur. Shunglashqa
Xitay chgrisining sirtide yashaydighan barliq uyghurlar wetendashlirimizning ehwalidiki her qandaq zgirishlerge her qachan
inkas qilishqa teyyar, biz aptonomiyige uyghur xelqini yighquchi,
birleshtrgchi bashlanma statusining, mertiwisining yandurulup
brilishini semimiy halda xalighan bolar iduq.
Mana mushular bir trkm ichki sewebler trkmliri bolup, biz
ulargha emel qilghan halda Gherbiy-shimalni zleshtrshke
oxshash xelqimiz hayatidiki shunchilik jiddiy zgirishlerge
munasiwetlik her qandaq pilanlar, eger bir ptnlk spitide
uyghur xelqige qaritalmisa, Xitay bilen qoshna ellerdiki barliq uyghur jamaitining yoshurun kchge asaslanmisa, muweppeqiyetlik bolmaydu dep hsablaymiz.

Xelqimizning asasiy qismi Xitayda yashaydu. Biraq uning sirtidimu bir milyondin artuq uyghur bar. Ularning hemmisi ShinjangUyghur aptonom rayonida yashaydighanlar bilen zlmes rishtiler
bilen baghlan'ghandur. Bu hem uruq-tughqanchiliq alaqiler, hem

Lkin ptkl uyghur tnikiliq da'irisini, kenglikini hsabqa lish

zrr ikenliki bilen Gherbiyshimalni zleshtrshtiki her qandaq
bashlanmilarning muweppeqiyetlik bolushini zich baghlashturup
qarash chn uyghur xelqige munasiwetlik tashqi asaslarmu bar.
Uyghurlar hem rgi'onda, hem dunya yzide xelq'ara emgek teqsimatida, iqtisadiy munasiwetler sistmisida en'eniwi halda yterlik derijide niq z ornini igellep keldi. Ular dunyawi iqtisadning
asasiy qan tomuri bolghan ulugh Yipek Yolida qandaq heriket qilidighanliqini her qachan bilgen.

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Bu biz, uyghurlar chn buning muhimliqi alahide, chnki xelqimiz bir mezgilde bir nechche dlette istiqamet qilmaqta.

Oylaymenki, bgnki kndimu en'eniwi, zich ichki uyghur munasiwetliri, rgi'ondiki xelq'ara iqtisadiy ko'opratsiyeni, Merkiziy
Asiya elliri bilen Xitay otturisidiki iqtisadiy alaqilerni tereqqiy qildurushta xli chong rol oyniyalaydu.
Bu bolsa prinsipal muhimdur, chnki biz bgn gep qiliwatqan
rgi'onning tereqqiy tishi gherbiy we shimaliy ynilishlerde emelge ashurulidu. Shbhisizki, bu Xitayning ichki menbeliri bilen
bille, Xitay bilen iqtisadiy z ara heriket qilishqa menpe'etdar bolghan qoshna ellerning bayliqlirini paydilinishni kzde tutidu, we
gherbiyshimalning rawajlinishida xli chong rol oynishi mmkin. Men hem transport linieylirini, hem nrgiye qimini, hem
xameshya menbelirini kzde tutuwatimen.

Biz bu ishlarni uzaq muddetlik asasqa qoyush zrr dep hsablaymiz. Uni Shinjang-Uyghur aptonom rayoni xelq hkmiti ynida
dayim ishleydighan, Merkizi Asiyaning barliq ellerdiki we mmkin bolsa bashqa chet'ellerdiki uyghur teshkilatlirining wekillirini
z ichige alidighan ish lip brish guruppisini qurush hsabigha
emelge ashurushqa bolidu.
Biz z nwitide chet'ellerde tereqqiyat programmilirini qollapquwwetlesh boyiche xelq'ara uyghur fondini, uyghur teshkilatlirining Merkiziy Asiya ittipaqini qurush boyiche; yeni umumi'uyghur
birliki, xelqimiz tereqqiyati mesililirige birliship qatnishish, uyghur ilim-penni we medeniyitini tereqqiy qildurush chn teshkiliy
mxanizmlarni qurush boyiche ish lip briwatimiz.

Shunglashqa biz mushu seweblerge munasiwetlik Xitay hem

Shinjang-Uyghur aptonom rayonining hakimiyet orunliri umumiy
Merkiziy Asiya zminida istiqamet qliwatqan tnikiliq toplar: uyghurlar, qazaqlar, qirghizlar bilen ish lip brishqa jiddiy diqqet bolushi lazim dep hsablaymiz.

Biz mushu konfrntsiyege qatnishiwatqan hrmetlik alimlar- Xitay jumhuriyitining chong ilmiy merkezlirining abroyluq wekilliri, bashqa chet'ellerning wekilliri, Merkiziy Asiya uyghur alaqeuchur we layihe merkiziy bilen uyghur xelqige munasiwetlik barliq
mu'emmalar boyiche hemkarliship ishleydu dep mid qilimiz.

Biz mushu meqsetlerde, jmlidin hakimiyet orunlirigha uyghurlarning tnikiliq rawajlinishini qollap-quwwetleshke nishan
qilin'ghan bir trkm layihilerni emelge ashurushni teklip qilduq.
Bizni chushench bilen qarshi alghanliqigha qana'et hasil qilduq.

Bizning barliq kch-quwwitimiz bir meqsetke- insaniyet medeniyitining tereqqiyatigha bibaha hesse qoshqan qedimiy we chong
xelq - uyghurlar tereqqiyatini teminleshke qaritilghan. Biz shuninggha ishinimizki, mezkur konfrntsiyede bayan qilin'ghan pikirler,
tewsiyiler, teklipler, konfrntsiye ishtirakchilirining layihiliri yuqirida qeyt qilin'ghan meqsetni emelge ashurushqa yardem qilidu we
bizge mushu wezipini hel qilishqa imkaniyet yaritip bridu.

Hazirning zide Merkiziy Asiyade umumiuyghur axbarat tarmiqini qurush boyiche ishlar bashlandi; Xitaygha qoshna ellerde uyghur mekteplirini chish, Urmchide Merkiziy Asiya ellirining
uyghur ijtima'iy teshkilatliri rehberlirining uchrishishini tkzsh
toghriliq mesililer patyqinda hel bolidu dep mid qilimiz; Bir
qatar birleshken tijaret layihilerni uyushturush, balilar chn uyghur tilida kitaplarni neshir qilish, medeniy alaqilerni kngeytish
imkaniyetliri muhakime qilinmaqta.

Biz Tarimning kelgsi ming yilliqlardimu sa'adet makani bolup qlishigha ishinimiz. U zini makanlighan, asrap kelgen we
ching dilidin sygen ademlerge her qachan rehimdil bolghan
idi.

Bu peqet deslepki qedemler. Biz ulardin kyinmu yeni bashqa chare-tedbirler emelge ashurulidu dep ishinimiz.

Biz shuninggha ishinimizki, biz uning bayliqini, xelqining parawanliqini saqlap qalimiz we kpeytimiz! Bu bayliq buningdin
kyinmu xeliqqe xizmet qilidu.

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223

Uyghur tereqqiyat programmilirini qollap quwwetlesh

RPAN fondining Przidnti
NUR MUHEMMET QARAXANNING
Dunya Uyghur Qurultiyining chinchi Bash Assamblyaside
qilghan doklati
(Washin'gton, AQSh. 2009-yili, 17-may).

UYGHURLARNING BYK YOLI

Kpligen ademlerning teqezzaliq bilen ktkinidek, yngi ming yilliqning qedem teshrip qilishi bilen, insaniyet mewjudatlighining
tzlshige, alemshumul dunyagha, niqliqni we mu'eyyen roshenlikni lip kelmidi.
tken esirning ptkl ikkinchi yrimida, dmokratiye idiyiliri astida, Yawrupa qedriyatliri we Amrika bayriqi astida, yngi dunyawi tertip ornitish stsnariyning, berbat boluwatqanliqi roshen
bolmaqta. Bu gherb iqtisadining meghlubiyetke uchrawatqanliqidin shundaq boluwatqini yoq. Shundaqla, insaniyetni bextlik qilish
chn, dmokratiye we insan hoquqliri idyalirining yterlik emeslikidinmu, shundaq boluwatqini yoq.
Xelqlerning bir birige oxshimasliqi bohrani hazirqi dunyaning
hel qilghuchi ziddiyetlirige aylandi. Txnologiylik we alemshumul axbaratlashturushtin klip chiqqan qliplashturush, insaniyet
jem'iyitini addiylashturush we birxillashturush jeryanliri dunyaning parchilinishigha, alemshumul ijtima'iy sistmining qalaymiqanlishishigha lip keldi. Chnki, her dayim, tarixqa kch-gheyritini
milliy oxshashliqlar, medeniyetlerning ziddiyetliri we tnikiliq
antropotoklarning qudritini brip turatti. Neq eyni shular dunyaning bayliqini uning murekkep tzlshini shekillendrdi we tereqqiyatning huli, uning asasiy heriketlendrgchi kchi boldi.
Her xil xelqler, her xil tnoslar, her xil tarixiy dewrde bu dunyawi
hayat-pa'aliyitige herxil usullar bilen awaz qoshti. Ularning birliri
urushlarni lip brish chn lazim bolidighan adem matriyalidin
bashqa nerse emes idi. Emdi, yene birliri bolsa, ulugh sha'irlarni
224

yaki byk serdarlarni meydan'gha atti. Emdi, chinchi birlirining

wezipisi dunyani zleshtrshning yaki dunyawi iqtisadning tiniqini himaye qilishning yngi usullirini tpishtin ibaret boldi. Biz
chn uyghurlarning axirqi waqitlarghiche, her dayim dunyawi
tarixning aldinqi spide bolghanliqi, zamaniwi til bilen ytqanda,
tarixning subykti bolup kelgenliki muhimdur. Men shuni alahide
tekitleshni xalighan bolar dimki, uyghurlarning bu tarixiy roli,
ularning u yaki bu dewirde, z dletchiligi bolushidin qet'iynezer,
namayan bolup, emelge ashurulup keldi. Uyghurlar her dayim dunya xelqi bolghan.
Bu missiye nmidin ibaret? Men uzaq we chongqur tarixiy
bayan'gha brilmey, uyghur tarixining ch asasiy qismi toghriliq
eslitip tshni xalaymen.
Hemmidin awwal, bu dunyaning eqil idrigi. Bizning her birimiz,
uyghur xelqining byk mutepekkrlerni dunyagha yaratqan,
qewirlerni yaxshi bilimiz. Buddizm dewrdiki: Suli Sum, Kumarajiwa, Xoylan, Sinqu Seli Tutung'gha oxshash mutepekkrlerning,
manixyzm wa'izliri: Aprinchur Tkin we Kl Tkinning, islamiyet dewrdiki mutepekkurlar: Exmet Ygneki, Yusup Xas Xajip
Balasaghuni, El-farabi, Elishr Nawayi, Ghoja Exmed Yessewiy
we Mehmut Qeshqeriyining (uning 1000-yilliq merikisi, tken yili
Birleshken Milletler Teshkilati hamiyliqi astida ptkl tsiwilizatsiyelik dunya teripidin keng da'iride nishanlandi) mengg chmes
eserliri kpligen esirler dawamidiki uyghur tepekkurining bibaha
mehsuli bolup hsaplinidu. Uyghur xelqining kpligen ewladliri
dunyawi dinlarning idiyawi we meniwi xilmuxilliqini z tarixida
bashtin kechrp, xelqimiz shu chaghda, dunyaning tzlshi we
mewjudiyetning chongqur z'ara alaqiliri toghriliq muqeddes bilimige Tengrining iltipati bilen ige boldi. Xelqimiz, eyni shu bilimni
dunya gheznisige ata qildi.
Uyghurlarning dunya tsiwilizatsiyasining tarixida oynighan,
bashqimu roli bolghan. Alemshumul iqtisadiy alaqiler we dunyawi
sistma tikliniwatqan dewirde, neq eyni shu uyghurlar, qit'eler ara,
225

dletler ara, soda liniyelirini shekillendrgen xelqler ichide, birinchilerdin bolghan idi. Neq, eyni shu uyghurlarning kch-gheyriti,
iradisi we pem-parasiti tpeyli, Ulugh Yipek Yoli, nadir tarixiy iqtisadiy amilgha, tsiwilizatsiyaler otturisidiki, iqtisadlar otturusidiki,
xelqler otturusidiki krkke aylandi.
Dunya toghriliq bilim we ademler toghriliq bilim, adem alaqilirining intayin nazuk txnologiyilirini igilesh, shundaqla uyghur xelqining chinchi tarixiy rolinimu belgilidi. Kpligen esirler dawamida ghayet chong Yawruasiya boshluqida, uyghurlar ulugh ijtima'iy,
siyasiy txnologlarning wezipisini orunlidi. Esirler dawamida, z
dletchiligige ige bolmighan halda, ular bashqurush usullirini biletti we kpligen dletlerning tarixiy teqdirlirini belgiligen halda,
ularning r'al bashqurghuchiliri bolup keldi.
Silerning her biringlar tughulushinglardin tartip bilidighan bu nersiler toghriliq silerge eslitip tp, men hazir bizning aldimizda
turghan asasiy so'alni qoyushni xalaymen. Bu so'al, biz, uyghurlar
kim ikenligimiz toghriliqtur? Hazirqi dunyada tarix bizge qandaq
orunni, qandaq rolini hediye qildi yaki biz zimizge qandaq rolini
talliwalduq?
Bizge herxil tereplerdin nahayiti tirishchanliq bilen tngiwatqan we
bizning bezibir siyasetchilirimiz oynashni yaxshi kridighan, wetensiz xelqning roli bilenla, cheklinimizmu?
Yaki belkim bizge z dletchiligige ige bolushidin qet'iynezer, kpligen xelqler bilen yz briwatqinidek, milletlerning zamaniwi qazinida tamamen yoqilip ktish yoli aldin-ala belglen'genmu?

lqining tilini, en'enilirini, medeniyitini we tarixini untulghan halda,

zimiz toghriliq uzaq we azapliq bilen untushqa bashlaymiz. Elwette, biz z dlitimizge ige bolghan halda we uyghur medeniyitini
saqlap qlish, tiklesh we tereqqiy etkzsh chn, uning iqtidaridin
paydilinip, bu so'allargha jawab izdigen bolsaq, heqiqiy muddi'a
bolghan bolar idi. Lkin bizde bu dletchilik axirqi qtim bolghanliqi we uning paji'elik qisqa dewirdila bolghanliqigha yrim esirdin
oshuq waqit tp ketkenlikini elem bilen oylaymen. Mana, mushu
ellik yildin oshuq waqittin buyan, emdi bu bolsa, uyghurlarning
bir nechche ewladi peyda bolghan dewr, biz peqetla dlitimizdin
ayrilghanliqimiz toghriliqla epsuslinip kelduq, lkin bizning milliy kimligimiz, bizning medeniyitimiz, tilimiz, iqtisadimiz we
xelqning hayatini, milletning mahiyitini teshkil qilidighan, barliq
bashqa nersilerdin ibaret tartqan ziyanlirimiz buningdinmu kprek
epsuslinishqa sazawer ikenligini chongqur qayghu-hesret bilen
oylaymen. Bizning yene qanchilighan yillar we esirler dawamida,
z dlitimizge ige bolidighanlighimizni we bu dewr ichide xelqimizning bshigha qandaq qismetlerning klidighanliqini kim bilidu?
Men, uyghur dletchiligini tiklesh chn z hayatini qurban qilghan we qiliwatqan uyghur wetenperwerlirige, intayin chong
izzet-hrmet bildrimen. Men, bu her qandaq siyasetchining, her
qandaq wetenperwerning hayati bedilige klidighan dletchilikni,
pewquladde, muhim meqset-nishan we wezipe dep hsaplaymen.

Men bu so'allar stide oylighinimda, men bizning waqtimizning intayin qisqiliqini hs qilimen. Uyghur xelqi, hazir z tarixiy tallishining girwigide turidu, chongqur oxshashlashturush bohrani halitide
turidu. Eger biz hazir: zamaniwi uyghurlar, biz kim, bizning rolimiz qandaq bolushi krek we dunyawi insaniyet tereqqiyatidiki
ornimizning qeyerde kenligini bilmisek, undaqta, biz ghayib bolushqa mehkum bolimiz, biz peydin pey, bir chaghlardiki ulugh xe-

Lkin, mningche bolghanda, uyghur dletchiligining eslige klishini ktmey turup, kemdin-kem uchraydighan ulugh medeniyet
we hazirqi zaman dunyawi siyasetning, iqtisadining, medeniyetning ehmiyetlik subykti spitide, uyghur xelqining bir ptnlkini eslige keltrsh bilen shughullinish, tximu muhim meqset we
wezipe dep hsaplaymen. Biz bir ewladnimu, onlighan yillarnimu,
bir yilnimu qoldin bermeslikimiz lazim. Bizde undaq waqitmu yoq.
Hazir dunyaning kpligen dletliride swatqan yzligen, minglighan, millyonlighan uyghur balilirigha, uyghur dlitining yo-

226

227

qluqidin ularning hayati, ularning xelqining hayati kngldikidek

bolmighanliqini, bizning hch qaysimiz ytip brishimiz, mmkin
emes.

RPAN fondi, xelqni tereqqiy etkzshning bu xildiki programmisini emelge ashurush bilen baghliq bolghan emeliy wezipilerni
hel qilish urunushlirini qilip kliwatimiz.

Eyni shuning chn men, elwette, z dletchiligimiz chn krishish bilen bir qatarda, uyghur xelqini tereqqiy etkzshning milliy programmisini shekillendrshni we emelge ashurushni eng
muhim wezipe dep, hsaplaymen.

Kch-quwwet we xelq menbeliri ytersiz bolghanliqtin, bizning

pikrimizche, tereqqiyat chn asasni belgileydighan ikki muhim
sahani talliwalduq: bu ma'arip we milliy medeniy boshluqni mustehkemleshtin ibaret.

Bu, hemmidin awwal, zamaniwi dunyada uyghurlarning umumiy

milliy rolini, ornini chshinishtin, shekillendrshtin ibaret ikenligini bildridu. Biz zimizning umumiy milliy mexsetlirimiz bilen
id'allirimizni zimiz chshiniwlishimiz we ptkl millet chn
uni chshinishlik qilishimiz lazim. Men silerning diqqitinglarni,
buning intayin muhim ikenligini, chshinishke we bizning z dlitimizning bolush-bolmaslighidin qet'iynezer, uni pemleshke diqqet
bolushunglarni xalighan bolar idim, dlitimiz bolghan chaghdimu,
bu mesile kn tertiwidin chshmeydu, u asasiy nerse spitide bolidu.

Medeniyetni biz bu yerde uyghur milliy kimlikining asasini teshkil

qilidighan ijtima'iy normilarning yighindisi spitide keng da'iride
chshinimiz.

Men eyni shuning chnmu, bizning wezipimiz, dunyawi uyghur

qurultayning wezipisi, bu so'algha jawap brishtin ibaret dep hsaplaymen. Elwette, uninggha bgnla emes, belki, millitimizning
nopuzluq wekilliri, bizning mutepekkurlirimiz, uyghur alimliri,
ijadiy xadimlirimiz, ptkl xelqimiz teripidin qilinishi lazim bolghan, jiddiy ishlardin kyin jawap brilishi krek. Emdi men bu
ishni lip brishni we uyghurlarning nwettiki dunyawi qurultiyining qarap chiqishigha, uyghur xelqining tarixiy jehettin z teqdirini
zi belgilesh heqqide, uning tereqqiyatining asasiy meqsetliri we
mundaq programmini emelge ashurush yolliri toghriliq mesilini
qoyushni teklip qilimen.
Shexsen men chn, bularning hemmisi nezeriyiwi mesililer
emes. Barliq axirqi yillar ichide men we men qurghan teshkilatlar: Merkiziy Asiya uyghur axbarat-layihe Merkizi, Merkiziy Asiya
axbarat tori, Uyghur tereqqiyat programmilirini qollap-quwwetlesh
228

Men bu ikki ynilishni intayin muhim dep hesaplaymen, chnki

ular eng muhim nersini uyghurlarning mntalittini, milliy xasliqining asasini we birlikini belgileydu.
Lkin ular, elwette, birdin-bir wezipe emes. Umumiy milliy
boshluqni shekillendrsh nuqti neziridin qarighanda, iqtisadiy sahada nahayiti jiddiy mu'emmalar mewjut. Heqiqeten, uyghurlar tijaretchilik sahasida ishleshni bilidu, bu ylinishte xelqimiz qismen
tejribe toplighan. Hazir ksprtlar bergen bahalirigha qarighanda,
uyghurlar teripidin nazaret qiliniwatqan aktiwlar 100 millyardtin
oshuq AQSh dollirini teshkil qilidu. Uyghurlarning 40%-din oshuqi zlirini dunyadiki ottura hsaptikidin oshuq kirim bilen teminlimekte. Bu milletning intayin chong iqtisadiy iqtidari toghriliq
we shundaqla, uyghur iqtisadi alemshumul iqtisadiy sistmilarda
muhim rol oynishi mmkin ikenligidin dalalet bridu.
Biz chn bu xelqning iqtisadiy iqtidarini kcheytish nuqti neziridinmu, shundaqla, xelqning hazir muhtajliqta yashawatqan qismigha
yardem brish nuqti neziridinmu nahayiti muhimdur. 6 millyon'gha
yqin adem muhtajliqta yashimaqta. Dunyaning chong shirketliride, xelq'ara maliye mehkimiliride muhim lawazimlarni igiligen
uyghurlar az emes. Bizning nopuzluq tijaretchilirimizning chong
iqtidari toghriliq guwahliq qilidighan mundaq misallar az emes.
229

Hazir uyghur iqtisadi dgen chshenche r'al tarmaqqa qarighanda, biz krshni xalaydighan obraz bolsa krek. Men biz milliy
iqtisadiy kngeshni shekillendrshimiz lazim, dep hsaplaymen,
bu kngesh uyghur iqtisadiy dep atilidighan nersini layihilesh we
qurush bilen shughullinishi lazim bolghan bolar idi. Buning chn
iqtidar bar we u nurghun. Mesilen, bu sahada ishlewatqanlarning
hemmisi chn umumiy da'irilerni tpishtin we wezipe brishtin
ibaret, bu da'iriler uyghur tijaretchilirini birleshtrsh we yngi
spetni milliy iqtisadni wujudqa keltrsh mmkin bolghan bolar idi. z dlitige ige xelqler chn, bu ongay hel qilinidu: oyun
qa'idilirini zgertish we iqtisadiy uyghunlashturghuchilarni jari qilish hsabigha emelge ashurulidu. Emdi bizde bolsa bu xli murekkep, lkin shundaqla muhim wezipe, chnki uyghur iqtisadini
wujudqa keltrmey turup, uyghur xelqining tereqqiyati toghriliq,
sz qilish mmkin emes.
Uyghur ahalisining medeniyet tereqqiyatigha en'eniwi rewishte
kngl blnwatqan Qazaqistanda, bari yoqi 20% bala z ana tilida bilim liwatidu.
Hazir dunyada neshr qiliniwatqan kitaplarning umumiy tirazhi 500
mingdin ashmaydu. Bu dmek her bir uyghur a'ilisige ana tilidiki 2
kitab toghra klidighanliqini bildridu.
Mektep ptergen uyghur yashlirining peqet 5% aliy bilim lishi
mmkin. Slishturush chn shuni tekitlesh krekki, biz bilen bille
yashawatqan qirghizlar, qazaqlar we zbeklerde bu reqem 30%
yuqiri.
Bularning hemmisi texminen brilgen melumatlar, niq tetqiqatlar
yoq we bumu hazir biz hel qilishimiz lazim bolghan muhim wezipe
bolup hsaplinidu. Etimalim, biz umumiy uyghur ahalisini royxetke lishni tkzsh teshebbusini z stmizge alsaq yaxshi bolghan bolar idi. Buningdin biz alidighan melumat tximu knglsiz
bolidu, dep teshwishlinimen. Lkin biz uyghur xelqining qandaq

230

yashawatqanliqi, uning qandaq halette turiwatqanliqi toghriliq heqiqetni bilishimiz krek.

Bizge umumiy uyghur ma'arip, axbarat we medeniyet programmilirini wujudqa keltrsh we emelge ashurush lazim. Jmlidin, peqet
birla umumiy uyghur ma'arip yaki axbarat layihisi bilen cheklinish
muwapiq bolmaydu. Ular nurghun bolushi mmkin we zrr. Bu
ishning uyghunlashturulushi we bu kch chiqirishlarning bir biri
bilen riqabetleshmey, belki jemlinishi muhimdur. Buning chn
men ma'arip we medeniyet boyiche umumiy milliy kngeshni
shekillendrshni teklip qilimen. Lkin bu kngesh memuriy yaki
nazaret qilghuchi organ spitide emes, belki layihilesh merkizi we
fond spitide qurulushi lazim, u bu sahalardiki layihilerni tzshni emelge ashurghan we ularni emelge ashurush chn meblegh
tpishqa yardem bergen bolar idi.
Umumiy milliy siyasiy boshluqni shekillendrsh nahayiti qiyin
mesile bolup hsaplinidu. Hazir uyghurlar herikitini siyasiy jehettin bashqurushqa intiliwatqan bir nechche top mewjut.
Mningche bolghanda, ikki yol bilen qatar mngish krek.
Hemmidin awwal uyghurlarning yerlik zini zi bashqurush ishi
bilen shughullinish lazim. Uyghurlarning birleshmiliri bu xelqimizning huli we biz ulargha uyghurlar hayatining barliq mesililirini hel qilishta tximu muhim rol oynishi chn yardem brishimiz
mmkin.
Peqet toluq wakaletlik we toluq hoquqluq, kchlk yerlik birleshmiler asasidila, peydin-pey, twendin heriket qilghan halda umumiy uyghur siyasiy bashqarmisi shekillinishi lazim.
Hazir, mning bayqishimche, 200 din oshuq her xil uyghur teshkilatliri, on'gha yqin siyasiy partiye, teshkilat we heriket mewjut.
Lkin, mesile shuningdin ibaretki, ular z pa'aliyitide uyghurlarning yzdin bir qismini birleshtridu, bezide mundaq teshkilatlar
uyghurlarning menpe'etlirini himaye qilish chn xizmet qilmay231

du, belki yerlik nopuzluq kishiler, ularning yardimi bilen hakimiyet orunliridin imtiyazlarni lishqa heriket qilidighan wasite bolup
hsaplinidu, zlirining tijaret menpe'etlirini himaye qilish chn
paydilinidu.
Yene bir tereptin, umumiy milliy siyasiy bashqurushqa dawa qiliwatqan barliq mewjut toplarning kch-quwwitini uyghunlashturush urunushlirini qilish krek. Kim muhimirek yaki kim emeliyette
uyghurlargha wakaletlik qilidighanliqi toghriliq emes, belki u yaki
bu topning qandaq programmilar bilen layihilerni emelge ashurushi
mmkin ikenliki toghriliq klishim tzsh krek.
Yeni hakimiyetni teqsim qilish toghriliq emes, belki uyghur xelqining niq mu'emmalirini hel qilishta z ara heriket qilish toghriliq,
klishish lazim. Bu toplar, kpligen yillar dawamida, her xil hamiylardin millyonlighan dollarlarni aldi, emdi netije qandaq boldi?
Uyghurlar herikitini, uyghurlarni tereqqiy etkzsh mesililirini
netijidarliq siyasiy jehettin bashqurush bolmighan we u txichila
yoq.

My beloved grandmother Idayathan. Kulja. 1963.

-. . , 1963.

Men bgn silerge asasiy xususiyetlirini bayan qilghan mundaq

programma mewjut bolidighan bolsa we emelge ashurulsa dmek
bir nechche yildin kyin biz, uyghurlarning umumiy milliy meqsetliri, umumiy milliy bashqarmisi, umumiy milliy hayat boshluqi
bar dep isheshlik ytishimiz mmkin. We biz uyghur xelqining
tereqqiyat wezipilirini, uning hazirqi nahayiti murekkep dunyada
qedirlik we munasip mewjut bolushining wezipilirini otturigha
qoyushimiz we hel qilishimiz mmkin bolidu.
Diqqitinglargha rehmet!

With my mother and little brother Yar Muhammad. Frunze 1967.

. . 1967.
232

233

My grandfather on my mother's side - Abdreim Kenji, 1910-1964. An active participant of

the Eastern Turkestan Revolution 1944-49. Worked as a prosecutor of the Kashgar region,
bank manager in Chuguchak and director of the XUAR forestry department from 1946 to
1964. Photo taken in 1946, Kulja.
- ,1910-1964.
- 1944-49.
, .
1946 1964. 1946. . .

Father Muhammad Kadeer

1936-2000. Honored
worker of culture of
Xinjiang. Gulja 1998.

1936-2000.
.
. 1998.

Mother Tursunai ajim

and her sister Patigul aji.
Doctors. Urumchi. 1952.

.
. . , 1952.

234

Author of the book in the

Ak-Togai village, refugees
camp. Kazakhstan. 1963.
. -
.
, 1963.

With father (1st from left) and relatives, seeing each other for the first
time after 22 years of separation. Jelyuz Ili region. 1998
(1- ) 22 . .
. 1998 .

With relatives. From left to right, seated: 5th - mother Tursunai aji, 6th - her brother Abdulla
Kenji - veteran of the Eastern Turkestan Revolution 1944-49. Boritala, 1985.
. ; 5- - , 6-
- - 1944-49 . .
, 1985.
235

With cousin Mahmud Kurban in front of the ancient mosque Yadkar. Kashgar, 1985.
. .
, 1985.

Mother Tursunai agi during hajj. Mekka, Saudi Arabia, 2010

. . , 2010.

With seekers of nephrite at river Urunkash Hotan, 2011.

. . , 2011.

With mother at home. Bishkek, 2013.

. . , 2013.

236

237

238
239

For centuries, my ancestors have led

caravans, connecting the countries,
peoples and human civilizations.

,
.

Mysterious Uyghuria, one

of the oldest centers of
human civilization.
,


.

Uyghur haqan with the army in the campaign. Fragment of wall

painting from 1000 Room cave. 7-8 centuries.
.
1000 7-8 .

Ancient musicians. Fragment of painting from Biziglik cave. Kucha. 3-4 centuries.
. , . 3-4 .
240

Avalokiteshvara. Fragment of the painting

during the Buddhism era. 7-8 centuries.
.
. 7-8

Head of Buddhist sculpture. 8-9 centuries.

. 8-9

Statuette of a young rider.

Turpan, 6th century.
.
. , 6 .

A bronze statuette of Mani. 3-4 century AD.

. 3-4 ..
241

Press form for printing books.

Turfan principality. 8-13
centuries.

.
. 8-13 .

Monument to Buddhist scientist, Uyghur

prince Kumarajiva. Kucha. 4-5 century AD.
,
. .
. 4-5 ..

Kul tegin stone with runic writing. 9 century.

. 9 .

Fragment of the Manichaean writing on paper.

Turfan principality. 7-8 centuries.
.
. 7-8 .

Fragment of the Manichaean writing on silk.

Hotan kingdom. 7-8 centuries.
.
. 7-8 .

Ancient ruins of the Uyghur capital Kocho. Turfan. 9-12 centuries.

.., 9-12 .
242

243

The picture of the Uyghur painter Ahmet Gazi 12 Uyghur mukams. Urumchi, 1990.
12 . .
, 1990.

Iparhan, popular heroine, example of

Uyghur people's indomitable will for
freedom.
, ,

.

Amanisahan, a prominent collector of 12

Uyghur mukams. 12th century.
,
12 . 12 .

244

Gazibay, the father of the Uyghur

Medicine, author of the first medical
encyclopedia. 5th century BC.
, ,

. 5 ..

Yusuf Hass Hadjib Balasaguni, author

of a didactic poem Kutadgu bilig. 11th
century.
,
.
11 .

Mirza Haidar Gurgani, an outstanding

scientist and statesman of the Mughal
state (1499-1551)
,
,
(14991551.)

Mahmud Kashgari,the great scholar,

linguist, author of Divan Lugat at Turki
(1029-1126)
, ,
, .
(1029-1126.)

245

Ahmetjan Kasimi, President

of the Government of the
East Turkestan Republic
1944-49.
,

-
1944-49.
Government of the East Turkestan Islamic Republic. Kashgar. 1933.
- . . , 1933 .

Announcement of the Independence Declaration of the East Turkestan Islamic Republic.

Kashgar. 12 november 1933.
-
. . , 12 1933.
246

Kasymjan Kamberi,
member of the
government,Chairman of
the Military Court of the
East Turkestan Republic.
(1910-1946)
,
,


.
(1910-1946.)

Lutpulla Mutallip, head

of the underground
revolutionary organization
Spark in Aksu, an ardent
poet. (1922-1945)
,

. , .
(1922-1945.)

Initiators and leaders of the national liberation movement of East Turkestan 1944-49 Left to
right: Abdreim Kenji, Ahmetjan Kasimi, Tohti Alimov.
-
1944-49.. -: , , .
247

With the first President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akaev. Bishkek. 1996.

. . , 1996.

During a meeting of the Uyghur community with the President of Kyrgyzstan

Askar Akayev. Lebedinovka, 1996.

. . , 1996.

The President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akaev looks at the objects of Uyghur

culture and folk. Lebedinovka, 1996.

- . . e, 1996.

Memory photo with the President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akaev during the medal
ceremony of 1000 years of Manas epic Bishkek, 1995.

1000 . . , 1995.

248

249

The Kyrgyzstan Government Prime Minister visit celebration of the Days of Uyghur
Culture. Bishkek, 1995
e- a
. . , 1995.

Meating in the office of the Society Ittipak. Standing from left to right: 3rd-Muzapparhan
Kurbanov, the first initiator Society and schief editor of the Society newspaper, 4th-Nizametdin
Sametov, Vice-Chairman of the Society's. Seated from left to right: 1st Sabit Babadjanov,
artist, 2nd Ahmatjan Gaziev, 3rd Abdreim Mametov, 5th Hakim Rosi. Bishkek, 1992.
. -: 3- -
,
, 4-- , .
-:1- , , 2- , ,
3- , , 5- , . . , 1992.
250

Leaders and activists of the Uyghurs' Society Ittipak in celebration of the

Independence Day of Kyrgyzstan. Bishkek, 1994.

. . , 1994.

Abdumajit kari Paltaev,

Bishkek mosque imam and
one of the first initiators and
teachers at madrasa during
the Soviet period. One of
the initiators and activists
of Uyghur Society Ittipak.
Frunze, 1990.
,




.


. .
, 1990.

Abdreim Mametov, retired

colonel, veteran of the
national liberation army of
East Turkestan, the first
chairman of the Council
of Elders of the Uyghur
Society Ittipak.
,
,

,



.

251

Gulaim Kambarova, first

Chairman of Women's
Council, of Uyghur Society
Ittipak in Kyrgyzstan.
,


.

Delegation of intellectuals of Central Asia at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the
resettlement of Uyghurs in Turkmenistan. Bairam-Ali, 1994.
100
. . -, 1994.

With Kazakstan's notable arts people. Standing from left to right: 2nd
Quddus Kujam'yarov, composer, USSR People's Artist, 3rd Rushangul
Ilahunova, People's Artist of the Kazakh SSR, 4th Ziya Samedi, national
writer, 5th Aziz Narynbaev, corresponding member, doctor of Philosophy.
Almaty 1993.
. : 2- , ,
, 3- , ,
4- , , 5- , , . . 1993.
252

Group photo of members of the Board of the First National Congress of

representatives of East Turkestan. Istanbul, 1992.

. . , 1992.

With the patriarch of the international Uyghur movement Aisa Yusup

Alptekin. Istanbul, 1993.

. . , 1993.
253

OSCE High Commissioner Maks van der Stoel;. Bishkek, 1995.

. . , 1995.

Meeting with international experts on the problems of national minorities

in the Society's office Ittipak. Bishkek, 1995.

. . , 1995.
254

National Meeting of veterans and young Uyghur movement politicians. In the right row,
from left to right: Kaharman Gojamberdi, Omer Kanat, Dolkun Aysa, Nur Muhammad
Karahan, Ashir Vahidi.
.
-: , , ,
, .

Leaders of the anti-nuclear movement Lobnor with Oljas Suleimenov,

Chairman of the International antinuclear movement NevadaSemipalatinsk. Left 2nd, Abdumajit Husaynov, in the center, Oljas
Suleimenov, on the far right, Kazimir Karimov.

,
-. 2-, ,
, , , .
255

With the General Secretary of the Government of the East Turkestan Republic
Abduravup Mahsum. Drujba, Kazakhstan, 2003.
-
. . , , 2003.
With Mr. Erkin Alptekin, experienced leader of the international Uyghur
movement. New York, 1994.
,
. . -, 1994.

With Hamit Kamraev, young

scientist, leader of the Uyghur
PEN Centre. Almaty, 1995.
,
,

. . , 1995.

A meeting of activists of the Fund ERPAN with

Askar Jan, Head of Uyghur organisation in Germany.
Bishkek 2005.
ERPAN
,
. . 2005.

256

Leaders of the Joint Committee of the peoples of East Turkestan, Inner

Mongolia and Tibet. New York, 1994.
,
. - 1994.
257

Heads of Uyghur organizations at cultural events in Kayseri. Turkey, 2004.

. .
, 2004.
Meeting with the Muslim League General Secretary
Mr. Mohammad Hafiz. Mecca, 1997.

. . , 1997.

At the events dedicated to the anniversary of the death of the patriarch of the international
Uyghur movement Aisa Yusuf Alptekin. In the center, a retired general, Muzamad Reesa
Bekin, Chariman of the of the East Turkestan Foundation. Istanbul, 1996.

. , ,
, . . , 1996.
258

Meeting with Amin Kashgar,major Uyghur businessman and Huseyin Qari,

aksakal from Saudi Arabia. Jeddah, 1998.
,
. . , 1998.
259

As part of the parliamentary delegation, meeting with representatives

of the U.S. Congress, Washington, DC, 1994.

, . , 1994.

Discussion with Mrs. Rebiya Kadeer, Chairman of the World Uyghur

Congress. Washington, DC, 2008.
,
. . , 2008.
260

With XUAR notable science and arts people. Standing from left to right: 1st Abliz Orhun,
editor of Adabiyat Tazkerisi 6th Aset Sulaiman, famous writer and researcher. Urumchi,
2001.
. -: 1- ,
, 6-- , ,
. . , 2001.

Leaders and delegates of the conference of the World Assembly

of Turkic peoples. Shymkent. 2008.

. . . 2008.
261

Visiting Uyghur Americans. 1st on the right, Omar Kanat, Vice-Chairman of the World
Uyghur Congress. Virginia, 2008.
. , ,
. . , 2008.

Touch of wisdom. While talking with the outstanding writer of the XX century, my
countryman, Chingiz Aitmatov.
. XX
, - .

The first woman President of the Kyrgyz Republic, Mrs. Roza Otunbaeva. Bishkek, 2013.
, . . , 2013.
262

With colleagues from the writers' workshop. From right to left - Dalmira Tilepbergenova,
head of the Central Asian Pen Centre, Mr. Hori Takeaki, International Secretary of PEN
Club, Keysar Ozgun, co-chairman of the Ural-Altai PEN centers network. Bishkek, 2013.
. - ,
- , ,
, , - . . , 2013.
263

        


     
       
     
     


My children. From right to left: Diyar, Diyaz and Adiyam.

. -:, .

 
    
       

 

       
       
        
 
    


        
      
       
        
      
 

With son Oguzhan.

.

 
264

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73

72


        
       
     
      
      




       
     


 

       
     
     
       
     
      
      

      
      


71

        
       
      
     
     
 
       
      
      

       

     
      
       
     
      
        

       
       
      
    

        
      
      
      

70



     

      


      
       
         
       
       

     
      
 
      

        
      

        
    
        
 


 
    
      
69

       
         
      
      
     
   


     
      
     
      

     

      
       
       



     
 
      


       
       
68

       

      
      
      
      
      
       
         
      



        
     
        
     
      
       
     
      
     
     
      
       

      


 
 
 
 
  


 

      
     
 
     

      
    
      

      
    
    
     
    
     
    
       
     


     

          
       

67

66


       
 
      
 
     
      
      
      
      
 
     
     
       
      
 
     
        
     
    
    
        
 


    
     
 
   
      
       
       
     
        
 
       
      
      
 
     
      

 

       
         
 

      

     

       
       
 


 

 
 

65

64

      
  


       

 
     
        
     
     
       
    
 

     
      
       
     
 
      
     
     

      
       
         
 

63


    
 

     
   
     
       
       
      
      
      
      

 
       
     
   
     
    
 
        
 
       
      
       
     

62

     
     
 

      

 


     
     
       
    

    
   

      
      
 


       
 


       
       
     
 

    
      
     
     
 
      
      
61

       
 
     
 
     

 
       

      

     
      
     
 
       
     
    
    
 
 
60

 
       
       
       
       
       
 

     
 
      
        
      
      
 

     

       
       
       
       


      
 


      
     

 

      
      
      
        
 

        


       
 

       
      
    
 
      
     

   
      
      

      

 

59

58

    
      
      
 

       
       
      
 
        
      
      
 
       
     
      
 
      
       
 

       
       

         

   
      
       
 

        
       
     
      
    
 
     
       
     
 
 
     


 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

 

      
     
 

 
 

57

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51

50

      
       
      
       
        
       
 
  
         
      
      
    
 

 
 
 
 
 
   

 
 
 


      
     
 
     
       
 
       
      
     
        
     
 
       
    
        
      
       
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3


 
 
 
      
 
       
     
 
      

    
       
       
     
       

 
      
      
          
      
        
      
          

 
2

 
  
        
      
 
        
    
      
 
      
      
        
 
Anam Tursunay hajim Kenjiwagha
bghishlaymen

Endila 25 yashqa kirgen, symlk yaridin ayrilghan, qolida ch yashliq

tunja balisi, bir yrim ayliq narside bilen anisi we inisini egeshtrp,
1963-yili, 9-aprl kni bizni qutuldirimen dep, anam Wetinini tashlap
chiqishqa mejbur bolghan
Biz dunyagha kelgen ana-Weten, symlk sheher Ghulja, yqin qomqrindashliri, tonush-bilishliri toghriliq anamning hkayiliri mningda
xelqimning pajielik teghdiri heqqide oylarning payda bolushigha asas
bolupla qalmay, shundaqla qolumgha qelem lishqa ilhamlandurdi.
Anamning armanlirini orunlashqa kchm ytemdu?
Uning manga bolghan ishenchisini, muhebbitini, chidamini aqlalaymenmu?
Mning jawawim: men barliq kch-gheyritimni seperwer qilimen, Ana!
Bu mning birinchi kitawim, mning hayatiy shiarim hem bu kitapni
sizge beghishlaymen, Apa!
1

7
21
26
41
49

56
66