الكترونيات2

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
E١F
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٤٢٥ 
   E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

?? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L E١F?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١F
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
 
 ٪٩٦‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 ٢٧W‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 K–EFJ ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣


 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢

-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

ACE F‫א‬Oscillator‫א‬
E F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

Non suicidal  Sinusoidal Wav ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬Triangular‫א‬ Wave Square‫א‬‫א‬Wave
 Multi Vibrators‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Amplifier‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KPositive Feed Back

 J W‫א‬
 EIC‫א‬FJ ١
 KE‫א‬FResonance Circuit‫א‬J ٢
 K Positive Feed Back KJ ٣


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
(Op Amp‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W ‫א‬
 EIntegratorF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬

  Oscillator ‫א‬J ١
 AC‫א‬‫א‬

 Positive Feed Back‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Multi vibrator‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Resonance Circuit‫א‬J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬RLC‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 Operational AmplifierE‫א‬F‫א‬J ٥
‫א‬ Analog IC‫א‬Op.Amp‫א‬
 K741‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Time PeriodT‫א‬‫א‬٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

V  
  
t


T 
 
 Frequency ƒ‫א‬J ٧
 ELFHZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1
 ƒ=
T
-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 Sinusoidal Oscillators‫א‬‫א‬١J ٦

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Electrical Noise‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٦F‫א‬


‫ﻣﻜﺒﺮ‬ VO




  
E‫א‬F

 E١J ٦F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KACDC‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ١J ٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WRC J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Low Frequency‫א‬
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
WLC  J  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Hartley OscillatorKHigh Frequency‫א‬
 Crystal Oscillator‫א‬–Colpittso Oscillator
-٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 Wien – Bridge Oscillator٢J ١J ٦

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ١J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٦F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RC
 op.Amp‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
R1 C1 


+
-
VO

C2

R2 RF

RE


(٢J ٦F ‫א‬ 
‫א‬RC
R1,C1,R2,C2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
1
 ƒ= ‫א‬‫א‬
2π R 1 R 2 C 1C 2

 KC=C1=C2‫א‬R=R1=R2‫א‬
1
 ƒ= 
2 π RC

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬R‫א‬‫א‬
 KC , R
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RF,RE‫א‬K
‫א‬E3F
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RF,REE AV≥3)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ RF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ١J ٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣J ٦F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

C1=0.1µf
R1=1k Ω

+ 15 v 
3
+
7
6 
VO
2
- 4 
C2
0.1µf
R2
-15 v 
1k Ω
RE
RF= 1k Ω 
270 Ω


( ٣J ٦F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، 2.2KΩ،1KΩ،270Ω 
0.5W‫א‬K1KΩ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮة‬

 ‫א‬
0.1µF  ‫א‬
 741C‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
±15V–‫א‬  ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ١J ٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
1
ƒO =
2πRC
 K‫א‬‫א‬{-15V} , {+15V}‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬ETime/cm= 0.2ms F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 vo‫א‬
-٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 KNon Clipping‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 ƒ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬T‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 E١J ٦F‫א‬‫א‬J ٦

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 
1
ƒO T f =
T
  

 E١J ٦F‫א‬
 KELF‫؟‬ƒo ‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ ‫א‬‫א‬
 V i ,V O‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧

vo



t

vi 



t 


 W‫א‬
 ‫؟‬vim‫א‬‫א‬vom‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫؟‬ELF‫؟‬vi vo ‫א‬J
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬RF‫א‬J ٨
-٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫؟‬‫א‬J
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 ‫؟‬‫א‬RF‫א‬J ٩
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬‫א‬KELF‫؟‬‫א‬J 

 2.2kΩ 1kΩ= R2R1‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠

 W‫א‬‫א‬ T ‫א‬‫א‬J
 TZKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 W‫א‬‫א‬J
1
ƒ= = .......... .......... ..........
T
 KE١١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١١

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬–F‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬‫א‬
-٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 Colpits Oscillator٣J ١J ٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ١J ٦
‫א‬LC‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ٦F‫א‬
 LC1,C2‫א‬‫א‬



C1

L


C2


(٤-٦ )‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

 ‫א‬
1
 ƒO=
2π LC

C1 .C 2
 C= 
C1 + C 2
 ‫א‬FRFC‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬CE‫א‬
-٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ١J ٦
 E٥J ٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
+12V

R1 R3 
1MΩ 100K
V0 
Vi

2N2222
C1 R2 
47PF 100KΩ C3
L
62µH
0.01µF 

C2
47PF 
٥ -٦ ) ‫(ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
0.5W10KΩ,100KΩ,1MΩ ‫א‬
200PF0.01µF،47PF ‫א‬
 2N2222 ‫א‬
 62µH  
 KH12VJ  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٣J ١J ٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١

C1 .C 2
 (C = ) 
C1 + C 2
1
ƒO = KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
2π LC 
 K‫א‬‫א‬H12V‫א‬–٢
 KVO‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
-١٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
  T = .........................Sec
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
ƒ= 1 = ............................
T
 KE1F‫א‬ƒ O ‫א‬‫א‬ E5F‫א‬ƒ‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬‫א‬
 VO Vi‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
vo 


t 

vi



t 




 ‫؟‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬200PFC1,C2‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK


















-١١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 Square andTriangular Wave Oscillator‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٦


 Multi Vibrators‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٦
 Non sinusoidal Wave ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦–٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


t 
t


‫ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ‬ Triangular wave Square wave 


t t 

‫ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﺳﻦ‬Saw tooth Wave  Rectangular Wave 
 E٦–٦F‫א‬
‫א‬SweepSignal‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬Trigger ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EOP- Amp‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬RC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 Relaxation Oscillator‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E)A Stable Multi Vibrator‫א‬‫א‬EFJ ١
FBi Stable Multi Vibrator‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFJ ٢
 EFlip Flop
 Mono Stable Multi Vibrator ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFJ ٣
-١٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ٦

‫א‬‫א‬FOP.Amp‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧J ٦F‫א‬E ‫א‬
 KERC‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KSchmitt Trigger‫א‬‫א‬
0.455
 f = ‫א‬
RC
 Vsat ≅ Vcc E2V‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
R 
vcc


vc -
VO 
+

C -vcc R

R 

‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨J ٦F‫א‬

vo 
J 
+v Sat 
‫א‬ t 
-v Sat
vc

1
1
2
Vsat 
+ Vsat
2
t 
‫א‬ 1
− Vsat
2 

(٨-٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
-١٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 Triangular Wave ‫א‬


Integrator‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩J ٦F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠J ٦F‫א‬
C2 
vc vcc

R
vin -
VO 
+

-vcc
 
( ٩ – ٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

vin

‫اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬

t

vo


‫اﻟﺨﺮج‬ t


(١٠ -٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬
Vin p − p
 VOP − P = ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
4 fRC
Input Offset‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬
 KR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-١٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ٦

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١J ٦F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
100 kΩ

10 kΩ 
+15v
+15v
C2

VC 2- 7
6 Vo1 12 kΩ
2-
7 
3 741c
741c 6 Vo2
+
J1 3 
4 +
-15v 10 kΩ
4
C1
-15v

0.022µ 10 kΩ

 E١١J ٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

0.5W100KΩ،12KΩ،10KΩ  ‫א‬
 0.1µF،0.022µF  ‫א‬
 OP Amp 741C‫א‬ ‫א‬
±15v،،‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ٢J ٦
 C1= 0.1µF‫א‬ C1‫א‬J1‫א‬‫א‬J ١
0.455
 fo = ‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
RC
 E٢J ٦F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬± 15v‫א‬J ٣
VO 1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 E٢J ٦F‫א‬‫א‬VO1P-P‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
T = .............. sec
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
ƒm = = .......................H Z
T
 E٢J ٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
C1(µf) ƒo ƒm VO1p-p VC p-p

0.1µF    
0.022µF    
 E٢J ٦F‫א‬

  VC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢J ٦F‫א‬‫א‬VC p-p‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
VO1 C ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Vo1




t

VC 



t
-١٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬±Vcc‫א‬J ٨
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
٨١‫א‬‫א‬C1= 0.022µf   C1‫א‬‫א‬J ٩
 KE٢J ٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫؟‬‫א‬E‫א‬–F‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE‫؟‬‫א‬F
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬vcvo1‫א‬ J ٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 ‫؟‬vo1p-p‫א‬‫א‬VCC‫א‬‫א‬J 
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ٢J ٦
 C2= 0.022‫א‬J J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬VO2‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 E٣J ٦F‫א‬‫א‬VO2P-P


 C1(µf) Vo2 p-p

0.022µF
0.1µF
 E٣J ٦F‫א‬
-١٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
VO1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 KVO2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vo1




t


Vo2



t



‫א‬‫א‬C2= 0.1µF
 C2‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 KE٣J ٦F‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬C2 ‫א‬J
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ±VCCJ ٦
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
-١٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 Summery‫א‬

AC‫א‬Oscillator‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
–‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Multi ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
 Vibrators
LC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 KRCE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠
VCC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١١
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢
-١٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ ٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ ٢J ١‫א‬J ١
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 E–F‫א‬‫א‬LCJ ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬E––F‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E×F‫א‬‫א‬E√FJ 
 KLC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬100µs/cmTime/cm‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J 
 E١٢J ٦F‫א‬4cm
 ‫؟‬ƒ‫א‬‫א‬J



V 
 



4 cm T(ms)
(١٢-٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

 C1=C2=C‫א‬R1=R2=R=2.2KΩ‫א‬J 
 ‫؟‬10KHZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٢٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬J ٣RC–‫א‬‫א‬J ٢‫א‬–J ١

 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
 J ٢J ١

 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ✓J ٢CJ ١
 ‫א‬J 
 T = 4 × 100µ sec = 400 µ sec
1 1
 f = = = 2500 H = 2 . 5 KHZ
400 × 10 − 6
Z
T

 ‫א‬J 
1
 ƒ=
2πRC
1 1
 C= = ≅ 7.234nF
2πFR 2π × 10 × 10 3 × 2.2 × 10 −3
-٢١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 E‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E–F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

‫؟‬E–F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ERC–LCFJ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣J ٦F‫א‬J ٤
C1=0.1µf

R1=1k Ω

+ 15 v

3 7
Vi +
2
6
VO 
-
C2
4

0.1µf -15 v
R2
1k Ω 
RF= 1k Ω
RE 
270 Ω


 E١٣–٦F‫א‬
K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫؟‬10KHZ‫א‬‫א‬C J
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 ‫؟‬ R1,R2‫א‬ J
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
-٢٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫؟‬10KΩR1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬F
Clipping  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E١٤J ٦F‫א‬




(١٤-٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬K‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬FVO‫א‬‫א‬E–FV1‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E‫א‬
‫؟‬LE10MHZF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫؟‬K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 EFKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬–J 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
-٢٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W١J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
LM380‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥J ٦F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
+9 V 
10 nf 68 kΩ

100 KΩ 
1.8 1
100 µF 2
8
100 
LM 380 f
1.2 MΩ 6 7 4 
11
10 µF L.S 
BC 109


(١٥-٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
 ٢J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦J ٦F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
  RelayLED‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 9V
 K220V220 V
+9V 
100 KΩ 4.7 KΩ 260 Ω


2.8 KΩ 2.8 KΩ
LED LED 

47 µF 47 µF

BC 107 BC 107

(١٦-٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
-٢٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ٣
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧J ٦F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

+ 

L.S 15 Ω
0.1 µF
2N 2926 

9V
47 KΩ 
47 KΩ
2N 3702 

2N 3702 
-

(١٧-٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q1,Q2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q1‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬Q2‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
-٢٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 x‫א‬z
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ECF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
   
    K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
-٢٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 x‫א‬z

 LLW‫א‬  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣W٢W١W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ١٥ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 ٢٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 ٢٠ K‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 ٢٠ K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٥
  ١٠٠  ‫א‬



 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
-٢٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
-٢٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١F
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Amplitude & Frequency Modulation ‫א‬‫א‬J ١
AM DemodulationE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬
BJT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AM‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬AM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬FM
 AM,FM‫א‬ J ٣
AMFM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F J ٤
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬F
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬

 ٢٧W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬J ١
 –J ٢
 ‫א‬J ٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
-٢٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬ Modulation &Demodulation‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٧F‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
Transmitte 
 
  EF


 
Receiver 



 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٧F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، Modulation ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 K
-٣٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 J WE‫א‬F
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫ א‬J ١
E‫א‬‫א‬FModulation‫ א‬J ٢
EKKKKKK––W‫א‬‫א‬F‫ א‬J ٣
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FDemodulationE‫א‬‫א‬F‫ א‬J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬F‫ א‬J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬3000GHZ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬Modulate
AM   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
9.83.9F‫א‬‫א‬E1602  531F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 9076F‫א‬‫א‬FM‫א‬E
 KE
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EAMFAmplitude Modulation‫א‬ J ١
EFMFFrequency Modulation  J ٢
EPMFPhase Modulation‫א‬ J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Demodulation‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٣١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
FM‫א‬AM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬AM‫א‬E‫א‬F
-٣٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 ModulationE‫א‬F‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E
 Detection orDemodulationE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
Carrier Wave‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 RF‫א‬‫א‬

 Modulated Wave‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ModulationWave ‫א‬J ٥
 KEKKKKKKKKK–F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  AM Amplitude Modulation‫א‬J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAMF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 FMFrequency Modulation ‫א‬J ٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFMF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 Modulation index AM‫א‬J ٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 m=
Vsm
=  (m ≤ l )
Vcm
‫א‬‫א‬

 FM‫א‬EFmƒJ ٩
‫א‬‫א‬
∆f
mf = =
fs ‫א‬
-٣٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Voltage Control Oscillator‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LCVCO‫א‬‫א‬
 Varactor‫א‬‫א‬J ١١
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬PN
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Antenna ‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
-٣٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Modulation‫א‬١J ٧

E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬Transmitter‫א‬E٢J ٧F‫א‬
 KModulator



‫اﻹﺷﺎرة اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺷﺎرة اﻟﺴﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺒﺮ ﺗﺮدد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪل‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺒﺮ ﺗﺮدد‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ 
‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ اﻟﺘﺮدد‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﻲ‬ Modulator ‫رادﻳﻮي‬ ‫اﻹﺷﺎرة اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬
Audio signal Audio Amp. R.F Amp 

‫اﻹﺷﺎرة اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺮدد‬ 
 E٢J ٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E20HZ-20KHZF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EAttenuatedF‫א‬ 
7
ƒ–‫א‬‫א‬L  L = 7.540 = ....m F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬
-٣٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Amplitude modulation‫א‬١J ١J ٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٧F‫א‬
 EAMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬

Modulating wave

‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬ 
Carrier wave (‫)إﺷﺎرة اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬


Modulated wave AM ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ أﺗﺴﺎع‬ 

(٣-٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ٧F‫א‬

vcc


R1 Rc RL
C2 
Cin 

‫א‬‫א‬
Q AM
Vx

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
R2 RE CE
Vy

‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ اﻟﺘﺮدد‬
E٤J ٧F ‫א‬
-٣٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
CE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Carrier signal‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vx
A ‫א‬EVXF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KA*VX‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬VY
‫א‬‫א‬AV‫א‬RE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K m ≤ 1 ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




b

a
 ‫א‬‫א‬ m% = a − b %
a+b
-٣٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ١J ٧
‫א‬‫א‬ BJT‫א‬‫א‬AM‫א‬‫א‬E٥J ٧F‫א‬
 K










(٤-٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 0.5w 1 k Ω25kΩJ 10kΩ٣W‫א‬
 0.001µf ،0.1µfW‫א‬
 2N3904W‫א‬
‫א‬100 KHZ–15VW‫א‬
 K

 ‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١J ١J ٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬+15V ‫א‬J ١
RF‫א‬‫א‬J 200HZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 KE٥J ٧F‫א‬500KHZ
E1ms/cmF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
-٣٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬VORF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬J ٥
 VOP − P ≅ 0.3V ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 KAM‫א‬
–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 Vy
KE٥J ٧F‫א‬ AM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬
(‫)إﺷﺎرة اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ t 

VX


‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
t
VO 

AM ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ أﺗﺴﺎع‬ t


E٥J ٧F ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬J ٨
 Em%FAM
-٣٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Frequency Modulation FM ‫א‬٢J ١J ٧

 FM‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬FM ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦J ٧F‫א‬
 KFM
‫إﺷﺎرة اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ 
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ )إﺷﺎرة‬
t

(‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ t 

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻟﺔ‬
FM t 
E٦J ٧F‫א‬ 

 FM‫א‬mƒE‫א‬F‫א‬
∆f
 mf = =
fs
 ‫א‬ƒS،‫א‬‫א‬ ∆ ƒ
 KFM E٧J ٧F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LC‫א‬‫א‬FM ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

FM ‫إﺷﺎرة‬


‫إﺷﺎرة اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج‬LC ‫ﻣﺬﺑﺬب‬
Vy ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬ 
(Varactor)

( ٧-٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
-٤٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Varactor‫א‬‫א‬ ( FM modulator FFM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ LC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ VCB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 WFM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ١J ٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬BJT‫א‬‫א‬FM‫א‬E٨J ٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬LC‫א‬‫א‬
vcc 

TP2
15 kΩ 
560 Ω
10P
15P 
10 kΩ 22µf
TP1
+ L 
2SC 372 
‫إﺷﺎرة اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬
0.001µF

‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ اﻟﺘﺮدد‬ 0.001µf 3.9 kΩ 390Ω


(٨-٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
10‫א‬L ‫א‬WL‫א‬
 K1mm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6 mm‫א‬‫א‬


6mm
 J ‫א‬J J 12VW‫א‬
-٤١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ١J ٧
 12v‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬1KHz‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
E٨J ٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
KTP2‫א‬
TP2‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬1KHZ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
‫א‬TP1‫א‬‫א‬10V1V‫א‬
‫א‬
TP2 ‫א‬FM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١J ٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧

  ‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ VP-P
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬
 ƒmax ƒmin 
FM
 



-٤٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 DemodulationE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬٢J ٧

FMAM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬F
 K‫א‬

 Receiver‫א‬ E٩J ٧F‫א‬

 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ 
‫اﻹﺷﺎرة اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺒﺮ ﺗﺮدد‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺒﺮ ﺗﺮدد‬
‫رادﻳﻮي‬ demodulator ‫ﺳﻤﻌﻲ‬ L.S 
R.F Amp AUDIO AMP.

 E٩J ٧F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 KAM ‫א‬

 EAMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٧

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬EFDetectorE١٠J ٧F‫א‬،‫א‬

D 2
vin 
vo
1
3 
Vin C
‫أﺷﺎرة‬
Re 

(١٠ -٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

-٤٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 AM ‫א‬‫א‬Envelope Detector‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 (2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RC‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٤٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ٧
 AM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١J ٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬






(١١-٧ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 0.5W‫א‬100KΩJ 10KΩJ 1KΩW‫א‬
 0.01µF0.001µFW‫א‬
 1N9142N3904‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٢J ٧
 15V‫א‬ J ١
E١١J ٧F‫א‬Vin‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
VO‫א‬Vin‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٣
E‫א‬‫א‬F
vin  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤



vo

-٤٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Summery‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Modulation‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 KE‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬J ٤
 AM ‫א‬ J 
FM  J 

PMEF J 

‫א‬‫א‬ DemodulationE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬J ٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬AMJ ٦
‫א‬RF‫א‬‫א‬AM‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
K‫א‬
VCO‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LCFMJ ٨
‫א‬‫א‬––‫א‬‫א‬J ٩
-٤٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

  J ١
‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ 
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ 
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E–F‫א‬AM ‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬E–F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E–F‫א‬FM‫א‬ J 

K‫א‬E–F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫؟‬1080KHZ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
AM ،FM ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
-٤٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ١
Wireless Microphone 
 EFMFFM‫א‬‫א‬E١٢J ٧F‫א‬
‫א‬ L1 ،CT1 ‫א‬‫א‬ C4 ، R3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K100MHZ
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K88-108 MHZ‫א‬J KFM ‫א‬J 
 K1-2W‫א‬J K6-30 VDC‫א‬J 


 







 E١٢J ٧F‫א‬

 W‫א‬
-R4 = 100Ω J R3 = 10KΩ J R2 = 47KΩ - R1 = 4.7KΩ
 -  CT1= 2-5PF - C1 = 470PF ceramic - C1 = 0.047µF
J  Tr DS548( NPN)J ‫א‬


-٤٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 






 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬L1 ‫א‬J
E‫א‬FFM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FM 


-٤٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٣J ٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 J ٢
 J ٣
 J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥

+9v 

800Ω

3 
2 + 
C1

1



 K
 0.5W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 16V‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬C1‫ א‬J
  ‫א‬‫א‬8Ω‫א‬800Ω‫א‬‫א‬T1‫ א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬
10m ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
‫ א‬J
ESWG-32F0.27mmL‫ א‬J
-٥٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 EAF11mm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
10cm‫א‬ 66‫א‬‫א‬10Cm‫א‬
‫א‬10cm
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 
N2=66

2

N1=9 
1


 ‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬10m‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9V‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
-٥١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 x‫א‬z
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ECF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E√F
K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
   
    K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
-٥٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 x‫א‬z

 ٣W٢W١W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ٢٥ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 ٢٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 ٢٥ K‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٥ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤
  ١٠٠  ‫א‬


-٥٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
-٥٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١F
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬
 DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 SCR‫א‬‫א‬DC‫א‬J ٢

 J W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
E‫א‬‫א‬FSCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٣
‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦

 ٪٩٨‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٢٧J W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
  J ١
 J ٢
‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬ J ٥
 J W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 AC,DC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
-٥٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬Rheostat‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬Triac‫א‬ (SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ESCRSF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K 1000V‫א‬‫א‬1A

‫א‬SCR ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ SCR ‫א‬
SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
-٥٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 J W‫א‬‫א‬

 Silicon Controlled Rectifier ESCRF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

‫א‬‫א‬A,K,G‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
E1AF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE1000AF‫א‬‫א‬
 KThyristor‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFon/off
Diac‫א‬Triggering‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 TRIAC‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬EMT1,MT2,GF
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Firing‫א‬J ٤
ON‫א‬OFF‫א‬‫א‬
 KG‫א‬‫א‬
 Trigger‫א‬EFJ ٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Phase Control‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 Motor ‫א‬J ٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Firing Angleα‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR
-٥٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 Converter‫א‬J ٩
 K‫א‬DCAC‫א‬‫א‬
 V-I Characteristic of SCR ‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠
‫א‬FVAK‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١J ٨FE‫א‬FIA‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
IA

ON ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬


‫اﻟﺒﻮاﺑﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬IG=0
IG1

‫ ﺗﻴﺎر اﻹﺑﻘﺎء اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬IHO OFF 
VR VAK
VHO VBRF1 VBRF0
‫ﺟﻬﺪ اﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎر‬ 
‫ﺟﻬﺪ اﻹﺑﻘﺎء‬
‫اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬


 
 E١J ٨F‫א‬

 Forward Break Over VoltageVBRF‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬J ١١

 ON‫א‬OFF‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Holding Current ( IHO) ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬J ١٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FSCR‫א‬‫א‬
 KESCR
 Holding VoltageEVHO) E‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬J ١٣
 KSCR‫א‬‫א‬
 Flay Wheel Diode ‫א‬‫א‬–١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬PN
EMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (off/onF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٥٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬١J ١J ٨
‫א‬‫א‬(Silicon Controlled Rectifier) SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EJ ٢J ٨F‫א‬PNPN‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EJ ٢J ٨F‫א‬–‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬EGateFG‫א‬‫א‬EKathodFK‫א‬–EAnodFA‫א‬‫א‬
 KEon‫א‬off‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

Ande ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻌﺪ‬
A 
A

P

N
Gate ‫ اﻟﺒﻮاﺑﺔ‬G P 
G N 
k 
k
Kathod ‫اﻟﻤﻬﺒﻂ‬ 
 EJ ٢J ٨F‫א‬EJ ٢J ٨F‫א‬

FSCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٨F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،VBRF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EOFFF‫א‬‫א‬
 SCR‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ON‫א‬OFF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٥٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ESwitchFSCR‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EONFSCR J ١
CLOSEDE1V- 5VF‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬OFFSCR‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
OPEN
 EONFSCR‫א‬٢J ١J ٨
 W‫א‬ON‫א‬OFF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬VBRF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ب‬
K
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 OFF‫א‬٣J ١J ٨
 ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬SCR
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬IHOE‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 KAC‫א‬‫א‬SCR
‫א‬‫א‬SCR
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٦٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 KSCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ١J ٨
2000A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WK
 5A1A‫א‬J
 50 A5A‫א‬J
 ‫א‬50A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EJ ٣J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬Heat sink‫א‬
EJ ٣J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬FG‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬







(‫أ‬٣-٨ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ (‫أ‬٣-٨ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 E٤J ٨F‫א‬




(٤-٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
-٦١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Data Sheet
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬power Rating

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ PFV
ErmsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ IF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  IFaV
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ VROM
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ VGRM
 ‫א‬‫א‬  PGM
 K‫א‬‫א‬  TJ

  ( 2N1596 ) SCR‫א‬‫א‬
 IF=1.6A rmsJ
  VRGM = 6v‫א‬‫א‬J
 100mA‫א‬J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 50mA1mA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬0.6v‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
E0.8vJ 0.6v F
K3 V  2 V ESCRF‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬ON‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬WW
‫א‬‫א‬E3V1VF‫א‬
 IL ≅
V
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
RL
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬SCR‫א‬٢J ٨

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R X 1 EF‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E∞F‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E∞F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E∞F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬G ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
FK ‫א‬EHF ‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
KEPN‫א‬
‫א‬A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
G ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬
E∞‫א‬F‫א‬E–F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
KEΩ‫א‬F‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
A ‫א‬‫א‬R X 1 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 KE∞F‫א‬‫א‬E٥J ٨F‫א‬K ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬G ‫א‬‫א‬1.5VJ ٢
E٥J ٨F‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 E٥J ٨‫א‬
-٦٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  


∞ ∞ 
+ 
+
A 

K G


 E٥J ٨F‫א‬E ٥J ٨F‫א‬



∞

+ 



 
 E٥J ٨F‫א‬
 W
G ‫א‬‫א‬A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E∞F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٣،٢F‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬100Ω ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬SCR
  ‫א‬J
 ‫א‬
-٦٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٦J ٨F‫א‬
 A‫א‬‫א‬
 KG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬R X 1 ‫א‬







(٦ -٨ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR‫א‬
 ‫א‬




-٦٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬FSCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 
SCR‫א‬SCR‫א‬ J ٢
KONOFF
 ‫א‬E٧J ٨F‫א‬
 W‫א‬E٧J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 IA‫א‬‫א‬M1
 IG‫א‬‫א‬M2
 VAK‫א‬‫א‬V

J1
RL 
500Ω/5W
J2 + 
M1 IA
R1 
220Ω
SCR 
A 2N1569
VAA R3 
IG 3KΩ V
R2
5KΩ
+ M2 
K
R4 
1KΩ

(٧-٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
  5WRL‫א‬‫א‬0.5W‫א‬
 2N1569‫א‬
 5W‫א‬24 V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 DC‫א‬J ٢
 25VJ ٣
-٦٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ٨
 J1,J2‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬25V‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
IG=0‫א‬‫א‬R2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J2‫א‬ J ٣
J1‫א‬ J ٤
 –VAK‫א‬IA‫א‬،IG‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٨F‫א‬J ٥
VRL‫א‬‫א‬

VAA IG mA IA mA VAK VRL SCR
 25V  0    

(١-٨) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ 

 W‫א‬E١J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬J FIA‫א‬J
E–F‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬J
 KVAA‫א‬
 ELF‫؟‬‫א‬J
‫א‬IA‫א‬VAK‫א‬‫א‬R2‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬VAK‫א‬R2

R3‫א‬ SCR‫א‬‫א‬W 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬IA,IG,VAK,VRLE٢J ٨F‫א‬ J ٧

VAA IG mA IA mA VAK VRL SCR

25V  

(٢-٨) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ 
 W‫א‬E٢J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE–F‫؟‬IA‫א‬‫א‬J
-٦٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 EJ FKKKKKKKKKKKKKVAK‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫؟‬EJ F‫א‬‫א‬J
 J2‫א‬‫א‬ J ٨
 IG= 0 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KVAK‫א‬IA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ELF‫؟‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩
SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR ‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٠

SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١١
‫؟‬ELF‫א‬SCR
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬‫א‬

-٦٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 KPhase Control‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR‫א‬٤J ٨

AC  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Rectifier 
 K‫א‬‫א‬SCR‫א‬E٨J ٨F‫א‬J

VAK 

VS

‫داﺋ ﺮة اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ RL VL
‫ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺒﻮاﺑ ﺔ‬ 

(٨-٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

 VL‫א‬VAK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩J ٨F‫א‬
VS 

t


VAK

π
α
t 

VL 
t 
α

(٩-٨ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EONF‫א‬SCREαF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EαF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٦٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
SCRE 180οZπ  F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K،‫א‬‫א‬SCR‫א‬

OFFSCR E٩J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬SCR‫א‬
K ‫א‬
KSCR‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬SCR
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Phass Control‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KAC ‫א‬
 K
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
UJT‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤J ٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠J ٨F‫א‬
 J W‫א‬E٩J ٨F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1N5625‫א‬J2‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 K
K1 A‫א‬220V /25VT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
J1

IN5625 RL
500Ω/5W

T R1
M IA 
220Ω
A
220V/60 HZ 25V 
IG 3KΩ
R2
5KΩ M 2N 1596 
1KΩ
K 
(١٠-٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
-٧٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 5W ‫א‬‫א‬0.5W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 5W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬DC‫א‬J ٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤J ٨
 ‫א‬J1‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
IG=0‫א‬R2‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J1‫א‬ J ٣
E١١J ٨F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬DC
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R2‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
VRL‫א‬‫א‬αmin‫א‬αmax
IL‫א‬

 ‫א‬E٣J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ EILF‫א‬

‫א‬ αmax=……… VRL=……….
‫א‬ αmin=……… VRL=………. 

(٣-٨) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
-٧١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
VAK‫א‬VL ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J ٦
VS
KE٩J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬
t 
VAK

t 

VL

t

(١١-٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧
KE١٢J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬VAK‫א‬VRL
VS

t 
VAK

t 

VL

t
(١٢-٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
 ‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬E–FEαF‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 EFKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬RL ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ELF‫؟‬90‫א‬J
-٧٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 360 = 2π ‫א‬‫א‬
 180 = π ‫א‬
V 
180 360 
X1 π 2π t
X


 X Cm  ‫א‬‫א‬
 X1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

X − − − − − 180
 X1 − − − − − α
180 × X 1
∴α = = (...)°
X
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

V 


α 180 360
t 
π 2π
1Cm


3 Cm 


180 × 1 
α= = 60°
3 

-٧٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬٥J ٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCRs‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Rectifier ‫א‬AC
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Phase Control‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 DCEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣J ٨F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E half wave converter F

VS

VAK
t 
VS
+ 
D
‫ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﺘﺮدد‬
~ ‫داﺋﺮ اﻟﻘﺪح‬
T
Arm VA VA 
-
t

α α

(١٣-٨ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬Armature‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
VA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬T‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
-٧٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
SCR‫א‬Flywheel diode‫א‬‫א‬D‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 DC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٥J ٨
 Half Wave Converter

‫א‬DC‫א‬‫א‬E١٤J ٨F‫א‬
half wave F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AC
 KEconverter
‫א‬‫א‬E١٤–٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


1KΩ
SCR

20:1 BTX30
50 KΩ
D1 
220V 12V 

‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت‬

0.47µF M D2 

(١٤-٨ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
12V‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬ J ٣
KPND1,D2‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ D1‫א‬W
K‫א‬
-٧٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ٥J ٨
 K‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬
 KE١٥J ٨F‫א‬αZ45 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣



VS

t 

VA 
t 

VSCR 
t


 E١٥J ٨F‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
VA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬VA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦

-٧٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 Full wave converterDC‫א‬٢J ٥J ٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٪٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٦J ٨F‫א‬

UJT‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬UJT
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
X Y 
BTX30
C 
SCR1 ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ 
‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت‬ M 24V
20V
2W 
220V
D 

1 KΩ 240Ω 
SCR2

≈ 10 KΩ

- +
50 KΩ 
≈
2N2646

X
0.47µF
100 Ω
D 
Y 

(١٦-٨ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬J
 K 50KΩ 0.5W10KΩ،1KΩ ،240Ω،100ΩW‫א‬J ١
 0.47µfWJ ٢
 K1A24vWJ ٣
 KPNJ ٤
-٧٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬BTX30 ٢J ٥
 K2N2646WUJT‫א‬J ٦
 K220V/24VJ ٧
 K–‫א‬J ٨
K2W 24V W‫א‬J ٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٥J ٨
 KYYXX‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬UJT‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬VA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J ١
KE١٧J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬
VA 

t


VSCR


t


 E١٧J ٨F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
EC,D‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬DC‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
WE٤J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬30,45,60,90,120,150,‫א‬

Α 30 45 60 90 120 150
VA      
 E٤J ٨F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤
 K‫א‬E–F‫א‬‫א‬E–F‫א‬‫א‬
-٧٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 Summery‫א‬

 PNPNSCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 KG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–K‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬
ON‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ J ٢
KOFF‫א‬
‫א‬Firing‫א‬SCR J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 ON‫א‬OFF‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬OFFSCR J ٦
A,K‫א‬E2-10 mA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
E1-3VF‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬SCR J ٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٨
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩
K100A
‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٠
K
‫א‬‫א‬ SCR‫א‬ J ١١
DC Chopper‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬
-٧٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
‫א‬‫א‬1.5mA‫א‬200V ‫א‬SCRJ ٢
 E‫א‬–F200VKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬5mA
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬SCRJ ٣
 ‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKIHE‫א‬F‫א‬J ٤
 SCR‫א‬SCR‫א‬x‫א‬‫א‬E١٩J ٨F‫א‬_
 ‫؟‬20mA ‫א‬EF
A


150 Ω
SCR
2N3669

X
200mA
G

K

(١٩-٨ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬
J ٢ IG‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  X,K‫א‬‫א‬SCRJ 
K20mA‫א‬‫א‬ E0.7VF
VX =20mA * 150Ω + 0.7V=3.7 V
J 
 IC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 VGK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DC‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
PG = IG * VGK =
-٨٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 ‫א‬IHO
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬αJ 
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬VBRF

 ECFE√FJ ٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCRJ 
 0.7V
 KOFFSCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCRJ 

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 KE٧J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧J ٨F‫א‬J ٤
 ‫؟‬ELF‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟؟‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR‫א‬J ٥
K‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
-٨١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
3A4A12V‫א‬E٢٠J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


D4 D1

220V 17V - +

0.5Ω 220Ω
D3 D2 12W 2W 
SCR
50 V D5 
5A

100 Ω

‫اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺔ‬ SCR 
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺷﺤﻨﻬﺎ‬ 50 V
50 Ω
1A

100 µF 15 v
1 kΩ

680 Ω

(١١-٨ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

‫א‬D5‫א‬4AD1,D2,D3,D4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬R1‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬5A‫א‬
 KR1‫א‬‫א‬
-٨٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 x‫א‬z
 
‫א‬‫א‬DC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ECF
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
    
    K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٥

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
-٨٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 x‫א‬z

 ٣W٢W١W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ٢٠ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 ١٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
 ١٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٥ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 ٢٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٥
  ١٠٠  ‫א‬

-٨٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
DC‫א‬SCR ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
-٨٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ J ٤

 ٪٩٨J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٨J W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K J ١
K––– J ٢
K‫א‬ J ٣

 J W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢

-٨٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Triac‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K OFF/ONSwitch SCR‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AC
 KAC Motor‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Trigger‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
-٨٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 Triac‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬١J ٩

E١J ٩F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 EA1F١‫א‬(MT1) ١‫א‬‫א‬J
 EA2F٢‫א‬(MT2) ٢‫א‬‫א‬J
 G‫א‬‫א‬J
MT2 
(A2)
 

G 

MT1
(A1) 
(١-٩ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٢J ٩F‫א‬K‫א‬

‫ﻣﺠﺎل إﻣﺮار‬


‫ﻣﺠﺎل ﺻﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺎل ﺻﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺎل إﻣﺮار‬ 

(٢-٩ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 KON J ١
-٨٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬OFF J ٢
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KIH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬1A‫א‬
‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E100A
 K1000 A
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٩F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
VAC

0 π 2π t

VL

‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
VA1A2 
A2
t

‫داﺋﺮة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ VA1A2 α α α
VA
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻮاﺑﺔ‬
TRIGGERING

A1
VL 
t

α

(٣-٩ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
F‫א‬‫א‬EONF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ A1، A2  ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
-٨٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬OFF‫א‬
 KE 180‫א‬F
 DIAC‫א‬٣J ٩
‫א‬‫א‬ETriggering DeviceF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

E٤J ٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DIAC‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 32V28V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

I 


-VB 
V
+VB 

‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬


(٤-٩ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

-٩٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬٤J ٩

 ‫א‬SCR‫א‬‫א‬
 RC1 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
E٥J ٩F ‫א‬T1,T2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K∞‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬G‫א‬‫א‬T2 J ٣
 E٥J ٩‫א‬F

∞ ∞




T1 
 
(‫ ب‬٥ -٩ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ (‫أ‬٥-٩ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
-٩١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦J ٩F‫א‬
RC
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

R1 ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ 
T 24 v/ 2.2w

A2
220 V 20 V R2 
DIAC
Triac 
O
C1
G 
A1

(٦-٩ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 50kΩ R2–10K R1 J ١
0.47µf  C1 J ٢
1A220L20 V J ٣
2.2 W24 V  J ٤
1A40V J ٥
1A28 V  J ٦
 KJ J ٧
-٩٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E٧J ٩F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ RC‫א‬‫א‬
 K

‫א‬115V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ 

R1

A2 
115 V
60 HZ R2
R3 DIAC Triac


G
C2 
C1 A1 
(٧-٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 R3=4.7KΩ،R2= 250KΩ or200kΩ،R1=10KΩ W‫א‬J
 C2 =0.02µF ،C1= 0.1µF W‫א‬J
 40-60W RL ‫א‬J
K3A200VT2302B : TriacJ
 K32A‫א‬TI43A‫א‬‫א‬WDiacJ
‫א‬‫א‬Earth-Isolated 115v Source‫א‬J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 115VIsolation Transformer‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬115V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٢
KA2‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
 J J
-٩٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٥J ٩

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١
‫א‬‫א‬VL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 KVA1-A2‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R2‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١J ٩F‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 
 V P-P ‫א‬
α=  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 
t
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
t 
 VA1-A2
 E١J ٩F‫א‬
-٩٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R2 ‫א‬ J ٥
 KE٢J ٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 
 V P-P ‫א‬
α=  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 
t
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
t 
 VA1-A2
 E٢J ٩F‫א‬
 ELF‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬K‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬K‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬R2‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬E‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬J
-٩٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
 RL = ...............................
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 VRL = ................................................
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
VRL
 I= = ........................................
RL
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 VA1-A2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 P = I × V A1− A2 = ............................
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
PL = I × VRL = ..................................
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
-٩٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 Summery‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Triac‫א‬J ١
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
E‫א‬Fon‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦
SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬FSBS‫א‬‫א‬Diac‫א‬
E J ٧
‫א‬EFUJT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 100A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٨

-٩٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬E٨J ٩F‫א‬
 K5A200V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 VAC = 110V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،VBO=32V‫א‬
R



R1 10 KΩ
A2 
VAC

50 KΩ
R2 DIAC
Triac 

C 0.47µF A1


 E٨J ٩F‫א‬

 60ْ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
VAC 

0 π 2π t


VA1A2

α α α t 

VL 
t

α

(٩-٩ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
-٩٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫؟‬30V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 KEoffF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ J ٣
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
-٩٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬ECFE√FJ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR ‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFJ ٢
 KSCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DIAC‫א‬J ٤
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
–‫א‬F‫א‬J ١
 E‫א‬
 E–F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 ‫א‬E١١J ٩F‫א‬J 
RL


R1


115 V R2


C 

(١١-٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬


 VBO= + 32 V‫א‬‫א‬
 60‫א‬‫א‬
ْ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
VBO= +28V
-١٠٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P2 
R1

A1 
220 V P1
R2
AC 
C1 
A2
C2

‫اﻟﺤﻤ‬ L1 C3
F1 


R1: 2.2 KΩ 0.5W P1: 1MΩ

BTB04-600 or BTB ‫ ﺗﺮﻳﺎك‬TR1
R2: 6.8 KΩ 0.5W P2: 470 KΩ 06-400/BTB08-400B
C1: 150 nf /400v 3.5A ‫ﻓﻴﻮز‬F1
C2: 33 nf /250v ‫ﻣﻠﻒ‬L1
C3: 150nf/250v BR100 ‫دﻳﺎك‬D1


 
1mm‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ J
‫א‬L1‫א‬C1‫א‬٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 220V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬220V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬
-١٠١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 x‫א‬z
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ECF
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
    
    K ‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
-١٠٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 x‫א‬z

 ٣W٢W١W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ١٥ K‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 ٢٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 ١٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٥ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 ٢٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
  ١٠٠  ‫א‬

-١٠٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
-١٠٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١F
E F 
 EF
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬ J ٢
Manual Instruction‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٦


 W‫א‬‫א‬
 Micro- Master mm-8000J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
KJ ٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
KHexadecimal‫א‬‫א‬Binary‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
-١٠٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 J W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Computers)‫א‬‫א‬
EMicroprocessorF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

EALUF‫א‬‫א‬EICF  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ERegistersF‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Micro Computer‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Microprocessor System‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬J
KEF‫א‬RAM/ROM‫א‬ J
Output Unit‫א‬Input Unit J
F‫א‬
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EMicro-ComputerBasic
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E Micro- Master - Model mm-8000
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬KIC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
Procedures‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Instructions 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬Manual Instruction‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١٠٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 Microprocessor ‫א‬‫א‬J ١
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Hardware–‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Software‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ BusJ ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Address Bus‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Data Bus‫א‬J ٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Control Bus‫א‬J ٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Main Memory‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 Memory Access ‫א‬‫א‬J ٩
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WRead Only Memory (ROM) ‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١٠٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 Random Access MemoryE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J ١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEPROM‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KWORDW‫א‬J ١٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬EBits F‫א‬‫א‬
 Micro ComputerE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J ١٤
‫א‬EF‫א‬
–‫א‬‫א‬Rom/Ram‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 Input‫א‬J ١٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Output unit‫א‬‫א‬J ١٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 InstructionsE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J ١٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 Computer Program ‫א‬J ١٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١٠٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 MM- 8000‫א‬‫א‬١J ١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ١٠F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ECPU‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
Memory‫א‬ J ٢
KInput / Output‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣

‫ﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان‬


‫ اﻹﺧﺮاج‬/ ‫إﻟﻰ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻹدﺧﺎل‬

‫ﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫ﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‬ 

 E١J ١٠F‫א‬
‫א‬MM-8000‫א‬E٢J ١٠F‫א‬
 K‫א‬







 E٢J ١٠F‫א‬

Intel 8085‫א‬‫א‬MM8000‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

EEPROM2K ByteROM‫א‬‫א‬2816‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬8156‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 256RAM‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
Timer J ٢
Port8‫א‬L‫א‬I/O‫א‬L J ٣
K6‫א‬L
K816‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KTwo 7 Segment LED Displays‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEIndicatorsF

‫א‬8 LEDs DriveEF‫א‬‫א‬J

K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬J
 K‫א‬L

mm -8000PC Board‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ١٠F‫א‬

 ‫א‬MM8000Schematic Diagram‫א‬E٤J ١٠F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EJ ٤J ١٠F
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(٣-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
-١١٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  
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E٤J ١٠F‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  
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E٤J ١٠F‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ١٠
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
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 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
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‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  
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 J
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ELENCO ELECTRONIC WHEELING 
 K25-40WJ
-١١٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  
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 ‫א‬٢J ١٠
EFBinary‫א‬  ‫א‬
E1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬High‫א‬‫א‬
 KE0F‫א‬‫א‬Low‫א‬‫א‬
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 8085‫א‬
8085‫א‬KE8 bitF‫א‬EWordF‫א‬
Address Bus‫א‬‫א‬EF 8085Data Bus‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬16
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KAD7AD0
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‫א‬‫א‬8 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬
 E0F‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬J
 E1F‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬J
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‫א‬ LEDEF
EFLEDs ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K8LEDs ‫א‬‫א‬

 E0F‫א‬‫א‬LEDE1F‫א‬‫א‬LED
 KE٦J ١٠F‫א‬E٥J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬
?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬W
-١١٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 E٥J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬
( ٥ -١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
-١١٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 E٦J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬
(٦-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
-١١٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ١٠
IC7805‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
LED8‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬SW16‫א‬‫א‬
 E٧J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬

 












(٧-١٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

E٨J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




(٨-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
-١١٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 DownEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 S3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬
LED‫א‬ ON‫א‬SW16 ‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬LEDs K‫א‬5V‫א‬
 OFF
LED‫א‬ONSW15SW8‫א‬J ٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ELEDsF‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
-١١٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬8155‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١٠

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬8155‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬
RAME‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬LEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KTimer‫א‬J

 RAM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ١٠
F256RAM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8155‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Address‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFE
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KAddress Bus‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  
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 8155‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨J ١٠F‫א‬
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(٨-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(8 Pins)‫א‬‫א‬8155‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ALE Latch Adders Enable
 KE1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EALEF‫א‬‫א‬8155
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬
 KAddress Latch EnableWALE
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF8085‫א‬J10 ‫א‬F
 K‫א‬Read From MemoryWRD
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KWrite To Memory WR
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LInput out put or Memory IO /M
 ‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 RAMENAPLE RAM :ENRAM
‫א‬‫א‬J28155‫א‬‫א‬CE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
8155‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬FE0F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DisabledE  F
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬Reset: RS

 ‫א‬
 S3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
E١٠J ١٠F‫א‬E٩J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 K‫א‬
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(٩-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  
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(١٠-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
LED ‫א‬ON‫א‬SW16‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 ‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬E1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EN RAM ‫א‬ J ٢
1‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬IO /M‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬
EFE0F‫א‬‫א‬0000 0000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ALE‫א‬ J ٤
0001 0001‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
0000 0000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFWR‫א‬ J ٦
-١٢٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬E١J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧
 5,6‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
0000 0000 0001 0001
0000 0001 0001 0010
0000 0010 0001 0011
0000 0011  0100 0100
(١-١٠) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
3,4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬RD‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬off SW16‫א‬ J ١٠
onSW16‫א‬‫א‬ J ١١
‫א‬‫א‬9, 10‫א‬ J ١٢
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟؟‬‫א‬

-١٢٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ١٠


RAM ‫א‬‫א‬8155‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،EF A,B,C,I/O ports‫א‬L
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Command Status Register
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١J ١٠F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ 
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 
 A‫א‬E0F‫א‬

‫א‬A‫א‬E1F‫א‬


B‫א‬E0F‫א‬


‫א‬B ‫א‬E1F‫א‬
C‫א‬00‫א‬

‫א‬ C ‫א‬11‫א‬

(١١-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 1000 1110‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬A‫א‬J
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬B‫א‬J
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢J ١٠F‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
XXXX X000 ‫א‬
XXXX X001 Port A
XXXX X010 Port B
XXXX X011 Port C

(٢
 -١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
 10‫א‬EDon,t CareF‫א‬X
-١٢٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬7Segment‫א‬E١٢J ١٠F‫א‬
، C‫א‬0‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬
E1F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬0‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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(١٢-١٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

DriveCircuit  ‫א‬‫א‬E١٢J ١٠F‫א‬
 K5v‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Q1,Q2‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  
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 ‫א‬
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 S3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٣J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬
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(١٣-١٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬8155‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFIOIO/M‫א‬ J ١
RS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ONEN RAM8155‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F0000 0000‫א‬EF‫ א‬J ٢
8155‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ALE‫ א‬J ٣
1100 1110‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤
-١٢٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬x1100 1110z‫א‬EFWR‫ א‬J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬B,C‫א‬A‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ELEDF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬0
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
EB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F0000 0010‫א‬ J ٦
8155‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬ALE‫ א‬J ٧
0110 0001‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٨
B‫א‬E0110 0001F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WR‫א‬‫ א‬J ٩
KE‫א‬‫א‬3‫א‬1,2,3,4,7‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫؟‬ B‫א‬‫א‬0000 0000‫א‬ J ١٠
0000 0010‫א‬‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬8,9‫א‬‫א‬ J ١١
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(٣-١٠ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ 
 KE C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F0000 0011‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٢
8155‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ALE‫א‬ J ١٣
C‫א‬‫א‬0000 0001‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFWR‫א‬ J ١٥
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K8155‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬EF6,7‫א‬ J ١٦
-١٢٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9‫א‬8‫א‬J ١٧
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A,B,C‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 KC ‫א‬‫א‬0000 0011‫א‬‫ א‬J ١٧
8156‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ALE‫א‬‫ א‬J ١٨
‫א‬‫א‬F1000 0001‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬RD‫א‬‫ א‬J ١٩
‫א‬6 C ‫א‬C‫א‬6,7‫א‬
F15,14‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬000001‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5 0
E6,7 ‫א‬
‫א‬FC‫א‬‫א‬1111 1011‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢٠
0,1‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬20
8155‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ALE‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢١
0000 0000‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢٢
 0‫א‬0‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬WR‫ א‬J ٢٣

( pattern) ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬( ENABLE)
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢٤

-١٢٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 Timer‫א‬٥J ١٠

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬14‫א‬8155‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬ 2EsetF
bo‫א‬‫א‬
b14,b15‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Timer In‫א‬b13
 K‫א‬ModeEF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

8156‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬
 E١٤J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬












(١٤-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
-١٣٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 2816 EEPROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦–١٠

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ROM‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ROM‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 KMonitor Program E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬BISO‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EEPROM‫א‬‫א‬MM8000
 ‫א‬
2816 EEPROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٦J ١٠
EEPROM‫א‬2816‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
10ms‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬8155 RAM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 8bit‫א‬2k byte2816‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥J ١٠F‫א‬
(١٥- ١٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 WEEPROM 2816 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 A10A0‫א‬١١Address Lines‫א‬
 I/O7I/O0‫א‬‫א‬Data lines
 CE‫א‬
2816‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E0F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬OE‫א‬WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EchipF
 OE‫א‬
‫א‬8155‫א‬‫א‬RD‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١٣١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 WE‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2816‫א‬‫א‬
2816‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8155RAM
F74HC537‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ (D Type Flip Flop)E8 bits LatchFE

‫א‬‫א‬E١٦J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ALE‫א‬C‫א‬












(١٦-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

 
‫א‬‫א‬WEN‫א‬2816 EEPROM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EoffF‫א‬EonF‫א‬Down‫א‬
-١٣٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬
 E١٧J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
















(١٧-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Disable EF‫א‬‫א‬ENRAM , ENROM‫א‬ J ١
 KROM,RAM
2816 ROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEN‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬
KPower on‫א‬ J ٣
2816 ROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ENABLE‫א‬‫א‬EN ROM J ٤
2816 ROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEN J ٥
-١٣٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ESW7FA8‫א‬ J ٦
(0FF)H‫א‬‫א‬(000)H
 KHexadecimal‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬HW
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬0000 0000‫א‬‫ א‬J ٧
K74HCT573‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ALE‫ א‬J ٨
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F0000 0011‫א‬‫ א‬J ٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(0000 0011)  ‫א‬‫א‬WR‫ א‬J ١٠
2816‫א‬‫א‬ (00000000)
‫א‬9‫א‬‫א‬7‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬107‫א‬‫א‬ J ١١
KE٤J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 Address  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
DATA
0 00 0000000 0000 0000 0011
0 01 0000000 0001 0000 1100
0 02 000 0000 0010 0011 0000
0 03 000 0000 0011 1100 0000
(٤-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ 

7,8‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RD‫א‬‫א‬
2816 EEPROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEN J ١٣
 K‫א‬
Turn Power Off‫א‬EF‫ א‬J ١٤
ON‫א‬ J ١٥
2816 EEPROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬12‫א‬ J ١٦
K‫א‬‫א‬
018‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EA8FSW7 J ١٧
 ‫א‬0,0A10،A9‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(1FF)H(100)H
-١٣٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

2816 EEPROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEN‫א‬ J ١٨
‫א‬8‫א‬‫א‬7‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬107‫א‬ J ١٩
E٥J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 Address ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
DATA
1 00 001 0000 0000 1000 0001
1 01 001 0000 0001 0100 0010
1 02 001 0000 0011 0001 1000
(٥-١٠) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ 

 13‫א‬ J ٢٠
7,8‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢١
RD‫א‬‫א‬
16‫א‬(000)H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EA8FSW7‫א‬ J ٢٢
K‫א‬E٤J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Koff‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢٣
-١٣٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 K8085‫א‬٧J ١٠
 KMM- 80008085‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E 216 F‫א‬‫א‬64 8085‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬RAMEEPROM‫א‬Display7 Segment‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

8085‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٧J ١٠
‫א‬‫א‬E١٨J ١٠F‫א‬PINEF40‫א‬8085‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬168 
‫א‬DATA BUSAD0J AD7‫א‬
16‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A8– A15‫א‬ADDRESS BUS
 
-١٣٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

8085‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 8085‫א‬‫א‬E١٩J ١٠F‫א‬
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
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
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(١٩-١٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 WE‫א‬F‫א‬ 8085‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ALU‫א‬‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬ Control Unit J 
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K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KRegisters‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ACC (8 bit)‫א‬ J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
8 B,C,D,E,H ,L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J ٢
K16 bit‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬bit
( Flag Register) F ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFPC‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
16
Stack ‫א‬‫א‬16SP‫א‬ J ٥
-١٣٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  
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 Monitor Program‫א‬٢J ٧J ١٠
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 E0003FHE0000FH‫א‬‫א‬ROM‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
E80DC)H‫א‬‫א‬RAM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E012DFHE010AFH‫א‬‫א‬
 E80FFFH‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬MM.8000‫א‬Reset
‫א‬‫א‬ Monitor Program 
 ‫א‬ERunningF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Hexadecimal Keyboard‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Go‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬EModeF
 ( DA) DataJ
( AL) Address Low E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ( AH) Address high E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 DA‫א‬EFJ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬AL E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬FJ
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AHE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 0  F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
9EF 
 K
 EX2,X1,GO,ST,RST,AH,AL,DA,RF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ESTOREFST‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ DALDAH E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EFEDAFE‫א‬F‫א‬
-١٣٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

DALDAH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EREAD FRDJ
 ‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬GO‫א‬J
 DALDAH
 Restarted‫א‬X1,X2‫א‬‫א‬J

 MM- 8000‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٧J ١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬168085‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦٤E651536 byteF 216 
‫א‬256ROM ‫א‬2K byte MM 8000‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠J ١٠F‫א‬،RAM
 KMM 8000
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KMM 8000
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




 E٢٠–١٠F‫א‬
-١٣٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬
E٢١J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 E٢١J ١٠F‫א‬








 E٢١–١٠F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬Reset J ١
‫א‬ J ٢
ROM‫א‬ENABLEEN ROM J ٣
ROM‫א‬‫א‬WEN J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬ALE‫א‬0000 0000 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
74HCT573
‫א‬EC3‫א‬‫א‬F1100 0011‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦
KROM‫א‬‫א‬WR


-١٤٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

E٦J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5,6‫א‬ J ٧
 KROM‫א‬‫א‬
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 E٦J ١٠F‫א‬
E0100 )H ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A8‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
 K (01FFFH
-١٤١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5,6 ‫א‬J ٩
‫א‬‫א‬ E٧J ١٠F‫א‬E012DFHE010AF H
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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 E٧J ١٠F‫א‬
RAM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WENJ ١٠
E00FFFHE10000 FH‫א‬A8‫א‬J ١١
‫א‬‫א‬ALE‫א‬0000 0000‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RD‫א‬74HCT573
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢‫א‬J ١٣
KE0074F H‫א‬‫א‬E0060FH‫א‬‫א‬( 0001)H ,(0002)H 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

E01FF) H EH0100) H A8‫א‬J ١٤
E010AFH ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬12‫א‬J ١٥
 KE012D) H
E‫א‬ROM‫א‬‫א‬FA8‫א‬J ١٦
E00FFFHE0000FHA8‫א‬J ١٧
‫א‬MM- 8000‫א‬ResetJ ١٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬B,C‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ResetJ ١٩
 KRAM‫א‬ENRAMJ ٢٠
‫א‬‫א‬ALE‫א‬EDCFH1101 1100‫א‬‫א‬J ٢١
KROM‫א‬RD‫א‬8156
‫א‬( FF) H(DD)H‫א‬21‫א‬J ٢٢
  ٣٦
RAM‫א‬EFENRAMJ ٢٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢٤
‫א‬‫א‬E٧J ١٠FE٦J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 KAD7AD0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 Delay section & Display Section

E80F9)H‫א‬‫א‬E80ECFH‫א‬‫א‬RAM‫א‬Delay‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬CopyK36ROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KRAMROM‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(0074)H‫א‬‫א‬ROMdisplay‫א‬
(80FE)H‫א‬‫א‬(80FA)H‫א‬‫א‬RAM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(00A4)H
RAM‫א‬ROM‫א‬‫א‬EmodeF‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬Reset J ١
Power on‫א‬ J ٢
ROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ENROM J ٣
ROM‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬FWEN J ٤
ROM‫א‬‫א‬E٨J ١٠‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FK(00A4)H‫א‬‫א‬(0074)H‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ALE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEWR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECODEF
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
-١٤٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

(٨-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
‫א‬‫א‬(0040)H‫א‬‫א‬E٩J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 (004F)H
(٩-١٠) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
-١٤٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

(0100)H‫א‬‫א‬ROM‫א‬‫א‬A8‫א‬J ٧
 (01FF)H
(011C)H‫א‬‫א‬FF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٨
RAM‫א‬(80EE)H ‫א‬‫א‬ROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(011C)H‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
ROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEN J ٩
‫א‬E٧J ١٠‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٠
(011C)H  ‫א‬‫א‬(012D)H(010A)H ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FFF
E‫א‬‫א‬RD‫א‬ALE‫א‬
(00FF)H(0000)HROM‫א‬A8‫א‬ J ١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٢
  E٦J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬z(0044)H(0060)H‫א‬(0002)H (0000)H

xE٨J ١٠F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٣
ROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ENROM J ١٤
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ERUNF Reset J ١٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(00F‫א‬DDADAEmodeF
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E00F‫א‬
8‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬Reset J ١٦
KROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WENENROM J ١٧
E01FF)(0100FROM‫א‬‫א‬A8‫א‬ J ١٨
-١٤٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(011C)‫א‬‫א‬E05)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٩
‫א‬F10msRAM‫א‬(80EE)‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬
ROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEN J ٢٠
K011C‫א‬‫א‬05‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢١
A8 ROMENROM J ٢٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ERunFReset
‫א‬ J ٢٣
l0ms‫א‬
‫א‬Reset J ٢٤
 AL Mode‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ROM‫א‬WENENROM J ٢٥
‫א‬‫א‬(12)‫א‬(0128)‫א‬‫א‬(FD)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢٦
K(012B)
(0128) ‫א‬‫א‬RAM‫א‬(0128)‫א‬‫א‬(FD)‫א‬J
 KAL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
DAL(80FD)‫א‬‫א‬RAM‫א‬(012B)‫א‬‫א‬12‫א‬J
 K‫א‬
ROM‫א‬WEN J ٢٧
‫א‬‫א‬(0128)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢٨
(012B)
ROM‫א‬ENROM  J ٢٩
DAL (12)‫א‬Reset J ٣٠
AL EF‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Reset J ٣١
-١٤٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

AH Mode‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬(0128F‫א‬‫א‬FE‫א‬26‫א‬3125‫א‬‫א‬J ٣٢
E34F‫א‬30‫א‬K(012C)‫א‬‫א‬(34FAH
 AH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DHA
 Pattern‫א‬
(012C)‫א‬‫א‬(56),(78) ‫א‬26‫א‬31‫א‬25‫א‬ J ٣٣
E ‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬EE٩J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
AH‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
DAHDALMODEL‫א‬٢٦‫א‬٣١٢٥‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣٤
 E١٠J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬23‫א‬ (00)30‫א‬

(١٠-١٠) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣٥

Key Board ‫א‬٨J ١٠
16‫א‬MM8000
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Functional Keys(FF(0)‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬scan ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF
-١٤٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 E٢٢J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(٢٢-١٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
(٢٢-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
-١٤٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬٩J ١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECaseF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٣J ١٠F‫א‬
(٢٣-١٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 Scan Routine‫א‬‫א‬١J ٩J ١٠

 ‫א‬‫א‬E2‫א‬F‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬3‫א‬
‫א‬00D2‫א‬‫א‬00A2‫א‬‫א‬Scan Routine‫א‬ J 
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ERST
( 00D4)‫א‬‫א‬Key Found Routine‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(00E1)
‫א‬‫א‬( 00E2)‫א‬‫א‬Data Found Routine ‫א‬_
 ‫א‬‫א‬(00F0)
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬Reset J ١
Power on ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
ROM‫א‬ENROM J ٣
ROM‫א‬‫א‬WEN J ٤
E١١J ١٠F‫א‬ROM‫א‬3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
(00FO)‫א‬‫א‬(00A2)‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
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(١١-١٠) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ 

ROM‫א‬‫א‬WEN J ٦
0000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1,2,3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٧
(00F0)(0060)‫א‬‫א‬(0002)
E004F‫א‬E٩J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٨
(004F)
(01FF)‫א‬‫א‬(0100)ROM‫א‬‫א‬A8‫א‬ J ٩
(012D)‫א‬‫א‬E010A)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١٠
ROM‫א‬E ROM J ١١
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬EFReset J ١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(00)DDA
E01F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1‫א‬‫ א‬J ١٣
(2)‫א‬(1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(2)‫א‬‫ א‬J ١٤
EF‫א‬
 (3)‫א‬‫ א‬J ١٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(F)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬(FF)(F)‫א‬‫ א‬J ١٦
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬(00)‫א‬
 Reset‫א‬ J ١٧
RAMDDA16 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(FF)‫א‬
KROM
K16‫א‬ J ١٨
KReset ‫א‬–RST‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١٩
KReset J ٢٠
K‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢١
 Function Keys Routine ‫א‬٢J ٩J ١٠

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 K‫א‬ST,R,DA,AL,AH,GO,X1,X2‫א‬4‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(F FND) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬3‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ST ‫א‬ J ١
DAL,DAH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EDDAF
 EDAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
DAL ,DAH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬DDA‫א‬
AH,AL,DA‫א‬ J ٣
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AH
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AL
 ‫א‬DA
 GO‫א‬J ٤
 DAH, DAL ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬X1,X2 J ٥
 KMM-8000

-١٥٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬Reset‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
ROMENROM J ٣
ROMWEN J ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬E١٢J ١٠F‫א‬(005F)(0050)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4‫א‬
E١٣J ١٠F‫א‬(00FF)‫א‬‫א‬(00F1)

(١٢-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
(١٣-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
-١٥٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 (01FF)(0100)‫א‬‫א‬ROM‫א‬A8 J ٦
RD‫א‬GO‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧
E١٣J ١٠‫א‬‫א‬FE0109F(0100F‫א‬‫א‬4‫א‬
KROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEN J ٨
7‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩
(012D)‫א‬‫א‬(010A)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
A8 ‫א‬ J ١٠
(0000) ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١١
(00FF) ‫א‬‫א‬( 0040) ‫א‬‫א‬( 0002)‫א‬‫א‬
ROM‫א‬ENROM  J ١٢

CHECKING MODES ‫א‬

AD‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFReset J ١٣
K00‫א‬
‫א‬11‫א‬1‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٤
‫א‬‫א‬AL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KAL‫א‬ J ١٥
 00 ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬22‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–2‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KAH‫א‬ J ١٧
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬33‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–3‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٨
DA‫א‬‫א‬DA‫א‬ J ١٩
‫א‬11‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AL‫א‬AL‫א‬ J ٢٠
22‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ AH‫א‬AH‫א‬ J ٢١
K33‫א‬
-١٥٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 RAM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬
 STORING- READING IN RAM 

E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FAH‫א‬AH‫א‬ J ١
DAH80‫א‬0‫א‬8‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
ALE‫א‬F‫א‬AL‫א‬ J ٣
KDAL000‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤

 E8000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F

‫א‬DA‫א‬DA‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
DDA12‫א‬2‫א‬1‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
DALDAH‫א‬8000‫א‬‫א‬(12)‫א‬ST‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DALDAH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(8001)
01‫א‬‫א‬DALAL‫א‬AL‫א‬ J ٤
K8001‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ST‫א‬
DA‫א‬DA‫א‬ J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬27,28‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦




(١٤-١٠) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ 
 08DAL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AL ‫א‬AL‫א‬ J ٧
F(8000) DAL DAH٢٥٢٢‫א‬‫א‬ J ٨
E8000) ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ R‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩
‫א‬12‫א‬DA‫א‬12‫א‬(8000)
‫א‬DALDAH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١٥٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٤‫א‬ J ١٠
ROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ROMWEN J ١١
‫א‬‫א‬F(012E)‫א‬DAH,DAL٢٥٢٢‫א‬ J ١٢
E‫א‬
DA‫ א‬J ١٣
‫א‬‫א‬٢٧،٢٨‫א‬ J ١٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
012E 11
012F 22
013O 33


ROM‫א‬WNE J ١٥

(012E)‫א‬DAH,DAL,٢٢،٢٥‫א‬ J ١٦
39‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٤‫א‬ J ١٧
GO ‫א‬‫א‬
(8000)E‫א‬‫א‬FDAH,DAL٢٥٢٢‫א‬ J ١٨
DA‫א‬DA‫א‬ J ١٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٧،٢٨‫א‬ J ٢٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
8000  C3
 8001 00
 8002 80
 8000‫א‬JMP8000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١٥٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 8000DAH,DAL٢٢،٢٥‫א‬ J ٢١
45‫א‬‫א‬٣٤‫א‬ J ٢٢
(8000) DAL,DAH‫א‬٢٢{٢٥‫א‬ J ٢٣
KGO‫א‬E00F‫א‬AL‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ (8000)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬RST‫ א‬J ٢٥
 
‫א‬E8001F‫א‬‫א‬(8000)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
8000 17
8001 32

K( 8001) ‫א‬‫א‬( 8000) ‫א‬‫א‬E١٥J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﺮة‬ 








(١٥-١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬

-١٥٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬Reset J ١
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
E‫א‬F‫א‬Reset J ٣
AH‫א‬ J ٤
DAH8008‫א‬ J ٥
AL‫א‬ J ٦
DAL022 0‫א‬ J ٧
DA‫א‬DA‫א‬ J ٨
DAA211‫א‬2‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩
8002‫א‬‫א‬DAA‫א‬(21)‫א‬ST‫א‬ J ١٠
KE١٥J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬9,10‫א‬ J ١١
( 8002‫א‬74‫א‬ J ١٢
( 8002) ‫א‬‫א‬21‫א‬R‫א‬ J ١٣
E١٥J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬13‫א‬ J ١٤

 ( 8001) ‫א‬‫א‬( 8000)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

( 8000)‫א‬DALDAH7‫א‬4‫א‬ J ١
 DA‫א‬DA‫א‬ J ٢
DDA(17)7‫א‬1‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
8000‫א‬‫א‬(17)‫א‬ST‫א‬ J ٤
DAA( 32) 23‫א‬ J ٥
( 8001)‫א‬‫א‬( 32) ‫א‬ST‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦
 ‫א‬
DAH,DAL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( 8001)‫א‬‫א‬32‫א‬ J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬( 8002)
 1732‫א‬‫א‬GO‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
-١٥٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 x‫א‬z
 
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ECF‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
    
   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
-١٦٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
EF  ‫א‬‫א‬  



 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 x‫א‬z

 ٣W٢W١W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 ٥٠ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 ٣٥ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٣
 ١٥ 
  ١٠٠  ‫א‬

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
-١٦١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
Reference
1-Basic electronics
A text- Lab manual- Fifth Edition-
Paul B – Zbar
Albert P.malvino
2-Linear circuit LAB

KL – 200
Module Experiment manual
King instrument Electronics CO,LTD
3-Electricity Circuit LAB

Experiment manual
KL – 100
4- Experiments for electronics principle

Albert P-Malvino with G Johnson
5- Industrial electronics Atext LAB manual

BY : Paul B-Zbar
Pub : MG Graw – Hill
6- Electricity electronics fundamentals

A text Lab . manual
Joseph G . Sloop
7- Electronic for technicians

GD Bishop Macmillan
8- Modern industrial electronic

Timothy j Maloney
prentice Hall
9- Electronic principles
Albert P-Malvino
‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
-١٦٢-
 ‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬


 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬

 ١ ‫ א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٢ J
 ٣ ‫א‬‫א‬J
٤ ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٦
 ٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ٦
 ٤ ‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ١J ٦
 ٥ ٢J ١J ٦
٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ١J ٦
٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ١ J ٦
 ٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ١J ٦
٩ ٣J ١J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ١J ٦
١٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ١J ٦
 ١٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٣J ١J ٦
 ١٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٦
١٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٦
 ١٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ٦
 ١٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ٦
 ١٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ٢J ٦
 ١٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ٢J ٦
 ١٩ ‫א‬J
 ٢٠ J
 ٢٢ J
 ٢٤ J
 ٢٦ ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٢٩ ‫א‬J
 ٣٠ ‫א‬‫ א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣١ J
 ‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ٣٤ ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٣٦ ‫א‬١J ٧
 ٣٧ ‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ٧



 ‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬
 ٣٩ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ١J ٧
 ٣٩ ‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١J ١J ٧

 ٤١ ‫א‬٢J ١J ٧
 ٤٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ١J ٧
 ٤٣ ‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ١J ٧
 ٤٤ E ‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬٢J ٧
 ٤٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٧
 ٤٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ٧
 ٤٦ ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٢J ٧
 ٤٧ ‫א‬J
 ٤٨ J
 ٤٩ J
 ٥٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٦ J
 ٥٧ DC ‫א‬SCR ‫ א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٨ J
 ٥٩ J
 ٦١ SCR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٨
 ٦١ ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬١J ١J ٨
 ٦٢ ‫א‬٢J ١J ٨
 ٦٢ ‫א‬٣J ١J ٨
 ٦٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ١J ٨
 ٦٥ ‫א‬SCR ‫א‬٢J ٨
 ٦٨  ‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٨
 ٦٩ ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ٨
 ٧١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SCR ‫א‬٤J ٨
 ٧٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤J ٨
 ٧٣ ‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤J ٨
 ٧٦ ‫א‬٥J ٨
 ٧٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٥J ٨
 ٧٨ ‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ٥J ٨
 ‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ٧٩ DC ‫א‬٢J ٥J ٨

 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬
 
 ٨٠ ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٥J ٨

 ٨١ ‫א‬J
 ٨٢ J
 ٨٣ J
 ٨٤ J
 ٨٥ ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ٨٨ J
 ٨٩ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩٠ J
 ٩١ ‫א‬– ‫א‬– ‫א‬١J ٩
 ٩٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٩
 ٩٣ ‫א‬٣J ٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩٤ ‫א‬٤J ٩
 ٩٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٩
٩٧ ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٥J ٩
١٠٠ J
١٠١ J
١٠٣ J
١٠٤ J
١٠٥ ‫א‬‫א‬J
١٠٨  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
١٠٩ E F  W ‫א‬‫א‬
١١٠ J
١١١ ‫א‬‫א‬J
١١٣ MM- ‫א‬‫א‬١J ١٠
١١٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ١٠
١١٩ ٢J ١٠
١٢٢ ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ١٠
١٢٤ ‫א‬‫א‬8155 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١٠
 ‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
١٢٤ RAM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ١٠
١٢٩ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ١٠


 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬

١٣٤ ‫א‬٥J ١٠

١٣٥ EEPROM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ١٠
١٣٥ 2816EEPROM ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٦J ١٠
١٤٠ 8085 ‫א‬٧J ١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٤٠ 8085 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٧J ١٠
١٤٢ ‫א‬٢J ٧J ١٠
١٤٣ MM- ‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٧J ١٠
١٥٢ ‫א‬٨J ١٠
١٥٤ ‫א‬‫א‬٩J ١٠
١٥٤ ‫א‬١J ٩J ١٠
١٥٧ ‫א‬٢J ٩J ١٠
١٦٢ J
١٦٤ ‫א‬‫א‬J
١٦٦ ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬



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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Non suicidal  Sinusoidal Wav ‫א‬‫א‬

 Positive Feed Back‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 Wien – Bridge Oscillator٢J ١J ٦

0.5W‫א‬K1KΩ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮة‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 2.2kΩ 1kΩ= R2R1‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠

 Square andTriangular Wave Oscillator‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٦

 Triangular Wave ‫א‬

C1(µf) ƒo ƒm VO1p-p VC p-p

 C1(µf) Vo2 p-p

 Voltage Control Oscillator‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠

E20HZ-20KHZF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

Frequency Modulation FM ‫א‬٢J ١J ٧

Varactor‫א‬‫א‬ ( FM modulator FFM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J ‫א‬J J 12VW‫א‬

 Receiver‫א‬ E٩J ٧F‫א‬

 AM ‫א‬‫א‬Envelope Detector‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Silicon Controlled Rectifier ESCRF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 Forward Break Over VoltageVBRF‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬J ١١

 Holding Current ( IHO) ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬J ١٢

VAA IG mA IA mA VAK VRL SCR

R3‫א‬ SCR‫א‬‫א‬W 

VAA IG mA IA mA VAK VRL SCR

SCRE 180οZπ  F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

OFFSCR E٩J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ EILF‫א‬

 Full wave converterDC‫א‬٢J ٥J ٨

R1: 2.2 KΩ 0.5W P1: 1MΩ

‫א‬8 LEDs DriveEF‫א‬‫א‬J

mm -8000PC Board‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ١٠F‫א‬

(١٥- ١٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 WEEPROM 2816 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Delay section & Display Section

 Function Keys Routine ‫א‬٢J ٩J ١٠

CHECKING MODES ‫א‬

K( 8001) ‫א‬‫א‬( 8000) ‫א‬‫א‬E١٥J ١٠F‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﺮة‬ 

 ( 8001) ‫א‬‫א‬( 8000)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

2-Linear circuit LAB

3-Electricity Circuit LAB

4- Experiments for electronics principle

5- Industrial electronics Atext LAB manual

6- Electricity electronics fundamentals

7- Electronic for technicians

8- Modern industrial electronic

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