Ekadasi

By

Tamarapu Sampath Kumaran

About the Author: Mr T Sampath Kumaran is a freelance writer. He regularly contributes articles on Management, Business, Ancient Temples, and Temple Architecture to many leading Dailies and Magazines. His articles are popular in The Young World section of THE HINDU. His e-books on nature, environment, festivals and different cultures of people around the world are educative and of special interest to the young. His e-books Guide to 108 Divya Desams, Guide to 275 Siva Sthalams, Ganesha, Muruga, Pilgrimage to Narasimhaswami shetrams, Tirupati Gangamma, Vision of Sri Madhwacharya and Guru Raghavendra, The Path of Ramanuja, Guide to Kancheepuram, Hanuman and Hinduism in a nutshell, Puri Jagannath Rathayatra, have been well received in the religious circle. He was associated in the renovation and production of two Documentary films on Nava Tirupathi Temples, and Tirukkurungudi Temple in Tamilnadu.

Acknowledgement: I wish to express my gratitude to the authors from whose works I gathered the details for this book, and Courtesy, Google for some of the photographs. Special thanks to www.scribd.com for hosting my e-books.

Ekadasi is a Sanskrit word, which means 'the eleventh'. It refers to the eleventh day of a fortnight belonging to a lunar month. There are two fortnights in a lunar monththe bright and the dark. So, Ekadasi occurs twice in a month, in the bright fortnight and the dark fortnight. Two Ekadasis occur in one month according to the positions of the moon. The progression of the moon from full moon to new moon is divided into fifteen equal arcs. Each arc measures one lunar day, called "tithi": The time it takes the moon to traverse that distance is the length of that lunar day. Ekadasi refers to the 11th tithi, or lunar day. The eleventh tithi therefore corresponds to a precise phase of the waxing and waning moon: In the bright half of the lunar month, the moon will appear roughly 3/4 full on Ekadasi, and in the dark half of the lunar month, the moon will be about 3/4 dark on Ekadasi. Ekadasi is a highly auspicious day dedicated to Lord Vishnu. It is also known as Hari-Vasara which means Lord Haris day. As per Hindu calendar there are 24 Ekadasis in a year and two more are added to the list during Adhika Masa. Ekadasi fast is considered highly pious and is assumed to be one of the ways to attain Moksha (salvation). Shri Vishnu Sahasranama stothram calls HIM Ekasmai Namaha meaning salutations to the ONE. So in the very name of Ekadasi, Shri Hari is present and hence it is a very auspicious day. Since Shri Hari is the presiding deity for Ekaadasi, it is also called 'Haridina' meaning a day to be dedicated entirely for worshipping Him, meditating upon Him, listening to His glory and studying the scriptures. Sri Purandara Dasa says vrathagalellavu hardina vrathadahinde. This is a unique concept of the followers of Dvaita philosophy. The special feature of Ekadasi, as most people know it, is a fast, abstinence from diet. This is how it is usually understood. Ekadasi Supreme of all Fast. Ekadasi vrat is most beneficial of all vratas and upvasa (fasting). It is believed to be equivalent to performing many Yagnas. It is so commendable fast that anyone who hears or reads the story of Ekadasi is freed from all kinds of sins. Ekadashi samutthena vahnina patakendhanam. bhasmibhavati rajendra api janmashatodbhavam.

Meaning: With the Ekadasi as fire, and sin as fuel; sins gets incinerated. Therefore, while other actions can bring some benefits, none can match the power of an Ekadasi in terms of removing the accumulation of sins .

Story of Goddess Ekadasi: There is a beautiful story about the origin of Ekadasi fasting. Once, in the Satyayuga (the golden age) Lord Narayana was engaged in a battle with a demon called Mura. Feeling tired, the Lord decided to rest from the long battle. However, Mura wanted to kill the Lord while he was sleeping. Suddenly from the body of the Lord manifested a young girl, who slayed the demon Mura. This girl was the none other than Mahasakti. Pleased, Narayana gave her the name Ekadasi (as she appeared on the eleventh day of the waning moon). He also granted her the boon that anyone who fasts on Ekadasi will become free from sin and attain His transcendental abode. Lord Krishna in Bhagavath geetha says those who do Ekadasi fasting are very dear and near to Him. Even if not fasting, just reading corresponding stories of each Ekadasi will give salvation. The significance of Ekadasi and Dvadasi vrathams are covered in Srimadh

Bhagavatham in Canto 9, chapters 4 and 5. These chapters of Srimadh Bhagavatham are brilliantly summarized by Sri Naarayana Bhattadhiri in his Naarayaneeyam (33rd dasakam). List of Ekadasis: The Day of Lord Hari 1. Utpana 5. Sat-tila 2. Mokshada 3. Saphala 4. Putrada

6. Jaya / Bhaimi 7. Vijaya 8. Amalaki 10. Kamada 11. Varutini 12. Mohini

9. Paapmochani

13. Apara 14. Nirjala 15. Yogini 16. Sayana / Padma 17. Kamika 18. Putrada 19. Aja / Annada 20. Parivartini / Parsva 21. Indira 22. Papankusha 23. Rama 24. Haribhodini / Utthana Adik maasa 25. Padmini 26. Parama Details of Ekadasis occurring during the Hindu calendar months, (corresponding English months) are given hereunder:

UTPANA EKADASI

MOKHSADA EKADASI fall during Margashirsha (Agrahayana) month. (NovemberDecember) The Bhavisyottara Purana describes the glories of Utpanna Ekadasi in a conversation between Sri Krishna and Arjuna. One can enjoy all kinds of comforts and gets the shelter of Lord Vishnu, after death. The Margashirsha shukla paksha ekadashi in lunar calendar is known as a Mokshada Ekadashi. Mokshada Ekadasi helps in attaining Moksha, or liberation. Vaikunta Ekadasi occurs in the Hindu calendar month of Marghazhi or Margashira or Margasirsa (corresponding to late December January in English calendar). Vaishnavism (Worship of Lord Vishnu) culture believes that Vaikunta Dwaram or the gate to Lords Inner Sanctum is opened on this day. However Vaikunta Ekadashi in Sri Rangam Temple (Tamilnadu) is in the solar margashira month (Margazhi). The legend about Mokshada Ekadasi is narrated by Lord Krishna to the Pandavas King Yudhistira in the Brahmanda Purana. According to Puranas, Lord Vishnu opened the gate of Vaikuntam (his abode) for two demons in spite of them being against the Lord. The demons asked for the boon that those listen to their story and see the image of Lord coming out of the Dwar called Vaikunth Dwar (Doors of Heaven) also reach Vaikunt as well. Temples all over the India makes a door kind of structure for devotees to pass through on this day.

SAPHALA EKADASI

PUTRADA EKADASI

fall during Pausha (DecemberJanuary) SAPHALA EKADASI The history of Saphala Ekadasi is found in the Bhavisya-uttara Purana. Lord Krishna tells Yudhisthira the history of Prince Lumpaka who fell into material consciousness and preformed sinful deeds, but was elevated to the stage of pure consciousness by the observance of Saphala Ekadasi. PUTRADA EKADASI The history of Putrada Ekadasi is found in the Bhavisya Purana. Lord Krishna narrates the history where King Suketuman asks Visvadevas how to remedy his problems. Visvadevas replied that if he observed Putrada Ekadasi, his problems will be solved.

SAT-TILA EKADASI

JAYA EKADASI Falls during Maagha (JanuaryFebruary) SAT-TILA EKADASI The history of Sat-tila Ekadasi is mentioned in the Bhavisya-uttara Purana where Pulastya Muni tells Dalabhya Muni how Lord Krishna took the form of a mendicant and went to ask for some eatables from an austere lady. It is mentioned how she dealt with the Mendicant and what result she received in her next life. The name of the Ekadashi is Sat-Tila as it is believed that donating Til (Sesame) seeds on this day will help in redeeming sins. It is also considered highly auspicious to take bath in water mixed with til (sesame seeds) and offer oblations to dead ancestors with water mixed with sesame seeds. JAYA EKADASI The history of Bhaimi Ekadasi also known as Jaya Ekadasi is found in the Bhavisya Purana where Lord Krishna tells Yudhisthira how Malyavan, the famous celestial singer, was cursed by Indra to become a hobgoblin. While singing in the assembly of Indra, Malyavan became lustfully attracted to Puspavati, which disturbed the assembly. Thus being cursed by Indra, both Malyavan and Puspavati

fell from heaven and suffered on earth until they performed the Jaya Ekadasi fast. This history indicates if Jaya Ekadasi is followed properly, one can become free from all categories of curses. VIJAYA EKADASI

AMALAKI EKADASI Falls during Phalguna (FebruaryMarch) VIJAYA EKADASI The history of Vijaya Ekadasi is found in the Skanda Purana, where Lord Krishna reveals how His fasting on Vijaya Ekadasi, in His incarnation as Lord Rama, enabled Him to cross the Indian Ocean and defeat Ravana. This Ekadasi indicates that no matter how big a danger one has ahead of him, it can be mitigated by observance of the Vijaya Ekadasi fast. AMALAKI EKADASI The history of Amalaki Ekadasi is mentioned in the Brahmanda Purana, where Vasistha Muni states to King Mandhata about how King Vasuratha observed the Ekadasi fast properly and was saved from his previous enemies. This history indicates that devotional life has to be free from disturbance from enemies. Dedicated to Amlaki or Gooseberry Tree, observance of this Ekadasi is believed to bring in great prosperity and benefits.

PAPAMOCHANI EKADASI

KAMADA EKADASI Falls during Chaitra (MarchApril) PAPAMOCHANI EKADASI The history of Papamochani Ekadasi is mentioned in the Bhavisya Uttara Purana where Lomasa rishi narrated the history to King Mandhata. In the history, a young sage named Medhavi became attracted to a beautiful celestial girl named Manjughosa. and broke his spiritual vow of celibacy with her. After realizing his mistake, he observed Papamochani Ekadasi, and regained his pure state again. This Ekadasi indicates that every trouble can be solved on the spiritual path, provided one is serious in the following. KAMADA EKADASI The history of Kamada Ekadasi originates from the Varaha Purana, where Vasistha Muni narrates the history of a celestial singer named Lalita. He describes that Lalita was cursed by King Pundarika to become a cannibal and suffer on earth. But through the advice his wife received from the Sage Sringi, he acquired the merits of Kamada Ekadasi and thus received liberation. This Ekadasi indicates that merits earned for following Ekadasi can be transferred to a loved one. Observing a vrat on this day is highly significant as a sincere devotee can get rid of all his sins

committed so far. A fast on this day will assist in getting rid of all sins and guilt that are a result of lust.

VARUTHINI EKADASI

MOHINI EKADASI Falls during Vaisakha (AprilMay) VARUTHINI EKADASI This history is taken from the Bhavisya Uttara Purana where Lord Krishna tells Yudhisthira how one should be cautious of whom he gives charity. Only a traditionally born pure Brahmana is Scriptually allowed to accept charity. If someone gives charity indiscriminately, the result is unrewarding. MOHINI EKADASI The history of Mohini Ekadasi is found in the Kurma Purana where Lord Krishna speaks about the conversation which took place between Lord Rama and Vasistha Muni. Vasistha Muni stated to Lord Rama how the sinful Dhrstabuddhi received liberation by observing this Ekadasi, which eliminates all sins and helps in leading a happy and prosperous life. Also, a person undergoing sadness is effectively able to overcome this sickness

APARA EKADASI

NIRJALA EKADASI Falls during Jyeshta (MayJune) APARA EKADASI The narration of this Ekadasi is explained in the Brahmanda Purana where Lord Krishna speaks to King Yudhisthira the result one obtains by performing this Ekadasi. This vrat would help in eliminating their sins and henceforth, would finally assist them in attaining Moksha, or salvation. NIRJALA EKADASI This Ekadasi is narrated by Srila Vyasadeva to Bhimasena in the Brahma Vaivarta Purana. Among the Pandavas, Bhimasena was the voracious eater and could not follow the Ekadasi fast. When he learned that those who do not observe the Ekadasi incur sin, he wanted to know what he should do. Srila Vyasadeva explained Nirjala Ekadasi to him. It is the strictest fast among all the Ekadashis in the Hindu religion as one cannot even drink water while observing it

YOGINI EKADASI

PADMA EKADASI Falls during Ashada (JuneJuly) YOGINI EKADASI The history of Yogini Ekadasi is found in the Brahma Vaivarta Purana, where Lord Krishna tells Yudhisthira how Hemamali, a servant of Kuvera, became free from the curse of Kuvera. It is the most significant Ekadashi fast in order to get rid of various ailments and diseases. PADMA EKADASI This chapter is quoted from the Bhavisya Uttara Purana where Lord Brahma explains to Narada how King Mandhata relieved his kingdom from trouble by fasting on Padma also known as Harishayani Ekadasi. It signifies that troubles can be mitigated by properly fasting on Padma Ekadasi.

KAMIKA EKADASI

PUTRADA EKADASI Falls during Shravana (July-August) KAMIKA EKADASI This chapter is quoted from the Brahma Vaivarta Purana where Lord Brahma explains to Narada the importance of performing devotional service and worshipping Tulasi while performing the Kamika Ekadasi fast. The result of performing this Ekadasi is unlimited. This chapter is found in the Bhavisya Uttara Purana where Lord Krishna tells Yudhisthira how Lomasa Rishi told King Mahijit to fast on Putrada Ekadasi to mitigate the curse that had been put on him by a thirsty cow. This vrat is considered highly significant and auspicious for performing good deeds and seeking blessings of the Lord. PATRADA EKADASI: There is a popular belief that married couples without children will be blessed with children if they observe Putrada Ekadasi.

AJA EKADASI

PARIVARTINI EKADASI Falls during Bhadrapada (AugustSeptember) AJA EKADASI The narration of this Ekadasi is found in the Brahma Vaivarta Purana where Gautama Muni tells King Harischandra to fast on Aja Ekadasi in order to solve his problems. Sometimes envious people create problems for others on the devotional path, as was the case of King Harischandra, but by properly fasting on this Ekadasi; such situations can be peacefully eradicated. PARIVARTINI EKADASI This Ekadasi chapter is found in the Brahma Vaivarta Purana where Lord Krishna tells Yudhisthira how Lord Vishnu rests on the serpent Sesha, in the Milk Ocean, and while asleep on this day that He turns over from sleeping on one side to His other. There is a history in this chapter referencing Lord Vamanadeva punishing King Bali Maharaja.

INDIRA EKADASI PAPANKUSA EKADASI

Falls during Ashvin (SeptemberOctober) .INDIRA EKADASI This chapter is found in the Brahma Vaivarta Purana where Narada Muni tells King Indrasena to perform Indira Ekadasi so that his suffering father can be released from hell. Fasting on Ekadasi does not only benefit the performer, it also helps one's relatives who may be suffering in hell. It is believed that observing this Ekadasi will help in removing the sins committed by oneself and ones forefathers PAPANKUSA EKADASI This chapter is found in the Brahma Vaivarta Purana where Lord Krishna speaks the very important points about how to observe Ekadasi and what merit one obtains by doing so. One will be able to fulfill his dreams and observing it is equal to performing numerous yajnas and making several offerings

RAMA EKADASI HARIBODHINI EKADASI

Falls during Kartik (OctoberNovember) RAMA EKADASI The history of this Ekadasi is found in the Brahma Vaivarta Purana where Lord Krishna tells King Yudhisthira about the history of Chandrabhaga and her deceased husband Shobhana. How Chandrabhaga could transfer the merits of her Ekadasi fast to her husband is stated in this chapter. Sins and evil deeds can be washed away by observing a vrat on this day. HARIBODHINI EKADASI This chapter is narrated by Lord Brahma to his son Narada in the Skanda Purana, where Lord Brahma tells how Lord Visnu and other demigods get up on this day. Kartika month ends on this day. The Hindu devotees believe that Lord Vishnu woke up from his Yoga Nidra (cosmic sleep) on this day In a Leap year (Purshottam Maasa) there is one extra month so 2 additional Ekadasis are there.

PADMINI EKADASI

PARAMA EKADASI PADMINI EKADASI In this chapter Lord Krishna describes the rules and regulations, as well as the benefits regarding the Ekadasi to Yudhisthira. Lord Krishna also narrates about the history of Kartaviryarjuna's mother Padmini, which Pulastya muni recites to Narada. This Ekadasi appears on the extra month of every leap year and hence very special. Whoever observes this Ekadasi will have all his desires fulfilled and surely attain to the spiritual abode of Krishna. PARAMA EKADASI Like Padmini Ekadasi this Ekadasi also appears on the extra month of every leap year. Fasting on this Ekadasi bestows the great benediction of an enjoyable life and ultimate liberation from birth and death, nullifies all kinds of sins and removes all miseries caused by poverty. The history of a brahmana Sumedha and his wife Pavitra is narrated by Lord Krishna to Yudhisthira. Though religious importance is attached to all Ekadasis, specific significance is attached to certain Ekadasis Vaikunta Ekadasi is one the important and auspicious days to the Hindus. It is dedicated to Lord Vishnu. It occurs in the Hindu calander month of Margazi (December and January). Also called the 'Mukkoti Ekadasi', Mokshada Ekadasi

when observed, it bestows liberation from the cycle of birth and death. The significance of Vaikunta Ekadasi is mentioned in the 'Padma Purana'. Fasting on Ekadasi is considered holier than any other religious observation. And according to Vishnu Purana, fasting on Vaikuntha Ekadasi is equivalent to fasting on the remaining 23 Ekadasis of the year Vaikunta stands for Vai+kunta whichmeans where there is no deficiency (kunta). The ego self "i" suffers from a feeling of deficiency. Because of identification of infinite self with limited body mind complex, the ego self always feels lacking. When the ego self drops in total surrender to the Lord, we attain Vaikunta - deep bliss and peace of the Spirit - Atman. Vaikunta Ekadasi fasting is for attaining liberation from the ego self. Vishnu opened the gate of Vaikuntam (his abode) for two demons in spite of their being against Him. They demons asked for the boon that whoever listens to their story and sees the image of Vishnu coming out of the door, called Vaikunt Dwar, will reach Vaikunt as well. Temples all over India make a door kind of structure for devotees to walk through on this day.

On the day of Vaikunta Ekadasi, Lord Krishna taught Bhagavad gita. The eighteen chapters of Bhagavad gita present the moksha shastra - secrets of Liberation. Through the path of Gnana, Bhakti and Karma, one reaches liberation. Bhagavad gita is the key to open the locks of the gates of Vaikunta. Study of Bhagavad gita, teaching of Bhagavad gita, practicing Bhagavad gita opens the Gate of Vaikunta. It is believed that on the day of the Vaikunta ekadasi, Devatas and Asuras churned the milky ocean. As per Hindu belief Milky ocean represents the satvik mind. Devatas and Asuras represent the positive and negative thoughts. It can be compared that churning produced the halahala poison, of deep routed samskaras and vasanas in us. Many powers of the mind - siddhis manifest represented by jewels coming out of Milky ocean, Dhanvantari the Divine doctor appearing (representing the healing abilities of sadhak), and Mahalaxmi (representing Divine qualities - shat sampatti) appearing. Finally, amrita - nectar appears. Nectar of wisdom, Nectar of enlightenment and Nectar of liberation. This is the day Lord Shiva drank poison and hence Ekadasi is also called Nanjunda ekadasi. Shiva represents - adi Guru. Who drinks the poison of the samskara and vasanas of human life.

The significance of Vaikunta Ekadasi and the splendour of the observance of that special Ekadasi can be witnessed by devotees at Srirangam Temple.

Guruvayur Ekadasi: Of the 24 Ekadasis a year, the Vrischika Ekadasi (Shukla Paksha) is celebrated in the Guruvayur Sreekrishna Temple. Ekadasi is the most sought after festival of temple town Guruvayur and devotees from all around throng the famed Sree Krishna temple to participate in the much popular festival. The Ekadasi festival coincides with the Mandala season and also at a time when temples in Kerala begin to reverberate with the festival tunes. And

each year thousands of devotees from across the State congregate at the Guruvayur Sree Krishna Temple to take part in the Ekadasi celebrations. Its believed that it was during the Suklapaksha Ekadasi day of the Malayalam month of Vrischikam that Lord Vishnu was reincarnated as Ekadasi Tithi in the form of a Devi. This day is also observed as Holy Gita Day as it was on this auspicious day that Lord Krishna imparted the teachings of Gita to Arjuna. Yet another legend says that Adi Sanakaracharya was flying over the Sree Krishna temple on this particular day. Since he did not bother to attend the Ekadasi Ezhunellippu that was going on in the temple premises, all of a sudden he lost his supernatural powers and fell flat in front of Lord Guruvayoorappan. There are still indications of Sankaras body found on the ground in the temple. Nirjala Ekadasi also known as Pandav Bhim Ekadasi is also an important and significant Ekadasis, and devotees do not even drink water on the day.

Legend has it that Bhima, the second of Pandava brothers, wanted to observe Ekadasi still ate food, since fasting was not possible. Sage Vyasa advised Bhim to observe Nirjala Ekadasi fasting which falls during the waxing phase (Shukla Paksha) in Jyeshta month as it has the benefits of observing all the 24 Ekadasis. Thus Bhim was able to get the benefits of all Ekadasis by observing Nirjala Ekadasi, without even drinking water. Nirjala Ekadasi is one of the strictest fast in Hindu religion and among all Ekadasis. Nirjala means without water. Staunch Vishnu devotees who undertake

this fast does not drink water while fasting on the day. No food is also consumed on the day. It is believed that observing Nirjala Ekadasi is equal to going on pilgrimage. It is believed that after death people who have observed Nirjala Ekadasi are received by messengers from Vaikunta, abode of Vishnu, and not by Yama, the god of death.

Kaisika Ekadasi: Belief is that those who undertake fast, and listen to Kaisika Puranam, on Kaisika Ekadasi will attain Vaikunta Moksham. Kaisika Puranam revolves round Nampaduvan, belonging to the Baanar family, his unflinching faith in Lord Nambi and how he was instrumental in liberating a Rakshasa from a curse. Caught by the demon, Nampaduvan pleads with him to allow him to go to the temple and observe the Ekadasi ritual that of singing the Lord's praise. Unable to convince the Rakshasa, Nampaduvan talks about Sathya Sankalpam: The world was created through promises' and continues to exist as a result of trust in each other. Nampaduvan makes 18 promises that night to the Rakshasa. Through these promises, narrated beautifully in the Kaisika Puranam as part of this lengthy discussion between Nampaduvan and Brahma Rakshasa, one comes to know of the basic values in life. It is the eighteenth promise that finally moves the demon. It goes thus: Swarva Swamiyum Moksha Pradhaana Sriman Narayananaiyum Devathai Galaiyum Samamaaga Bhaavikiravan Yaavaroruvan, Avanai Poley Nithya Samsaari Aaven. (If I do not return, I would have committed the biggest sin that exists that of

comparing and equating Lord Narayana with others. And I will become a sinner who will never get liberation from this cycle of births.) This extraordinary promise moves the Rakshasa and he lets Nampaduvan go, Wanting the fruits of Nampaduvan's devotion, for his own liberation. Nambaduvan shares with him the Kaisika' verses, which he had sung that very night in front of Lord Nambi. Just listening to these verses helps the Rakshasa attain Vaikunta Moksham. Kaisika Puranam, which is a part of Varaha Puraanam, showcases Lord Narayana as the supreme force. Parasara Bhattar, son of Koorathazhvaan, took up the story of a complex Kaisika Puranam (in Sanskrit) and wrote the vyakyaanam, in Tamil, in a simple, easily understandable language.

Devsayani Ekadasi: Ashadh Shukla Paksha Ekadashi is known as Devshayani Ekadasi. It is said that Lord Vishnu goes to sleep on this day and wakes up after four months on Prabodhini Ekadasi. Lord Krishna explained the significance of Shayani Ekadasi to Yudhisthira. The story is about a dedicated King - Mandata. The pious kings kingdom had faced drought for three years. In order to please the rain gods he met sage Angiras. The Sage advised King to fast on Devshayani Ekadashi with the people of his kingdom. Following the sages advice the King along with his people observed fast. And by the blessings of Lord Vishnu, there was a heavy rain. This Rain brought an end to all their miseries. Hence observing fast on Devshayani Ekadashi is considered to provide prosperity and happiness.

Mal Masa (Padmini) Ekadasi The Ekadasi of Malmasa or Purushotam Maas (Adhimasa) is called the Padmini Ekadashi. On this day, fast is observed and Puja of Shiva-Parvati and RadhaKrishna is performed. This Ekadashi has a special significance, since it does not occur every year. Person should perform full day fasting on Padmini Ekadashi. And, performing Jagran in the night is really significant, on this worshiping Lord Shiva, offering water, Bel-leaves, Datura and flowers to Shiva Linga. The story of Padmini Ekadasi is related of Ravan, the king of Lanka. Once, Ravan went for Digvijay (getting victories in all directions). In this journey of victory, he got defeated by Kartavirya Sahastrarjun. On getting defeated, he had to stay in prison of that king for many years. Finally he got free by the grace of Agastya Rishi. God Narad was very happy by the imprisonment of Ravan and he asked Rishi the reason behind Ravans defeat. Then, Rishi said that Kartavirya Arjun can be defeated only by Lord Vishnu, Because, his mother Padmini and father Kartavirya performed strong meditation in a wish for a child. And, as told by Mahasati Anusuiya, both of them observed the fast of Padmini Ekadashi. Pleased by their devotion, Lord Vishnu appeared before them and, blessed them with a heroic son.

Papankusha Ekadasi is the Ekadashi which falls on shukla paksha of Ashwin month. Because of the power of eradication the sins, it is called Papankunsha Ekadasi. This auspicious ekadashi is also known as Ashwina-shukla Ekadasi. Fasting and observing silence vow on this day eliminate all sins. The Story is about a hunter named Krodhana who lived in the city of Vindhyachal. He was engaged in all the wicked deeds like theft, killing animals, torturing others etc. He continued this malicious act till the end of his death. At the final moments, Lord Yama sent his representatives down to the Earth with the command of bringing him to hell. Krodhana was miserable with the fear of death; he approached Sage Angira one of the Saptharishis. The Sage advised Krodhana to observe fast on the day of Papankusha Ekadashi which would fall on the very next day and worship Lord Vishnu. Krodhana faithfully observed Papankusha Ekadashi and the austerities advised by Sage Angira. Finally, he attained Salvation at the Feet of Lord Sriman Narayana. Parivatini Ekadasi is the Bhadrapada Shukla Ekadasi and worshiping Vamana avatar on this day is equivalent to the worship of Trinity Brahma-VishnuMahesh. Like other Ekadashi this one also holds a unique story and great significance. Besides freeing you from Sins this Ekadashi also fulfills your wishes. Parivartini Ekadashi is also known as Parshva Ekadasi, Jal Zilani Ekadasi or Vamana Ekadashi. Story of Vamana or parivartini Ekadasi is about King Bali and Lord Vishnus Dwarf Avatar - Vamana avatar. King Bali was very rich, honest,

compassionate, justice loving and. above all he was a great devotee of lord Vishnu. Due to the power of his worship he started ruling the position of Indra. As a result Indra approached Lord Vishnu to save his kingdom.

Lord Vishnu took the form of Vamana a dwarf Brahmin and went to King Bali who was conducting a huge Yajna. King Bali was performing Daan, when and the young Vamana asked for three steps of land. King Bali accepted this small request. After that, Lord Vishnu increased his size. With his first step he covered the entire Earth, the second took the entire universe and when no space was left for the third step, King Bali offered his head. As soon as he placed his foot over the head of Bali, he got pushed deep to the Patal Lok. Satisfied with King Balis devotion, Lord Vishnu blessed him that he will live constantly with King Bali. Bhishma Ekadasi is observed in the Magha Masa which will come during the January and February.

Bheeshma Ekadasi is an auspicious occasion, the birth day of Sri Vishnu Sahasra Nama Sthothram. This sthothram was revealed to Pandavas by Bheeshmacharya

when he was on the bed of arrows, after the Mahabharatha war. Lord Krishna revealed Bhagavad Gita to Arjuna. Though Arjuna was able to converse with Lord Krishna and clear many of his doubts, he couldn't absorb it completely as-it-is from the view point of the Lord. Fortunately, Sanjaya who is televiewing and explaining the happenings of the war to the blind King Dhrutharashtra was able to view this upadesam also through whom Bhagavad Gita came into this world. Ekadasi day (11th day of the full/new moon phase) is considered to be very holy day on which devotees take minimum food and spend most of their time contemplating on the Lord. It is the day on which the Saththvik nature in man blossoms more easily and opens up the way for one's enlightenment. How fortunate we are if we are with our Acharya taking upadesam from Him about the best of the secrets a man needs to know in his life!! In the Kurukshethra war, between Pandavas and Kauravas, Krishna was the sarathi (charioteer) for Arjuna. After the day's battle, when they returned to the camp, Arjuna asked Krishna to get down and open the gate. This request baffled Krishna as He did not get the respect of a Guru who taught him Bhagavad Gita. Hence He concluded that, all His teaching was a waste. Then Krishna decided to choose an acharya who can teach dharma to Pandavas. According to Bhagavad Gitas Chapter 4 sloka 34, Thath viddhi pranipathena pariprasnena sevaya Upadekshyanthi the jnanam jnaninah thathva-darsinaha The path of spiritual realization is difficult. Krishna therefore advises Pandavas to approach an enlightened master for the realization of dharma. The above sloka dictates the principle behavior of a student, to his teacher, before anything could be learnt from the master. The student should surrender and this should be shown by a few activities which are dictated in the sloka. Prostrating before Guru, without any inhibition or ego Pranipatha. When the students are being taught, the disciple should be able to understand the essence of all those teachings. Thus, if the student gets a doubt, he should wait for the proper time and present them before his Guru in a prescribed way Pariprasnena. Gurus may not clarify the doubts at once, at times they wait few months or even years to test the disciples commitment and curiosity, and it may take a long time to get the answers. Till then the student should serve the master in a pleasing way which is called the "seva". Atlast the teacher who is a seer of the truth will reveal the ultimate secrets. Krishna realizes that the most eligible person to talk about the ultimate truth would be Bheeshma, who at that time was lying on the bed of arrows in the battlefield, ready to leave his mortal body. Krishna took Pandavas to Bheeshma and requested pithamaha (grandsire) to teach the Pandavas about the Ultimate Truth and Dharma. Krishna promised pithamaha that He would restore his memory that was buried deep due to the pains in his

body. As it was imparted from a great acharya chosen by the Lord Himself, Sri Vishnu Sahasra Nama is considered the essence of Gita and all the Vedas. Bheeshmacharya was lying on the bed of arrows after being put down by Arjuna during the war. After the war, Pandavas approached Bheeshma to teach them the higher principles of life and wisdom, from all his great experiences. Bheeshma who is a great Man of Action and Sacrifice, mastered the whole Dharma Sastra and practiced it strictly throughout his life. Even the Lord of Death feared to approach Bheeshma without his permission. Dharmaraja asks him to tell them the greatest of the secrets that made him so great and that he thinks is the best that can liberate all beings from the cycle of births and deaths and lead them to planes of highest Happiness, Bliss, The Lord. Then Bheeshmacharya having obtained boon from Lord Krishna to be able to speak in clear voice and memorise his past deeds reveals the essence of all that he learnt from a number of sages who had the vision of Lord in different forms. Bheeshma observe a number of austerities imposed by the sages, served them for long periods, satisfied them that he deserves to be taught the secret they have obtained after strenuous efforts, and finally obtained from them the secrets. Like a honey bee that collects the honey drops from all the flowers, Bheeshmacharya collected all the manthras from different sages and composed Sri Vishnu Sahasranama Sthothram which he used to practice daily. When Dharmaraja asked him to reveal the greatest of secrets, Bheeshma reveals this to Pandavas on Magha Suddha Ekadasi day in presence of Lord Krishna, showing Him and telling them that He is Lord of all Lords and praying Him with all 1000 names is all one can ever do to become more dear to Him which itself leads to salvation. Reciting it regularly or even listening to it is itself a great thing that empowers one with the strength to overcome all the difficulties and get on to the right path of Salvation. "Gurur Brahma Gurur Vishnu Gurur Devoh Maheshwar; Gurur Shakshat Parambramha Tashmai Shri Gurur Veh Namah".

Amalakii Ekadashi Vasishtha Muni said in Brahmanda Puran "Listen as I describe the best of all fast days, Amalakii Ekadashi. He who faithfully observes a fast on this Ekadasi obtains enormous wealth, gets free of the effects of all kinds of sins, and attains liberation. Fasting on this Ekadasi is more purifying than donating one thousand cows in charity to a pure brahmana." Once, in the month of Phalguna (February - March), the holy fast of Amalakii Ekadashi arrived, conjoined with Dvadasi. This particular fast would bestow especially great benefit. Amalakii is offspring of Lord Brahma, who can destroy all kinds of sinful reactions. Amalakii, is actually the form of Brahman, and was once worshiped by Lord Ramachandra Himself. Whoever circumambulates her is therefore immediately freed of all his sins. After having bath offered Amalakii tree a pot filled with water, as well as garland and aromatic incense. Then worship Lord Parashurama with these prayers:"Oh Lord Parashurama, Oh son of Renuka, Oh all-pleasing one, Oh liberator of the worlds, kindly come beneath this holy Amalakii tree and accept our humble obeisances. If the Amarlaki tree isn't available then worship the sacred Tulasi tree. Also plant the sacred Tulasi seeds, and offer lamps to her Scientific Importance of observing a fast on Ekadasi From time immemorial, devotees have been observing fasts twice a month on the Ekadasi days. This fasting is, in general, for everyone. Ekadasi ('Eka' is 1, 'Dasha' is 10) is the 11th day in the lunar calendar, i.e. counting from the new moon day and also from the full moon day.

The Ekadasi observance is an astrological phenomenon and it is observed due to this relation we have with some of the planets in the system. The entire personality of ours is tremendously influenced by the movement of planets. There is no use imagining that the planets are above our heads. They are everywhere. There is a relative movement of planets among which, the earth is one. The movement of one thing in relation to another is a relative movement. There is no planet which is static. Even the sun is not ultimately static. The whole solar system is moving and rushing towards some huge star, which is eighty million times larger and brighter than the sun, whose light has not yet reached us, as astronomers tell us. We have to understand that there is relative motion amongst planets and we are relatively influenced by the planets. Each planet tells upon our system and we cannot get rid of the influence of theirs as long as we are in this planet, of which we are a part. The gravitational pull of planets has an influence on us. The sun is said to influence the centre of our personality; hence the sun is called Atmakaraka. He is the soul-influencer of the human body. In the Rig-veda, the sun is identified with the soul of the universe as well as the soul of the individual. The different limbs of our body and different parts of our system are supposed to be influenced by different planets. The sun is capable of influencing the entire being. He is, thus, the Atmakaraka. Karaka is doer, manipulator, and director. The moon is supposed to influence the mind. The mind is also made up of material substance. The mind is not spiritual but material. Planets are not spiritual bodies, and yet they influence the mind. The mind's presiding deity is moon. Ekadasi is particularly relevant to this relation of moon and mind. The moon influences the mind in its orbital relative movement with reference to other planets and us.

How, is Ekadasi related to the movement of moon and mind? We have certain centres called Chakras in the body. The Chakras are nothing but energy-centres which whirl in some direction as water whirls in a river. Chakra is a wheel or circular motion. They move in a spiral shape. They are not physical; but psychophysical and psychological. These Chakras are neither in the mind nor in the body; they in the astral body. The moon's influence physically on the body has an influence on the Chakras, which tells upon the mind ultimately. The mind moves through these Chakras. The passage of the mind is through these Chakras, up and down. When this operation takes place consciously, it is called Yoga. When done unconsciously by the mind, it is just influence. When the moon waxes or wanes, the mind is vehemently influenced. So people who are not normal in their minds become very bad on the full-moon and new-moon days. You cannot see the moon's influence on the earth because it is solid, but it can be seen on the ocean which is liquid. The moon influences the whole earth, but its influence is visible on the large body of waters in the sea. This happens due to the twofold pressure of the relation of the earth and moon. The sun influences the moon and the moon influences the earth. When the influence occurs automatically, we are instruments in the hands of Nature. When it is done consciously, we are said to practice Yoga. We can be involuntarily dragged from place to place, or we can walk voluntarily. The difference is obvious. The moon's movement tells upon the movement of the mind through the Chakras.

According to research, the air pressure in the earths atmosphere rapidly changes on both the new moon (Amavasya) and the full moon (Poornima) days. This is because of the orbital paths - combination of the sun, moon and the earth and their varying distances at particular intervals (i.e. every 24 hours for one entire rotation of the Earth). Accordingly the pressure in the atmosphere too changes drastically and varies from day to day. This can be observed by the change in the nature of the tidal waves on the new moon and full moon days. On an Amavasya, the waves are very high and rough due to the increase in atmospheric pressure in the oceans. But from the next day onwards, the waves become calm - an indication that the pressure has also receded. Particularly on the 11th day from new moon or full moon days, the pressure is very light or nil. Now, based on this fact, the significance of Ekadasi fasting can be explained in this way: In the Indian Vedic system, there are different methods to calculate a month. One such is counting from the new moon day (Amavasya). From the new moon day till the full moon day it is called as Shukla Paksha (waxing/growing moon). From the full moon day till the next Amavasya, it is known as Krishna Paksha (waning/shrinking moon).

Now, let us look at the other scientific facts concerning the 11th day from the full moon and new Moon. In the celestial phenomena, the Earth as well as moon rise and settle at the same time on Amavasya. From the next day up till Amavasya, the moon moves about a distance of 12 degrees from the solar path. On the Ekadashi day (11th day from full moon) the Moon stays at a distance of about 135 degrees in the solar path this causes lesser gravitation force and thus resulting in lesser atmospheric pressure. Therefore fasting on an Ekadasi day will not affect the body system as also hunger is said to be minimum at this time. Compared to any other day of the moon cycle, atmospheric pressure is lowest on Ekadasi days. Thus, this is the best time to fast and cleanse our bodies. If we fast on any other day, the high pressure / strain may damage our system. On this day, the body never experiences the pain while we cleanse our systems, thus refreshing the entire body mechanism - specifically the liver / stomach / bowel.

As the atmospheric pressure builds up faster and doubles on the 12th day from Amavasya / Poornima days (called as Dwadashi), to avoid any complications in the body, people fasting are advised to consume food as early in the morning, as possible, the next day. It is noted that fasting on this day is also very conducive to concentrate on meditation and prayers. According to science, it takes about 3-4 days for the brain to understand our food intake after we have eaten. It is said that if we eat light / fast

on Ekadashi days, that intake will reach the brain correspondingly on the new moon / full moon day. Health Benefits Nowadays, people also fast for health reasons; fasting helps in the detoxification of the body. Everyone wants to look good by staying fit in the current times. As such, you may find many youngsters across India fasting. In the medical context, fasting refers to the state achieved after digestion of a meal. A number of metabolic adjustments occur during fasting and many medical diagnostic tests for blood sugar, cholesterol levels are standardized to fasting conditions. Thus fasting has medical reasons coated with religious significance in India. Cleansing of the bowels - Those who observe Fasting on Ekadasi days stay in good health, cleanse their bowel systems and are mostly free from frequent ailments. Also, it is said that for those on the spiritual/religious path, observing a fast on Ekadasi days, provides a mental peace, by way of self-realization. This sort of penance is believed to aid them in their spiritual path, thus making them pure in body and mind. Enforcing a better way of life - Fasting improves blood flow or circulation and the body's capacity to eliminate toxins, resulting in a better overall health. One feels more energetic and alert and is more resistant to all forms of disease or illness. It even slows down the aging process, which is a little more due to the accumulated effects of our bad habits or wrong ways of living. A day of fasting teaches one, self-control and discipline. It greatly helps to break those addictions that are destroying us and helps us start to acquire new and positive habits.

Om Namo Narayana