Cell Growth and Division

Chapter 10 Biology pp. 240-259

Cell Division
Process by which one cell produces two new

daughter cells
Results in 2 cells that are identical to the

parent cell

Cell Division
Prokaryotic Cells (bacteria)

2 Steps 1. DNA is copied 2. Cell Splits by binary fission

The Cell Cycle

In eukaryotic cells Repeating sequence of growth and division Three things occur during the cell cycle:

Growth Preparation to divide Divides to form two daughter cells

Events of the Cell Cycle

G1
S G2 Mitosis Cytokinesis

Interphase The Cell spends the majority of its life here, growing and functioning. During the S Phase of the Cell Cycle, the DNA replicates, in anticipation of Mitosis

Interphase
Longest part of cell cycle Not a phase of mitosis

Period of cell growth

G1 = Cell grows and makes new proteins and organelles S = DNA is replicated G2 = Organelles and molecules required for division are produced

Mitosis
Process by which a cells nucleus divides

4 main phases

Prophase Metaphas Anaphase Telophase

PMAT

Prophase
The longest phase of mitosis

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes

In Early Prophase of Mitosis the Chromosomes get small, centrioles move to the poles of the nucleus, and spindle fibers develop

Pair of Centrioles

Chromosomes consisting of 2 Sister Chromatids

Spindle Fibers

Late Prophase happens when the Nuclear Envelope disintegrates and spindle fibers begin to move Chromosomes toward the center of cell.

Spindle Fibers

Chromosomes

During Metaphase the Chromosomes line up across center of the cell, also called the equator, or Metaphase plate.

Spindle Fibers

Equator, or Metaphase Plate

Chromosomes

Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell Spindle fibers connect to the centromere

In Anaphase the Chromatids that make up each Chromosome move apart and travel to opposite ends of cellular spindle

Daughter Chromosomes

Chromatid

Chromosome

Anaphase
Chromosomes split

2 sister chromatids move to opposite poles

End when chromosomes stop moving

In Telophase an envelope surrounds each set of Chromatids to form new Nucleus and the Cytoplasm starts to divide

Cleavage Furrow

Telophase
Chromosomes at each pole uncoil

Nuclear envelope reforms

Spindle fibers break down

Cytokinesis takes place when the Cytoplasm divides and two cells with identical genetic material are formed

Daughter Cells

Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm

Animals = pinched in half by a cleavage furrow Plants = formation of cell plate and then a cell wall

Cell membrane grows to enclose both cells

Study the sequence below. Which cellular process missing from this sequence produces cells having a chromosome number of 2n?

A. meiosis B. mitosis C. respiration D. fertilization