Machine Design - U. C. Jindal

Scilab Textbook Companion for
Machine Design
by U. C. Jindal1
Created by
Vibha Manvi
B.E Mechanical
Mechanical Engineering
Cummins College of Engineering,Pune
College Teacher
Prof. N.r. Patil
Cross-Checked by
Ganesh R
August 10, 2013
1 Funded
by a grant from the National Mission on Education through ICT,

http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro. This Textbook Companion and Scilab
codes written in it can be downloaded from the Textbook Companion Project
section at the website http://scilab.in
Book Description
Title: Machine Design
Author: U. C. Jindal
Publisher: Dorling Kindersley (India)
Edition: 1
Year: 2010
ISBN: 978-81-317-1659-5
Scilab numbering policy used in this document and the relation to the
above book.
Exa Example (Solved example)
Eqn Equation (Particular equation of the above book)
AP Appendix to Example(Scilab Code that is an Appednix to a particular
Example of the above book)
For example, Exa 3.51 means solved example 3.51 of this book. Sec 2.3 means
a scilab code whose theory is explained in Section 2.3 of the book.
Contents
List of Scilab Codes
3 MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
13
4 MANUFACTURING CONSIDERATIONS
37
5 INTRODUCTION TO PRESSURE VESSELS
42
6 LEVERS
47
7 STRUTS AND COLUMNS
54
8 SPRINGS
59
9 THREADED FASTENERS
74
10 PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS
82
11 RIVETED JOINTS
87
12 WELDED JOINTS
94
13 COTTER AND KNUCKLE JOINTS
101
14 KEYS AND COUPLINGS
106
15 SHAFTS
113
16 POWER SCREWS
119
17 SLIDING CONTACT BEARINGS
127
18 ROLLING BEARINGS
134
19 FLYWHEEL
142
20 FLAT BELT DRIVE
149
21 V BELT DRIVE
158
22 FRICTION CLUTCHES
164
23 BRAKES
174
24 ROPE DRIVE
182
25 GEARS
186
26 HELICAL GEARS
193
27 STRAIGHT BEVEL GEARS
198
28 WORM AND WORM WHEEL SET
206
29 GEARBOX
212
30 CHAIN DRIVE
216
31 SEALS PACKING AND GASKETS
220
List of Scilab Codes

Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
3.21
3.22
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
3.27
3.28
MS1 .
MS2 .
MS3 .
MS4 .
MS5 .
MS6 .
MS7 .
MS8 .
MS9 .
MS10
MS11
MS12
MS13
MS14
MS15
MS16
MS17
MS18
MS19
MS20
MS21
MS22
MS23
MS24
MS25
MS26
MS27
MS28
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13
14
14
15
15
16
17
17
18
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
25
25
26
27
27
28
29
29
30
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
3.29
3.30
3.31
3.32
3.33
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
MS29 .
MS30 .
MS31 .
MS32 .
MS33 .
MF1 . .
MF2 . .
MF3 . .
MF4 . .
IPV5 1
IPV5 2
IPV5 3
IPV5 4
IPV5 5
L1 . . .
L2 . . .
L3 . . .
L4 . . .
L5 . . .
L6 . . .
SC1 . .
SC2 . .
SC3 . .
SC4 . .
SC5 . .
SC6 . .
SC7 . .
S8 1 . .
S8 2 . .
S8 3 . .
S8 4 . .
S8 5 . .
S8 6 . .
S8 7 . .
S8 8 . .
S8 9 . .
S8 10 .
S8 11 .
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30
32
33
34
35
37
38
39
40
42
43
44
44
45
47
48
49
50
51
52
54
55
55
56
56
57
58
59
60
61
61
63
63
64
66
67
68
69
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
8.12
8.13
8.14
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.11
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
12.10
12.11
S8 12A
S8 13 .
S8 14 .
TF1 . .
TF2 . .
TF3 . .
TF4 . .
TF5 . .
TF6 . .
TF7 . .
TF8 . .
TF9 . .
TF10 .
TF11 .
PPJ1 .
PPJ2 .
PPJ3 .
PPJ4 .
RJ1 . .
RJ2 . .
RJ3 . .
RJ4 . .
RJ5 . .
RJ6 . .
RJ7 . .
RJ8 . .
RJ9 . .
WJ1 . .
WJ2 . .
WJ3 . .
WJ4 . .
WJ5 . .
WJ6 . .
WJ7 . .
WJ8 . .
WJ9 . .
WJ10 .
WJ11 .
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7
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70
71
72
74
74
75
75
76
77
78
79
79
80
81
82
82
84
85
87
87
88
89
90
90
91
92
93
94
94
95
95
96
97
97
98
99
99
100
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
18.1
18.2
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
CKJ1
CKJ2
CKJ3
CKJ4
KC1 .
KC2 .
KC3 .
KC4 .
KC5 .
KC6 .
KC7 .
S2 . .
S3 . .
S4 . .
S5 . .
S6 . .
S7 . .
PS1 .
PS2 .
PS3 .
PS4 .
PS5 .
PS6 .
PS7 .
PS8 .
SCB1
SCB2
SCB3
SCB4
SCB5
SCB6
SCB7
RB1 .
RB2 .
RB4 .
RB5 .
RB6 .
RB7 .
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8
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101
102
103
104
106
107
108
108
109
110
111
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
122
123
124
125
127
128
128
129
130
131
132
134
134
135
136
137
138
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
18.8
18.9
18.10
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.6
20.7
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
22.5
22.6
22.7
22.8
22.9
22.10
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
23.6
RB8 . . .
RB9 . . .
RB10 . .
F1 . . . .
F2 . . . .
F3 . . . .
F4 . . . .
F5 . . . .
F6 . . . .
F7 . . . .
FBD1 . .
FBD2 . .
FBD3 . .
FBD4 . .
FBD5 . .
FBD6 . .
FBD7 . .
VBELT1
VBELT2
VBELT3
VBELT4
VBELT5
FC221 . .
FC222 . .
FC223 . .
FC224 . .
FC225 . .
FC226 . .
FC227 . .
FC228 . .
FC229 . .
FC2210 .
B23 1 . .
B23 2 . .
B23 3 . .
B23 4 . .
B23 5 . .
B23 6 . .
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9
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139
140
141
142
143
144
145
145
146
147
149
150
151
152
153
155
156
158
159
160
161
162
164
165
167
167
168
169
170
171
172
172
174
175
176
177
178
179
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
23.7
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
25.1
25.2
25.3
25.4
25.5
25.6
26.1
26.2
26.3
26.4
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.7
27.8
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.6
29.1
29.2
29.3
30.1
30.2
30.3
30.4
31.1
31.2
B23 7 .
RD1 . .
RD2 . .
RD3 . .
RD4 . .
G1 . . .
G2 . . .
G3 . . .
G4 . . .
G5 . . .
G6 . . .
HG1 . .
HG2 . .
HG3 . .
HG4 . .
SBG1 .
SBG2 .
SBG3 .
SBG4 .
SBG5 .
SBG6 .
SBG7 .
SBG8 .
WWS1
WWS2
WWS3
WWS4
WWS5
WWS6
GB1 . .
GB2 . .
GB3 . .
CD1 . .
CD2 . .
CD3 . .
CD4 . .
SPG1 .
SPG2 .
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180
182
183
184
184
186
187
188
189
190
191
193
194
195
196
198
199
199
200
201
202
203
205
206
207
207
208
209
210
212
213
214
216
216
217
218
220
221
Exa 31.3
SPG3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
222
List of Figures
3.1
MS29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
22.1 FC224 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
168
12
Chapter 3
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Scilab code Exa 3.1 MS1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
// sum 31
clc ;
clear ;
d =10;
l =1500;
m =12;
h =50;
E =210*10^3;
sigut =450;
A = %pi * d ^2/4;
W = m *9.81;
sigi = W / A *(1+ sqrt (1+(2* E * A * h ) /( W * l ) ) ) ;
deli = sigi * l / E ;
siggradual = W / A ;
sigsudden =2* siggradual ;
// p r i n t i n g d a t a i n s c i l a b o /p window
printf ( s i g i i s %f N/mm2
, sigi ) ;
printf ( \n d e l i i s %f mm
, deli ) ;
printf ( \n s i g g r a d u a l i s %f N/mm2
,
siggradual ) ;
13
21
22
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e a n s w e r o f s i g i and
s i g g r a d u a l i s due t o round o f f e r r o r s .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
// sum 32
clc ;
clear ;
d =5;
A = %pi * d ^2/4;
l =100*10^3;
W =600;
E =210*10^3;
w =0.0784*10^ -3;
del1 = W * l /( A * E ) ;
del2 = w * l ^2/(2* E ) ;
del = del1 + del2 ;
printf ( d e l i s %f mm
, del ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
// sum 33
clc ;
clear ;
m =25;
v =3;
E =210*10^3;
KE =0.5* m * v ^2;
d =30;
L =2000;
14
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
A = %pi * d ^2/4;
U = A * L /(2* E ) ;
del =4*10^ -5* A ;
W = A * del ;
sigi = sqrt ( KE *10^3/( W + U ) ) ;
printf ( d e l i s %f N/mm2
, sigi ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
// sum 34
clc ;
clear ;
P =40*10^3;
A =60*18;
sig = P / A ;
r1 =12;
b1 =60;
SCF1 =1.7;
sigmax1 = sig * SCF1 ;
r2 =24;
b2 =60;
SCF2 =1.5;
sigmax2 = sig * SCF2 ;
printf ( s i g m a x 1 i s %f N/mm2
, sigmax1 ) ;
printf ( \n s i g m a x 2 i s %f N/mm2
, sigmax2 ) ;

1
// sum 35
15
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
clc ;
clear ;
p =2.4;
// L e t a x i a l movement o f nut be La
La = p *45/360;
d =20;
D =30;
L =500;
d1 =18;
As = %pi * d1 ^2/4;
Ac = %pi *( D ^2 - d ^2) /4;
sigt =120/(3.543) ;
sigb =1.543* sigt ;
printf ( s i g t i s %f N/mm2
, sigt ) ;
printf ( \n s i g b i s %f N/mm2
, sigb ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
// sum 36
clc ;
clear ;
delT =100;
ab =18*10^ -6;
aa =23*10^ -6;
delta =(360* ab * delT ) +(450* aa * delT ) ;
lc = delta -0.6;
Ea =70*10^3;
Eb =105*10^3;
Aa =1600;
Ab =1300;
P = lc /((360/( Ab * Eb ) ) +(450/( Aa * Ea ) ) ) ;
P = P *10^ -3;
// L e t t h e c h a n g e i n l e n g t h be d e l L
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
delL =( aa *450* delT ) -( P *10^3*450/( Aa * Ea ) ) ;

printf ( P i s %f kN
,P ) ;
printf ( \n d e l L i s %f mm
, delL ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e a n s w e r o f d e l L i s due t o
round o f f e r r o r s .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
// sum 37
clc ;
clear ;
a =23*10^ -6;
E =70*10^3;
l =750;
sig =35;
delT =(( sig * l / E ) +0.8) /( l * a ) ;
printf ( d e l T i s %f degC
, delT ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
// sum 38
clc ;
clear ;
OA =60;
AB =30;
OC = -20;
CD = -30;
theta =30;
17
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
angBEK =2* theta ;

OM =14;
KM =49.5;
p1 =70;
p2 = -30;
angBEH = -37;
angBEI =143;
theta1 = angBEH /2;
theta2 = angBEI /2;
Tmax =50;
angBEL =53;
angBEN =233;
theta3 = angBEL /2;
theta4 = angBEN /2;
printf ( S t r e s s on p l a n e AB i s %f MPa
, OM ) ;
printf ( \n S t r e s s on p l a n e AB i s %f MPa
, KM ) ;
printf ( \n P r i n c i p a l s t r e s s p1 i s %f MPa
, p1 )
;
printf ( \n P r i n c i p a l s t r e s s p2 i s %f MPa
, p2 )
;
printf ( \n P r i n c i p a l a n g l e t h e t a 1 i s %f deg
,
theta1 ) ;
printf ( \n P r i n c i p a l a n g l e t h e t a 2 i s %f deg
,
theta2 ) ;
printf ( \n Maximum s h e a r s t r e s s i s %f MPa
,
Tmax ) ;
printf ( \n D i r e c t i o n o f p l a n e t h e t a 3 i s %f deg
, theta3 ) ;
printf ( \n D i r e c t i o n o f p l a n e t h e t a 4 i s %f deg
, theta4 ) ;
// The a n s w e r s i n t h e book a r e w r i t t e n i n form o f
d e g r e e s and m i n u t e s .
18

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
// sum 39
clc ;
clear ;
E =200*10^3;
v =0.29;
E1 =720*10^ -6;
E2 =560*10^ -6;
p1 =121.76;
p2 = -76.69;
printf ( p1 i s %f MN/mm2
, p1 ) ;
printf ( \n p2 i s %f MN/mm2
, p2 ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
// sum 310
clc ;
clear ;
G =38*10^3;
d =10;
P =5*10^3;
A = %pi * d ^2/4;
sig = P / A ;
deld =0.0002;
// L e t t h e l a t e r a l s t r a i n be E1
E1 = deld / d ;
v =2* deld * G /( sig -(2* deld * G ) ) ;
E =2* G *(1+ v ) *10^ -3;
// p r i n t i n g d a t a i n s c i l a b o / p window
printf ( v i s %0 . 4 f
,v ) ;
printf ( \n E i s %0 . 3 f kN/mm2
,E ) ;
19

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
// sum 311
clc ;
clear ;
D =1500;
p =1.2;
sigt =100;
sigc = p * D /2;
siga = p * D /4;
P = sigc *2*10^3;
n =0.75;
t = sigc /( n * sigt ) ;
printf ( t i s %0 . 1 f mm
,t ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
// sum 312
clc ;
clear ;
D =50;
t =1.25;
d =0.5;
n =1/ d ;
p =1.5;
siga = p * D /(4* t ) ;
sigc =20.27;
sigw = sigc /0.31416;
20
13
14
printf ( s i g w i s %0 . 2 f N/mm2
, sigw ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
// sum 313
clc ;
clear ;
R1 =50;
p =75;
pmax =125;
R2 = sqrt (( pmax + p ) * R1 ^2/( pmax - p ) ) ;
t = R2 - R1 ;
,t ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
// sum 314
clc ;
clear ;
R1 =40;
R2 =60;
B =50;
E =210*10^3;
e =41*10^ -6;
sig =2* R1 ^2/( R2 ^2 - R1 ^2) ;
p = E * e / sig ;
Fr = p *2* %pi * R1 * B ;
u =0.2;
Fa = u * Fr *10^ -3;
21
15
16
printf ( Fa i s %0 . 2 f kN
, Fa ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
// sum 315
clc ;
clear ;
a1 =10*1.5;
x1 =15 -0.75;
a2 =1.5*(15 -1.5) ;
x2 =(15 -1.5) /2;
y1 =(( a1 * x1 ) +( a2 * x2 ) ) /( a1 + a2 ) ;
y2 = a1 - y1 ;
Ixx =(10*1.5^3) /12+(10*1.5*(5.06 -1.5/2) ^2)
+(1.5*13.5^3/12) +(1.5*13.5*(9.94 -6.75) ^2) ;
Z1 = Ixx / y1 ;
Z2 = Ixx / y2 ;
L =3;
sigc =50;
W = sigc * Z1 / L *10^ -3;
printf ( W i s %0 . 3 f kN
,W ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
// sum 316
clc ;
clear ;
D =22;
d =20;
r =1;
22
7 K =2.2;
8 sigmax =130;
9 sigmax = sigmax / K ;
10 Z = %pi * d ^3/32;
11 M = sigmax * Z *10^ -3;
12
13
14
printf ( M i s %0 . 3 f Nm
,M ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
// sum 317
clc ;
clear ;
A =(12*2) +(12*2) +(30 -4) ;
B = sqrt ( A /2) ;
D =2* B ;
B1 =12;
D1 =30;
d =26;
b =1;
Z1 =(( B1 * D1 ^3) -(( B1 - b ) * d ^3) ) /( B1 * D1 /2) ;
Zr = B * D ^2/6;
// L e t t h e r a t i o o f b o t h t h e s e c t i o n s be x
x = Z1 / Zr ;
M =30*10^6;
sigmax = M /( Z1 *10^3) ;
printf ( Z1 / Zr i s %0 . 2 f
,x ) ;
printf ( \n s i g m a x i s %0 . 2 f N/mm2
, sigmax ) ;

23
1 // sum 318
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
4 //Tmax=F / ( I b ) [ B t ( d/2+ t / 2 ) +(bdd / 8 ) ] ;
5 //T1=F / ( I b ) [ B t ( d+t ) / 2 ] ;
6 // Tmean=T1+2/3(TmaxT1 ) ;
7 //T=TmaxTmean ;
8 //T=Fd 2 / ( 2 4 I ) ;
9 disp ( D i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n maximum and mean s h e a r
s t r e s s e s i n t h e web i s
,T=Fd 2 / ( 2 4 I ) ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
// sum 319
clc ;
clear ;
x1 =((13*3*1.5) +(2*15*8) ) /(39+30) ;
x2 =13 - x1 ;
A =30+39;
E =2*10^7;
Iyy =995.66;
e =54.32;
x = x2 -3;
sigb = e * x / Iyy ;
sigd =1/69;
sigr = sigd + sigb ;
// L e t t h e s t r a i n be E1
E1 =800*10^ -6;
P = E1 * E / sigr ;
P = P *10^ -3;
printf ( P i s %0 . 2 f kN
,P ) ;
24

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
// sum 320
clc ;
clear ;
H =20;
D =5;
d =3;
rho =21;
sigd = rho * H ;
p =2;
A=D*H;
P=p*A;
M = P * H /2;
Z = %pi *( D ^4 - d ^4) /(32* D ) ;
sigb = M / Z ;
sigmax =420+ sigb ;
sigmin =420 - sigb ;
printf ( s i g m a x i s %0 . 2 f kN/m2
, sigmax ) ;
printf ( \n s i g m i n i s %0 . 2 f kN/m2
, sigmin ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
// sum 321
clc ;
clear ;
D =30;
R =15;
T =0.56*10^6;
G =82*10^3;
25
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
J = %pi * R ^4/2;
T1 = T * R / J ;
l =1000;
theta = T * l /( G * J ) *180/ %pi ;
r =10;
Tr = T1 * r / R ;
printf ( T1 i s %0 . 2 f N/mm2
, T1 ) ;
printf ( \n t h e t a i s %0 . 2 f deg
, theta ) ;
printf ( \n Tr i s %0 . 2 f N/mm2
, Tr ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
// sum 322
clc ;
clear ;
T =8*10^3;
d =80;
D =110;
l =2000;
Gst =80*10^3;
Gcop = Gst /2;
Js = %pi * d ^4/32;
Jc = %pi *( D ^4 - d ^4) /32;
// Ts = 0 . 7 7 7 Tc
Tc = T /1.777*10^3;
Ts =0.777* Tc ;
Ts1 = Ts / Js * d /2;
Tc1 = Tc / Jc * D /2;
// L e t t l be A n g u l a r t w i s t p e r u n i t l e n g t h
tl = Ts *10^3/( Js * Gst ) *180/ %pi ;
// L e t t h e maximum s t r e s s d e v e l o p e d when t h e Torque
i s a c t i n g i n t h e c e n t r e o f t h e s h a f t be Ts2 & Tc2
r e s p . f o r s t e e l and c o p p e r
26
20 Ts2 = Ts1 /2;

21 Tc2 = Tc1 /2;
22
23
24
printf ( Ts1 i s %0 . 3 f N/mm2
, Ts1 ) ;
25
printf ( \n Tc1 i s %0 . 1 f N/mm2
, Tc1 ) ;
26
printf ( \n t h e t a / l e n g t h i s %0 . 3 f deg /m
, tl ) ;
27
printf ( \n Ts2 i s %0 . 3 f N/mm2
, Ts2 ) ;
28
printf ( \n Tc2 i s %0 . 2 f N/mm2
, Tc2 ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
// sum 323
clc ;
clear ;
D =100;
d =75;
r =6;
K =1.45;
P =20*746;
N =400;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
T=P/w;
Ts =16* T *10^3/( %pi * d ^3) ;
Tmax = K * Ts ;
printf ( Tmax i s %0 . 3 f MPa
, Tmax ) ;

1 // sum 324
2 clc ;
27
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
clear ;
G =84*10^3;
T =28*10^3;
l =1000;
theta = %pi /180;
J = T * l /( G * theta ) ;
d =( J *32/ %pi ) ^(1/4) ;
printf ( d i s %0 . 1 f mm
,d ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
// sum 325
clc ;
clear ;
P =2*10^6;
N =200;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
Tm = P / w ;
W =5*10^3*9.81;
l =1800;
Mmax = W * l /4;
Tmax =1.8* Tm *10^3;
Me =( Mmax + sqrt ( Mmax ^2+ Tmax ^2) ) /2;
Te = sqrt ( Mmax ^2+ Tmax ^2) ;
sig =60;
Ts =40;
d1 =(32* Me /( %pi * sig ) ) ^(1/3) ;
d2 =(16* Te /( %pi * Ts ) ) ^(1/3) ;
, d2 ) ;
28

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
// sum 326
clc ;
clear ;
Q =4*10^3;
P =8*10^3;
sig = P ;
T=Q;
p1 =( sig /2+ sqrt (( sig /2) ^2+ T ^2) ) ;
p2 =( sig /2 - sqrt (( sig /2) ^2+ T ^2) ) ;
sigyp =285;
FOS =3;
siga = sigyp /3;
A1 = p1 / siga ;
d1 = sqrt (4* A1 / %pi ) ;
A2 =( p1 - p2 ) *2/( siga *2) ;
d2 = sqrt (4* A2 / %pi ) ;
v =0.3;
A3 = sqrt ( p1 ^2+ p2 ^2 -(2* v * p1 * p2 ) ) / siga ;
d3 = sqrt (4* A3 / %pi ) ;
printf ( d1 i s %0 . 2 f mm
, d1 ) ;
printf ( \n d2 i s %0 . 1 f mm
, d2 ) ;
, d3 ) ;

1 // sum 327
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
29
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
sigx = -105;
Txy =105;
sigy =270;
p1 =( sigx /2+ sqrt (( sigx /2) ^2+ Txy ^2) ) ;
p2 =( sigx /2 - sqrt (( sigx /2) ^2+ Txy ^2) ) ;
p3 =0;
Tmax =( p1 - p2 ) /2;
siga = sigy /2;
if ( Tmax <= siga ) then
printf ( The component i s s a f e )
end
printf ( \n Tmax i s %0 . 1 f MPa
, Tmax ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
// sum 328
clc ;
clear ;
rho =0.0078*9.81*10^ -6;
sigc =150;
g =9.81;
V = sqrt ( sigc * g / rho ) *10^ -3;
R =1;
w=V/R;
N = w *60/(2* %pi ) ;
printf ( N i s %0 . 3 f rpm
,N ) ;

30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
// sum 329
clc ;
clear ;
R1 =50;
R2 =200;
N =6*10^3;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
v =0.28;
rho =7800*10^ -9;
g =9810;
k1 =(3+ v ) /8;
k2 =(1+(3* v ) ) /8;
W = rho *9.81;
x = k1 * w ^2* W *( R1 ^2+ R2 ^2) / g ;
y = k1 * w ^2* W *( R1 * R2 ) ^2/ g ;
y1 = k1 * w ^2* W / g ;
z = k2 * w ^2* W / g ;
r = sqrt ( R1 * R2 ) ;
sigrmax =x -( y / r ^2) -( r ^2* y1 ) ;
r =50:200
n = length ( r ) ;
for i =1: n
sigr ( i ) =x -( y / r ( i ) ^2) -( r ( i ) ^2* y1 )
end
for j =1: n
sigc ( j ) = x +( y / r ( j ) ^2) -( r ( j ) ^2* z )
end
plot (r , sigr ) ;
plot (r , sigc ) ;
xtitle ( , r mm ) ;
ylabel ( s t r e s s N/mm2 ) ;
xgrid (2) ;
printf ( s i g r m a x i s %0 . 1 f MPa , sigrmax ) ;
31
Figure 3.1: MS29

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
// sum 330
clc ;
clear ;
r =500;
to =15;
N =3500;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
sig =80;
32
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
w1 =0.07644*10^ -3;
g =9810;
a = w1 * w ^2* r ^2/(2* sig * g ) ;
t = to * exp ( - a ) ;
printf ( t i s %0 . 3 f mm ,t ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
// sum 331
clc ;
clear ;
M =60*10^3;
y1 =((5*1*2.5) +(6*1*5.5) ) /(5+6) ;
y2 =6 - y1 ;
R =12;
R1 =R - y2 ;
R1 =10.136
R2 =11.136;
R3 = R1 +6;
B =6;
b =1;
A =( B * b ) +(( B -1) * b ) ;
// L e t x= h 2/R2
x = R / A *(( B * log ( R2 / R1 ) ) +( b * log ( R3 / R2 ) ) ) -1;
x =1/ x ;
// L e t Maximum c o m p r e s s i v e s t r e s s a t B be s i g B
sigB = M /( A * R ) *(1+( x * y1 /( R + y1 ) ) ) *10^ -2;
// L e t Maximum t e n s i l e s t r e s s a t A be s i g A
sigA = M /( A * R ) *(( y2 * x /( R - y2 ) ) -1) *10^ -2;
printf ( s i g B i s %0 . 1 f MPa
, sigB ) ;
printf ( \n s i g A i s %0 . 0 f MPa
, sigA ) ;
33
26
// The a n s w e r t o R2/ h 2 i s c a l c u l a t e d i n c o r r e c t l y
i n t h e book .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
// sum 332
clc ;
clear ;
R1 =24;
R2 =30;
R3 =50;
R4 =54;
F =200;
y1 =((16*4*2) +(2*20*14*4) +(24*6*27) ) /((16*4) +(2*20*4)
+(24*6) ) ;
y2 =30 - y1 ;
R =24+ y2 ;
A =(24*6) +(2*4*20) +(4*16) ;
// L e t x= h 2/R2
x = R / A *((24* log ( R2 / R1 ) ) +(2*4* log ( R3 / R2 ) ) +(16* log ( R4 /
R3 ) ) ) -1;
x =1/ x ;
M = F *(60+ R ) ;
sigd = F / A ;
// L e t b e n d i n g s t r e s s a t a be s i g A
sigA = M /( A * R ) *(( y2 * x /( R - y2 ) ) -1) ;
// L e t b e n d i n g s t r e s s a t b be s i g B
sigB = M /( A * R ) *(1+( x * y1 /( R + y1 ) ) ) ;
// L e t r e s u l t a n t a t a be Ra
Ra =( sigA + sigd ) *10;
// L e t r e s u l t a n t a t b be Rb
Rb =( sigB - sigd ) *10;
printf ( Ra i s %0 . 2 f N/mm2
, Ra ) ;
printf ( \n Rb i s %0 . 2 f N/mm2
, Rb ) ;
34
29
30
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e a n s w e r s a r e due t o r o u n d i n g
off of values .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
// sum 333
clc ;
clear ;
F =50;
B1 =4;
B2 =8;
D =12;
y1 = D /3*( B1 +(2* B2 ) ) /( B1 + B2 ) ;
y2 =12 - y1 ;
R =6+ y2 ;
A =( B1 + B2 ) /2* D ;
// L e t x= h 2/R2
a =( B1 +(( B2 - B1 ) *( y1 + R ) / D ) ) * log (( R + y1 ) /( R - y2 ) )
x = R /( A ) *( a -( B2 - B1 ) ) ;
x =x -1;
x =1/ x ;
KG = y2 +8;
M = F * KG ;
sigd = F / A ;
// L e t b e n d i n g s t r e s s a t a be s i g A
sigA = M /( A * R ) *(1+( x * y1 /( R + y1 ) ) ) ;
// L e t b e n d i n g s t r e s s a t b be s i g B
sigB = M /( A * R ) *(( y2 * x /( R - y2 ) ) -1) ;
sigA =( sigA - sigd ) *10;
sigB =( sigB + sigd ) *10;
printf ( s i g A i s %0 . 2 f MPa
, sigA ) ;
printf ( \n s i g B i s %0 . 2 f MPa
, sigB ) ;
35
30
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e a n s w e r s a r e due t o
rounding o f f o f v a l u e s .
36
Chapter 4
MANUFACTURING
CONSIDERATIONS
Scilab code Exa 4.1 MF1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
// sum 41
clc ;
clear ;
d =70;
dmin =50;
dmax =80;
D = sqrt ( dmin * dmax ) ;
D =63;
i =0.458*( D ^(1/3) ) +(0.001* D ) ;
// s t a n d a r d t o l e r a n c e f o r H8 i s ST1
ST1 =25* i ;
ST1 = ST1 *10^ -3;
// s t a n d a r d t o l e r a n c e o f s h a f t f o r g r a d e g7 i s ST2
ST2 =16* i ;
ST2 = ST2 *10^ -3;
es = -(2.5*( D ^0.333) ) ;
es = es *10^ -3;
ei = es - ST2 ;
37
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
// Lower l i m i t f o r h o l e i s LLH
// Upper l i m i t f o r h o l e i s ULH
// Upper l i m i t f o r s h a f t i s ULS
// Lower l i m i t f o r s h a f t i s LLS
LLH = d ;
ULH = LLH + ST1 ;
ULS = LLH + es ;
LLS = ULS - ST2 ;
//Maximum c l e a r a n c e i s Cmax
// minimum c l e a r a n c e i s Cmin
Cmax = ULH - LLS ;
Cmin = LLH - ULS ;
printf ( LLH i s %0 . 1 f mm , LLH ) ;
printf ( \n ULH i s %0 . 3 f mm , ULH ) ;
printf ( \n ULS i s %0 . 2 f mm , ULS ) ;
printf ( \n LLS i s %0 . 2 f mm , LLS ) ;
printf ( \n Cmax i s %0 . 3 f mm , Cmax ) ;
printf ( \n Cmin i s %0 . 3 f mm , Cmin ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
// sum 42
clc ;
clear ;
d =25;
// Lower l i m i t
// Upper l i m i t
// Upper l i m i t
// Lower l i m i t
ULH = d +0.021;
LLH = d +0;
ULS = d +0.041;
LLS = d +0.028;
for
for
for
for
hole
hole
shaft
shaft
i s LLH
i s ULH
i s ULS
i s LLS
38
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
//Maximum i n t e r f e r e n c e i s Cmax
// minimum i n t e r f e r e n c e i s Cmin
Cmax = ULS - LLH ;
Cmin = LLS - ULH ;
printf ( Cmax i s %0 . 3 f mm , Cmax ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
// sum 43
clc ;
clear ;
d =50;
Es =0.039;
Ei =0;
es = -9*10^ -3;
ei = -34*10^ -3;
// S h a f t d i a i s D
D = d + es ;
// Lower l i m i t f o r h o l e
// Upper l i m i t f o r h o l e
// Upper l i m i t f o r s h a f t
// Lower l i m i t f o r s h a f t
ULH = d + Es ;
LLH = d + Ei ;
ULS = d + es ;
LLS = d + ei ;
//Maximum i n t e r f e r e n c e
// minimum i n t e r f e r e n c e
Cmax = ULH - LLS ;
Cmin = LLH - ULS ;
i s LLH
i s ULH
i s ULS
i s LLS
i s Cmax
i s Cmin
39
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
printf ( ULH i s %0 . 3 f mm , ULH ) ;

printf ( \n LLH i s %0 . 3 f mm , LLH ) ;
printf ( \n ULS i s %0 . 3 f mm , ULS ) ;
printf ( \n LLS i s %0 . 3 f mm , LLS ) ;
printf ( \n Cmax i s %0 . 3 f mm , Cmax ) ;
disp ( T h e r e f o r e , H8g7 i s e a s y r u n n i n g f i t ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
// sum 43
clc ;
clear ;
d =30;
Es =0.025;
Ei =0;
es =11*10^ -3;
ei = -5*10^ -3;
// S h a f t d i a i s D
D = d + es ;
// Lower l i m i t f o r h o l e
// Upper l i m i t f o r h o l e
// Upper l i m i t f o r s h a f t
// Lower l i m i t f o r s h a f t
ULH = d + Es ;
LLH = d + Ei ;
ULS = d + es ;
LLS = d + ei ;
//Maximum i n t e r f e r e n c e
// minimum i n t e r f e r e n c e
Cmax = ULH - LLS ;
Cmin = ULS - LLH ;;
i s LLH
i s ULH
i s ULS
i s LLS
i s Cmax
i s Cmin
printf ( ULH i s %0 . 3 f mm , ULH ) ;
40
26
27
28
29
30
printf ( \n
printf ( \n
printf ( \n
printf ( \n
printf ( \n
LLH i s %0 . 3 f
ULS i s %0 . 3 f
LLS i s %0 . 3 f
Cmax i s %0 . 3
Cmin i s %0 . 3
mm , LLH ) ;
mm , ULS ) ;
mm , LLS ) ;
f mm , Cmax ) ;
f mm , Cmin ) ;
41
Chapter 5
INTRODUCTION TO
PRESSURE VESSELS
Scilab code Exa 5.1 IPV5 1

// sum 51
clc ;
clear ;
p =2;
Rm =220;
// t e n s i l e hoop o r c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l s t r e s s = s i g t
sigr = -2;
// s i g t =(pRm) / t ;
Sa =230/2;
// t 1=t h i c k n e s s a c c o r d i n g t o maximum p r i n c i p a l s t r e s s
theory
11 // t 2=t h i c k n e s s a c c o r d i n g t o maximum s h e a r s t r e s s
theory
12 t1 =( p * Rm ) / Sa ;
13 t2 =( p * Rm ) /( Sa + sigr ) ;
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
14
15
16
17
printf ( t 1 i s %0 . 2 f mm , t1 ) ;
printf ( \n t 2 i s %0 . 3 f mm , t2 ) ;
42

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
// sum 52
clc ;
clear ;
// E l a s t i c l i m i t = s i g e
sige =310;
// i n s i d e d i a m e t e r=d i
di =300;
p =1.8;
FOS =2;
// d e s i g n s t r e s s =s i g d ;
sigd = sige /2;
c =0.162;
d =380;
// c o v e r p l a t e t h i c k n e s s=t ;
t = d * sqrt ( c * p / sigd ) ;
t =17;
M = di * p * t /4;
z =(1/6) *1* t ^2;
// b e n d i n g s t r e s s =s i g b ;
sigb = M / z ;
printf ( t i s %0 . 1 fmm ,t ) ;
printf ( \n M i s %0 . 1 fmm ,M ) ;
printf ( \n s i g b i s %0 . 1 fmm , sigb ) ;
if ( sigb <= sigd ) then
disp ( s i g b i s b e l o w a l l o w a b l e s i g d . )
end
43

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
// sum 53
clc ;
clear ;
sige =220;
v =0.29;
Ri =175;
FOS =3;
Sa = sige /3;
p =10;
// t 1=t h i c k n e s s a c c o r d i n g t o maximum p r i n c i p a l s t r e s s
theory
// t 2=t h i c k n e s s a c c o r d i n g t o maximum s h e a r s t r e s s
theory
x = Sa +( p *(1 -(2* v ) ) ) ;
y = Sa -( p *(1+ v ) ) ;
t1 =( sqrt ( x / y ) -1) * Ri ;
t1 =24;
// t 1 =(( s q r t ( ( Sa+(p (1 (2 v ) ) ) ) ) / ( Sa (p (1+ v ) ) ) ) 1)
Ri ;
t2 = Ri *(( sqrt ( Sa /( Sa -(2* p ) ) ) ) -1) ;
printf ( t 1 i s %0 . 1 fmm , t1 ) ;
printf ( \n t 2 i s %0 . 3 fmm , t2 ) ;
// The a n s w e r t o t 2 i s n o t c a l c u l a t e d i n t h e book .

1 // sum 54
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
4 p =16;
44
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Ri =250;
// Y i e l d s t r e n g t h =s i g y ;
sigy =330;
v =0.3;
FOS =3;
Sa = sigy /3;
t = Ri *(( sqrt ( Sa /( Sa -(2* p ) ) ) ) -1) ;
t =50;
printf ( t i s %0 . 1 fmm ,t ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
// sum 55
clc ;
clear ;
d =15;
Eg =480;
t =3;
// f l a n g e t h i c k n e s s= f t ;
ft =12;
A = %pi * d ^2/4;
l = d + t +( ft /2) ;
E =210;
kb = A * E / l ;
// e f f e c t i v e a r e a o f g a s k e t=Ag ;
Ag = %pi *((( ft + t + d ) ^2) -( d ^2) ) /4;
kg = Ag * Eg / t ;
printf ( kb i s %0 . 3 f N/mm , kb ) ;
kb = kb *10^ -3;
kg = kg *10^ -3;
if ( kb <= kg ) then
printf ( \n The c o m b i n e s s t i f f n e s s o f b o l t and
g a s k e t i s %0 . 3 f kN/mm , kg )
45
22 end
23
24 // The d i f f e r e n c e
i n t h e v a l u e o f kb i s due t o
rounding o f f the value o f A
46
Chapter 6
LEVERS
Scilab code Exa 6.1 L1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
// sum 61
clc ;
clear ;
del =10;
k =500;
W = k * del ;
// L e t l o a d arm be l 1
l1 =200;
// L e t e f f o r t arm be l 2
l2 =500;
P = W * l1 / l2 ;
Ro = sqrt ( W ^2+ P ^2) ;
Ta =40;
d = sqrt ( Ro *4/(2* %pi * Ta ) ) ;
d =10;
pb =10;
d1 = sqrt ( Ro /( pb *1.5) ) ;
d1 =20;
l =1.5* d ;
t =10;
T = Ro *4/(2* %pi * d1 ^2) ;
47
22 M =( Ro /2*( l /2+ t /3) ) -( Ro /2* l /4) ;

23 sigb =32* M /( %pi * d1 ^3) ;
24 sigmax =( sigb /2) + sqrt (( sigb /2) ^2+ T ^2) ;
25 P = Ro /( l * d1 ) ;
26 D =2* d1 ;
27
28
29
, d1 ) ;
30
printf ( \n D i s %0 . 1 f mm
,D ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
// sum 62
clc ;
clear ;
d1 =80;
p =0.981;
Ta =40;
siga =80;
pa =15;
W = %pi *( d1 ^2) * p /4;
P = W /8;
Ws =W - P ;
d = sqrt ( W *4/( %pi *2* Ta ) ) ;
l =1.5* d ;
D =2* d ;
T = W /(2* %pi * pa ^2/4) ;
M1 = P *(700 -87.5 -( D /2) ) ;
h =50;
b = h /4;
Z = b * h ^2/6;
sigb = M1 / Z ;
pmax =80;
T =2465.6/ h ^2;
pmax =( sigb /2) + sqrt (( sigb /2) ^2+ T ^2) ;
48
24
25
26
27
28
29
printf ( h i s %0 . 2 f mm
,h ) ;
printf ( \n pmax i s %0 . 2 f MPa
, pmax ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e o f pmax i s due t o
rounding o f f the d i g i t s .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
// sum 63
clc ;
clear ;
P =((4*360) +(2*360) ) /900;
Fv =4 -2;
Fh = P ;
Fr = sqrt ( Fv ^2+ Fh ^2) ;
P1 =4*0.36/0.9;
Rf = sqrt (4^2+1.6^2) ;
d = sqrt ( Rf *10^3/(15*1.25) ) ;
d =16;
l =1.25* d ;
T = Rf *10^3*4/(2* %pi * d ^2) ;
D =2* d ;
M1 = Rf *10^3*(360 -( D /2) ) ;
pa =15;
h =80;
b = h /4;
Z = b * h ^2/6;
sigb = M1 / Z ;
T =4310/( b * h ) ;
pmax =( sigb /2) + sqrt (( sigb /2) ^2+ T ^2) ;
printf ( P i s %0 . 1 f KN
,P ) ;
49
26
printf ( \n pmax i s %0 . 2 f MPa
, pmax ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
// sum 64
clc ;
clear ;
l =360;
P =400;
Mh =2* P * l /3;
sigb =50;
l1 =60;
d =( Mh *32/( %pi * l1 ) ) ^(1/3) ;
d =30;
L =420;
siga =60;
H =20;
B = H /3;
Mx = P *( L - H /2) ;
Tx =2* P * l /3;
sigb1 = Mx *18/ H ^3;
Td = P /( B * H ) ;
Tr =17.17* Tx / H ^4;
T = Tr + Td ;
sigmax =( sigb1 /2) + sqrt (( sigb1 /2) ^2+ T ^2) ;
Tmax = sqrt (( sigb1 /2) ^2+ T ^2) ;
T=P*L;
M = P *( l1 +(2/3* l ) ) ;
Te = sqrt ( T ^2+ M ^2) ;
Ta =40;
D =( Te *16/( %pi * Ta ) ) ^(1/3) ;
D =30; // Rounding o f f t o n e a r e s t w h o l e number
,d ) ;
50
32
,D ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
// sum 65
clc ;
clear ;
l2 =300;
l =450;
P =400;
Mx =2* P * l2 /3;
siga =80;
dh =( Mx *32/( %pi * siga ) ) ^(1/3) ;
dh =22;
L =(2* l2 /3) + l ;
T=P*L;
Ta =40;
d =( T *16/( %pi * Ta ) ) ^(1/3) ;
d =35;
d1 =1.6* d ;
Th = T *16* d1 /( %pi *( d1 ^4 - d ^4) ) ;
l1 =1.5* d ;
My = P *( L -( d1 /2) ) ;
B = dh ;
H = sqrt (3.66*75) ;
H =30;
Mz = P * l1 /2;
Te = sqrt ( T ^2+ Mz ^2) ;
d2 =( Te *16/( %pi * Ta ) ) ^(1/3) ;
d2 =32;
b = d /4;
b =9; // Rounding o f f t o n e a r e s t w h o l e number
t = d /6;
t =6; // Rounding o f f t o n e a r e s t w h o l e number
51
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
,d ) ;
printf ( \n dh i s %0 . 1 f mm
, dh ) ;
, d1 ) ;
printf ( \n l 1 i s %0 . 1 f mm
, l1 ) ;
, d2 ) ;
printf ( \n b i s %0 . 1 f mm
,b ) ;
printf ( \n t
i s %0 . 1 f mm
,t ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
// sum 66
clc ;
clear ;
L =450;
P =700;
T=P*L;
Ta =50;
d =( T *16/( %pi * Ta ) ) ^(1/3) ;
d =32;
d1 =1.6* d ;
d1 =52; // Rounding o f f t o n e a r e s t w h o l e number
l1 =1.25* d ;
My = P *( L - d1 /2) ;
sigb =65;
H =( My *18/ sigb ) ^(1/3) ;
H =45;
B = H /3;
T1 = P /( B * H ) ;
sigmax =( sigb /2) + sqrt (( sigb /2) ^2+ T ^2) ;
Mx = P * l1 /2;
Te = sqrt (( T ) ^2+( Mx ^2) ) ;
d2 =( Te *16/( %pi * Ta ) ) ^(1/3) ;
d2 = d2 +6;
d2 =38; // Rounding o f f t o n e a r e s t w h o l e number
52
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
,d ) ;
, d1 ) ;
, l1 ) ;
printf ( \n B i s %0 . 1 f mm
,B ) ;
printf ( \n H i s %0 . 1 f mm
,H ) ;
, d2 ) ;
53
Chapter 7
STRUTS AND COLUMNS
Scilab code Exa 7.1 SC1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
// sum 71
clc ;
clear ;
sigc =550;
FOS =4;
sigw = sigc / FOS ;
l =4000;
le = l /2;
A = %pi *(1 -0.7^2) /4;
K =(1+0.7^2) /16;
Pr =800*10^3;
a =1/1600;
D =130; // Rounding o f f t o n e a r e s t w h o l e number
d = D *0.7;
printf ( D i s %0 . 1 f mm
,D ) ;
printf ( \n d i s %0 . 1 f mm
,d ) ;
54

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
// sum 72
clc ;
clear ;
l =500;
E =70*10^3;
P =20*10^3;
FOS =2;
d = P *2*12*4* l ^2/(( %pi ) ^2* E ) ;
d =( sqrt (8) * d ) ^0.25;
b = d / sqrt (8) ;
,d ) ;
,b ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
// sum 73
clc ;
clear ;
Ixx =(2*1696.6) +115.4;
Iyy =1696.6+(2*115.4) +(2*25.27*10.27^2) ;
A =3*25.27;
Kmin = sqrt ( Ixx /75.81) ;
L =600;
k = L / Kmin ;
sigc =110;
c =1/200;
sigw = sigc *(1 -( c * k ) ) ;
Pw = sigw * A ;
a =1/7500;
sigc1 =320;
Pr =( sigc1 * A ) /(1+( a *( L / Kmin ) ^2) ) ;
55
17 FOS = Pr / Pw ;
18
19
20
printf ( FOS i s %0 . 2 f
, FOS ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
// sum 74
clc ;
clear ;
Iyy =193.4+(2*1.2*1.5^3/12) ;
E =200*10^3;
l =500;
Pe =( %pi ^2) * E * Iyy *10^5/( l ^2) ;
A =35.53+(2*1.2*15) ;
sige = Pe /7530;
k = sqrt ( Iyy / A ) ;
xc =75;
sig =80;
sigo =20.875;
A = A *100;
P = sigo * A ;
P = P *10^ -3;
,P ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e o f P i s due t o
rounding o f f the d i g i t s .

1
// sum 75
56
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
clc ;
clear ;
sigc =330;
a =1/7500;
t =4;
A =14.5* t ^2;
l =300;
Kx = sqrt (1.4626* t ^2) ;
Pr = sigc * A /(1+( a *( l / Kx ) ^2) ) ;
FOS =2;
P = Pr / FOS *10^ -3;
,P ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
// sum 76
clc ;
clear ;
P =1500;
FOS =2;
Pd = FOS * P ;
l =280;
E =207*10^3;
I = Pd * l ^2/( %pi ^2* E ) ;
D =(64* I /( %pi *(1 -0.8^4) ) ) ^(1/4) ;
D =8;
d =6.4;
,D ) ;
,d ) ;
57

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
// sum 77
clc ;
clear ;
D =500;
p =0.3;
E =208*10^3;
sigc =320;
a =1/7500;
l =2000;
le = l /2;
W = %pi * D ^2* p /4;
FOS =4;
Wd = W * FOS ;
I = Wd * l ^2/( %pi ^2* E ) ;
d =(64* I / %pi ) ^(1/4) ;
A = %pi * d ^2/4;
k = d /4;
d =45; // Rounding o f f t o n e a r e s t w h o l e number
,d ) ;
58
Chapter 8
SPRINGS
Scilab code Exa 8.1 S8 1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
// sum 81
clc ;
clear ;
d =5;
D =30;
G =84*(10^3) ;
Na =15;
// A x i a l Load W
W =300;
// S p r i n g i n d e x C
C =30/5;
// S h e a r s t r e s s Augmentation f a c t o r Ks
Ks =((2* C ) +1) /(2* C ) ;
// Wahl s f a c t o r Kw
Kw =(((4* C ) -1) /((4* C ) -4) ) +(0.615/ C ) ;
// C u r v a t u r e c o r r e c t i o n f a c t o r Kc
Kc = Kw / Ks ;
// S p r i n g s t i f f n e s s k
k =( G *( d ^4) ) /(8*( D ^3) * Na ) ;
// A x i a l d e f l e c t i o n d e l t a
delta = W / k ;
59
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
printf ( Ks i s %0 . 4 f , Ks ) ;
printf ( \n Kw i s %0 . 4 f , Kw ) ;
printf ( \n Kc i s %0 . 3 f , Kc ) ;
printf ( \n The S p r i n g S t i f f n e s s i s %0 . 1 f N/mm ,k ) ;
printf ( \n The A x i a l d e f l e c t i o n i s %0 . 3 f mm , delta ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
// sum 82
clc ;
clear ;
W =196.2;
lenthofscale =50;
k =196.2/50;
C =8;
Ks =(1+(0.5/ C ) ) ;
// L e t u s c h o o s e o i l t e m p e r e d w i r e 0 . 6 0 . 7 %C. R e f e r
t o T a b l e 84 f o r c o n s t a n t s A and m, r e l a t i n g
strength wire
// d i a m e t e r .
G =77.2*(10^3) ;
A =1855;
m =0.187;
// e q u a t i n g Tmax=0.5 s i g ( u t ) .
// Ks ( 8 WD/ ( p i ( d 3 ) ) ) =0.5A/ ( d 2 )
d1 =( Ks *(8* W * C /( %pi * A *0.5) ) ) ;
d = d1 ^(1/1.813) ;
D=C*d;
Na = G *( d ^4) /(8*( D ^3) * k ) ;
// S o l i d l e n g t h = SL
SL =( Na -1) * d
60
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
printf ( w i r e d i a m e t e r i s %0 . 3 f mm ,d ) ;
printf ( \n mean d i a m e t e r i s %0 . 3 f mm ,D ) ;
printf ( \n Number o f a c t i n g c o i l s a r e %0 . 3 f , Na ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e s o f d , D and Na i s due
to rounding o f f the d i g i t s .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
// sum 83
clc ;
clear ;
d =1.626;
A =2211;
m =0.145;
rm =3;
ri =( rm -( d /2) ) ;
sigma = A /( d ^ m ) ;
W =( sigma * %pi *( d ^3) * ri ) /(32*( rm ^2) ) ;
printf ( U l t i m a t e t e n s i l e S t r e n g t h i s %0 . 1 f MPa ,
sigma ) ;
14 printf ( \n F o r c e a t which t h e s p r i n g hook f a i l s i s
%0 . 1 f N ,W ) ;
15
16
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e s o f s i g m a and W i s due

to rounding o f f the d i g i t s .

61
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
// sum 84
clc ;
clear ;
Do =25;
// mean c o i l d i a m e t e r D=25d
W =150;
T =800;
G =81000;
// S u b s t i t u t i n g v a l u e s i n e q u a t i o n T=8WD/ ( %pi ( d
3) )
// t h e r e f o r e , t h e e q u a t i o n becomes d 3 + 0 . 4 7 7 d =
11.936
// c o n s i d e r d =2.2mm, ( d can be t a k e n b e t w e e n 2 . 2 2 . 3
mm)
d =2.337; // ( n e a r e s t a v a i l a b l e w i r e g a u g e )
C =9.5;
D =22.2;
Do = D + d ;
Ks =1+(0.5/ C ) ;
Tmax = Ks *8* W * D /( %pi *( d ^3) ) ;
// c h e c k f o r s a f e t y Tmax<T ;
Lo =100;
Ls =40;
// Lo=Ls+d e l t a + 0.1 5 d e l t a
delta =( Lo - Ls ) /1.15;
delta =50;
k =150/50;
Na =( G * d ^4) /(8*( D ^3) * k ) ;
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27 N = Na +2;
28 Ls = N * d ;
29 Lo = Ls +(1.15* delta ) ;
30
31
32
printf ( d i s %0 . 3 fmm ,d ) ;
33
printf ( \n D i s %0 . 2 f mm ,D ) ;
34
printf ( \n Ls i s %0 . 2 f mm , Ls ) ;
35
printf ( \n Lo i s %0 . 2 f mm , Lo ) ;
62
36
37
if ( Do <=25)
disp ( The d i a m e t e r i s w i t h i n s p a c e c o n s t r a i n t s
);
38 end

1
2
3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
// sum 85A
clc ;
clear ;
Di =15;
Do =20;
d =2.3;
D =17.5;
C=D/d;
Ks =1+(0.5/ C ) ;
Wmax =100;
Tmax = Ks *8* Wmax * D /( %pi *( d ^3) ) ;
G =81000;
delmax =67.7/2.366;
k =100/28;
Na = G *( d ^4) /(8* k *( D ^3) ) ;
Ls = Na +1; // ( f o r p l a i n e n d s )
delmax =28;
//TL= t o t a l w o r k i n g l e n g t h
TL = Ls + delmax +(0.15* delmax ) ;
printf ( d i s %0 . 1 fmm ,d ) ;
printf ( \n C i s %0 . 1 f ,C ) ;
printf ( \n Na i s %0 . 1 f , Na ) ;

63
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
// sum 86
clc ;
clear ;
// 18 SWG= 1 . 2 1 9MM i n d i a
d =1.219;
E =198.6*10^3;
G =80.7*10^3;
m =0.19;
A =1783;
sig = A /( d ^ m ) ;
Tys =(0.4* sig ) ;
Do =12.5;
D = Do - d ;
C=D/d;
Ks =((2* C ) +1) /(2* C ) ;
W =( Tys * %pi *( d ^3) ) /(8* D * Ks ) ;
Nt =13.5;
Na = Nt -2;
del =(8* W *( D ^3) * Na ) /( G *( d ^4) ) ;
Ls =( Nt -1) * d ;
Lo = Ls + del +(0.15* del ) ;
printf ( Tys i s %0 . 1 f MPa , Tys ) ;
printf ( \n W i s %0 . 1 f N ,W ) ;
printf ( \n d e l i s %0 . 3 f mm , del ) ;
// Answers i n t h e book f o r T o r s i o n a l y e i l d s t r e n g t h
have b e e n rounded o f f t o t h e n e a r e s t w h o l e
number .
64
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6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
// sum 87
clc ;
clear ;
d =1.016;
A =2211;
m =0.145;
G =81000;
Nt =16;
Na =16 -2;
sig = A /( d ^ m ) ;
Tys =0.45* sig ;
Do =12.6;
D = Do - d ;
C=D/d;
Ks =1+(0.5/ C ) ;
W =( Tys * %pi *( d ^3) ) /(8* D * Ks ) ;
k =( G *( d ^4) ) /(8*( D ^3) * Na ) ;
del = W / k ;
Ls =( Nt -1) * d ;
Lo = Ls +(1.15* del ) ;
printf ( Tys i s %0 . 1 f MPa , Tys ) ;
printf ( \n Do i s %0 . 1 f N , Do ) ;
printf ( \n W i s %0 . 1 f N ,W ) ;
printf ( \n k i s %0 . 3 f N ,k ) ;
if (( Lo / D ) >=5.26)
disp ( The s p r i n g w i l l
end
f a i l under b u c k l i n g );
// V a l u e s a f t e r t h e d e c i m a l p o i n t h a s n o t b e e n
c o n s i d e r e d f o r answer o f T o r s i o n a l y e i l d s t r e n g t h
i n t h e book , w h e r e a s a n s w e r s f o r d e f l e c t i o n and
65
f r e e l e n g t h i s d i f f e r e n t a s e n t i r e v a l u e o f
v a r i a b l e s i s taken f o r c a l c u l a t i o n in the code .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
// sum 88
clc ;
clear ;
d =2;
Do =20;
D = Do - d ;
C=D/d;
Na =9;
// M a t e r i a l h a r d drawn s p r i n g s t e e l
A =1783;
m =0.19;
G =81000;
sig = A /( d ^ m ) ;
Tys =0.45* sig
Kf =1.5;
Ta = Tys / Kf ;
Ks =1+(0.5/ C ) ;
W =( Ta * %pi *( d ^3) ) /(8* D * Ks ) ;
k =( G *( d ^4) ) /(8*( D ^3) * Na ) ;
del = W / k ;
Lo =(( Na +1) * d ) +(1.15* del ) ;
p =( Lo - d ) / Na ;
printf ( k i s %0 . 3 f N/mm ,k ) ;
printf ( \n W i s %0 . 1 f N ,W ) ;
printf ( \n p i s %0 . 3 f mm ,p ) ;
66
31
if (( Lo ) >=47.34)
32
disp ( The s p r i n g w i l l f a i l u n d e r b u c k l i n g ) ;
33 end
34
35 // The a n s w e r f o r v a l u e o f s p r i n g r a t e k i s
m i s p r i n t e d i n t h e book . Due t o t h i s a l l
s u b s e q u e n t v a l u e s o f d e l , Lo , p i s c a l u c a t e d
i n c o r r e c t l y i n t h e book .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
// sum 89
clc ;
clear ;
// f o r m u s i c w i r e
d1 =11.5;
A =2211;
d =1.5;
m =0.145;
sigut = A /( d ^ m ) ;
sigy =0.78* sigut ;
Do =16;
E =2*(10^5) ;
Nb =4.25;
D = Do - d ;
C=D/d;
Ki =((4*( C ^2) ) -C -1) /(4* C *( C -1) ) ;
Mmax =( sigy * %pi *( d ^3) ) /(32* Ki ) ;
kc =(( d ^4) * E ) /(10.8* D * Nb ) ;
theta3 = Mmax / kc ;
l1 =20;
l2 =20;
Ne =( l1 + l2 ) /(3* %pi * D ) ;
Na = Nb + Ne ;
k =(( d ^4) * E ) /(10.8* Na * D ) ;
67
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
thetat = Mmax /k ;
ke =(3* %pi *( d ^4) * E ) /(10.8*( l1 + l2 ) ) ;
// a n g d i s p=t h e t a 1+t h e t a 2=Mmax/ ke ;
angdisp = Mmax / ke ;
//D1 i s f i n a l c o i l d i a m e t e r
D1 =( Nb * D ) /( Nb + theta3 ) ;
// IRC= I n i t i a l r a d i a l c l e a r a n c e
IRC =(( D - d ) - d1 ) /2;
//FRC=F i n a l r a d i a l c l e a r a n c e
FRC =(( D1 - d ) - d1 ) /2;
printf ( Maximum Torque i s %0 . 2 f Nmm , Mmax ) ;
printf ( \n t h e t a 3 i s %0 . 3 f t u r n s , theta3 ) ;
printf ( \n Ne i s %0 . 3 f t u r n s , Ne ) ;
printf ( \n ke i s %0 . 1 f N/mm , ke ) ;
printf ( \n t h e t a 1+t h e t a 2 i s %0 . 4 f t u r n s , angdisp ) ;
printf ( \n D1 i s %0 . 2 f mm , D1 ) ;
printf ( \n IRC i s %0 . 2 f mm , IRC ) ;
printf ( \n FRC i s %0 . 2 f mm , FRC ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
// sum 810
clc ;
clear ;
A =1783;
m =0.190;
d =1.5;
D =15;
M =300;
E =20800;
k =30;
// s i g u l t = u l t i m a t e s t r e n g t h o f t h e m a t e r i a l
68
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
// s i g y= y i e l d s t r e n g t h o f t h e m a t e r i a l
sigult = A /( d ^ m ) ;
sigy =0.7* sigult ;
// s i g a= a l l o w a b l e y i e l d s t r e n g t h o f t h e m a t e r i a l
siga = sigy /2;
C=D/d;
Ki =(4*( C ^2) -C -1) /(4* C *( C -1) ) ;
Z = %pi *( d ^3) /32;
// s i g b=b e n d i n g s t r e n g t h o f t h e m a t e r i a l ;
sigb = Ki * M / Z ;
while ( sigb >= siga )
d = d +0.15;
D =15;
C=D/d;
sigult = A /( d ^ m ) ;
sigy =0.7* sigult ;
siga = sigy /2;
Ki =(4*( C ^2) -C -1) /(4* C *( C -1) ) ;
Z = %pi *( d ^3) /32;
sigb = Ki * M / Z ;
end
d =2; // r o u n d i n g o f f t h e v a l u e o f t h e d i a m e t e r .
D;
Na =( d ^4) * E /(64* D * k ) ;
printf ( d i s %0 . 1 f mm ,d ) ;
printf ( \n D i s %0 . 1 f mm ,D ) ;
printf ( \n Na i s %0 . 2 f mm , Na ) ;

1 // sum 811
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
69
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
L =1180;
W =40*(10^3) ;
Nf =2;
Ng =8;
E =207*(10^3) ;
// s i g u t i s u l t i m a t e s t r e n g t h
sigut =1400;
FOS =2;
// s i g a= a l l o w a b l e y i e l d s t r e n g t h o f t h e m a t e r i a l
siga =1400/2;
// s i g b f =b e n d i n g s t r e n g t h i n f u l l l e n g t h
sigbf =700;
b =75;
t =((4.5* W * L ) /(((3* Nf ) +(2* Ng ) ) * sigbf ) ) ^(0.5) ;
t =14;
I =( Nf * b *( t ^3) ) /12;
Wf =(3* Nf * W ) /((3* Nf ) +(2* Ng ) ) ;
del =( Wf *( L ^3) ) /(48* E * I ) ;
printf ( t i s %0 . 0 f mm ,t ) ;
printf ( \n Wf i s %0 . 0 f N , Wf ) ;
printf ( \n I i s %0 . 0 f mm4 ,I ) ;
Scilab code Exa 8.12 S8 12A

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
// sum 812A
clc ;
clear ;
W =80000;
sigbfr =500;
L =1100;
Nf =3;
70
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Ng =10;
N = Nf + Ng ;
t =((1.5* W * L ) /( N *6* sigbfr ) ) ^(1/3) ;
t =15;
b =6* t ;
E =207*10^3;
deli =( W *( L ^3) ) /(8* E * N * b *( t ^3) ) ;
Wi =( W * Nf * Ng ) /( N *((3* Nf ) +(2* Ng ) ) ) ;
printf ( t i s %0 . 1 f mm ,t ) ;
printf ( \n d e l i i s %0 . 1 f mm , deli ) ;
printf ( \n Wi i s %0 . 0 f N , Wi ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
// sum 813
clc ;
clear ;
// u l t i m a t e s t r e n g t h=s i g u t
sigut =1500;
C =7;
d =3;
D=C*d;
Ks =1+(0.5/ C ) ;
Kw =(((4* C ) -1) /((4* C ) -4) ) +(0.615/ C ) ;
Pmax =120;
Pmin =40;
Pm =80;
Tm =( Ks *8* Pm * D ) /( %pi *( d ^3) ) ;
Ta =( Kw *8* Pmin * D ) /( %pi *( d ^3) ) ;
Tse =0.22* sigut ;
Tys =0.45* sigut ;
x =( Tys -(0.5* Tse ) ) /(0.5* Tse ) ;
71
19 y =(( x ) * Ta ) + Tm ;
20 FOS =( Tys / y ) ;
21
22
23
printf ( Tm i s %0 . 2 f MPa , Tm ) ;
24
printf ( \n Ta i s %0 . 1 f MPa , Ta ) ;
25
printf ( \n FOS i s %0 . 3 f , FOS ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
// sum 814
clc ;
clear ;
Tse =360;
Tys =660;
d =25;
P =0.03;
m =40;
Pmin =(( %pi *( d ^2) * P ) /4) +( m *9.81/1000) ;
k =6;
// A d d i t i o n a l l o a d= Padd=k f u r t h e r c o m p r e s s i o n i n
spring
Padd = k *10;
Pmax = Padd + Pmin ;
Pm =( Pmax + Pmin ) /2;
Pa =( Pmax - Pmin ) /2;
d =2;
D =12;
C =6;
Ks =1+(0.5/ C ) ;
Ks =1.083;
Kw =(((4* C ) -1) /((4* C ) -4) ) +(0.615/ C ) ;
Ta =( Kw *8* Pa * D ) /( %pi *( d ^3) ) ;
Tm =( Ks *8* Pm * D ) /( %pi *( d ^3) ) ;
x =( Tys -(0.5* Tse ) ) /(0.5* Tse ) ;
72
25 y =(( x ) * Ta ) + Tm ;
26 FOS =( Tys / y ) ;
27
28
29
printf ( Tm i s %0 . 2 f MPa , Tm ) ;
30
printf ( \n Ta i s %0 . 3 f MPa , Ta ) ;
31
printf ( \n FOS i s %0 . 2 f , FOS ) ;
73
Chapter 9
THREADED FASTENERS
Scilab code Exa 9.1 TF1

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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
// sum 91
clc ;
clear ;
p1 =2;
d =16;
dt1 =d -(0.93825* p1 ) ;
At1 = %pi * dt1 ^2/4;
p2 =1.5;
d =16;
dt2 =d -(0.93825* p2 ) ;
At2 = %pi * dt2 ^2/4;
printf ( At1 i s %0 . 1 f mm2
, At1 ) ;
printf ( \n At2 i s %0 . 1 f mm2
, At2 ) ;
74
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
// sum 92
clc ;
clear ;
W =20*10^3;
n =4;
// L e t t h e l o a d on e a c h b o l t be W1
W1 = W / n ;
At = W1 /80;
printf ( At i s %0 . 1 f mm2
, At ) ;

// sum 93
clc ;
clear ;
d =18;
p =2.5;
dr =d -(1.2268* p ) ;
dm =( d + dr ) /2;
alpha = atan ( p /( %pi * dm ) ) ;
theta = %pi *30/180;
u1 =0.15;
u2 =0.13;
x =( tan ( alpha ) +( u1 / cos ( theta ) ) ) /(1 -( tan ( alpha ) * u1 / cos
( theta ) ) ) ;
13 K = dm * x /(2* d ) +(0.625* u2 ) ;
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
printf ( K i s %0 . 5 f
,K ) ;

75
1
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
// sum 94
clc ;
clear ;
d =20;
t =4;
Lg =84;
Ad = %pi * d ^2/4;
Eb =205*10^3;
Ed =105*10^3;
kb = Ad * Eb / Lg ;
lg =80;
x =5*( lg +(0.5* d ) ) /( lg +(2.5* d ) ) ;
kp = %pi * Ed * d /(2* log ( x ) ) ;
At =245;
sigb =105;
Pe =20*10^3;
Pb = Pe * kb /( kb + kp ) ;
sigad = Pb / At ;
finalst = sigb + sigad ;
printf ( f i n a l s t r e s s i s %0 . 2 f N/mm2
finalst ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
// sum 95
clc ;
clear ;
Eb =207*10^3;
Ec =105*10^3;
sigp =650;
At =115;
Pi =0.75* sigp * At ;
F = sigp * At ;
76
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
// L e t t h e a d d i t i o n a l l o a d Fadd
Padd =F - Pi ;
d =14;
Ad = %pi * d ^2/4;
Lg =63;
kb = Ad * Eb / Lg ;
lg =60;
x =5*( lg +(0.5* d ) ) /( lg +(2.5* d ) ) ;
km = %pi * Ec * d /(2* log ( x ) ) ;
C = kb /( kb + km ) ;
Pe = Padd / C ;
K =0.2;
Ti = Pi * K * d *10^ -3;
printf ( Ti i s %0 . 2 f Nm
, Ti ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
// sum 96
clc ;
clear ;
d =20;
sigp =600;
At =245;
Pi =120*10^3;
Pe =30*10^3;
C =0.35;
Pb = C * Pe ;
P = Pi + Pb ;
sigi = Pi / At ;
sigf = P / At ;
K =0.18;
T = K * d * Pi *10^ -3;
E1 = sigi / sigp ;
77
17 E2 = sigf / sigp ;
18
19
20
printf ( s i g i i s %0 . 1 f MPa
, sigi ) ;
21
printf ( \n s i g i i s %0 . 2 f MPa
, sigf ) ;
22
printf ( \n T i s %0 . 0 f Nm
,T ) ;
23
printf ( \n E1 i s %0 . 3 f
, E1 ) ;
24
printf ( \n E2 i s %0 . 3 f
, E2 ) ;
25
26
// V a l u e u p t o t e n t h t h p l a c e i s c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e
book f o r v a l u e o f f i n a l
s t r e s s in bolt ,
sigf

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
// sum 97
// The sum s e q u e n c e i s numbered i n c o r r e c t l y i n t h e
book , from t h i s sum ownwards .
clc ;
clear ;
p =2;
d =16;
dt =d -(0.938* p ) ;
At = %pi * dt ^2/4;
r =60* sqrt (2) ;
Td =1/(4* At ) ;
Ta =120;
T =8.722*10^ -3;
P = Ta / T *10^ -3;
,P ) ;
// V a l u e u p t o h u n d r e d t h p l a c e i s c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e
book f o r v a l u e o f p e r m i s s i b l e l o a d , P
78

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2
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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
// sum 98
clc ;
clear ;
sigyp =460;
FOS =2;
Ts =0.577* sigyp / FOS ;
At =245;
r =100;
P = Ts * At /1.453*10^ -3;
// Open p r o b 9 p 8 . t x t f i l e
fid = mopen ( p r o b 9 p 8 . t x t , w ) ;
// e r r o r m e s s a g e
if ( fid == -1)
error ( c a n n o t open f i l e f o r w r i t i n g ) ;
end
mfprintf ( fid , Problem 9 . 8 S o l u t i o n : \ nThe
e c c e n t r i c l o a d i s %f N
,P ) ;
mclose ( fid ) ;
,P ) ;
// V a l u e o f t h o u s a n d t h p l a c e o f e c c e n t r i c l o a d ,
i s m i s p r i n t e d i n t h e book .

1 // sum 99
2 clc ;
79
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
clear ;
P =4*10^3;
e =200;
l1 =150;
l2 =550;
sigyp =420;
FOS =3;
siga = sigyp /3;
M=P*e;
At =12.5;
At =14.2;
, At ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
// sum 910
clc ;
clear ;
Pi =10*10^3;
sigyp =420;
FOS =2;
sige = sigyp / FOS ;
K1 =0.85;
K2 =0.74;
K4 =0.868;
SCF =2.4;
K3 =1/ SCF ;
sige = sige * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4 ;
Pe =10*10^3/3;
Pmax = Pi + Pe ;
Pmin = Pi ;
80
19 theta = atan ( Pa / Pm ) ;
20 siga =21.132;
21 At = Pa / siga ;
22 At =84.2;
23
24
25
, At ) ;
26
disp ( M12 c o a r s e p i t c h b o l t w i t h 1 . 7 5 mm p i t c h
used );

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
// sum 911
clc ;
clear ;
Pi =15;
Pmax =15+3.75;
Pmin =15+1.25;
K1 =0.85;
K2 =0.7;
K4 =0.897;
SCF =2.4;
K3 =1/ SCF ;
sige =900/4* K1 * K2 * K3 * K4 ;
siga =28.115;
At = Pa *10^3/ siga ;
At =58;
, At ) ;
81
is
Chapter 10
PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS
Scilab code Exa 10.1 PPJ1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
// sum 101
clc ;
clear ;
sigta =140/2;
nt =0.75;
// L e t t h e f l o w r a t e be Q
Q =0.25;
v =1.2;
D =1.13* sqrt ( Q / v ) ;
D =520;
p =0.7;
C =9;
t =( p * D ) /(2* sigta * nt ) + C ;
,t ) ;

82
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
// sum 102
clc ;
clear ;
p =3*8;
sigta =60;
d =150;
t = d /2* sqrt ((( sigta + p ) /( sigta - p ) ) -1) ;
t =75* sqrt ((84/36) -1) ;
t =40;
do = d +(2* t ) ;
D = d +(2* t ) +20;
w =10;
Ds = d +(2* w ) ;
P = %pi *( Ds ^2) *8/4;
sigp =310;
FOS =4;
sigb =77.5;
At = P /( sigb *2) ;
At =1300;
D =250;
db =45;
b=D;
a =1.8* b ;
CD = D +(2* db *1.2) ;
sigp =310;
Pr =0.75* sigp * At ;
Pr = Pr *10^ -3;
t =40;
D1 = d +(2* t ) +20;
D2 = D1 +(4.6*31) ;
CD = D2 -((3* t ) +20) ;
printf ( Pr i s %0 . 2 f kN
, Pr ) ;
printf ( \n D1 i s %0 . 0 f mm
, D1 ) ;
, D2 ) ;
printf ( \n CD i s %0 . 1 f mm
, CD ) ;
83

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
// sum 103
clc ;
clear ;
p =14;
d =50;
sigyp =270;
FOS =3;
sigta = sigyp / FOS ;
pt =2* p ;
t = d /2* sqrt ((( sigta + pt ) /( sigta - pt ) ) -1) ;
t =10;
D1 = d +(2* t ) ;
Ds = D1 +20;
P = %pi *( Ds ^2) * p /4;
sigba =380/4;
At = P /(4* sigba ) ;
At =245;
db =20;
Dd =70+(2*20) +5;
R = db +2.5;
B =( Dd / sqrt (2) ) +(2*( db +2.5) ) ;
B =127;
Y = Dd /(2* sqrt (2) ) ;
Rm =34.12;
M =( P * Y /2) +( P * Rm / %pi ) ;
sigfa =250/5;
b =127/70;
Z = b /6;
tf = sqrt ( M /( sigfa * Z ) ) ;
tf =44;
84
33
34
35
36
37
38
,d ) ;
printf ( \n t i s %0 . 0 f mm
,t ) ;
printf ( \n B i s %0 . 0 f mm
,B ) ;
printf ( \n R i s %0 . 1 f mm
,R ) ;
printf ( \n Y i s %0 . 2 f mm
,Y ) ;
printf ( \n t f i s %0 . 0 f mm
, tf ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
// sum 104
clc ;
clear ;
p =1.25;
D =200;
nt =0.75;
C =9;
sigta =20;
t =( p * D ) /(2* sigta * nt ) + C ;
t =18;
D1 = D +(2* t ) ;
dr = D1 +10;
sigp =310;
sigba = sigp /4;
db =16;
Db = dr +32+5;
Do = Db +(2* db ) ;
P = %pi *(251+ db ) ^2*1.25/4;
n =6;
Y =( Db - dr ) /2;
M=P/n*Y;
Z = dr * tand (30) /6;
tf = sqrt ( M /( sigta * Z ) ) ;
tf =22;
Deff = dr + db +5;
85
27
28
29
30
31
32
,D ) ;
,t ) ;
printf ( \n Y i s %0 . 1 f mm
,Y ) ;
printf ( \n t f i s %0 . 0 f mm
, tf ) ;
printf ( \n D e f f i s %0 . 0 f mm
, Deff ) ;
86
Chapter 11
RIVETED JOINTS
Scilab code Exa 11.1 RJ1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
// sum 111
clc ;
clear ;
t =20;
p =100;
d =25;
sigt =40;
P =( p - d ) * t * sigt ;
Ts =(4* P ) /( %pi * d ^2) ;
sigb = P /( d * t ) ;
printf ( P i s %0 . 0 f N
,P ) ;
printf ( \n Ts i s %0 . 2 f MPa
, Ts ) ;
printf ( \n s i g b i s %0 . 0 f MPa
, sigb ) ;
87
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
// sum 112
clc ;
clear ;
t =22;
t1 =5* t /8;
d =30;
p =100;
sigt =75;
P =( p - d ) * t * sigt ;
Ts =(2* P ) /( %pi * d ^2) ;
sigb = P /( d * t ) ;
P = P *10^ -3
,P ) ;
printf ( \n Ts i s %0 . 1 f MPa
, Ts ) ;
printf ( \n s i g b i s %0 . 0 f N/mm2
, sigb ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
// sum 113
clc ;
clear ;
t =15;
t1 =5* t /8;
d =25;
n =2;
Ta =80;
sigta =100;
sigba =120;
Ps = n *1.875* %pi * d ^2* Ta /4;
Pb = n * d * t * sigba ;
p = Pb /( t * Ta ) + d ;
Pp = p * t * Ta ;
n = Pb / Pp ;
88
17
18
19
20
printf ( p i s %0 . 0 f mm
,p ) ;
printf ( \n n i s %0 . 2 f
,n ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
// sum 114
clc ;
clear ;
b =200;
t =16;
d =6* sqrt ( t ) ;
sigta =80;
Ta =60;
sigba =100;
Pt =( b - d ) * t * sigta ;
Ps =1.875* %pi * d ^2* Ta /4;
Pb = d * t * sigba ;
n1 = Pt / Pb ;
n1 =6;
Pt2 =(( b -(2* d ) ) * t * sigta ) + Pb ;
Pt3 =(( b -(3* d ) ) * t * sigta ) +(3* Pb ) ;
Pp = b * t * sigta ;
n2 = Pt / Pp ;
n2 = n2 *100;
,d ) ;
printf ( \n n1 i s %0 . 0 f
, n1 ) ;
printf ( \n Pt i s %0 . 0 f N
, Pt ) ;
printf ( \n Pt2 i s %0 . 0 f N
, Pt2 ) ;
printf ( \n Pt3 i s %0 . 0 f N
, Pt3 ) ;
, n2 ) ;
89
29
// Answer t o s t r e n g t h o f r i v e t i n b e a r i n g Pb i s
c a l c u l a t e d i n c o r r e c t l y i n t h e book , h e n c e Pt2 ,
Pt3 i s c a l c u l a t e d s u b s e q u e n t l y i n c o r r e c t .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
// sum 115
clc ;
clear ;
a =50;
b =75;
P =36*10^3;
d =24;
Ta =60;
n =9;
A = %pi * d ^2/4;
Td = P /( n * A ) ;
theta = atan ( b / a ) ;
Ts =54.64;
r2 =90.184;
e = A *29575.7/ P ;
printf ( e i s %0 . 1 f mm
,e ) ;

1 // sum 116
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
4 P =12*10^3;
5 Tmax =100;
6 n =6;
90
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
e =50+50+(5/2) ;
T=P*e;
Td = P / n ;
ra =125;
k = T /((2*125^2) +(2*75^2) +(2*25^2) ) ;
Tr =( k * ra ) + Td ;
A = Tr / Tmax ;
d = sqrt ( A *4/ %pi ) ;
d =12;
,d ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
// sum 117
clc ;
clear ;
t =15;
d =6* sqrt ( t ) ;
d =24;
sigta =75;
sigba =105;
Ta =60;
n =4;
Pt = n * %pi * d ^2* Ta /4;
x = d * t * sigta ;
y =2* t * sigta ;
p =( Pt + x ) / y ;
p =60;
C =4.17;
pmax =( C * t ) +41.28;
Pt1 =( y * p ) -x ;
Ps = n * %pi * d ^2* Ta /4;
Pb = n * d * t * sigba ;
91
21 S =2* p * t * sigta ;
22 n = Pt1 / S ;
23 n = n *100;
24
25
// p r i n t i n g d a t a i n
26
printf ( n i s %0 . 0 f
s c i l a b o /p window
,n ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
// sum 118
clc ;
clear ;
D =1500;
p =2;
nt =0.75;
sigut =420;
FOS =5;
sigta = sigut / FOS ;
t = p * D /(2* sigta * nt ) ;
t =24;
d =6* sqrt ( t ) ;
d =30;
Ta =330/5;
sigba =640/5;
Ps =2*1.875* %pi *( d ^2) * Ta /4;
p =( Ps /( t * sigta ) ) + d ;
p =117;
t1 =5* t /8;
Pt =( p - d ) * t * sigta ;
Pp = p * t * sigta ;
Pb =2* d * t * sigba ;
n = Ps / Pb ;
n = n *100;
92
27
,n ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
// sum 119
clc ;
clear ;
D =1200;
p =2.5;
sigba =110;
Pa = %pi * D ^2* p /4;
nt =0.8;
sigta =80;
t = p * D /(2* sigta * nt ) ;
t =24;
d =6* sqrt ( t ) ;
d =30;
Ta =55;
Ps = %pi *( d ^2) * Ta /4;
Np = Pa / Ps ;
Np =74;
nr = Np /2;
p = %pi *( D + t ) / nr ;
pb =2* d ;
m =1.5* d ;
Pt =( p - d ) * t * sigta ;
Ps =2* Ps ;
Pb =2* d * t * sigba ;
Pp = p * t * sigta ;
n = Ps / Pp ;
n = n *100;
,n ) ;
93
Chapter 12
WELDED JOINTS
Scilab code Exa 12.1 WJ1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
// sum 121
clc ;
clear ;
h =8;
F =100*10^3;
t =0.707* h ;
A =4*60* t ;
T=F/A;
printf ( T i s %0 . 1 f MPa
,T ) ;

1 // sum 122
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
4 FOS =3;
94
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Ta =95/ FOS ;
P =350*10^3;
h =12.5;
t =0.707* h ;
l = P /(2* t * Ta ) ;
printf ( l i s %0 . 0 f mm
,l ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
// sum 123
clc ;
clear ;
h =12;
t =0.707* h ;
l =60;
Ta =80;
P =2* l * t * Ta ;
P = P *10^ -3;
,P ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
// sum 124
clc ;
clear ;
P =6*10^3;
e =150+(100/2) ;
T=P*e;
A =200;
95
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Td = P / A ;
r = sqrt (2*50^2) ;
Ixx =2*(100*50^2) ;
Iyy =2*100^3/12;
IG = Ixx + Iyy ;
Ts = r * T / IG ;
Tmax = sqrt (( Ts * sind (45) ) ^2+( Td +( Ts * cosd (45) ) ) ^2) ;
Ta =80;
t = Tmax / Ta ;
h = sqrt (2) * t ;
h =3;
,h ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
// sum 125
clc ;
clear ;
h =10;
t =10/ sqrt (2) ;
Ta =80;
x =((50*25) +(50*0) ) /(50+50) ;
y=x;
ra = sqrt ( x ^2+37.5^2) ;
Ixx =(7.07*50^3/12) +(50*7.07*(12.5^2) )
+(50*7.07*12.5^2) ;
IG =2* Ixx ;
e =100+(50 -12.5) ;
Tr =16.09*10^ -3;
P = Ta / Tr ;
P = P *10^ -3;
,P ) ;
96

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
// sum 126
clc ;
clear ;
P =16*10^3;
l =300;
r =50;
M=P*l;
A =2* %pi * r ;
Ixx = %pi * r ^3;
sigb = M * r / Ixx ;
Td = P / A ;
Tmax = sqrt (( sigb /2) ^2+( Td ^2) ) ;
Ta =90;
t = Tmax / Ta ;
h = sqrt (2) * t ;
h =5;
,h ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
// sum 127
clc ;
clear ;
sigut =415;
sige = sigut /3;
Ka =0.5;
Kb =0.85;
Kc =0.897;
97
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
SCF =1.5;
Kd =1/ SCF ;
FOS =2;
sige1 = sige * Ka * Kb * Kc * Kd / FOS ;
Pa =50*10^3;
h =10;
t =0.707* h ;
l = Pa /(2* sige1 * t ) ;
,l ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
// sum 128
clc ;
clear ;
l =300;
P =30*10^3;
T = P /(2* l ) ;
Ta =124;
t1 = T / Ta ;
h1 = sqrt (2) * t1 ;
M=P*l;
Ixx =2*100*110^2;
sigb = M / Ixx *110;
// L e t t h e a l l o w a b l e b e n d i n g s t r e s s
Tab =200;
t2 = sigb / Tab ;
h2 = t2 /0.707;
h2 =3;
i s Tab
, h2 ) ;
98

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
// sum 129
clc ;
clear ;
Ta =60;
l1 =60;
l2 =40;
P1 = Ta *0.707* l1 ;
P2 = Ta *0.707* l2 ;
P =80*10^3;
h = P /( P1 + P2 ) ;
h =20;
a =( P2 *100) /( P1 + P2 ) ;
,h ) ;
printf ( \n a i s %0 . 0 f mm
,a ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
// sum 12 10
clc ;
clear ;
P =300*10^3;
l =500;
A =2* l ;
Td = P / A ;
T =(350 -250) * P ;
IG =( l ^3*2/12) +( l *2*5^2) ;
r = sqrt (250^2+5^2) ;
Ts = T * r / IG ;
99
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Ts = Ts + Td ;
Ta =110;
t = Ts / Ta ;
h = t /0.707;
h =9;
,h ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
// sum 12 11
clc ;
clear ;
t =30;
sigut =417;
sige = sigut /2;
Ka =0.5;
Kb =0.85;
Kc =0.897;
SCF =1.2;
Kd =1/ SCF ;
FOS =1.5;
sige1 = sige * Ka * Kb * Kc * Kd / FOS ;
Pa =60*10^3;
l = Pa /( sige1 * t ) ;
,l ) ;
100
Chapter 13
COTTER AND KNUCKLE
JOINTS
Scilab code Exa 13.1 CKJ1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
// sum 131
clc ;
clear ;
F =25*10^3;
sigat =50;
Ta =40;
pa =80;
d = sqrt ((4* F ) /( %pi * sigat ) ) ;
d =26;
t = d /4;
t =7;
d1 =1.2* d ;
d1 =32;
pc = F /( d1 * t ) ;
t =10;
c =0.75* d ;
c =20;
d2 =44;
tw =( d2 - d1 ) /2;
101
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
b = F /(2* t * Ta ) ;
b =34;
a =0.5* d ;
d3 =( F /( pa * t ) ) + d1 ;
d3 =64;
e = F /( Ta *( d3 - d1 ) ) ;
d4 = sqrt (( F *4/( %pi * pa ) ) + d1 ^2) ;
d4 =40;
f =0.5* d ;
sigbc =3* F * d3 /( t * b ^2*4) ;
,d ) ;
, d1 ) ;
, d2 ) ;
, d3 ) ;
, d4 ) ;
printf ( \n s i g b c i s %0 . 1 f MPa
, sigbc ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
// sum 132
clc ;
clear ;
P =40*10^3;
sigut =490;
FOS =4;
sigts = sigut / FOS ;
sigcs =1.4* sigts ;
sigs =0.8* sigts ;
d = sqrt ((4* P ) /( %pi * sigts ) ) ;
d =21;
sigcc =1.4*330/4;
Tc =0.8*330/4;
t = d /3;
102
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
b = P /(2* t * Tc ) ;
b =31;
t =10;
d1 =28;
d2 =40;
c = d /2;
c =15;
a = P /(2*( d2 - d1 ) *98) ;
a =20;
L =(2* a ) +(2* b ) +(2* c ) +(2*3) ;
,d ) ;
, d1 ) ;
,t ) ;
,b ) ;
, d2 ) ;
printf ( \n L i s %0 . 0 f mm
,L ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
// sum 133
clc ;
clear ;
P =40*10^3;
sigt =60;
sigc =125;
T =45;
a = sqrt ( P *3/(2* sigt ) ) ;
a =33;
t = a /3;
b = P /(4.5* t * T ) ;
b =20;
b1 =1.25* b ;
t1 = P *3/(4* a * sigt ) ;
103
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
t1 =16;
l2 = P /(2*2* T * t1 ) ;
l2 =14;
l1 = P /(2* a * T ) ;
l1 =14;
l3 =(0.6* a ) ;
l3 =20;
l4 =11;
sigcr = P /( t * a ) ;
sigcr1 = P /(2* t1 * t ) ;
printf ( a i s %0 . 0 f mm
,a ) ;
,t ) ;
printf ( \n t 1 i s %0 . 0 f mm
, t1 ) ;
,b ) ;
printf ( \n b1 i s %0 . 0 f mm
, b1 ) ;
, l1 ) ;
, l2 ) ;
, l3 ) ;
, l4 ) ;
printf ( \n s i g c r i s %0 . 1 f MPa
, sigcr ) ;
printf ( \n s i g c r 1 i s %0 . 1 f MPa
, sigcr1 ) ;

1
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9
// sum 134
clc ;
clear ;
P =50*10^3;
sigp =380;
FOS =4;
sigca =80;
Ta =50;
sigta = sigp / FOS ;
104
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
At = P / sigta ;
d =30;
d1 =1.5* d ;
t = P /( sigca * d1 ) ;
t =14;
A =( %pi *( d1 ^2) /4) -( d1 * t ) ;
// l e t t e a r i n g s t r e s s be s i g t
sigt = P / A ;
b = P /(2* t * Ta ) ;
b =36;
,d ) ;
printf ( \n s i g t i s %0 . 1 f MPa
, sigt ) ;
,b ) ;
// The a n s w e r t o t e a r i n g s t r e s s i n b o l t
c a l c u l a t e d i n c o r r e c t l y i n t h e book .
105
sigt is
Chapter 14
KEYS AND COUPLINGS
Scilab code Exa 14.1 KC1

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13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
// sum 141
clc ;
clear ;
d =40;
r = d /2;
P =6*10^3;
N =350;
sigyt =380;
A = %pi *12^2/2;
theta = %pi -(2* atan (4/12) ) ;
alpha =180 -( theta * %pi /180) ;
l =2*12* cosd (19.5) ;
A1 = l *4/2;
Abcd =( A *141/180) - A1 ;
A2 =A - Abcd ;
A3 =8* l ;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
T=P/w;
Pt = T *10^3/ r ;
sigb = Pt / A2 ;
// L e t s h e a r s t r e s s d e v e l o p e d i n key Tk
106
22 Tk = Pt / A3 ;
23 FOS1 = sigyt / sigb ;
24 FOS2 =0.577* sigyt / Tk ;
25
26
27
printf ( FOS1 i s %0 . 3 f
, FOS1 ) ;
28
printf ( \n FOS2 i s %0 . 2 f
, FOS2 ) ;

1
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7
8
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10
11
12
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14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
// sum 142
clc ;
clear ;
n =12;
phi =360* %pi /(180*12*2) ;
R1 =45/2;
R2 =50/2;
l =60;
Rm =( R1 + R2 ) /2;
p =6.5;
Pn =( R2 - R1 ) * l * p ;
T = Pn * Rm ;
T=T*n;
N =400;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
P=T*w;
A =( %pi * R1 * l ) / n ;
Ts = Pn / A ;
Ah =( %pi * R2 * l ) / n ;
Th = Pn / Ah ;
printf ( Ts i s %0 . 2 f N/mm2
, Ts ) ;
printf ( \n Th i s %0 . 2 f N/mm2
, Th ) ;
107

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
// sum 143
clc ;
clear ;
N =360;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
sigyt =380;
r =25;
P =40*10^3;
FOS =3;
T=P/w;
Pt = T *10^3/(2* r ) ;
siga =380/3;
Ta =0.577*380/3;
l1 = Pt /( sqrt (2) *12* Ta ) ;
l2 = Pt * sqrt (2) /( siga *12) ;
printf ( l 1 i s %0 . 0 f mm
, l1 ) ;
, l2 ) ;

1
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3
4
5
6
7
8
// sum 144
clc ;
clear ;
N =300;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
P =12*10^3;
Ks =1.25;
Pd = P * Ks ;
108
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
T = Pd / w ;
Tas =50;
d =16* T *10^3/( %pi * Tas ) ;
d = d ^(1/3) ;
d =40;
Ts =10;
d1 =(2* d ) +13;
x =( d1 ^4 - d ^4) / d1 ;
// L e t t h e s h e a r s t r e s s i n t h e key be Tsh
Tsh = T *10^3*16/( %pi * x ) ;
l =3.5* d ;
Ft = T *2*10^3/ d ;
l1 =70;
sigak =50;
b = Ft /( l1 * sigak ) ;
t =2* Ft /(100* l1 ) ;
,d ) ;
printf ( \n Tsh i s %0 . 2 f MPa
, Tsh ) ;
,b ) ;
,t ) ;

1
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6
7
8
9
10
// sum 145
clc ;
clear ;
P =36*10^3;
N =200;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
T=P/w;
Tas =45;
d =16* T *10^3/( %pi * Tas ) ;
d = d ^(1/3) ;
109
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
d =60;
d1 =(2* d ) +13;
l =3.5* d ;
Ftk = T *2/ d ;
lk = l /2;
Tak =40;
sigack =90;
b = Ftk *10^3/( lk * Tak ) ;
t =2* Ftk *10^3/( sigack * lk ) ;
n =4;
sigatb =60;
u =0.25;
dr =16* T *10^3/( u * %pi ^2* sigatb * n * d ) ;
dr = sqrt ( dr ) ;
,d ) ;
,b ) ;
,t ) ;
printf ( \n d r i s %0 . 3 f mm
, dr ) ;

1
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6
7
8
9
10
11
12
// sum 145
clc ;
clear ;
P =16*10^3;
N =1000;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
T=P/w;
Ks =1.4;
Td = T * Ks ;
Tas =40;
d =16* T *10^3/( %pi * Tas ) ;
d = d ^(1/3) ;
110
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
d =32;
d1 =2* d ;
l =1.5* d ;
ds =1.5* d ;
Tak =40;
sigack =70;
Ftk = Td *2/ d ;
b = Ftk *10^3/( l * Tak ) ;
t =2* Ftk *10^3/( sigack * l ) ;
Taf =10;
tf = Td *10^3*2/( %pi * Taf * d1 ^2) ;
Ftb = Td *10^3/(1.5* d *4) ;
Tab =40;
db = sqrt ( Ftb *4/( Tab * %pi ) ) ;
D =4* d ;
trp = d /6;
Ftb1 = Td *10^3/(45*4) ;
db1 = sqrt ( Ftb1 *4/( Tab * %pi ) ) ;
,d ) ;
,b ) ;
,t ) ;
printf ( \n db i s %0 . 2 f mm
, db ) ;
printf ( \n db1 i s %0 . 2 f mm
, db1 ) ;
// The a n s w e r t o Key t h i c k n e s s
i n c o r r e c t l y i n t h e book .

1 // sum 145
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
4 P =30*10^3;
111
t is calculated
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
N =1440;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
T=P/w;
d =36;
d1 =30;
d2 =2* d ;
d3 = d1 *2;
l =1.5* d ;
Dp =3.5* d ;
n =6;
Ft =(2* T ) /( Dp * n ) ;
p =0.5;
A = Ft / p ;
Lf = d ;
dp = A / Lf ;
M = Ft *10^3*(5+( Lf /2) ) ;
db =(32* M /( %pi *40) ) ^(1/3) ;
db =15;
T =(4*526) /( %pi * db ^2) ;
sigb =32* M /( %pi * db ^3) ;
sigmax =( sigb /2) + sqrt ((( sigb /2) ^2) +( T ^2) ) ;
b = d /4;
t =6;
Lf =36;
La =10;
Do =126+30+(2*(5+1) ) +(2*6) ;
printf ( s i g m a x i s %0 . 2 f MPa
, sigmax ) ;
,b ) ;
,t ) ;
printf ( \n L f i s %0 . 0 f mm
, Lf ) ;
printf ( \n Do i s %0 . 0 f mm
, Do ) ;
112
Chapter 15
SHAFTS
Scilab code Exa 15.2 S2

1
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3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
// sum 152
clc ;
clear ;
dA =150;
dB =250;
alpha =20* %pi /180;
W =400;
sigyt =400;
sigut =500;
Kb =1.5;
Kt =2;
T = W * dA /2;
Pt = T /( dB /2) ;
Pr1 = W * tan ( alpha ) ;
Pr2 = Pt * tan ( alpha ) ;
RDH =(( W *120) -( Pt *320) ) /440;
RcH =W - RDH - Pt ;
//RcH=400+65.5 240;
McH =0;
MAH = RcH *120;
MBH = RDH *120;
113
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
RDV =(( Pr1 *120) -( Pr2 *320) ) /440;

RcV = Pr1 - RDV - Pr2 ;
MAV = RcV *120;
MBV = RDV *120;
Mmax = sqrt (( MAH ^2) +( MAV ^2) ) ;
T =30*10^3;
Ta =0.135* sigut ;
d =16* sqrt (( Kb * Mmax ) ^2+( Kt * T ) ^2) /( %pi * Ta ) ;
d = d ^(1/3) ;
,d ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
// sum 153
clc ;
clear ;
P =16*746;
N =3000;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
T = P / w *10^3;
sigy =400;
Ty = sigy /2;
FOS =2;
Ta = Ty / FOS ;
d = T *16/( %pi * Ta ) ;
d1 = d ^(1/3) ;
r =3;
D = d1 +(2* r ) ;
SCF =1.196
Tys = Ta / SCF ;
d = T *16/( %pi * Tys ) ;
d2 = d ^(1/3) ;
d =14;
114
21 D = d +(2* r ) ;
22
23
24
, d1 ) ;
25
, d2 ) ;

1
2
3
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5
6
7
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12
13
14
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18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
// sum 154
clc ;
clear ;
P1 =24*10^3;
P2 =10*10^3;
sigyt =460;
Tya = sigyt *0.3;
SCF =2.84;
Ta = Tya / SCF ;
N =400;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
T1 = P1 / w ;
T2 = P2 / w ;
d1 = T1 *16*10^3/( %pi * Ta ) ;
d1 = d1 ^(1/3) ;
d2 = T2 *16*10^3/( %pi * Ta ) ;
d2 = d2 ^(1/3) ;
theta1 = %pi /3600;
l1 =120;
G =84*10^3;
d3 = T1 *10^3* l1 *32/( %pi * G * theta1 ) ;
d3 = d3 ^(1/4) ;
d4 = T2 * l1 *10^3*32/( %pi * G * theta1 ) ;
d4 = d4 ^(1/4) ;
, d1 ) ;
115
28
29
30

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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
// sum 155
clc ;
clear ;
d =200;
r = d /2;
N =300;
P =5000;
D =500;
R = D /2;
u =0.3;
E =205*10^3;
G =84*10^3;
Ta =60;
Kb =1.5;
Kt =2;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
beta1 =20* %pi /180;
V=r*w;
v=R*w;
// L e t T1T2 =T
T=P/V;
x = u * %pi / sin ( beta1 ) ;
T2 = T /(( exp ( x ) -1) ) ;
T1 = T2 * exp ( x ) ;
t=P/v;
y = u * %pi ;
T3 = t /(( exp ( x ) -1) ) ;
T4 = T3 * exp ( x ) ;
T=P/w;
116
, d2 ) ;
, d3 ) ;
, d4 ) ;
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Rc =2612;;
RA =645.1;
MB =96.76;
MC = -208.96;
d =16*10^3* sqrt (( Kb * MC ) ^2+( Kt * T ) ^2) /( %pi * Ta ) ;
d = d ^(1/3) ;
l =380;
J = %pi * d ^4/32;
theta = T *10^3* l /( G * J ) ;
theta = theta *180/ %pi ;
,d ) ;
, theta ) ;

1
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7
8
9
10
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12
13
14
15
16
17
18
// sum 156
clc ;
clear ;
T =400;
Pt =4800;
Pg =3600;
sigyt =360;
E =205*10^3;
G =80*10^3;
Kb =2;
Kt =1.5;
FOS =3;
RC =(( Pt *90) +( Pg *200) ) /140;
RA =8400 - RC ;
MB = RA *0.9;
MC = Pg *0.045;
Te = sqrt (( Kb * MC ) ^2+( Kt * T ) ^2) ;
Ta =0.577* sigyt / FOS ;
117
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
d =16*10^3* Te /( %pi * Ta ) ;
d = d ^(1/3) ;
L =110;
J = %pi * d ^4/32;
T =400;
theta = T *10^3* L /( G * J ) ;
,d ) ;
, theta ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
// sum 157
clc ;
clear ;
T =47*10^3;
M =32*10^3;
d =20;
siga =32* M /( %pi * d ^3) ;
Tm =16* T /( %pi * d ^3) ;
sige =75;
Tys =165;
n =1/ sqrt (( siga / sige ) ^2+( Tm / Tys ) ^2) ;
,n ) ;
118
Chapter 16
POWER SCREWS
Scilab code Exa 16.1 PS1

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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
// sum 161
clc ;
clear ;
d =30;
W =20*10^3;
r1 =8;
r2 =16;
p =6;
u1 =0.2;
u2 =0.15;
dm =d -( p /2) ;
phi = atan ( u1 ) ;
rm =( r1 + r2 ) /2;
Ttr = W *(( dm * tan ( alpha + phi ) /2) +( u2 * rm ) ) ;
Ttr = Ttr *10^ -3;
printf ( Ttr i s %0 . 3 f Nm
, Ttr ) ;
// The a n s w e r t o Ttr i s
slightly
119
d i f f e r e n t than i n
t h e book due t o r o u n d i n g o f f o f v a l u e s .

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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
// sum 162
clc ;
clear ;
d =50;
W =20*10^3;
r1 =10;
r2 =30;
p =7;
u1 =0.12/ cosd (15) ;
u2 =0.15;
dm =d -( p /2) ;
alpha = atan (3* p /( %pi * dm ) ) ;
phi = atan ( u1 ) ;
rm =( r1 + r2 ) /2;
Tr = W *(( dm * tan ( alpha + phi ) /2) +( u2 * rm ) ) ;
Tr = Tr *10^ -3;
Te = W *(( dm * tan ( phi - alpha ) /2) +( u2 * rm ) ) ;
Te = Te *10^ -3;
n = dm /2* tan ( alpha ) /( dm * tan ( alpha + phi ) /2+( u2 * rm ) ) ;
L =0.30;
Ph = Tr / L ;
printf ( Tr i s %0 . 2 f Nm
, Tr ) ;
printf ( \n Te i s %0 . 3 f Nm
, Te ) ;
,n ) ;
printf ( \n Ph i s %0 . 2 f N
, Ph ) ;
// The a n s w e r s t o Tr , Te and Ph i s s l i g h t l y
d i f f e r e n t t h a n i n t h e book due t o r o u n d i n g o f f
of values .
120

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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
// sum 163
clc ;
clear ;
d =30;
W =5*10^3;
p =5;
rm =45/2;
u1 =0.15/ cosd (14.5) ;
u2 =0.15;
dm =d -( p /2) ;
phi = atan ( u1 ) ;
Tr1 = W *(( dm * tan ( alpha + phi ) /2) +( u2 * rm ) ) ;
Tr1 = Tr1 *10^ -3;
n1 = dm /2* tan ( alpha ) /( dm * tan ( alpha + phi ) /2+( u2 * rm ) ) ;
T1 = W *(( dm * tan ( phi - alpha ) /2) +( u2 * rm ) ) ;
T1 = T1 *10^ -3;
n2 = dm /2* tan ( alpha ) /( dm * tan ( phi - alpha ) /2+( u2 * rm ) ) ;
u2 =0.02;
Tr2 = W *(( dm * tan ( alpha + phi ) /2) +( u2 * rm ) ) ;
Tr2 = Tr2 *10^ -3;
n3 = dm /2* tan ( alpha ) /( dm * tan ( alpha + phi ) /2+( u2 * rm ) ) ;
Te = W *(( dm * tan ( phi - alpha ) /2) +( u2 * rm ) ) ;
Te = Te *10^ -3;
n4 = dm /2* tan ( alpha ) /( dm * tan ( phi - alpha ) /2+( u2 * rm ) ) ;
printf ( Tr1 i s %0 . 3 f Nm
, Tr1 ) ;
, n1 ) ;
printf ( \n T1 i s %0 . 3 f Nm
, T1 ) ;
, n2 ) ;
printf ( \n Tr2 i s %0 . 3 f Nm
, Tr2 ) ;
121
33
34
35
36
37
printf ( \n Te i s %0 . 3 f Nm
, n3 ) ;
, Te ) ;
, n4 ) ;
// The a n s w e r t o T1 i s m i s p r i n t e d i n t h e book .

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3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
// sum 164
clc ;
clear ;
d =28;
P =300;
L =180;
p =8;
r1 =16;
r2 =46;
rm =( r1 + r2 ) /2;
u1 =0.12;
u2 =0.15;
dm =d -( p /2) ;
phi = atan ( u1 ) ;
T=P*L;
F = T /(( dm * tan ( alpha + phi ) /2) +( u2 * rm ) ) ;
F = F *10^ -3;
printf ( F i s %0 . 3 f kN
,F ) ;

1
// sum 165
122
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
clc ;
clear ;
d =25;
p =8;
F =392.4;
L =250;
l = p *2;
u =0.14;
dm =d -( p /2) ;
alpha = atan ( l /( %pi * dm ) ) ;
phi = atan ( u ) ;
T = dm * tan ( alpha + phi ) /2;
M=F*L;
P = M / T *10^ -3;
,P ) ;

1
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3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
// sum 166
clc ;
clear ;
d =52;
W =2.2*10^3;
p =8;
r1 =15;
r2 =30;
rm =( r1 + r2 ) /2;
u1 =0.15/ cosd (14.5) ;
dm =d -( p /2) ;
phi = atan ( u1 ) ;
Ts = W * dm * tan ( alpha + phi ) /2;
u2 =0.12;
123
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Tc = u2 * W * rm ;
T =10^ -3*( Ts + Tc ) ;
N =40;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
P = T * w *10^ -3;
To = W * dm /2* tan ( alpha ) ;
n = To /( T *10^3) ;
printf ( P i s %0 . 2 f KW
,P ) ;
,n ) ;

1
2
3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
// sum 167
clc ;
clear ;
alpha = atan (2*0.2/( %pi *0.9) ) ;
u1 =0.15;
phi = atan ( u1 ) ;
P =200;
L =250;
Tt = P * L ;
W =10*10^3;
u2 =0.15;
x = Tt / W ;
d = x /0.1716;
d =30;
p =6;
dr =0.8* d ;
d =24;
p =5;
dr =d - p ;
dm =d -( p /2) ;
124
22
23
24
,d ) ;
printf ( \n p i s %0 . 0 f mm
,p ) ;

1
2
3
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5
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7
8
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11
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13
14
15
16
17
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19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
// sum 168
clc ;
clear ;
FOS =3;
sigut =380;
Ta =0.577* sigut / FOS ;
d =25;
Tus =460;
Ps = %pi * d * Tus ;
siga =127;
dr = sqrt ( Ps *4/( %pi * siga ) ) ;
d =30;
p =6;
dr =d - p ;
dm =d -( p /2) ;
u1 =0.15;
alpha = atan ( p *2/( %pi * dm ) ) ;
phi = atan ( u1 ) ;
T = Ps * dm * tan ( alpha + phi ) /2;
T1 =16* T /( %pi * dr ^3) ;
sigc =4* Ps /( %pi * dr ^2) ;
sigmax = sigc /2+ sqrt (( sigc /2^2) +( T1 ^2) ) ;
Tmax = sqrt (( sigc /2^2) +( T1 ^2) ) ;
n = tan ( alpha ) / tan ( alpha + phi ) ;
Uo = Ps /2;
Ui = Uo / n ;
wav = %pi /2;
wmax =2* wav ;
I = Ui *2/ wmax ^2;
125
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
k =0.4;
Ir =0.9* I *10^ -3;
m = Ir / k ^2;
R =0.4;
rho =7200;
a = sqrt ( m /(2* %pi * R * rho ) ) ;
T = T *10^ -3;
printf ( T i s %0 . 3 f Nm
,T ) ;
,n ) ;
printf ( \n a i s %0 . 5 f mm
,a ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e a n s w e r s o f T i s due t o
126
Chapter 17
SLIDING CONTACT
BEARINGS
Scilab code Exa 17.1 SCB1

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9
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15
16
17
18
19
// sum 171
clc ;
clear ;
Ta =22;
u =7/10^9;
nj =20;
r =25;
l =2* r ;
Ao =30000;
Uo =15.3/10^3;
c =0.025;
// s p e c i f i c w e i g h t o f t h e m a t e r i a l i s r h o
rho =8.46*(10^ -6) ;
Cp =179.8;
Tf = Ta +(16* %pi ^3* u * nj ^2* l * r ^3/( Uo * Ao * c ) ) ;
// avg mean f i l m t e m p e r a t u r e i s Tav
Tav =( Tf - Ta ) /2;
x = l * c * rho * %pi * r * nj * Cp *10^3;
y = Ao * Tav * Uo ;
127
20
21
22
23
24
delT = y / x ;
printf ( Tav i s %0 . 2 f degC , Tav ) ;
printf ( \n d e l T i s %0 . 1 f degC , delT ) ;

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7
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15
16
17
// sum 172
clc ;
clear ;
l =60;
d =60;
r = d /2;
ho =0.008;
c =0.04;
S =0.0446;
nj =1260/60;
W =6000;
p = W /( l * d ) ;
u = S *( c / r ) ^2* p / nj ;
u = u *10^9;
printf ( u i s %0 . 3 f cP ,u ) ;

1 // sum 173
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
4 d =60;
5 r =30;
128
6
7
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18
19
20
21
l =60;
c =0.8*10^ -3* r ;
ho =0.2* c ;
W =21000/2;
p = W /( l * d ) ;
S =0.0446;
nj =1440/60;
u = S *( c / r ) ^2* p / nj ;
u = u *10^9;
// s i n c e Q/ ( r n j l ) =4.62
Q =4.62* r * c * nj * l ;
Q = Q *60/10^6;
printf ( u i s %0 . 3 f cP ,u ) ;
printf ( \n Q i s %0 . 4 f lpm ,Q ) ;

// sum 174
clc ;
clear ;
l =60;
d =60;
r = d /2;
W =3000;
p = W /( l * d ) ;
u =30*10^ -9;
c =0.06;
nj =1440/60;
S =( r / c ) ^2* u * nj / p ;
// For r a t i o l / d =1 , v a l u e s o f d i f f e r e n t p a r a m e t e r s
are given in matrix A corresponding to S
14 A =[1 0.264 0.6 5.79 3.99
15
1 0.121 0.4 3.22 4.33];
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13
129
16 // l e t ho / c=x
17 x =( A (1 ,3) ) -(( A (1 ,3) -( A (2 ,3) ) ) *(( A (1 ,2) ) -S ) /(( A (1 ,2) )
18
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29
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31
32
33
34
35
-( A (2 ,2) ) ) ) ;
// l e t y= ( r / c ) f=CFV
y =( A (1 ,4) ) -(( A (1 ,4) -( A (2 ,4) ) ) *(( A (1 ,2) ) -S ) /(( A (1 ,2) )
-( A (2 ,2) ) ) ) ;
// l e t z=Q/ ( r c n j l )=FV
z =( A (1 ,5) ) -(( A (1 ,5) -( A (2 ,5) ) ) *(( A (1 ,2) ) -S ) /(( A (1 ,2) )
-( A (2 ,2) ) ) ) ;
f=y*c/r;
ho = x * c ;
Q = z * r * c * nj * l ;
Q = Q *60/10^6;
delT =8.3* p * y / z ;
// l e t power l o s t i n f r i c t i o n be Pf
Pf =2* %pi * nj * f * W * r /10^6;
printf ( f i s %0 . 5 f ,f ) ;
printf ( \n ho i s %0 . 3 f mm , ho ) ;
printf ( \n d e l T i s %0 . 1 f degC , delT ) ;
printf ( \n Pf i s %0 . 4 f KW , Pf ) ;

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8
9
// sum 175
clc ;
clear ;
W =22000;
nj =960/60;
p =2.4;
u =20*10^ -9;
d = sqrt ( W / p ) ;
d =96;
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r = d /2;
l=d;
S =0.0446;
pact = W /( l * d ) ;
// x=r / c ;
x = sqrt ( S * pact /( u * nj ) ) ;
c=r/x;
ho =0.2* c ;
Q = r * c * nj * l *4.62;
Q = Q *60/10^6;
printf ( d i s %0 . 0 f mm ,d ) ;
printf ( \n l i s %0 . 0 f mm ,l ) ;
printf ( \n ho i s %0 . 4 f mm , ho ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n a n s w e r t o Q i s due t o r o u n d i n g
o f f the value of c .

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7
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9
10
11
12
13
// sum 176
clc ;
clear ;
W =400*10^3;
Ro =200;
Ri =160;
ho =0.1;
t =150;
// s p e c i f i c g r a v i t y i s r h o
rho =0.86;
pi =2* W * log ( Ro / Ri ) /( %pi *( Ro ^2 - Ri ^2) ) ;
zk =(0.22* t ) -(180/ t ) ;
z = rho * zk ;
131
14 u = z /(10^9) ;
15 Q = %pi * pi * ho ^3/(6* u * log ( Ro / Ri ) ) ;
16 Q = Q *60/10^6;
17
18
19
printf ( p i i s %0 . 3 f MPa , pi ) ;
20
21
22
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n a n s w e r t o Q i s due t o r o u n d i n g
o f f of values .

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7
8
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13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
// sum 177
clc ;
clear ;
// l e t number o f p a d s be n
n =4;
W =100*10^3;
Ro =125;
Ri =50;
t =200;
ho =0.15;
pi =2* W * log ( Ro / Ri ) /( %pi *( Ro ^2 - Ri ^2) ) ;
zk =(0.22* t ) -(180/ t ) ;
// s p e c i f i c g r a v i t y i s r h o
rho =0.86;
z = rho * zk ;
u = z /(10^9) ;
Q = %pi * pi * ho ^3/(6* u * log ( Ro / Ri ) ) ;
Q = Q *60/10^6;
printf ( p i i s %0 . 2 f MPa , pi ) ;
132
133
Chapter 18
ROLLING BEARINGS
Scilab code Exa 18.1 RB1

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8
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10
11
12
13
14
15
// sum 181
clc ;
clear ;
Pr =16*10^3;
u =0.0011;
F = u * Pr ;
r =20*10^ -3;
// L e t f r i c t i o n a l moment be M
M=F*r;
N =1440;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
Pf = M * w ;
printf ( Pf i s %0 . 2 f W
, Pf ) ;
134
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5
6
7
8
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10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
// sum 182
clc ;
clear ;
C =5590;
Ca =2500;
Pa =625;
Pr =1250;
V =1;
X =0.56;
Y =1.2;
P1 =( X * V * Pr ) +( Y * Pa ) ;
L1 =( C / P1 ) ^3;
V =1.2;
P2 =( X * V * Pr ) +( Y * Pa ) ;
L2 =( C / P2 ) ^3;
printf ( L1 i s %0 . 1 f m i l l i o n r e v o l u t i o n s
printf ( \n L2 i s %0 . 2 f m i l l i o n r e v o l t i o n s
;

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7
8
9
10
11
// sum 184
clc ;
clear ;
P =20*10^3;
Co =22400;
C =41000;
Ln =( C / P ) ^3;
Lh = Ln *10^6/(720*60) ;
printf ( Lh i s %0 . 3 f h r s
, Lh ) ;
135
, L1 ) ;
, L2 )

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7
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25
26
27
28
29
30
// sum 185
clc ;
clear ;
R1x =120;
R1y =250;
R2x =300;
R2y =400;
Lh =8000;
N =720;
Ln = Lh *60* N *10^ -6;
R1 = sqrt ( R1x ^2+ R1y ^2) ;
R2 = sqrt ( R2x ^2+ R2y ^2) ;
// L e t l o a d f a c t o r be Ks
Ks =1.5;
P1 = R1 * Ks ;
P2 = R2 * Ks ;
C1 = P1 *( Ln ^(1/3) ) ;
C2 = P2 *( Ln ^(1/3) ) ;
// l e t d e s i g n a t i o n , d , D, B , C a t b e a r i n g B1 be De1 , d1 , D1
, B1 , C1
d1 =25;
D1 =37;
B1 =7;
C1 =3120;
De1 =61805;
// l e t d e s i g n a t i o n , d , D, B , C a t b e a r i n g B2 be De2 , d2 , D2
, B2 , C2
d2 =25;
D2 =47;
B2 =8;
C2 =7620;
De2 =16005;
136
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
printf ( D e s i g n a t i o n o f B e a r i n g B1 i s %0 . 0 f
De1 ) ;
, d1 ) ;
, D1 ) ;
printf ( \n B1 i s %0 . 0 f mm
, B1 ) ;
printf ( \n C1 i s %0 . 0 f N
, C1 ) ;
printf ( \n D e s i g n a t i o n o f B e a r i n g B2 i s %0 . 0 f
, De2 ) ;
, d2 ) ;
, D2 ) ;
printf ( \n B2 i s %0 . 0 f mm
, B2 ) ;
printf ( \n C2 i s %0 . 0 f N
, C2 ) ;
disp ( B e a r i n g 6 1 8 0 5 a t B1 and 1 6 0 0 5 a t B2 can be

installed . )

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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
// sum 186
clc ;
clear ;
P =7500;
N =1440;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
T=P/w;
r =0.2;
// L e t T1T2=t
t=T/r;
T2 = t /2.5;
T1 =3.5* T2 ;
R =0.125;
Ft = T / R ;
Fr = Ft * tan (20* %pi /180) ;
137
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
// RD & RA a r e r e a c t i o n f o r c e s c a l c u l a t e d i n
v e r t i c a l and h o r i z o n t a l d i r e c t i o n s from FBD by
force equilibrium
RDv =186.5;
RAv =236.2;
RDh =36.2;
RAh =108.56;
RA = sqrt ( RAv ^2+ RAh ^2) ;
RD = sqrt ( RDv ^2+ RDh ^2) ;
Ks =1.4;
P1 = RA * Ks ;
P2 = RD * Ks ;
// l e t d e s i g n a t i o n , d , D, B , C a t b e a r i n g B1 be De1 , d1 , C1
d1 =25;
C1 =3120;
De1 =61805;
// l e t d e s i g n a t i o n , d , D, B , C a t b e a r i n g B2 be De2 , d2 , C2
d2 =25;
C2 =2700;
De2 =61804;
L1 =( C1 / P1 ) ^3;
Lh1 = L1 *10^6/(720*60) ;
L2 =( C2 / P2 ) ^3;
Lh2 = L2 *10^6/(720*60) ;
printf ( Lh1 i s %0 . 0 f h r s
, Lh1 ) ;
printf ( \n Lh2 i s %0 . 0 f h r s
, Lh2 ) ;
// I n c o r r e c t v a l u e o f P2 i s t a k e n i n t h e book w h i l e
c a l c u l a t i n g L2 .

1
// sum 187
138
2
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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
clc ;
clear ;
P =3500;
Lh =6000;
N =1400;
R98 =0.98;
R90 =0.9;
L98 = Lh *60* N /10^6;
x =( log (1/ R98 ) / log (1/ R90 ) ) ^(1/1.17) ;
L90 = L98 / x ;
C = P * L90 ^(1/3) ;
printf ( C i s %0 . 0 f N
,C ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e o f C i s due t o
rounding o f f o f value o f L .

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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
// sum 188
clc ;
clear ;
n =3;
P =3;
// L e t R e l i a b i l i t y o f s y s t e m be R
R =0.83;
L94 =6;
R94 =( R ) ^(1/ n ) ;
x =( log (1/ R94 ) / log (1/0.90) ) ^(1/1.17) ;
L90 = L94 / x ;
C = P * L90 ^(1/3) ;
printf ( C i s %0 . 3 f kN
,C ) ;
139
16
17
rounding o f f o f value o f L .

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7
8
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11
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15
16
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18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
// sum 189
clc ;
clear ;
P1 =3000;
P2 =4000;
P3 =5000;
N1 =1440;
N2 =1080;
N3 =720;
t1 =1/4;
t2 =1/2;
t3 =1/4;
n1 = N1 * t1 ;
n2 = N2 * t2 ;
n3 = N3 * t3 ;
N =( n1 + n2 + n3 ) ;
Pe =((( n1 * P1 ^3) +( n2 * P2 ^3) +( n3 * P3 ^3) ) / N ) ^(1/3) ;
Lh =10*10^3;
L = Lh *60* N /10^6;
C = Pe * L ^(1/3) ;
printf ( C i s %0 . 0 f N
,C ) ;
r o u n d i n g o f f o f v a l u e o f Pe
140

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28
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31
32
33
// sum 18 10
clc ;
clear ;
Co =695;
C =1430;
Pa1 =200;
Pr1 =600;
x = Pa1 / Co ;
y = Pa1 / Pr1 ;
e =0.37+((0.44 -0.37) *0.038/0.28) ;
X =1;
Y =0;
P1 =600;
Pa2 =120;
Pr2 =300;
X =0.56;
Y =1.2 -(0.2*0.042/0.12) ;
P2 =( X * Pr2 ) +( Y * Pa2 ) ;
N1 =1440;
N2 =720;
t1 =2/3;
t2 =1/3;
n1 = N1 * t1 ;
n2 = N2 * t2 ;
N =( n1 + n2 ) ;
Pe =((( n1 * P1 ^3) +( n2 * P2 ^3) ) / N ) ^(1/3) ;
L =( C / Pe ) ^3;
Lh = L *10^6/( N *60) ;
printf ( Lh i s %0 . 2 f h r s
, Lh ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e o f Lh i s due t o
r o u n d i n g o f f o f v a l u e o f Pe
141
Chapter 19
FLYWHEEL
Scilab code Exa 19.1 F1

// sum 191
clc ;
clear ;
R =1200;
b =300;
t =150;
N =500;
m =7100*10^ -9* b * t ;
Ar = b * t ;
Aa = Ar /4;
C =(20280/ t ^2) +0.957+( Ar / Aa ) ;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
V = w * R *10^ -3;
siga =2*10^3* m * V ^2/( C * Aa *3) ;
theta =30* %pi /180;
alpha =30* %pi /180;
x1 =10^3* m *( V ^2) /( b * t ) ;
y1 = cos ( theta ) /(3* C * sin ( alpha ) ) ;
z1 =2000* R *10^ -3/( C * t ) *((1/ alpha ) -( cos ( theta ) / sin (
alpha ) ) ) ;
20 sigrr1 = x1 *(1 - y1 + z1 ) ;
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15
16
17
18
19
142
21 theta =0* %pi /180;

22 x2 =10^3* m *( V ^2) /( b * t ) ;
23 y2 = cos ( theta ) /(3* C * sin ( alpha ) ) ;
24 z2 =2000* R *10^ -3/( C * t ) *((1/ alpha ) -( cos ( theta ) / sin (
alpha ) ) ) ;
25 sigrr2 = x2 *(1 - y2 - z2 ) ;
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
printf ( a x i a l s t r e s s i s %0 . 2 f MPa
, siga ) ;
printf ( \n t e n s i l e s t r e s s f o r t h e t a =30 deg i s %0 . 1 f
MPa
, sigrr1 ) ;
printf ( \n t e n s i l e s t r e s s f o r t h e t a =0deg i s %0 . 2 f
MPa
, sigrr2 ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e o f s i g r r 1 and s i g r r 2
i s due t o r o u n d i n g o f f o f v a l u e s .

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7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
// sum 192
clc ;
clear ;
N =350;
theta1 = asin ( sqrt ((3 -0.6) /4) ) ;
theta1 = theta1 *180/ %pi ;
theta2 =(180) - theta1 ;
// Ti =16000+6000 s i n d ( 3 t h e t a ) ;
//To=16000+3600 s i n d ( t h e t a ) ;
a = -3600*( cosd ( theta2 ) - cosd ( theta1 ) ) ;
b =2000*( cosd (3* theta2 ) - cosd (3* theta1 ) ) ;
c=a+b;
delU = c ;
Ks =0.05;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
I = delU /( Ks * w ^2) ;
143
17
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19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
V =25;
Ir = I *0.95;
R=V/w;
Mr = Ir / R ^2;
rho =7150;
t = sqrt ( Mr *(10^6) /(2* %pi * R *2* rho ) ) ;
b =2* t ;
,t ) ;
,b ) ;
printf ( \n R i s %0 . 3 f m
,R ) ;

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7
8
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11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
// sum 193
clc ;
clear ;
N =300;
Ks =0.03;
rho =7150;
Kr =0.9;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
WD =(300*2* %pi ) +(4* %pi *200/4) ;
Tm =400;
delU = %pi *200/16;
Ir = Kr * delU /( w ^2* Ks ) ;
R = Ir /( rho *1.5*0.1*0.1*2* %pi ) ;
R = R ^(1/5) ;
t =0.1* R *1000;
b =1.5* t ;
,t ) ;
,b ) ;
144
21
,R ) ;

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5
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8
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17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
// sum 194
clc ;
clear ;
d =20;
t =12;
Tus =450;
Pmax = %pi * d * t * Tus ;
WD = Pmax * t /2*10^ -3;
n =0.95;
Wi = WD / n ;
delU =5* Wi /6;
N =300;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
Ks =0.2;
I = delU /( Ks * w ^2) ;
Ir = I *0.9;
R =0.5;
m = Ir / R ^2;
rho =7150;
t = sqrt ( m *10^6/( rho *2* %pi * R *2) ) ;
b =2* t ;
,t ) ;
,b ) ;
,R ) ;

145
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7
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10
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12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
// sum 195
clc ;
clear ;
U =(500*2* %pi ) +(3* %pi *500/2) ;
Tm = U /(2* %pi ) ;
delU =2.25* %pi *125/2;
Ks =0.1;
N =250;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
I = delU /( Ks * w ^2) ;
t =0.03;
rho =7800;
R =( I *2/( %pi * rho * t ) ) ^(1/4) ;
V=R*w;
v =0.3;
sigmax = rho * V ^2*(3+ v ) /8*10^ -6;
printf ( R i s %0 . 3 f m
,R ) ;
printf ( \n s i g m a x i s %0 . 2 f MPa
, sigmax ) ;

// sum 196
clc ;
clear ;
N =1.5*8*60;
l =200;
t =1.5/2;
W =350*10^3;
WD =0.15* l * W *10^ -6;
n =0.9; // s i n c e f r i c t i o n a l
o f s y s t e m i s 90%
10 Wi = WD / n ;
11 L =400;
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effect
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i s 10%, e f f c i e n c y
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delU =( L -(0.15* l ) ) /( L ) *10^3* Wi ;

Ks =0.12;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
I = delU /( Ks * w ^2) ;
Ir = I *0.9;
R =0.7;
m = Ir / R ^2;
rho =7150;
t = sqrt ( m *10^6/( rho *2* %pi * R *1.5) ) ;
b =1.5* t ;
,t ) ;
,b ) ;

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// sum 197
clc ;
clear ;
N =144;
// L e t n be no . o f p u n c h e s / min
n =8;
// L e t t be t i m r f o r 1 punch
t =60/ n ;
theta = N /60*2* %pi *0.6;
T =2.1;
U = T * theta ;
// L e t U1 be r e v o l u t i o n o f c r a n k s h a f t i n t s e c
U1 = t * N /60*2* %pi ;
delU =( U1 - theta ) / U1 * U *10^3;
w =2* %pi *1440/60;
Ks =0.1;
I = delU /( Ks * w ^2) ;
Ir = I *0.9;
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rho =7100;
R = Ir /( rho *0.2*0.1*2* %pi ) ;
R = R ^(1/5) ;
t =0.1* R *1000;
b =0.2* R *10^3;
t =40;
b =80;
R =400;
,t ) ;
,b ) ;
printf ( \n R i s %0 . 0 f mm
,R ) ;
148
Chapter 20
FLAT BELT DRIVE
Scilab code Exa 20.1 FBD1

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// sum 201
clc ;
clear ;
b =0.2;
P =50*10^3;
v =20;
m =1.95;
d =0.3;
D =0.9;
C =5.8;
u =0.4;
// L e t d e n s i t y be r h o
rho =1000;
E =40;
// L e t T1T2 = T
T=P/v;
// L e t t h e c e n t r i f u g a l t e n s i o n be Tc
Tc = m * v ^2;
alpha = asind (( D + d ) /(2* C ) ) ;
theta =180+(2* alpha ) ;
theta = theta * %pi /180;
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x = exp ( u * theta ) ;
T2 =(((1 - x ) * Tc ) -T ) /(1 - x ) ;
//T1=T+T2 ;
T1 = T + T2 ;
t = m /( b * rho ) *10^3;
// L e t maximum s t r e s s be s i g m a x
b =200;
d =300;
sigmax =( T1 /( b * t ) +(( E * t ) / d ) ) ;
sigmin =( T2 /( b * t ) ) ;
printf ( T1 i s %0 . 1 f N , T1 ) ;
printf ( \n T2 i s %0 . 1 f N , T2 ) ;
printf ( \n t i s %0 . 2 f mm ,t )
printf ( \n t h e t a i s %0 . 2 f r a d , theta )
printf ( \n s i g m a x i s %0 . 2 f N/mm2 , sigmax ) ;
printf ( \n s i g m i n i s %0 . 3 f N/mm2 , sigmin ) ;
// The a n s w e r f o r T1 i s m i s c a l c u l a t e d i n t h e book .

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// sum 202
clc ;
clear ;
P =12*10^3;
d =0.2;
D =0.5;
C =2;
sigmax =2*10^6;
t =8*10^ -3;
// L e t d e n s i t y be r h o
rho =950;
u =0.38;
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N =1500;
// L e t a n g l e o f c o n t a c t = t h e t a d
thetad =180 -(2* asind (( D - d ) /(2* C ) ) ) ;
thetad = thetad * %pi /180;
thetaD =(2* %pi ) - thetad ;
v =(2* %pi * N * d ) /(60*2) ;
// L e t T1T2=T
T=P/v;
x = exp ( u * thetad ) ;
b =( T * x ) /((1 - x ) * t *(( rho * v ^2) -( sigmax ) ) ) ;
b = b *10^3;
// L e t b r e a d t h o f t h e p u l l e y be b1
b1 = b *10^3+13; // T a b l e 203
L = sqrt ((4* C ^2) -( C *( D - d ) ^2) ) +(( D * thetaD ) +( d * thetad ) )
/2;
27 // L e t p u l l e y crown f o r d=h1 , D=h2
28 h1 =0.6;
// T a b l e 204
29 h2 =1;
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printf ( b i s %0 . 2 f mm ,b )
printf ( \n L i s %0 . 2 f m ,L )
printf ( \n b1 i s %0 . 2 f mm , b1 ) ;
printf ( \n h1 i s %0 . 1 f mm , h1 ) ;
printf ( \n h2 i s %0 . 1 f mm , h2 ) ;

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// sum 203
clc ;
clear ;
P =11;
N =1440;
n =480;
C =2.4;
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// L e t power t r a n s m i t t e dfrom h i g h s p e e d b e l t =P1

P1 =0.0118;
V =5;
Ks =1.2;
v =15;
d = v *10^3*60/(2* %pi * N ) ;
d =0.2;
D=N/n*d;
// L e t a n g l e o f c o n t a c t =t h e t a A
thetaA =180 -(2* asind (( D - d ) /(2* C ) ) ) ;
thetaA = thetaA * %pi /180;
v =(2* %pi * N * d ) /(60*2) ;
// L e t t h e a r c o f c o n t a c t c o r r e c t i o n f a c t o r be Ka
Ka =1.05;
Pd = P * Ka * Ks ;
// L e t c o r r e c t e d l o a d r a t i n g=Pc
Pc = P1 * v / V ;
b = Pd /( Pc *4) ;
thetaB =(2* %pi ) - thetaA ;
L = sqrt ((4* C ^2) -((D - d ) ^2) ) +(( d * thetaA /2) +( D * thetaB )
/2) ;
printf ( v i s %0 . 2 f m/ s ,v )
printf ( \n b i s %0 . 3 f mm ,b )
printf ( \n L i s %0 . 4 f m ,L ) ;

1 // sum 204
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
4 N =1440;
5 i =2.5;
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C =3600;
// l e t l o a d f a c t o r be LF
LF =1.3;
P =12*10^3;
n=N/i;
V =16;
d = V *10^3*60/(2* %pi * N ) ;
d =220;
D=d*i;
V =2* %pi * N * d /(2*60*1000) ;
v =5;
// L e t power t r a n s m i t t e dfrom h i g h s p e e d b e l t =P1
P1 =0.0118;
// L e t LR be t h e l o a d r a t i n g o f b e l t
LR = P1 / v * V ;
theta =180+(2* asind (( D - d ) /(2* C ) ) ) ;
// L e t Arc o f c o n t a c t c o n n e c t i o n f a c t o r be CF
CF =1 -(0.03/2) ;
Pd = P * LF * CF ;
b = Pd /( LR *5) ;
b =80;
L = sqrt ((4* C ^2) -( D + d ) ^2) +( theta *( D + d ) /2) ;
L = L *10^ -3;
printf ( V i s %0 . 1 f m/ s ,V )
printf ( \n L i s %0 . 3 f m ,L ) ;

1 // sum 205
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
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i =3.6;
N =1440;
d =220;
Ks =1.2;
Kf =1.1;
C =5000;
u =0.8;
D=i*d;
// From t a b l e 20 7 , t h e f o l l o w i n g d a t a i s a v a i l a b l e
t =5;
b =120;
Fa =30.64;
// l e t w e i g h t d e n s i t y be w
w =0.106*10^5;
Cp =0.71; // From t a b l e 206
Cv =1;
T1 = Fa * b * t * Cp * Cv ;
m = w * b * t /10^6;
V =2* %pi * N * d /(2*60*1000) ;
Tc = m * V ^2/9.81;
theta =180+(2* asind (( D - d ) /(2* C ) ) ) ;
x = u * theta ;
T2 = Tc +(( T1 - Tc ) / exp ( x ) ) ;
Pd =( T1 - T2 ) * V *10^ -3;
P = Pd /( Ks * Kf ) ;
printf ( V i s %0 . 2 f m/ s ,V ) ;
printf ( \n Pd i s %0 . 2 f KW , Pd ) ;
printf ( \n P i s %0 . 1 f KW ,P ) ;
// The v a l u e o f T2 i s c a l c u l a t e d i n c o r r e c t l y ,
t h e r e f o r e there i s a d i f f e r e n c e in the values
o f Pd and P .
154

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// sum 206
clc ;
clear ;
i =2.5;
C =4500;
N =960;
P =20*10^3;
Ks =1.15;
Kf =1.10;
t =8;
// l e t w e i g h t d e n s i t y be w
w =0.110*10^5;
m = w * t /10^6;
Fa =8.75;
d =200;
D=i*d;
u =0.4;
V =2* %pi * N * d /(2*60*1000) ;
Pd = P * Ks * Kf ;
Cp =1;
Cv =0.6;
// t o f i n d b
T1 = Fa * t * Cp * Cv ;
Tc = m * V ^2/9.81;
theta =180 -(2* asind (( D - d ) /(2* C ) ) ) ;
x = u * theta ;
T2 = Tc +(( T1 - Tc ) / exp ( x ) ) ;
T = Pd / V ;
b = T /( T1 - T2 ) ;
// b =90;
L = sqrt ((4* C ^2) -( D + d ) ^2) +( theta *( D + d ) /2) ;
155
33 L = L *10^ -3;
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printf ( V i s %0 . 2 f m/ s ,V )
37
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printf ( \n L i s %0 . 3 f m ,L ) ;

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// sum 207
clc ;
clear ;
b =160;
t =7;
P =3*10^3;
Ks =1.2;
d =160;
N =1440;
D =480;
C =2400;
w =11200;
u =0.4;
Fa =7.2;
m = w * b * t /10^6;
V =2* %pi * N * d /(2*60*1000) ;
Tc = m * V ^2/9.81;
Cp =0.6; // from t a b l e 206
Cv =0.98; // from t a b l e 207
Ta = Fa * b * Cp * Cv ;
T=P/V;
theta =180 -(2* asind (( D - d ) /(2* C ) ) ) ;
x = u * theta ;
//T2=Tc +((T1Tc ) / exp ( x ) ) ;
T2 =( T +(( exp ( x ) * Tc ) - Tc ) ) /( exp ( x ) -1) ;
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T1 = T + T2 ;
Kf = Ta / T1 ;
Pd = P * Ks * Kf ;
Pd = Pd *10^ -3;
printf ( Tc i s %0 . 0 f N , Tc ) ;
printf ( \n T1 i s %0 . 2 f N , T1 ) ;
printf ( \n T2 i s %0 . 2 f N , T2 ) ;
printf ( \n Kf i s %0 . 2 f , Kf ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n v a l u e s o f T1 and T2 i s due t o
157
Chapter 21
V BELT DRIVE
Scilab code Exa 21.1 VBELT1

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// sum 211
clc ;
clear ;
P1 =12*10^3;
d =0.3;
D =0.9;
C =0.9;
A =230*10^ -6;
// d e n s i t y i s r h o
rho =1100;
N =1500;
//Maximum s t r e s s i s s i g
sig =2.1*10^6;
// s e m i g r o o v e a n g l e i s b
b =20* %pi /180;
u =0.22;
m = rho * A ;
v =2* %pi * N * d /(60*2) ;
Tc = m * v ^2;
T1 = A * sig ;
// wrap a n g l e i s t h e t a A
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ang =( D - d ) /(2* C ) ;
thetaA = %pi /180*(180 -(2* asind ( ang ) ) ) ;
thetaB =((2* %pi ) - thetaA ) ;
x = u * thetaB ;
T2 = Tc +(( T1 - Tc ) / exp ( x ) ) ;
P2 =( T1 - T2 ) * v ;
n = P1 / P2 ;
n =3; // ( r o u n d i n g o f f t o n e a r e s t w h o l e number )
printf ( \n T1 i s %0 . 0 f N , T1 ) ;
printf ( \n T2 i s %0 . 1 f N , T2 ) ;
printf ( \n P2 i s %0 . 0 f W , P2 ) ;
printf ( \n n i s %0 . 0 f ,n ) ;

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// sum 212
clc ;
clear ;
D =0.6;
d =0.3;
C =0.9;
m =0.193;
n =2;
N =1500;
u =0.3;
v =2* %pi * N /60* d /2;
P =150*10^3;
Tc = m * v ^2;
// l e t T1T2=T
T = P /( n * v ) ;
thetaA = %pi /180*(180 -(2* asind (( D - d ) /(2* C ) ) ) ) ;
159
// Groove a n g l e=b
b =17.5* %pi /180;
x = u * thetaA / sin ( b ) ;
y = exp ( x ) ;
c =( Tc *(1 - y ) ) ;
T2 =( T +( Tc *(1 - y ) ) ) /( y -1) ;
//T2=(Ty ) /Tc ;
T1 = T + Tc ;
Lp =2* sqrt (( C ^2) -((D - d ) /2) ^2) +( thetaA * d /2) +( thetaB * D
/2) ;
27 v = sqrt ( T /(3* m ) ) ;
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printf ( \n T1 i s %0 . 0 f N , T1 ) ;
printf ( \n T2 i s %0 . 2 f N , T2 ) ;
printf ( \n Lp i s %0 . 3 f m , Lp ) ;
printf ( \n v i s %0 . 2 f m/ s ,v ) ;
printf ( \ nThe d e s i g n a t i o n o f t h e b e l t i s B325145
);
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n v a l u e s o f T1 and T2 i s due t o

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// sum 213
clc ;
clear ;
C =1;
m =0.35;
d =0.25;
P =22*10^3;
// L e t t h e s m a l l e r p u l l e y d i a be n
// L e t t h e l a r g e r p u l l e y d i a be N
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n =1000;
N =400;
D=d*n/N;
v =2* %pi * n * d /(60*2) ;
Tc = m * v ^2;
topwidth =22;
h =14;
bottomwidth = topwidth -(2* h * tand (20) ) ;
A =( topwidth + bottomwidth ) /2* h ;
// l e t a l l o w a b l e t e n s i o n be Ta
Ta =2.2;
T1 = A * Ta ;
u =0.28;
thetaA = %pi /180*(180 -(2* asind (( D - d ) /(2* C ) ) ) ) ;
// Groove a n g l e=b=19
b =19* %pi /180;
x = u * thetaA / sin ( b ) ;
T2 = Tc +(( T1 - Tc ) / exp ( x ) ) ;
n = P /(( T1 - T2 ) * v ) ;
Lp =2* sqrt (( C ^2) -((D - d ) /2) ^2) +( thetaA * d /2) +( thetaB * D
/2) ;
printf ( \n T1 i s %0 . 1 f N , T1 ) ;
printf ( \n T2 i s %0 . 1 f N , T2 ) ;
printf ( \n n i s %0 . 1 f ,n ) ;
printf ( \n Lp i s %0 . 3 f m , Lp ) ;
printf ( \ nThe d e s i g n a t i o n o f t h e b e l t i s C341447
);
// d i f f e r e n c e i n v a l u e o f Lp i s due t o r o u n d i n g o f f
t h e v a l u e s o f t h e t a A and t h e t a B .
161

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// sum 214
clc ;
clear ;
P =12*10^3;
Ks =1.1;
Pd =12*10^3* Ks ;
N =1440;
B =17;
t =11;
d =200;
i =3;
D=i*d;
C =1000;
// s i n c e a n g l e o f c o n t a c t t h e t a i s v e r y s m a l l
theta =( D - d ) / C ;
Kc =0.8;
Lp =(2* C ) +( %pi /2*( D + d ) ) +((( D - d ) ^2) /(4* C ) ) ;
Li = Lp -45;
Ki =1.1;
// l e t number o f vb e l t s r e q u i r e d = n
// l e t t h e KW r a t i n g be KWR
KWR =5.23;
n =( P * Ks ) /( KWR * Ks * Ki *10^3) ;
n =3;
printf ( D i s %0 . 1 f mm ,D ) ;
printf ( \n C i s %0 . 1 f mm ,C ) ;
printf ( \n n i s %0 . 3 f ,n ) ;
printf ( \n L i i s %0 . 0 f mm , Li )

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// sum 215
clc ;
clear ;
N =800;
P =20;
i =2.5;
Ks =1.5; // ( from t a b l e f o r 35 h r s / day )
Pd = P * Ks ;
d =250;
D=i*d;
C =1.6* D ;
Lp =(2* C ) +( %pi *( D + d ) /2) +(( D - d ) ^2) /(4* C ) ;
Li = Lp +74;
Listd =3454;
Lp = Listd +74;
p =[1 -1.0768 0.0175];
function r = myroots ( p )
a = coeff ( p ,0) ;
b = coeff ( p ,1) ;
c = coeff ( p ,2) ;
r (1) =( -b + sqrt ( b ^2 -4* a * c ) ) /(2* a ) ;
r (2) =( -b - sqrt ( b ^2 -4* a * c ) ) /(2* a ) ;
endfunction
z = roots ( p ) ;
KW =9.4;
Kc =0.795;
K1 =1;
n = Pd /( KW * Kc * K1 ) ;
printf ( C i s %0 . 4 f m ,z ) ;
printf ( \n n i s %0 . 2 f KW ,n ) ;
163
Chapter 22
FRICTION CLUTCHES
Scilab code Exa 22.1 FC221

// 221
clc ;
clear ;
u =0.28 // ( c o e f f i c i e n t o f f r i c t i o n )
N =300 // ( E n g i n e rpm )
I =7.2
Pmax = 0.1;
R1 =70;
R2 =110;
n =2; // ( Both s i d e s o f t h e p l a t e a r e e f f e c t i v e )
// U s i n g Uniform Wear Theory
// A x i a l F o r c e W
W = n * %pi * Pmax * R1 *( R2 - R1 ) ;
// F r i c t i o n a l Torque Tf
Tf = u * W *( R1 + R2 ) /2*(10^ -3) ;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
// Power P
P = Tf * w ;
// Torque = Mass moment o f i n e r t i a a n g u l a r
acceleration
20 a = Tf / I ;
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164
21 t = w / a ;
22 // A n g l e t u r n e d by d r i v i n g
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s h a f t t h e t a 1 t h r o u g h which
slipping takes place
theta1 = w * t ;
// a n g l e t u r n e d by d r i v e n s h a f t t h e t a 2
theta2 = a *( t ^2) /2;
E = Tf *( theta1 - theta2 ) ;
// p r i n t i n g
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
2 ,a ) ;
33 printf ( \ nThe
34 printf ( \ nThe
35
36
d a t a i n s c i l a b o /p window
f o r c e i s %0 . 1 f N ,W ) ;
Torque i s %0 . 2 f Nm , Tf ) ;
Power i s %0 . 0 f W ,P ) ;
a n g u l a r a c c e l e r a t i o n i s %0 . 2 f r a d / s e c
t i m e t a k e n i s %0 . 1 f s e c ,t ) ;
e n e r g y i s %0 . 2 f Nm ,E ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e a n s w e r o f e n e r g y E i s due
to rounding o f f o f v a l u e s .

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// 222
clc ;
clear ;
// Power P
P =80*10^3; // ( Watt )
N =3000; // ( E n g i n e rpm )
w =2* %pi *3*10^3/60
Tf =8*10^4/ w ;
Rm =100; // (mm)
p =0.2 //N/mm2
u =0.22
// l e t w i d t h b= ( R1R2 ) .
// A x i a l f o r c e W=2 p i Rmbp
165
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48
// Torque T=uWRm
b = Tf /( u *2* %pi *( Rm ^2) * p ) ;
b =50;
R2 = Rm + b ;
R1 = Rm - b ;
Di =2* R1 ; // i n n e r d i a m e t e r
W =2* %pi * Rm * b * p ;
n =8; // n i s number o f s p r i n g s
// A x i a l f o r c e p e r s p r i n g W1
W1 = W / n ;
W1 = W1 +15;
// a x i a l d e f l e c t i o n d e l
del =10;
// s t i f f n e s s k
k = W1 / del ;
// S p r i n g i n d e x C
C =6;
// number o f c o i l s n1
n1 =6; // Assumption
d = k * n * n1 *( C ^3) /(80*10^3) ;
d =11; // Rounding o f f t o n e a r e s t s t a n d a r d v a l u e
D=C*d;
clearance =2;
FL =(( n1 +2) * d ) +(2* del ) + clearance ; // two end c o i l s ,
t h e r e f o r e (2 del )
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
;
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
w i d t h i s %0 . 0 f mm ,b ) ;
f o r c e i s %0 . 0 f N ,W ) ;
A x i a l f o r c e p e r s p r i n g i s %0 . 0 f N , W1 )
S p r i n g s t i f f n e s s i s %0 . 0 f N/mm ,k ) ;
S p r i n g w i r e d i a m e t e r i s %0 . 0 f mm ,d ) ;
Mean c o i l d i a m e t e r i s %0 . 0 f mm ,D ) ;
F r e e l e n g t h i s %0 . 0 f mm , FL ) ;
166

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// 223
clc ;
clear ;
// Power P
P =40*10^3 // Watt
n1 =100; // rpm
n2 =400; // rpm
// Speed f a c t o r Ks
Ks =0.9+0.001* n2 ;
// C l u t c h power Pc
Pc = P * n2 /( n1 * Ks ) *10^ -3;
printf ( \ nThe Speed f a c t o r i s %0 . 1 f , Ks ) ;
printf ( \ nThe c l u t c h p o w e r i s %0 . 0 f KW , Pc ) ;

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// 224
clc ;
clear ;
// p l o t Torque v s Ro/ Ri
// x=Ro/ Ri
// A c c o r d i n g t o Uniform Wear t h e o r y
x =[0 0.2 0.4 0.577 0.6 0.8 1.0];
n = length ( x ) ;
for i =1: n
Tf ( i ) =( x ( i ) -( x ( i ) ^3) ) ;
167
Figure 22.1: FC224

11 end
12 plot (x , Tf ) ;
13 xtitle ( , Ro/ Ri ) ;
14 ylabel ( Tf ) ;
15 xgrid (2) ;

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// 225
clc ;
clear ;
n1 =4;
n2 =3;
n =( n1 + n2 -1) ;
R2 =80;
R1 =50;
168
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22
23
// A c c o r d i n g t o Uniform P r e s s u r e Theory
//W=p p i ( ( R2 2 ) (R1 2 ) ) T=n 2 uW ( ( R2 3 ) (R1 3 ) )
/ ( ( ( R2 2 ) (R1 2 ) ) 3 )
P =15*10^3;
N =1400;
u =0.25;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
T=P/w;
W = T *3*(( R2 ^2) -( R1 ^2) ) /( n *2* u *(( R2 ^3) -( R1 ^3) ) ) *10^3;
p = W /( %pi *(( R2 ^2) -( R1 ^2) ) ) ;
// p r i n t i n g
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
a n g u l a r s p e e d i s %0 . 2 f r a d / s e c ,w ) ;
Torque i s %0 . 3 f Nm ,T ) ;
u n i f o r m p r e s s u r e i s %0 . 3 f N/mm2 ,p ) ;
F o r c e i s %0 . 1 f N ,W ) ;

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15
16
//FRICTION CLUTCHES
// PAGE 5 8 4 , 226
clc ;
P =5*10^3;
N =1000;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
Rm =50;
pm =0.3;
Tf = P / w ;
u =0.1;
R2 =50*2/(0.6+1) ;
R1 =0.6* R2 ;
// A c c o r d i n g t o u n i f o r m Wear t h e o r y
W = pm * Rm *( R2 - R1 ) *2* %pi ;
n = Tf *(10^3) /( u * W * Rm ) ;
pmax = pm * Rm / R1 ;
169
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18
19
20
21
22
23
// p r i n t i n g
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
,n ) ;
24 printf ( \ nThe
I n n e r r a d i u s i s %0 . 1 f mm , R1 ) ;
Outer r a d i u s i s %0 . 1 f mm , R2 ) ;
number o f c o n t a c t i n g s u r f a c e s i s %0 . 0 f
max . p r e s s u r e i s %0 . 1 f N/mm2 , pmax ) ;

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22
23
// 227
clc ;
clear ;
P =12*10^3;
N =750 // Speed=N
w =2* %pi * N /60;
Tf = P / w ;
p1 =0.12;
a =12.5; // Semic o n e a n g l e
u =0.3;
k = u *0.18246*1.121/0.21644;
R1 =( Tf *(10^3) / k ) ^(1/3) ;
R2 = R1 *1.242;
Rm =1.121* R1 ;
W =2* %pi * p1 * R1 *( R2 - R1 ) ;
// p r i n t i n g
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
d a t a i n s c i l a b o / p window
mean r a d i u s i s %0 . 2 f mm , Rm ) ;
a x i a l f o r c e i s %0 . 0 f N ,W ) ;
170
24
25
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e a n s w e r i s due t o r o u n d i n g
off of values .

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21
22
23
// 228
clc ;
clear ;
// semi c o n e a n g l e i s g i v e n a s 15 d e g r e e
k = sin (15* %pi /180) ;
u =0.3;
W =300;
Rm =90/2;
Tf = u * W * Rm / k ;
Tf = Tf *(10^ -3) ;
I =0.4;
a = Tf / I ;
N =1440;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
t=w/a;
// D u r i n g S l i p p i n g
theta1 = w * t ;
theta2 = theta1 /2;
U = Tf *( theta1 - theta2 ) ;
// p r i n t i n g
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
2 ,a ) ;
24 printf ( \ nThe
25 printf ( \ nThe
26 printf ( \ nThe
);
a n g u l a r a c c e l e r a t i o n i s %0 . 3 f r a d / s e c
t i m e t a k e n i s %0 . 2 f s e c ,t ) ;
Energy l o s t i n f r i c t i o n i s %0 . 0 f Nm ,U
171

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24
// 229
clc ;
clear ;
P =15*10^3;
Ka =1.25;
N =1500;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
Tf = P / w ;
d =( Tf *16/(50* %pi ) ) ^(1/3) ;
d =25;
Rm =5* d ;
Pav =0.12;
u =0.22;
b = Tf /( %pi * u * Pav *( Rm ^2) ) ;
b =40;
R1 = Rm -( b * sin (15* %pi /180) /2) ;
R2 = Rm +( b * sin (15* %pi /180) /2) ;
// p r i n t i n g
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
s h a f t d i a m e t e r i s %0 . 0 f mm ,d ) ;
w i d t h i s %0 . 0 f mm ,b ) ;

1 // 22 10
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
172
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7
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25
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28
w2 =2* %pi *1400/60;

w1 =0.8* w2 ;
P =40*10^3;
T = P / w2 ;
n =4;
T1 = T /4;
R =0.16; // I n n e r r a d i u s o f drum
r =0.13; // r a d i a l d i s t a n c e o f e a c h s h o e from a x i s o f
rotation
u =0.22; // c o e f f i c i e n t o f f r i c t i o n
x = u * r * R *(( w2 ^2) -( w1 ^2) )
m = T1 / x ;
l = R * %pi /3;
N = T1 /( R * u ) ;
p =1*10^5;
b = N /( p * l ) *10^3;
// p r i n t i n g
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
;
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
printf ( \ nThe
l);
printf ( \ nThe
f u l l s p e e d i s %0 . 1 f r a d / s e c , w2 ) ;
e n g a g e m e n t s p e e d i s %0 . 2 f r a d / s e c , w1 )
number o f s h o e s i s %0 . 0 f ,n ) ;
Torque i s %0 . 1 f Nm ,T ) ;
Torque p e r s h o e i s %0 . 1 f Nm , T1 ) ;
mass p e r s h o e i s %0 . 2 f kg ,m ) ;
l e n g t h o f f r i c t i o n l i n i n g i s %0 . 5 f m ,
w i d t h i s %0 . 1 f mm ,b ) ;
173
Chapter 23
BRAKES
Scilab code Exa 23.1 B23 1

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21
// sum 231
clc ;
clear ;
W =20 e3 ;
m = W /9.81;
// d i a m e t e r o f b r a k e drum
Db =0.6;
p =1;
Vi =1;
Vf =0;
D =1;
R =0.5;
wi = Vi / R ;
wf =0;
w =1;
Vav =0.5;
S =2;
t = S / Vav ;
// a n g l e t u r n e d by by h o i s t drum=t h e t a
theta =0.5* wi * t ;
K . E =0.5* m * Vi ^2;
174
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42
43
P . E =2* W ;
T.E=K.E+P.E;
T = T . E / theta ;
P = wi * T *10^ -3;
Rb = Db /2;
Ft =0.5* T * p / Rb ;
u =0.35;
N = Ft / u ;
// c o n t a c t a r e a o f b r a k e l i n i n g =A
A=N/p;
b =0.3* Db ;
L = A *10^ -6/( b ) ;
// a n g l e s u b t e n d e d a t b r a k e drum c e n t r e=t h e t a 2
theta2 =2*( asin ( L / Db ) ) ;
theta2 = theta2 *180/ %pi ; // c o n v e r t i n g r a d i a n t o
degree
printf ( T i s %0 . 1 f Nm ,T ) ;
printf ( \n P i s %0 . 4 f kW ,P ) ;
printf ( \n b i s %0 . 2 f m ,b ) ;
printf ( \n L i s %0 . 3 f m ,L ) ;
printf ( \n t h e t a 2 i s %0 . 0 f deg , theta2 ) ;

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9
// sum 232
clc ;
clear ;
b =80;
t =2;
theta =225* %pi /180;
u =0.22;
// F1/F2=e ( u t h e t a )
// l e t F1/F2=x ;
175
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28
x = exp ( u * theta ) ;
//maximum t e n s i l e s t r e s s i n s t e e l t a p e i s s i g a
siga =60;
A=b*t;
F1 = siga * A ;
F2 = F1 / x ;
r =0.2;
T =( F1 - F2 ) * r ;
OA =30;
OB =100;
OC =350;
P =(( F2 * OB ) +( F1 * OA ) ) / OC ;
OA = F2 * OB / F1 ;
printf ( F1 i s %0 . 0 f N , F1 ) ;
printf ( \n F2 i s %0 . 1 f N , F2 ) ;
printf ( \n T i s %0 . 2 f Nm ,T ) ;
printf ( \n OA i s %0 . 2 f mm , OA ) ;

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12
13
// sum 233
clc ;
clear ;
theta = %pi /3;
r =160;
u =0.3;
pmax =0.9;
b =40;
R =(4* r * sin ( theta ) ) /((2* theta ) + sin (2* theta ) ) ;
// f r i c t i o n a l t o r q u e i s T
T =2* u * pmax * b *( r ^2) * sin ( theta ) ;
T =2* T *10^ -3;
Rx =0.5* pmax * b * r *((2* theta ) +( sin (2* theta ) ) ) *10^ -3;
176
14 Ry = u * Rx ;
15
16
17
printf ( T i s %0 . 2 f Nmm ,T ) ;
18
printf ( \n R i s %0 . 3 f mm ,R ) ;
19
printf ( \n Rx i s %0 . 3 f kN , Rx ) ;
20
printf ( \n Ry i s %0 . 2 f kN , Ry ) ;

// sum 234
clc ;
clear ;
d =320;
r = d /2;
b =50;
u =0.3;
pmax =1;
c =115*2;
// From t o f i g . 23 9 , d i s t a n c e OA=R i s c a l c u l a t e d .
R = sqrt (115^2+66.4^2) ;
C =115*2;
theta1 =0;
theta2 =120* %pi /180;
theta0 =120* %pi /180;
thetamax = %pi /2;
Tr = u * pmax * b * r ^2*( cos ( theta1 ) - cos ( theta2 ) ) / sin (
thetamax ) *10^ -3;
18 // t h e n o t a t i o n r i s u s e d f o r moments o f r i g h t hand
shoe , s i m i l a r l y l f o r the l e f t shoe .
19 Mfr = u * pmax * b * r *(4* r *( cos ( theta1 ) - cos ( theta2 ) ) +( R *(
cos (2* theta1 ) - cos (2* theta2 ) ) ) ) /(4* sin ( thetamax ) )
*10^ -3;
20 Mpr = pmax * b * r * R *((2* theta0 ) -( sin (2* theta2 ) -( sin (
theta1 ) ) ) ) /(4* sin ( thetamax ) ) *10^ -3;
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40
41
F =( Mpr - Mfr ) / c *10^3;

// Mpl+Mfl=F c ;
x = F * c *10^ -3;
y =( Mpr / pmax ) +( Mfr / pmax ) ;
pmax2 = x / y ;
Tl = pmax2 * Tr ;
Mpl = pmax2 * Mpr ;
Mfl = pmax2 * Mfr ;
T = Tl + Tr ;
printf ( Tr i s %0 . 0 f Nm , Tr ) ;
printf ( \n Mf i s %0 . 2 f Nm , Mfr ) ;
printf ( \n Mp i s %0 . 2 f Nm , Mpr ) ;
printf ( \n Tl i s %0 . 1 f Nm , Tl ) ;
printf ( \n Mfl i s %0 . 2 f Nm , Mfl ) ;
printf ( \n Mpl i s %0 . 2 f Nm , Mpl ) ;
printf ( \n F i s %0 . 1 f N ,F ) ;
printf ( \n T i s %0 . 1 f Nm ,T ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e a n s w e r s a r e due t o

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// sum 235
clc ;
clear ;
m =1100;
V =65*5/18;
t =4;
r =0.22;
mb =12;
C =460;
S =0.5* V * t ;
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25
// T o t a l k i n e t i c e n e r g y TE=K . E( v e h i c l e )+K. E( r o t a t i n g
parts ) .
TE =((0.5* m *( V ^2) ) +(0.1*0.5* m *( V ^2) ) ) ;
E = TE /4;
w=V/r;
theta = S / r ;
T = E / theta ;
delT = E /( mb * C ) ;
printf ( S i s %0 . 2 f m ,S ) ;
printf ( \n E i s %0 . 2 f Nm ,E ) ;
printf ( \n T i s %0 . 2 f Nm ,T ) ;
printf ( \n d e l T i s %0 . 2 f , delT ) ;
off of values .

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// sum 236
clc ;
clear ;
T =35000;
u =0.4;
p =0.7;
r =200;
N = T /( u * r )
b = sqrt ( N / p ) ;
l=b;
// 2 t h e t a = t h e t a 2
theta2 =2* asin ( l /(2* r ) ) ;
F=u*N;
P =((250* N ) -( u * N *80) ) /550;
Ry =N - P ;
179
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29
Rx = u * N ;
R = sqrt ( Rx ^2+ Ry ^2) ;
w =2* %pi *100/60;
// Rate o f h e a t g e n e r a t e d i s Q
Q = u * N * w * r /1000;
printf ( N i s %0 . 1 f N ,N ) ;
printf ( \n b i s %0 . 0 f mm ,b ) ;
printf ( \n P i s %0 . 1 f N ,P ) ;
printf ( \n R i s %0 . 2 f N ,R ) ;
printf ( \n Q i s %0 . 2 f J / s ,Q ) ;
// The a n s w e r t o Rate o f h e a t g e n e r a t e d Q i s
c a l c u l a t e d i n c o r r e c t l y i n t h e book .

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// sum 237
clc ;
clear ;
Vi =20*5/18;
Vf =0;
m =80;
pmax =1;
u =0.1;
S =50;
KE =0.5* m * Vi ^2;
N = KE /( u * S *2) ;
t = sqrt ( N /( pmax *3) ) ;
b =3* t ;
printf ( KE i s %0 . 1 f Nm , KE ) ;
printf ( \n N i s %0 . 2 f N ,N ) ;
180
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20
21
printf ( \n t i s %0 . 1 f mm ,t ) ;
printf ( \n b i s %0 . 1 f mm ,b ) ;
off of values .
181
Chapter 24
ROPE DRIVE
Scilab code Exa 24.1 RD1

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// sum 241
clc ;
clear ;
P =150000;
m =0.4;
D =1.8;
d =0.6;
C =4.2;
V =15;
Fc = m * V ^2;
BL =44.81*10^3;
FOS =35;
F1 = BL / FOS ;
theta = %pi -(2* asin (( D - d ) /(2* C ) ) ) ;
beta =22.5* %pi /180;
u =0.13;
x = u * theta / sin ( beta ) ;
F2 =( F1 - Fc ) / exp ( x ) ;
n = P /(( F1 - F2 ) * V ) ;
n =13;
182
22
23
,n ) ;

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// sum 242
clc ;
clear ;
W =1000;
m =0.498;
BL =78;
d =12;
Am =0.39* d ^2;
dw = sqrt ( Am *4/(6*19* %pi ) ) ;
Ew =74.4*10^3;
Ds =56* d ;
sigb = Ew * dw / Ds ;
Wb = sigb * %pi *( d ^2) /4*10^ -3;
l =20;
Ws = m * l ;
a =1.2;
Wa = a *( W /2+ Ws ) *10^ -3;
// L e t t h e s t a t i c l o a d be Ps
Ps =( W /2+ Ws ) *9.81*10^ -3;
// l e t t h e e f f e c t i v e l o a d be P e f f
Peff = Ps + Wb + Wa ;
FOS1 = BL / Peff ;
FOS2 = BL /(5+0.612) ;
printf ( a n n u a l FOS i s %0 . 2 f
, FOS1 ) ;
printf ( \n FOS n e g l e c t i n g b e n d i n g l o a d i s %0 . 1 f
, FOS2 ) ;
183

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11
12
// sum 243
clc ;
clear ;
d =12;
sigut =1960;
Pb =0.0025* sigut ;
Ds =480;
F = Pb * d * Ds /2;
W = F *2*10^ -3;
printf ( W i s %0 . 3 f kN
,W ) ;

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14
15
// sum 244
clc ;
clear ;
sigut =1770;
Pb =0.0018* sigut ;
W =4000;
a =2.5/2;
Ws =90*0.5;
Wa =( W + Ws ) * a /9.81;
Weff = W + Wa ;
d = sqrt ( Weff *2/(23* Pb ) ) ;
d =12;
,d ) ;
184
185
Chapter 25
GEARS
Scilab code Exa 25.1 G1

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// sum 251
clc ;
clear ;
Zp =25;
Zg =60;
m =5;
dp = m * Zp ;
dg = m * Zg ;
CD =( dp + dg ) /2;
ha = m ;
hf =1.25* m ;
c = hf - ha ;
r =0.4* m ;
printf ( dp i s %0 . 0 f mm , dp ) ;
printf ( \n dg i s %0 . 0 f mm , dg ) ;
, CD ) ;
printf ( \n ha i s %0 . 0 f mm
, ha ) ;
printf ( \n h f i s %0 . 2 f mm
, hf ) ;
printf ( \n c i s %0 . 2 f mm
,c ) ;
186
22
printf ( \n r i s %0 . 0 f mm
,r ) ;

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29
30
// sum 252
clc ;
clear ;
N =800;
P =6000;
n =200;
Cs =1.4;
sigb =150;
FOS =2;
Zp =18;
Zg = Zp * N / n ;
Y = %pi *(0.154 -(0.912/ Zp ) ) ;
p =[1 0 -9.5846 -38.135];
function r = myroots ( p )
a = coeff ( p ,0) ;
b = coeff ( p ,1) ;
c = coeff ( p ,2) ;
d = coeff (p , 3) ;
r (1) =( -b + sqrt ( b ^2 -4* a * c ) ) /(2* a ) ;
r (2) =( -b - sqrt ( b ^2 -4* a * c ) ) /(2* a ) ;
endfunction
m = roots ( p ) ;
m =4.5;
dp = m * Zp ;
dg = m * Zg ;
printf ( dp i s %0 . 0 f mm , dp ) ;
printf ( \n dg i s %0 . 0 f mm , dg ) ;
187

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29
30
31
32
// sum 253
clc ;
clear ;
Zp =30;
N =1000;
Zg =75;
m =5;
b =60;
sigut =450;
BHN =350;
Cs =1.5;
FOS =2;
dp = m * Zp ;
dg = m * Zg ;
v =2* %pi * N * dp /(60*1000*2) ;
Cv =3/(3+ v ) ;
sigb =450/3;
Y =0.358;
Sb = m * b * sigb * Y ;
Q =(2* Zg ) /( Zp + Zg ) ;
K =0.16*( BHN /100) ^2;
Sw = b * dp * Q * K ;
Pt = Sb * Cv /( Cs * FOS ) ;
P = Pt * v ;
P = P *10^ -3;
printf ( Sb i s %0 . 0 f N
, Sb ) ;
printf ( \n Sw i s %0 . 0 f N , Sw ) ;
printf ( \n P i s %0 . 3 f kW ,P ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e o f Sw i s due t o
188
r o u n d i n g o f f o f t h e v a l u e o f Q.

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27
28
29
30
31
// sum 254
clc ;
clear ;
n =240;
P =8000;
N =1200;
CD =300;
Cs =1.5;
alpha =20* %pi /180;
G=N/n;
dp = CD *2/6;
dg =5* dp ;
v =2* %pi * N * dp /(60*1000*2) ;
Cv =3/(3+ v ) ;
Pt = P / v ;
Peff = Pt * Cs / Cv ;
m =4;
b =10* m ;
FOS =2;
Sb = Peff * FOS ;
sigut =600;
sigb = sigut /3;
Zp = dp / m ;
Zg = dg / m ;
Q =(2* Zg ) /( Zp + Zg ) ;
K = Sb /( b * dp * Q ) ;
BHN = sqrt ( K /0.16) *100;
BHN =333;
printf ( BHN i s %0 . 0 f
, BHN ) ;
189

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10
11
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23
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28
29
30
31
32
// sum 255
clc ;
clear ;
alpha =20* %pi /180;
N =800;
P =6000;
sigut =450;
i =5;
Cs =1.3;
v =3.6;
FOS =2;
Pt = P / v ;
Cv =3/(3+ v ) ;
sigb = sigut /3;
dp =3.6*1000*2*60/(2* %pi * N ) ;
dp =86;
Sb = Pt * Cs / Cv * FOS ;
// L e t x be m2Y
x = Sb /(10* sigb ) ;
m =5;
Zp =18;
dp = m * Zp ;
Zg = i * Zp ;
dg = m * Zg ;
b =10* m ;
phip = m +(0.25* sqrt ( dp ) ) ;
ep =32+(2.5* phip ) ;
phig = m +(0.25* sqrt ( dg ) ) ;
eg =32+(2.5* phig ) ;
e = ep + eg ;
e = e *10^ -3;
Ps = Cs * Pt ;
190
33
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36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
r1 = dp /2;
r2 = dg /2;
Pd = e * N * Zp * b * r1 * r2 /(2530* sqrt ( r1 ^2+ r2 ^2) ) ;
Q =(2* Zg ) /( Zp + Zg ) ;
K = Sb /( b * dp * Q ) ;
BHN = sqrt ( K /0.16) *100;
printf ( Ps i s %0 . 2 f N
, Ps ) ;
printf ( \n Pd i s %0 . 1 f N
, Pd ) ;
printf ( \n BHN i s %0 . 0 f
, BHN ) ;

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18
19
20
21
// sum 254
clc ;
clear ;
P =9000;
N =900;
n =150;
sigut =750;
BHN =300;
Cs =1.5;
FOS =2;
i=N/n;
x = sqrt ( i ) ;
Zp =18;
Zg = x * Zp ;
Zg =44;
// L e t a c t u a l s p e e d r e d u c t i o n be xa
xa = Zg / Zp ;
n1 = N / xa ^2;
T1 = P *60/(2* %pi * N ) ;
i2 = N / xa ;
T2 = N / i2 * T1 ;
191
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23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
m =6;
dp = Zp * m ;
dg = m * Zg ;
phip = m +(0.25* sqrt ( dp ) ) ;
ep =16+(1.25* phip ) ;
phig = m +(0.25* sqrt ( dg ) ) ;
eg =16+(1.25* phig ) ;
e = ep + eg ;
e = e *10^ -3;
Pt =26000;
Ps = Cs * Pt ;
r1 = dp /2;
r2 = dg /2;
b =10* m ;
Pd = e * i2 * Zp * b * r1 * r2 /(2530* sqrt ( r1 ^2+ r2 ^2) ) ;
Q =(2* Zg ) /( Zp + Zg ) ;
sigb = sigut /3;
Y =0.308;
Sb = b * m * sigb * Y ;
K =0.16*( BHN /100) ^2;
Sw = b * dp * K * Q ;
printf ( m i s %0 . 0 f mm
,m ) ;
printf ( \n Pd i s %0 . 3 f N
, Pd ) ;
printf ( \n Sw i s %0 . 0 f N
, Sw ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e s i s due t o r o u n d i n g
o f f of the values .
192
Chapter 26
HELICAL GEARS
Scilab code Exa 26.1 HG1

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18
19
20
21
// sum 261
clc ;
clear ;
Zp =20;
Zg =50;
alphan =20* %pi /180;
phi =15* %pi /180;
mn =4;
m = mn / cos ( phi ) ;
alpha =180/ %pi * atan ( tan ( alphan ) /( cos ( phi ) ) ) ;
dp = Zp * m ;
dg = Zg * m ;
ha =4;
hd =1.25* mn ;
// L e t addendum c i r c l e d i a o f p i n i o n be Pa
Pa = dp +(2* mn ) ;
// L e t dedendum c i r c l e d i a o f p i n i o n be Pd
Pd = dp -(2.5* mn ) ;
// L e t addendum c i r c l e d i a o f g e a r be Ga
Ga = dg +(2* mn ) ;
// L e t dedendum c i r c l e d i a o f g e a r be Gd
193
22 Gd = dg -(2.5* mn ) ;
23 b = %pi * mn / sin ( phi ) ;
24
25
26
printf ( m i s %0 . 2 f mm ,m ) ;
27
printf ( \n a l p h a i s %0 . 3 f deg , alpha ) ;
28
printf ( \n Pa i s %0 . 1 f mm
, Pa ) ;
29
printf ( \n Pd i s %0 . 1 f mm
, Pd ) ;
30
printf ( \n Ga i s %0 . 0 f mm
, Ga ) ;
31
printf ( \n Gd i s %0 . 0 f mm
, Gd ) ;
32
,b ) ;

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18
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20
21
// sum 262
clc ;
clear ;
P =5000;
Zp =25;
Zg =50;
mn =4;
alphan =20* %pi /180;
phi =20* %pi /180;
N =1200;
m = mn / cos ( phi ) ;
dp = Zp * m ;
dg = Zg * m ;
v =2* %pi * N * dp /(60*2*1000) ;
Pt = P / v ;
Pa = Pt * tan ( phi ) ;
Pr = Pt * tan ( alphan ) / cos ( phi ) ;
printf ( Pt i s %0 . 2 f N
, Pt ) ;
printf ( \n Pa i s %0 . 1 f N , Pa ) ;
194
22
printf ( \n Pr i s %0 . 2 f N
, Pr ) ;

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30
31
// sum 263
clc ;
clear ;
Zp =24;
Zg =72;
alphan =20* %pi /180;
phi =24* %pi /180;
N =720;
mn =5;
b =50;
sigut =600;
BHN =360;
Cs =1.4;
FOS =2;
sigb = sigut /3;
dp = mn * Zp / cos ( phi ) ;
Zp = Zp /( cos ( phi ) ) ^3;
Zg = Zg /( cos ( phi ) ) ^3;
Y =0.358+((0.364 -0.358) *1.48/2) ;
Sb = b * mn * sigb * Y ;
Q =(2* Zg ) /( Zp + Zg ) ;
K =0.16*( BHN /100) ^2;
Sw = b * dp * Q * K /( cos ( phi ) ^2) ;
v =2* %pi * N * dp /(60*2*1000) ;
Cv =5.6/(5.6+ sqrt ( v ) ) ;
Peff = Sb / FOS ;
Pt = Peff * Cv / Cs ;
P = Pt * v ;
P = P *10^ -3;
195
32
33
34
printf ( P i s %0 . 3 f kW
,P ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e i s due t o r o u n d i n g o f f
of the values .

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5
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20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
// sum 264
clc ;
clear ;
Zp =25;
Zg =100;
P =5000;
N =2000;
alphan =20* %pi /180;
phi =15* %pi /180;
sigut =660;
Cs =1.5;
FOS =1.8;
v =10;
Zp1 = Zp /( cos ( phi ) ) ^3;
Zg1 = Zg /( cos ( phi ) ) ^3;
Y =0.348+(0.74*0.004) ;
sigb = sigut /3;
Cv =5.6/(5.6+ sqrt ( v ) ) ;
// Sb=FOS P e f f
mn = FOS * P * Cs *60*1000*2* cos ( phi ) /(2* %pi * N * Cv * Zp *12*
sigb * Y ) ;
mn = mn ^(1/3) ;
mn =2.5;
dp = mn * Zp / cos ( phi ) ;
Q =(2* Zg ) /( Zp + Zg ) ;
b =12* mn ;
Sb =12* sigb * Y ;
K = Sb *( cos ( phi ) ^2) /( dp * Q * b ) ;
196
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29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
BHN = sqrt ( K /0.16) *100;

dg = mn * Zg / cos ( phi ) ;
phip = mn +(0.25* sqrt ( dp ) ) ;
ep =16+(1.25* phip ) ;
phig = mn +(0.25* sqrt ( dg ) ) ;
eg =16+(1.25* phig ) ;
e = ep + eg ;
e = e *10^ -3;
r1 = dp /2;
r2 = dg /2;
Pd = e * N * Zp1 * b * r1 * r2 /(2530* sqrt ( r1 ^2+ r2 ^2) ) ;
v =2* %pi * N * dp /(60*2*1000) ;
// L e t t a n g e n t i a l component be TC
TC =( Cs *1845/ mn ) +( Pd * cos ( alphan ) * cos ( phi ) ) ;
Sb = b * mn * sigb * Y ;
printf ( mn i s %0 . 1 f mm
, mn ) ;
printf ( \n TC i s %0 . 0 f N , TC ) ;
printf ( \n Sb i s %0 . 1 f N , Sb ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e
rounding o f f o f t
197
o f Sb i s due t o
Chapter 27
STRAIGHT BEVEL GEARS
Scilab code Exa 27.1 SBG1

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18
19
20
21
// sum 271
clc ;
clear ;
P =8000;
N1 =400;
N2 =200;
i = N1 / N2 ; // i =Zg /Zp=dg / dp
gamma1 = atan (1/ i ) ;
gamma2 =90 - gamma1 ;
rp =200;
R = rp / sin ( gamma1 ) ;
b =0.2* R ;
rm1 = rp -( b * sin ( gamma1 ) /2) ;
Pt = P *1000*60/(2* %pi * N1 * rm1 ) ;
alpha =20* %pi /180;
Ps = Pt * tan ( alpha ) ;
Pr = Ps * cos ( gamma1 ) ;
Pa = Ps * sin ( gamma1 ) ;
printf ( Pt i s %0 . 0 f N , Pt ) ;
198
22
23
24
25
26
printf ( \n Ps i s %0 . 2 f N , Ps ) ;
printf ( \n Pr i s %0 . 2 f N , Pr ) ;
printf ( \n Pa i s %0 . 2 f N , Pa ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e s i s due t o r o u n d i n g
o f f of the values .

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7
8
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15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
// sum 272
clc ;
clear ;
alpha =20* %pi /180;
Zp =20;
Zg =36;
m =4;
sigut =600;
b =25;
dp = m * Zp ;
rp = dp /2;
dg = m * Zg ;
rg = dg /2;
gamma1 = atan ( rp / rg ) ;
Zpv = Zp / cos ( gamma1 ) ;
Y =0.33+0.003*0.88;
sigb = sigut /3;
Sb = m * b * sigb * Y ;
printf ( Zpv i s %0 . 2 f
, Zpv ) ;
printf ( \n Sb i s %0 . 0 f N , Sb ) ;

199
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5
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7
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19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
// sum 273
clc ;
clear ;
m =6;
Zp =30;
Zg =45;
dp = m * Zp ;
rp = dp /2;
dg = m * Zg ;
rg = dg /2;
R = sqrt ( rg ^2+ rp ^2) ;
gamma1 =180/ %pi * asin ( rp / R ) ;
gamma2 =(90 - gamma1 ) ;
ha =6;
hf =1.25* ha ;
phi =180/ %pi * atan ( ha / R ) ;
beta =180/ %pi * atan ( hf / R ) ;
// l e t Face Cone A n g l e be FCA
FCA =( gamma1 + phi ) ;
// L e t Root c o n e a n g l e be RCA
RCA =( gamma1 - beta ) ;
printf ( gamma1 i s %0 . 1 f deg , gamma1 ) ;
printf ( \n gamma2 i s %0 . 1 f deg , gamma2 ) ;
printf ( \n R i s %0 . 2 f mm ,R ) ;
printf ( \n FCA i s %0 . 3 f deg , FCA ) ;
printf ( \n RCA i s %0 . 2 f deg , RCA ) ;

1 // sum 274
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
4 alpha =20* %pi /180;
200
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Zp =25;
Zg =40;
m =5;
b =30;
BHN =400;
dp = m * Zp ;
rp = dp /2;
dg = m * Zg ;
rg = dg /2;
gamma1 = atan ( rp / rg ) ;
gamma1 =180/ %pi * gamma1 ;
a = cosd ( gamma2 ) ;
Zp1 = Zp / cos ( gamma1 ) ;
Zg1 = Zg / a ;
Q =(2* Zg1 ) /( Zp1 + Zg1 ) ;
K =0.16*( BHN /100) ^2;
Sw =0.75* b * dp * Q * K / cosd ( gamma1 ) ;
printf ( Sw i s %0 . 1 f N , Sw ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e o f Sw i s due t o
r o u n d i n g o f f o f t h e v a l u e o f Q.

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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
// sum 275
clc ;
clear ;
Zp =20;
Zg =36;
m =4;
b =25;
BHN =360;
201
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11
12
13
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15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Np =750;
FOS =1.75;
dp = m * Zp ;
rp = dp /2;
dg = m * Zg ;
rg = dg /2;
gamma1 = atan ( dp / dg ) ;
Zp1 = Zp / cosd ( gamma1 ) ;
Zg1 = Zg / a ;
Q =(2* Zg1 ) /( Zp1 + Zg1 ) ;
K =0.16*( BHN /100) ^2;
R = sqrt ( rp ^2+ rg ^2) ;
Y =0.33+0.003*0.86;
sigut =600;
sigb = sigut /3;
Sb = m * b * Y * sigb *(1 -( b / R ) ) ;
Sw =0.75* b * dp * Q * K / cosd ( gamma1 ) ;
printf ( Sb i s %0 . 0 f N
, Sb ) ;
// The answwer t o Sb i s c a l c u l a t e d i n c o r r e c t l y i n t h e
book .

1 // sum 276
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
4 Dp =300;
5 rp =150;
202
6
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8
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10
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22
23
24
25
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27
28
29
30
31
// L e t t h e a n g u l a r v e l o c i t y r a t i o be i
i =2/3;
rg = rp / i ;
Dg =2* rg ;
R = sqrt ( rp ^2+ rg ^2) ;
P =15000;
N =300;
Cs =1.5;
FOS =2;
sigb =100;
gamma1 = atan ( Dp / Dg ) ;
v =2* %pi * N * rp /(60*1000) ;
Cv =5.6/(5.6+ sqrt ( v ) ) ;
Pt = P / v ;
Sb = Peff * FOS ;
b = R /4;
// l e t x=mY
x = Sb /( b * sigb *(1 -( b / R ) ) ) ;
m =6;
printf ( mY i s %0 . 3 f mm2 ,x ) ;
printf ( \n m i s %0 . 0 f mm ,m ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
// sum 277
clc ;
clear ;
Zp =24;
Zg =36;
N =1400;
203
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
P =11600;
Cs =1.4;
FOS =2;
sigut =600;
sigb = sigut /3;
gamma1 = atan ( Zp / Zg ) ;
Zg1 = Zg / a ;
Q =(2* Zg1 ) /( Zp1 + Zg1 ) ;
v =1.76;
Pt = P / v ;
Cv =5.6/(5.6+ sqrt ( v ) ) ;
x = Peff * FOS ;
Y =0.352+(0.003*0.85) ;
y =2* sigb * Y *(1 -(6/21.63) ) ;
m = sqrt ( x / y ) ;
// D e s i g n i s s a f e f o r m=4
m =4;
b =6* m ;
dp =24* m ;
rp =48;
dp = dp / cosd ( gamma1 ) ;
v =2* %pi * N * rp /(60*1000) ;
Cv =5.6/(5.6+ sqrt ( v ) ) ;
Sb = y * m ^2;
//Sw=Sb ;
K = Sb /(0.75* b * dp * Q ) ;
BHN = sqrt ( K /0.16) *100;
printf ( m i s %0 . 0 f mm ,m ) ;
printf ( \n BHN i s %0 . 0 f
, BHN ) ;
// The answwer t o BHN i s c a l c u l a t e d i n c o r r e c t l y i n
204
t h e book .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
// sum 278
clc ;
clear ;
Zp =40;
Zg =60;
P =3500;
N =600;
Cs =1.5;
sigb =55;
gamma1 = atan ( Zp / Zg ) ;
Zg1 = Zg / a ;
Q =(2* Zg1 ) /( Zp1 + Zg1 ) ;
// D e s i g n i s s a f e f o r m=6
m =6;
b =6* m ;
dp = Zp * m ;
rp = dp /2;
dg = Zg * m ;
rg = dg /2;
R = sqrt ( rp ^2+ rg ^2) ;
printf ( m i s %0 . 0 f mm ,m ) ;
printf ( \n b i s %0 . 0 f mm ,b ) ;
printf ( \n R i s %0 . 0 f mm ,R ) ;
205
Chapter 28
WORM AND WORM WHEEL
SET
Scilab code Exa 28.1 WWS1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
// sum 281
clc ;
clear ;
Z1 =1;
Z2 =30;
q =10;
m =5;
d=q*m;
D = m * Z2 ;
// l e t t h e s p e e d r e d u c t i o n r a t i o be G
G = Z2 / Z1 ;
CD =( d + D ) /2;
// p r i n t i n g d a t a i n s c i l a b
printf ( G i s %0 . 0 f
,G ) ;
206
o / p window
, CD ) ;
,d ) ;
,D ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
// sum 282
clc ;
clear ;
Z1 =1;
Z2 =52;
q =10;
m =8;
i = Z2 / Z1 ;
CD =(( m * q ) +( m * Z2 ) ) /2;
lambda = atan ( Z1 / q ) ;
d=q*m;
da = m *( q +2) ;
df = m *( q +2 -(4.4* cos ( lambda ) ) ) ;
pa = m * %pi ;
D = m * Z2 ;
Da = m *( Z2 +(4* cos ( lambda ) ) -2) ;
Df = m *( Z2 -2 -(0.4* cos ( lambda ) ) ) ;
printf ( i i s %0 . 0 f
,i ) ;
printf ( \n CD i s %0 . 0 f mm , CD ) ;
printf ( \n pa i s %0 . 2 f mm , pa ) ;
printf ( \n da i s %0 . 0 f mm , da ) ;
printf ( \n d f i s %0 . 3 f mm , df ) ;
printf ( \n Da i s %0 . 3 f mm , Da ) ;
printf ( \n Df i s %0 . 3 f mm , Df ) ;

1
// sum 283
207
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
clc ;
clear ;
Z1 =2;
Z2 =60;
q =10;
m =5;
P =6000;
N =1440;
u =0.08;
alpha =20* %pi /180;
d=m*q;
w =2* %pi * N /60;
T=P/w;
Ptw = T *10^3/( d /2) ;
a = cos ( alpha ) ;
b = cos ( lambda ) ;
x = sin ( alpha ) ;
y = sin ( lambda ) ;
Paw = Ptw *((( a * b ) -( u * y ) ) /(( a * y ) +( u * b ) ) ) ;
Prw = Ptw * y /(( a * y ) +( u * b ) ) ;
//Paw=Ptw ( ( c o s ( a l p h a ) c o s ( lambda ) ) (u s i n ( lambda ) ) )
/ ( ( c o s ( a l p h a ) s i n ( lambda ) ) +(u c o s ( lambda ) ) ) ;
24 // Prw=Ptw ( ( s i n ( a l p h a ) ) / ( ( c o s ( a l p h a ) s i n ( lambda ) ) +(u
c o s ( lambda ) ) ) ) ;
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
printf ( Ptw=Pag i s %0 . 1 f N , Ptw ) ;
printf ( \n Paw=Ptg i s %0 . 0 f N , Paw ) ;
printf ( \n Prw=Prg
i s %0 . 0 f N , Prw ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e i s due t o r o u n d i n g o f f
the values .

208
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
// sum 284
clc ;
clear ;
Z1 =2;
Z2 =40;
q =8;
m =5;
d=q*m;
P =1.2;
N =1000;
Vt =2* %pi * N *20/(60*1000) ;
Vs = Vt / cos ( lambda ) ;
u =0.032;
alpha =20* %pi /180;
x = cos ( alpha ) ;
y = tan ( lambda ) ;
z =( cos ( lambda ) ) / sin ( lambda ) ;
n =( x -( u * y ) ) /( x +( u * z ) ) ;
// L e t power o u t p u t be Po
Po = P * n ;
// L e t power l o s t i n f r i c t i o n be Pf
Pf =P - Po ;
printf ( P i s %0 . 1 f kW ,P ) ;
printf ( \n Po i s %0 . 3 f kW , Po ) ;
printf ( \n Pf i s %0 . 3 f kW , Pf ) ;

1 // sum 285
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
4 Z1 =2;
209
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Z2 =54;
q =10;
m =8;
P =4000;
A =1.8;
K =16;
N =1000;
u =0.028;
alpha =20* %pi /180;
d=m*q;
Vt =2* %pi * N * d /(2*60*1000) ;
Vs = Vt / cos ( lambda ) ;
x = cos ( alpha ) ;
y = tan ( lambda ) ;
z =( cos ( lambda ) ) / sin ( lambda ) ;
n =( x -( u * y ) ) /( x +( u * z ) ) ;
delT = P *(1 - n ) /( K * A ) ;
,n ) ;
printf ( \n d e l T i s %0 . 2 f deg , delT ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
// sum 286
clc ;
clear ;
Z1 =1;
Z2 =30;
q =10;
m =6;
// L e t t h e u l t i m a t e s t r e n g t h o f g e a r i s s i g u t
// L e t t h e a l l o w a b l e s t r e n t h o f w h e e l i s s i g b
sigut =450;
210
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
sigb =84;
N =1200;
n = N / Z2 ;
alpha =20* %pi /180;
d=m*q;
D = Z2 * m ;
b =3* d /4;
V =2* %pi * n * D /(2*60*1000) ;
Cv =6/(6+ V ) ;
y =0.154 -(0.912/ Z2 ) ;
Y = %pi * y ;
Sb = sigb * b * Cv * m * Y ;
K =0.415;
Sw = b * D * K ;
printf ( Sb i s %0 . 0 f N , Sb ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e o f Sb i s due t o
rounding o f f the v a l u e s .
211
Chapter 29
GEARBOX
Scilab code Exa 29.1 GB1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
// sum 291
clc ;
clear ;
Ts1 =16;
Ts2 =18;
Ts3 =20;
Ts4 =25;
Tr1 =64;
Tr2 =63;
Tr3 =70;
Tr4 =50;
// L e t Nr1 / Nr2=G1
G1 =1+( Ts1 / Tr1 ) ;
// L e t Nr1 / Ni=G2
G2 =( Ts2 /( Tr2 *(1 -(1/ G1 ) +( Ts2 / Tr2 ) ) ) ) ;
// L e t Ni /No=G3 ( t h i r d g e a r )
G3 =(1+( Ts3 / Tr3 ) ) /(( Ts3 / Tr3 ) + G2 ) ;
// L e t Ni / Nr1=G4
// The r a t i o c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e done a s a b o v e
G4 =1.2857/0.2857;
212
22 // L e t Ni /No =G5 ( s e c o n d g e a r )
23 G5 = -20/70;
24 // L e t Ni /No=G6 ( f i r s t g e a r )
25 G6 =1.2857/0.2857;
26 // L e t Ni /No=G7 ( r e v e r s e g e a r )
27 G7 = -1.7143/0.2857;
28
29
30
printf ( r a t i o f o r t h i r d g e a r i s %0 . 3 f
, G3 ) ;
31
printf ( \n r a t i o f o r s e c o n d g e a r i s %0 . 4 f
, G5 ) ;
32
printf ( \n r a t i o f o r f i r s t g e a r i s %0 . 1 f
, G6 ) ;
33
printf ( \n r a t i o f o r r e v e r s e g e a r i s %0 . 3 f
, G7 )

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
// sum 292
clc ;
clear ;
// L e t r e v e r s e s p e e d g e a r be RSG
RSG =5.5;
// L e t T5/T6 = Z1
T1 =2;
// L e t T3/T7 = Z2
Z2 =2.75;
T7 =18;
T3 = Z2 * T7 ;
T3 =50;
// L e t T3/T1 =Z3
Z3 =2.5;
T1 = T3 / Z3 ;
// L e t T4/T2 = Z4
Z4 =2.25/2;
T2 =( T1 + T3 ) /( Z4 +1) ;
T4 = T1 + T3 - T2 ;
213
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
// L e t T5/T6=Z5
Z5 =2;
T6 =( T1 + T3 ) /3;
T5 =( T1 + T3 ) - T6 ;
T7 =18;
// l e t f i r s t g e a r r a t i o i s G1
G1 =50*47/(20*23) ;
// L e t 2 nd g e a r r a t i o i s G2
G2 =37*47/(33*23) ;
// L e t 3 r d g e a r r a t i o i s G3
G3 =1;
// L e t r e v e r s e g e a r r a t i o i s R
R =50*47/(18*23) ;
printf ( T1 i s %0 . 0 f
, T1 ) ;
printf ( \n T2 i s %0 . 0 f
, T2 ) ;
, T3 ) ;
, T4 ) ;
, T5 ) ;
, T6 ) ;
, T7 ) ;
printf ( \n G1 i s %0 . 3 f
, G1 ) ;
, G2 ) ;
, G3 ) ;
printf ( \n R i s %0 . 3 f
,R ) ;

1 // sum 293
2 clc ;
3 clear ;
4 // L e t t h e c o n s t a n t g e a r
5 G =2;
r a t i o be G
214
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
x =5.5^(1/3) ;
G1 =1;
G2 = x ;
G3 = x * x ;
G4 = x ^3;
T7 =18;
T8 = T7 *( x ^3) /2;
T8 =51;
T5 =69/2.558;
T6 =69 -27;
T4 =69/1.8825;
T3 =69 - T4 ;
T1 =23;
T2 =46;
T9 =18;
G1 = T2 * T8 /( T1 * T7 ) ;
G2 = T2 * T6 /( T1 * T5 ) ;
G3 =1;
G4 = - T2 * T8 /( T1 * T9 ) ;
printf ( T1 i s %0 . 0 f
, T1 ) ;
, T2 ) ;
, T3 ) ;
, T4 ) ;
, T5 ) ;
, T6 ) ;
, T7 ) ;
, T8 ) ;
, T9 ) ;
, G1 ) ;
, G2 ) ;
, G3 ) ;
, G4 ) ;
215
Chapter 30
CHAIN DRIVE
Scilab code Exa 30.1 CD1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
// sum 301
clc ;
clear ;
n1 =17;
n2 =51;
C =300;
p =9.52;
Ln =(2* C / p ) +(( n1 + n2 ) /2) +(((( n2 - n1 ) /(2* %pi ) ) ^2) *( p / C ) )
;
x =( Ln -(( n2 + n1 ) /(2) ) ) ^2;
y =8*((( n2 - n1 ) /(2* %pi ) ) ^2) ;
z = Ln -(( n1 + n2 ) /2) ;
C =( p /4) *( z +( sqrt (x - y ) ) )
printf ( C i s %0 . 2 f mm ,C ) ;

216
// sum 302
clc ;
clear ;
G =4;
n1 =17;
n2 = n1 * G ;
N1 =2300;
Kc =1.2; // from t a b l e 302
p =12.7; // fom t a b l e 301
D1 = p * n1 ;
D2 = p * n2 ;
phi =2*10.6;
x = tan ( phi /2) ; // p h i /2 = 1 0 . 6 deg , from t a b l e 303
Da1 =( p / x ) +(0.6* p ) ;
Da2 =( p / x *4) +(0.6* p ) ;
Cmin = Kc *(( Da1 + Da2 ) /2) ;
Ln1 =(2* Cmin / p ) +(( n1 + n2 ) /2) +(((( n2 - n1 ) /(2* %pi ) ) ^2) *( p
/ Cmin ) ) ;
18 Ln1 =80;
19
20
printf ( Ln i s %0 . 0 f , Ln1 ) ;
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

// sum 303
clc ;
clear ;
N1 =1000;
N2 =500;
P =2.03*10^3; // from t a b l e 308
K1 =1.26;
Ks =1;
// l e t Pc be t h e power t r a n s m i t t i n g c a p a c i t y o f t h e
chain
10 Pc = P * K1 / Ks ;
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
217
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
p =9.52;
n1 =21;
n2 =42;
V = n1 * p * N1 /(60*10^3) ;
// L e t t h e c h a i n t e n s i o n be T
T = Pc / V ;
// L e t t h e b r e a k i n g l o a d be BL
BL =10700;
FOS = BL / T ;
C =50* p ;
Ln =(2* C / p ) +(( n1 + n2 ) /2) +(((( n2 - n1 ) /(2* %pi ) ) ^2) *( p / C ) )
;
22 L = Ln * p ;
23 Pc = Pc *10^ -3;
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
printf ( Pc i s %0 . 2 f KW , Pc ) ;
printf ( \n V i s %0 . 3 f m/ s ,V ) ;
printf ( \n T i s %0 . 1 f N ,T ) ;
printf ( \n FOS i s %0 . 2 f
, FOS ) ;
printf ( \n L i s %0 . 2 f mm ,L ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e o f L and T i s due t o

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
// sum 305
clc ;
clear ;
G =2;
P =5000;
Ks =1.7;
Pd = P * Ks ;
K2 =1.7;
218
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
p =15.88;
n1 =17;
n2 = n1 * G ;
D1 = n1 * p ;
D2 = n2 * p ;
C =40* p ;
Ln =(2* C / p ) +(( n1 + n2 ) /2) +(((( n2 - n1 ) /(2* %pi ) ) ^2) *( p / C ) )
;
16 L = Ln * p ;
17
18
19
20
printf ( L i s %0 . 2 f mm ,L ) ;
// The d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e v a l u e o f L i s due t o
219
Chapter 31
SEALS PACKING AND
GASKETS
Scilab code Exa 31.1 SPG1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
// sum 311
clc ;
clear ;
d =18;
lg =25+25;
Eb =210*10^3;
Ecl =90*10^3;
A = %pi * d ^2/4;
kb = A * Eb / lg ;
x =(5*( lg +(0.5* d ) ) /( lg +(2.5* d ) ) ) ;
km = %pi * Ecl * d /(2* log ( x ) ) ;
C = kb /( kb + km ) ;
sigp =600;
At =192;
Pi =0.75* sigp * At ;
F =200;
C =0.322;
Pb = F * C *10^3;
FOS =2;
220
20 W = At * sigp ;
21 N = Pb * FOS /( W - Pi ) ;
22
23
// p r i n t i n g d a t a i n
24
printf ( N i s %0 . 2 f
s c i l a b o /p window
,N ) ;

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
// sum 312
clc ;
clear ;
d =16;
D =1.5* d ;
t =20;
tg =4;
// L e t G a s k e t d i a m e t e r i n c o m p r e s s i o n z o n e be d1
d1 = D +(2* t ) + tg ;
lg =40;
E =207*10^3;
kb = %pi * d ^2* E /( lg *4) ;
Ecl =90*10^3;
x =(5*( lg +(0.5* d ) ) /( lg +(2.5* d ) ) ) ;
kp = %pi * Ecl * d /(2* log ( x ) ) ;
Ag = %pi *( d1 ^2 - d ^2) /4;
Eg =480;
kg = Ag * Eg / tg ;
km = kg * kp /( kg + kp ) ;
C = kb /( kb + km ) ;
At =157;
sigp =600;
Pi =0.75* At * sigp /2;
FOS =2;
Pf = At * sigp / FOS ;
W = Pf - Pi ;
P=W/C;
221
28 N =5;
29 F = P * N ;
30 p = F *4/( %pi *120^2) ;
31
32
33
printf ( p i s %0 . 3 f N/mm2
,p ) ;

// sum 313
clc ;
clear ;
sigp =600;
FOS =3;
siga = sigp / FOS ;
d =16;
D =1.5* d +60;
// L e t G a s k e t d i a m e t e r i n c o m p r e s s i o n z o n e be d1
d1 =(300 -160) /2;
// L e t c o m p r e s s i v e s t r e s s i n g a s k e t f o r l e a k p r o o f
j o i n t be s i g l
12 sigl =12;
13 At =[1 157; 2 192; 3 245]
14 d =[1 16; 2 18; 3 20]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
n =3;
for ( i =1: n )
Pi (i ,2) = At (i ,2) * d (i ,2)
Pc (i ,2) =3* %pi *( d1 ^2 - d (i ,2) ^2)
if ( Pi (i ,2) >= Pc (i ,2) ) then
printf ( The D e s i g n i s s a f e )
end
end
222
26
27
28
,d (i ,2) ) ;
223

Machine Design - U. C. Jindal

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Scilab Textbook Companion for

by a grant from the National Mission on Education through ICT,

5 INTRODUCTION TO PRESSURE VESSELS

7 STRUTS AND COLUMNS

10 PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS

13 COTTER AND KNUCKLE JOINTS

14 KEYS AND COUPLINGS

17 SLIDING CONTACT BEARINGS

20 FLAT BELT DRIVE

27 STRAIGHT BEVEL GEARS

28 WORM AND WORM WHEEL SET

31 SEALS PACKING AND GASKETS

List of Scilab Codes

Scilab code Exa 3.1 MS1

Scilab code Exa 3.2 MS2

Scilab code Exa 3.3 MS3

Scilab code Exa 3.4 MS4

Scilab code Exa 3.5 MS5

Scilab code Exa 3.6 MS6

delL =( aa *450* delT ) -( P *10^3*450/( Aa * Ea ) ) ;

Scilab code Exa 3.7 MS7

Scilab code Exa 3.8 MS8

angBEK =2* theta ;

Scilab code Exa 3.9 MS9

Scilab code Exa 3.10 MS10

Scilab code Exa 3.11 MS11

Scilab code Exa 3.12 MS12

Scilab code Exa 3.13 MS13

Scilab code Exa 3.14 MS14

Scilab code Exa 3.15 MS15

Scilab code Exa 3.16 MS16

Scilab code Exa 3.17 MS17

Scilab code Exa 3.18 MS18

Scilab code Exa 3.19 MS19

Scilab code Exa 3.20 MS20

Scilab code Exa 3.21 MS21

Scilab code Exa 3.22 MS22

20 Ts2 = Ts1 /2;

Scilab code Exa 3.23 MS23

Scilab code Exa 3.24 MS24

Scilab code Exa 3.25 MS25

Scilab code Exa 3.26 MS26

Scilab code Exa 3.27 MS27

Scilab code Exa 3.28 MS28

Scilab code Exa 3.29 MS29

Figure 3.1: MS29

Scilab code Exa 3.30 MS30

Scilab code Exa 3.31 MS31

Scilab code Exa 3.32 MS32

Scilab code Exa 3.33 MS33

Scilab code Exa 4.1 MF1

Scilab code Exa 4.2 MF2

Scilab code Exa 4.3 MF3

printf ( ULH i s %0 . 3 f mm , ULH ) ;

Scilab code Exa 4.4 MF4

Scilab code Exa 5.1 IPV5 1

Scilab code Exa 5.2 IPV5 2

Scilab code Exa 5.3 IPV5 3

Scilab code Exa 5.4 IPV5 4

Scilab code Exa 5.5 IPV5 5

Scilab code Exa 6.1 L1

22 M =( Ro /2*( l /2+ t /3) ) -( Ro /2* l /4) ;

Scilab code Exa 6.2 L2

delL =( aa 450 delT ) -( P 10^3450/( Aa * Ea ) ) ;

22 M =( Ro /2( l /2+ t /3) ) -( Ro /2 l /4) ;