Chuong 2 - Cac Linh Kien Ban Dan Cong Suat

GIANG VIN: THS.
PHAM TH DUY
IN THOAI/EMAIL: 0903661501 DUYPT@PTITHCM.EDU.VN
B MN: IU KHIN VA X LY TIN HIU
HOC KY/NM BIN SOAN: 02/2010
HOC VIN CNG NGH BU CHINH VIN THNG
CHNG 2
CAC LINH KIN BAN
DN
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
www.ptit.edu.vn GIANG VIN: THS. PHAM TH DUY
Trang: 2
NI DUNG CHNG 2
2.1. c tnh c bn ca cc phn t bn dn
cng sut
2.2. Diode
2.3. Transistor
2.4. Thyristor
2.5. Triac
2.6. GTO, IGBT, MCT
2.7. Tn hao cng sut trn cc phn t bn dn
cng sut
2.8. Vn lm mt van bn dn
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 3
2.1. c tinh c ban cua cac phn t cng sut.
Dng in lm vic: phi ln hn dng
ti.
in p ngc chu c
Thi gian dn thi gian tt
in p rt trn phn t cng sut khi dn
Tn hao cng sut
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 4
2.2. Diod cng sut
Nguyn l cu to
Gm hai cht bn dn
p,n tao thnh mt mi
ni J
U
AK
> 0 c dng in
I
AK
#0
U
AK
< 0 khng dng I
AK

S cu trc
p n
J
A
K
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 5
Phn cc cho mi ni p-n
a)

b)

E
tx
p n
E
tx
E
ngoi
p
n
+
E
tx
E
ngoi
c)

p
n
+
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 6
Thng s ca diode:
I
m
dng in nh mc, c th ti
7000A
AU st p thun, trong khong (0,7 - 2)V
AP tn hao cng sut; AP = AU.I (n
hng kW)
Tcp- nhit lm vic cho php; ti
khong 2000
o
C
U
N
- in p ngc; Trong khong (50-
4000)V
Ir dng in r, ti vi trm mA

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 7
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 8
Dng VOM o diode.
Rx100
0

+
_

en
a)
Rx100
0

+
_

en
b)
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 9
2.4. Transistor lng cc BJT
Bibolar Junction Transistor
1. Nguyn l, cu to.
2. c tnh, thng s
3. c im cu to
4. S darlington
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 10
1. Nguyn l cu to BJT
Cu to ca transistor c dng nh hnh v
p p
n
Emitter
Colector
Base
a)
n
n
p
Emitter
Colector
Base
b)
B
C
E
B
C
E
B
E C
B
E
C
c)
e)
d)
f)
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 11
Hot ng ca transistor.
Nguyn l hot ng ca tranzitor
p
p
Dng ht a
s
B
Vng him
n
C
E
p
p
Dng ht thiu
s
B
Vng him
n
C
E
p p
Dng ht
thiu s
B
I
E

n
C E
Dng ht
a s
I
B

I
C

a.
c.
b.
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 12
Khi BC khng c phn cc, BE phn cc
thun. rng vng him s b gim, mc
gim tu theo in p phn cc, kt qu l
dng ca cc ht a s (cc l trng) khuch
tn t min bn dn p (cc E) sang min bn
dn n (cc B).
Khi BE khng c phn cc, BC phn cc
ngc, khng c dng ca cc ht a s (in
t bn dn n) ch c dng ca cc ht
thiu s (l trng bn dn n) (hnh 1.12 b).
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 13
Trng hp BE phn cc thun, BC phn cc ng-
c (hnh 1.12c):
Khi BE phn cc thun, cc ht a s khuch tn
qua mi ni ti min cc B to nn dng I
E
.
Ti cc B cc ht a s ny li chuyn thnh cc ht
thiu s, mt phn b ti hp vi cc in t to thnh
dng I
B
, phn cn li do rng ca min cc B rt
mng, BC phn cc ngc nn cc l trng cc B b
cun sang min cc C to nn dng Ic.
Dng Ic ny c to bi hai thnh phn: dng ca cc
ht a s t min E, v dng ca cc ht thiu s (l
trng min B khi cha c s khuch tn t E sang).
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 14
2. c im kt cu
Dng in iu khin I
b
c xc nh I
b
=
I
C
/ |
Trong in t cng sut, dng in ln nn
transistor lm vic ch ng ct nn
khi m phi tho mn iu kin:
I
b
= k
bh
. I
C
/ | (k
bh
= 1,2 1,5 - h s bo ho),
in p bo ho CE khong 1-1,5 V Ib = I
C
/ |
Do cn h s khuch i ln nn BJT thng
cu to dng darlington
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 15
S cu trc BJT
Thm mt lp bn dn n
-
l vng c tr khng cao
n
n
-

n n n
p
p
E B
C
p
p
-

p p p
n
n
E B
C
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 16
Hot ng
p - n
-
l vng c tr khng cao, do
transistor c in p cao hay thp ph
thuc dy min n
-

ch bo ho, dng in I
B
ln, cc
in t c a tha vo vng p, cc in
tch trung gian khng trung ho ht vng
base c in tr nh c dng in chy
qua. Do tc trung ho in tch khng
kp, transistor khng cn kh nng khng
ch dng in.
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 17
3. c tnh vo ra ca BJT
Mt s nhn xt:
Cng mt I
C
mun c U
CE

nh th I
B
phi ln
H s khuch i ca
transistor cng sut nh
(c vi chc)

I
C

I
B

U
CE
=0,2V
U
CE
=0,5V
U
CE
=5V
U
CE
=20V
U
CE
=200V
AI
C

AI
B

|=AI
C
/ A I
B
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 18
c tnh ra
U
CB0
- in p nh thng CB khi h E
U
CE0
- in p nh thng CE khi h B

U
CE

I
C

I
B
=0

H Emit

I
B
tng

U
CT
U
CB0
U
CE0

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 19
c tnh ng
ct
u
b

U
n

C
E
B
C
BC

C
BE

u
b

u
BE

i
B

u
CE

i
C

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 20
c tnh ng ct in hnh c th chia
thnh 8 vng :
Transistor ang kho
Thi gian tr ca Transistor khi m
Qu trnh tng dng I
C
do s tch lu in tch trong
base
Vo vng bo ho
Ch lm vic bo ho
Thi gian tr khi kho, do mt in tch ln khng
gim nhanh c.
Dng colector gim v 0
T BE c np vi -U
BE
m bo cho Transistor kho
Transistor kho hon ton
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 21
Thng s
I
C
dng in nh mc, ( ti 1000A)
| - h s khuch i dng in
I
B
= I
C
/ | dng in base mA
AU st p thun; (khong (0,7 - 2)V)
AP tn hao cng sut sinh nhit (n hng
kW)
Tcp- nhit lm vic cho php; Ti lp tip
gip khong 2000C
U
CE
- in p CE; Trong khong (50-1500)V
U
BE
- in p BE; hng vn

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 22
4. S darlington
T c tnh tnh trn thy rng h s
khuch i dng in ca cc transistor cng
sut nh ch khong hng chc. Do cn
mc hai transistor ni tip nhau nh hnh v
H s khuch ai: | = |1 |2

i
B
= i
B1
i
C1
i
C
i
C2
i
E1
= i
B2
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 23
n nh im lm vic
Khi c xt dng in r
i
C
= i
C1
+i
C2
= |
1
i
B1
+ I
CEO1
+ |
2
i
B2
+ I
CEO2
= (|
1
+ |
2
+ |
1
|
2
)i
B1
+(1+ |
2
)I
CEO1
+I
CEO2
Khi nhit thay i dng r thay i, n c
nhn thm (1+ |
2
)I
CEO1
lm s km n nh
theo nhit
khc phc, a thm cc in tr.
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 24
1.6. TRANSISTOR TRNG (FET)
1.6.1. Gii thiu chung
1.6.2. Cu tao v c tnh ca JFET
1.6.3 MOSFET

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 25
1.6.1. Gii thiu chung
Khc vi BJT dng in ch yu l do c hai
loai hat dn (in t v l trng) tao nn,
FET hoat ng da trn nguyn l hiu ng
trng.
dn in ca knh dn c iu khin
nh tc dng ca mt in trng ngoi.
Dng in trong FET ch do mt loai hat dn
tao nn.

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 26
FET gm c hai loai chnh:
FET iu khin bng cc cng tip xc p-
n (vit tt l JFET Junction FET).
FET c cc cng cch ly: Metal Oxide
Semiconductor FET (MOSFET hay
MOS).
MOSFET lai c chia lm hai loai:
MOS c knh lin tc (knh t sn)
MOS c knh gin oan (knh cm ng).

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 27
1.6.2. Cu to v c tnh ca JFET
a.
p n
p
D
G
S
Vng
ngho
U
DS
I
DS
p p
N
D
G
S
Vng
ngho
U
DS
I
DS
p p
N
D
G
S
Vng
ngho
U
GS
b.
c.
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 28
2. Hoat ng
a. Khi cc G h (U
GS
= 0V): Dng in i t cc
dng ca ngun vo cc D v ra cc S
tr v m ngun U
DS
, knh c tc dng nh mt
in tr
b. Khi cc G c in p m (U
GS
<0V) hnh 1.22c:
Mi ni P - N b phn cc ngc, in t trong
cht bn dn ca knh N b y vo lm thu hp
tit din knh, nn in tr knh dn tng ln,
dng I
D
gim xung.
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 29
1.4.3 MOSFET
MOSFET c chia lm hai loai:
MOSFET knh lin tc
MOSFET knh gin oan.
Mi loai knh lin tc hay gin oan u c
phn loai theo cht bn dn l knh N hay P.
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 30
1. Cu to v k hiu ca MOSFET knh lin tc
Cu tao
N
N
N
nn P
cc mng
D
cc cng
G
cc ngun
S
SiO
2
knh N

D
S
G
D
S
G
a.
b.
U
DS
U
GS
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 31
c tinh
I
D
(mA)
I
D
U
GS
=+1V
U
GS
= 0V
U
GS
= -1V
U
GS
= -2V
U
GS
= U
P
/2= -
3V
U
DS
10,9
8

4

I
DSS
/2
2

0

-2

-3

-6

U
GS
0,3U
P
U
P
/2
U
P
I
DSS
/4
0

I
DSS

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 32
2. Cu to v k hiu ca MOSFET knh gin on
Cu tao
N
N
n
n

P

SiO
2
knh N

D
S
G
D
S
G
a)
b)
cc mng D
cc cng G
cc ngun S
U
DS
U
GS
p
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 33
Hoat ng
Khi U
GS
>0V, cc in trng dng cc G s ht cc
in t ca nn P v pha gia ca hai vng bn dn N.
Khi lc ht ln th s in t b ht nhiu hn,
ni lin hai vng bn dn N thi knh dn c hnh
thnh.
Dng in I
D
i t D sang S, in p phn cc cho cc
G cng tng th dng I
D
cng ln.
in p U
GS
ln to thnh knh dn in gi l
in p ngng U
GS
(T) hay U
T
.
Khi U
GS
<U
T
th dng cc mng I
D
= 0

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 34
c tnh
I
D
(mA)
I
D

U
GS
= 3V
U
DS

0

0
U
GS

c)
U
GS
= 4V
U
GS
= 5V
U
GS
= 6V
U
GS
= 7V
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 35
2.4. Thyristor (SCR)
1. Nguyn l cu to
2. c tnh, thng s
3. Kt cu
4. M thyristor
5. Kha thyristor
6. Kim tra
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 36
Cu to t bn cht bn dn t lin tip nhau.
Nu t in p ngoi vo c mt tip gip ngc
U
AK
> 0 c J2 ngc
U
AK
< 0 c J1, J3 ngc
C hai trng hp ny u khng dng in.
Mun c dng in chy qua cn c dng iu
khin
Cu to ca thyristor
A
J
1

J
2

J
3

K
p
1

n
1

p
2

n
2

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 37
Nguyn l lm vic loi iu khin t anode
a thm mt cc G (gate) vo n1
Khi c U
AK
> 0, c dng in i
AG
thi p
1
n
1
phn cc
thun, dng t A qua p2, khi xut hin dng i
AK
Khi c dng i
AK
, dng i
AG
khng cn ngha
na.
K
p
1
p
2
n
1
n
2
A
G
a)
J
1
J
2

J
3

i
AG

i
AK

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 38
Nguyn l lm vic loi iu khin t Kathode
a thm mt cc G (gate) vo p2
Khi U
AK
>0, c i
GK
th p2-n2 phn cc thun, khi
K coi nh c ni vo n1, nn xut hin dng i
AK
Khi c dng i
AK
, dng i
GK
khng cn ngha
na.
A
K
G
p
2
p
1
n
1

n
2

b)
T
1
T
2

K
p
1
p
2
n
1

n
2

A
G
J
1
J
2

J
3

i
GK

i
AK

a) c)
+
_
+
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 39
2. c tnh v thng s
C cc thng s nh diode
Cc thng s ca thyristor
I
TG
dng in t gi;
t
m
, t
k
thi gian m, kha
thyristor, t
CM
= t
m
+ t
K
U
k
, i
k
- in p v dng
in iu khin
dU/dt, di/dt - gii hn tc
bin thin in p v dng
in
+
_
U
I
+
_
1
3
4
2
I
G3
>I
G2
>I
G1
> 0
U
BO

U
N

U
AK

I
TG

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 40
So snh thyristor vi cc linh kin bn
dn cng sut khc
u im chnh ca thyristor l c mt
dng in cao, tn hao nh
Nhc im: tc chuyn mch chm,
tn s lm vic thp

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 41
3. Kt cu
c im kt cu c bn ca thyristor l
dn nhit ra ngoi nhanh nht.
Kt cu thyristor c dng nh hnh sau:
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 42
4. M thyristor
iu kin c dng in chy qua thyristor
Mun c dng in chy qua thyristor phi
p ng hai iu kin:
C in p U
AK
> 0;
C dng in iu khin i
GK
= 0
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 43
MK
U
1
U
1
U
1

M bng
in p
anode
M bng
ngun ph
iu khin
bng mch K
K
K
U
p

a)
b) c)
U,i
U,i
U,i
t
t
t
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 44
5. Kho thyristor
iu kin kho thyristor l phi a
dng in chy qua n v 0
C th hiu v iu kin ny l t
mt in p ngc trc tip trn hai u
U
AK
<0, thyristor c kho.
Vic t in p ngc nh th khng phi
khi no cng thun tin, do c mt s
cch kho nh sau:
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 45
Mt s s kho thyristor trong mch mt
chiu
Trong mch in xoay chiu thyristor t kho khi
dng in t ng i chiu theo in p
Mt s s kho thyristor trong mch mt
chiu
I
T

I
N

H mch
dng in
Ngn
mch
To dng chy ngc
I
T
+I
N
=0
a) b)
c)
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 46
Mt s s mch kho thyristor bng
mch in ph
T
1

C
L
U1
Ud
+
D
0

T
1

C
L
Z
d

U
1

U
d

I
d

D
0

T
1

C
L
D
0

U
d

I
d

Z
d

U
1

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 47
h.
+
-
g.
+ -
i.
+ -
T
3

D
0

T
1

T
2

C
L
1

Z
d

U
1

U
d

I
d

L
2

+
-
D
2

W
1

D
0

C
L
1

Z
d
U
d

I
d

+
-
W
2

T
3

D
0

T
1

T
5

C
Z
d
U
1

U
d

I
d

L
1

T
4

T
2

U
1

T
1
T
2

f. d. e.
+ -
C
L
+
-
C
L
1

-
D
2

C
-
+
-
+
-
L
2

T
1

T
2

T
3

D
0

U
1

U
d

Z
d

I
d

T
2

T
3

U
1

T
1

D
0

Z
d

I
d

U
d

U
1

D
2

T
1

T
2

T
3

L
1

U
d

Z
d

+
+
c. a.
+
-
T
1

T
2

C
L
D
1 Z
d

U
d

I
d

T
3

C
L
Z
d
U
d

I
d

L
2

D
0

T
4

T
5

C U
1

b.
+
-
T
1

T
2

U
1
U
1

L
2

T
1

T
3

T
2

I
d

Z
d

D
0

U
d

D
0

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 48
T
1

T
2

C
L
D
1
Z
d

U
d

I
d

U
1

D
0

A
B
+
I
N

I
T

+
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 49
6. Kim tra s b
Bc 1: Kim tra bng h vn nng
thang in tr o ln nht:
A vi K (i u que o) c in tr O
A vi G (i u que o) c in tr O.
K vi G (i u que o) c in tr (5 - 20) O
c nh th ny c th mc thyristor vo mch
Bc 2. Kim tra iu khin
Dng cc mch a, b mc 4 kim tra thyristor
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 50
V d mch kim tra
Thyristor c mc vo li in xoay chiu nh cc
hnh v di.
iu kin mc thyristor vo mch: U
N
>2. U~
Khi kho K h thyristor kho n khng sng
Khi kho K ng thyristor dn n sng 1/4 cng
sut
2
U~
K
U
p

U~
K

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 51
7. Diod Shockley (cng h c tnh cn c SUS - SiliconUnilateral
Switch)
Diod Shockley c cu to bn cht bn dn nh
thyristor nhng khng c cng iu khin.
C nh c tnh phi tuyn gc phn t th nht
nh. Linh kin ny ging diode n p l chng cho
dng in chy qua khi in p vt mt ngng no
. Khi c dng in chy qua ri, diode shockley c
st p bng 0
A
J
1

J
2

J
3

K
p
1

n
1

p
2

n
2

U
I
U
BO

U
N

-
+
-
+
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 52
2.5. Triac
Nguyn l cu to
c tnh, thng s
Kt cu
M triac
Kim tra

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 53
1. Nguyn l cu to
T
2

Z
T
1

U
1

Z
T
U
1

U U
T
i t
b
o
1

o
2

U U
T
i
t
a
o
o
iu khin i
xng hai thyristor
iu khin mt i
xng hai thyristor
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 54
Nguyn l cu to
N
4
N
3

N
1

P
2

N
2

P
1

MT
2

G
MT
1

a)
P
P
N
N
G
MT
2

MT
1

b)
MT
2

MT
1

G
MT
2

MT
1

G
P
P
N
N
G
MT
2

MT
1

MT
2

MT
1

G
c)
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 55
Cc trng hp iu khin triac
Theo cu to ca triac nu trn, triac s c
kch m cho dng in chy qua khi in p
MT2 v G ng du, ngha l:
MT 2 dng v G dng so vi MT1.
MT2 m v G m so vi MT1.

MT
2

MT
1

G
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 56
Ngoi ra MT2 v G tri du triac cng c th kch m c:
MT2 dng v G m so vi MT1, c dng in
MT2 m v G dng so vi MT1,
khng dng in.
Loi ny gi l loi iu khin tri du m
Mt s nh ch to cho xut xng loi triac
MT2 dng v G m so vi MT1, khng dng in.
MT2 m v G dng so vi MT1 c dng in
Loi ny gi l loi iu khin tri du dng
MT
2

MT
1

G
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 57
2. c tnh v thng s
Gm hai c tnh thyristor i xng
nhau qua gc to
Thng s nh ca thyristor
U
I
U
BO

I
G3
>I
G2
>I
G1
> 0
0 < I
G1
<I
G2
<I
G3

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 58
3. Kt cu
Hon ton ging nh thyristor
MT
2

MT
1

G
MT
2

MT
1

G
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 59
4. S m triac
MT
2

MT
1

G
MT
2

MT
1

MT
2

MT
1

MK
U~
U~
U~
a)
b)
c)
U
p

K
K
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 60
5. Kim tra, phn bit triac vi thyristor
Bc 1: Kim tra s b ging nh kim tra
thyristor
MT
2

MT
1

G
MT
2

MT
1

G
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 61
Bc 2: Kim tra iu khin bng s
sau

H K n khng sng
ng K:
1 - n khng sng - l
thyrisor
2 - n sng ht cng sut
- l triac iu khin tri
du m
3 - n sng 1/4 cng sut
- l triac iu khin tri
du dng
MT
2

MT
1

U~
K
U
p

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 62
6. Diac (linh kin c cng c tnh SBS - Silicon Bilateral
Switch)
Diac c cu to bn dn nh triac nhng khng c cng iu
khin.
DIAC c nh c tnh phi tuyn nh. N ging diode
Shockley l chng cho dng in chy qua khi in p vt
mt ngng no . Diac cho dng in chy qua c hai
chiu
N
N
N
P
N
P
MT
2

U
I
U
BO

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 63
ng dng in hnh ca
diac
U
1

U
2

Z
VR
R
2

R
1

D
A

T
C
AT
U
U
2

U
C

t
t
U
T

t
U
C

U
DA

U
DA

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 64
2.6. Contactor in t
(SSR - Solid state relay)
I. Nguyn l cu to
II. So snh u nhc im.
III. S cho trng hp ngun ba pha
IV. Phm vi ng dng in hnh
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 65
I. Nguyn l hot ng
Kho K h, hai thyristor khng
iu khin u kho
Kho K ng:
in th A1 dng, c dng in i1 (mu ) lm
cho T1 c dng in iu khin, T1 dn, c dng
in ti theo chiu trn xung
in th A2 dng, c dng in i2 (mu xanh) lm
cho T2 c dng in iu khin, T2 dn, c dng
in ti theo chiu di ln
S nguyn l bng
hai thyristor
T
2

Z
T
1

U
1

D
1

D
2

R
K
A
2

A
1

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 66
Kho K h, triac khng iu khin b kho
Kho K ng:
in th A
1
dng, c dng in iu khin i
1
(mu
) lm cho T dn, c dng in ti theo chiu trn
xung
in th A
2
dng, c dng in iu khin theo
chiu ngc li lm cho T dn, c dng in ti theo
chiu di ln

S nguyn l bng triac
Z
T
U
1

K
R
A
1
A
2

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 67
II. So snh u nhc im ca contactor in t
Contactor c tip im
u im:
n gin, tin cy
An ton khi ct in
C kh nng qu ti ln
Tn hao sinh nhit nh
Lm vic vi mi dng dng in
Nhc im:
C h quang nn d chy
Mau hng khi nhiu bi
Tn s v s ln ng ct gii
hn
Lc ng ct ln
Contactor in t
u im:
Khng h quang
Khng b nh hng trong mi tr-
ng nhiu bi
Tn s v s ln ng ct
khng gii hn
Nhc im:
Khng an ton khi ct in
Khng kh nng qu ti
Tn hao sinh nhit ln
Ch lm vic dng in xoay
chiu
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 68
Contactor in t in hnh trong cng nghip
(3-30)V
+
A
1

A
2

A
1

A
2

(3-30)V
+
LDR
Loi dng diac Loi dng quang in tr
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 69
Nguyn ly cu tao SSR
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 70
III. S cho trng hp ngun ba pha
A B
C
A

B

C

Z
A
Z
B

Z
C

Z
A

Z
B
Z
C

K
K
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 71
IV. Phm vi ng dng in hnh
Trong iu kin mi trng d chy: cc
m than, sn xut v kinh doanh xng du
....
Trong iu kin mi trng nhiu bi: cc
nh my xi mng, xay xt, bnh ko ....
Khi tn s v s ln ng ct ln: iu
khin nhit ca cc l nhit,
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 72
Transistor lng cc c cc cng cch li
IGBT - Isolated Gate Bibolar transistor
Cu trc
Thng s c trng
Yu cu i vi mch iu khin
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 73
S cu trc ca IGBT.
C
E
G
D
S
pn
p
np
n
p
+

n
-

p p
n
n n n
C
E
E
G Cch in
n
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 74
V cu trc c th coi IGBT nh hai transistor
NPN, PNP v mt MOSFET
C
E
G
D
S
pn
p
np
n
K hiu
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 75
c tnh ng ct
R
G

D
0

D
C
GE

C
GC

U
G

U
dc

U
G
-Ngun iu
khin
C
GE
, C
GC
- T k sinh
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 76
iu kin IGBT dn
U
CE
>0; U
GE
>U
ng
Khi xut hin knh
dn. Nh cc in t
chy qua knh dn, bm
thm vo N- lm in
th ca n gim, ko
theo P+N- dn
IC ch khc 0 khi
U
CE
>U
CEng

c tnh
i
C

U
CE

U
CE

U
GE
>U
ng

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 77
Kha IGBT
Do dn bng ht thiu
s nn thi gian kha
di hn, tn s thp
hn.
Hai giai on kha (nh
hnh v)
1. cc knh bin mt,
MOS kha nhanh chng
2. Cc ht d ca N- ti
hp dn v i
C
gim
chm
Qu trnh kha
i
C

U
GE

t
t
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 78
Qu trnh
kha
t
t
t
t
U
G

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 79
Thng s IGBT
U
CES
- in p cc i CE khi GE ngn mch.
U
GES
- in p GE cc i cho php khi CE ngn
mch.
I
C
- Dng in mt chiu cc i
I
Cmax
- Dng in nh ca colector;
P
m
- Cng sut tn hao cc i;
T
CP
- Nhit cho php;
I
L
- Dng in ti cm cc i;
I
r
- Dng in r
U
GEng
- in p ngng GE
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 80
GTO (Gate Turn Off Thyristor)
GTO, IGCT, MCT
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 81
GTO c thm cng kch ngt mc song
song vi cng kch dn.
GTO dn thi dng kch dn phi c
duy tri khi n dn.
Khi dng kch vt qu gi tr cho php thi
GTO se khng kch ngt c
GTO c s dng cho cc mach cng
sut ln c th ln ti 6000- 7000A
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 82

L linh kin c kh nng ko xung dng ln
bng dng nh mc qua cathode tt
nhanh
L loai GTO c thm mt s mach h tr

IGCT Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor.
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 83
IGCT
IGCT ng cn a xung dng ti cc cng
ging GTO
kch ngt cung cp ngun in p ngc
chiu lm ton b dng Kathode b y nhanh
qua cc cng
Vic tng dng cc cng rt nhanh 4kA/sec
nn cn xung ngt rt ngn gim cng sut tn
hao trn cc cng
IGCT c kh nng chu p cao ti 6 10 kV
c s dng trong cc thit b in cng sut
cc cao c th ln ti 100 MW
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 84
MCT MOS CONTROLLED TRANSISTOR

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 85
MCT MOS CONTROLLED TRANSISTOR
MOS FET thm vo ng ngt linh kin
M MCT bng xung m a vo cc cng
tt cp in p gate anode gi tr
dng
Tc ng ngt ca MCT nhanh hn
GTO, st p thp hn nn tn hao t
hn.
Nhng kh nng chu dng in ca MCT
thp hn GTO

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 86
MTO va ETO
MTO (Mos Turn Off Thyristor) v ETO
(Emmiter Turn Off Thyristor) l linh kin
c pht trin da trn cng ngh GTO
v MOSFET c kh nng chu in p cao
(3 10kV), dng in ln 4000A, kh
nng ng ct rt nhanh c th s dng
cho c li AC v DC.

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 87
2.7. Tn hao cng sut
- Tn hao ch tnh
- Tn hao chuyn mch
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 88
I. Tn hao ch tnh
Khi van bn dn lm vic, trn n tn ti mt
tn hao cng sut:
AP
T
= AU
T
.I
T
+ U
N
.Ir
Trong :
AU
T
- st p thun trn van khong mt vi vn.
I
T
- dng in thun khi van dn
U
N
- in p ngc t ln van,
Ir - dng in r chy ngc van bn dn thng rt
nh hay b qua.
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 89
II. Tn hao chuyn mch
Tn hao CM c th b qua nu tn s lm vic thp. Tuy nhin,
tn s cao tn hao ny ng k khng th b qua c.
1. Tn hao do thi gian m v kho van.
Khi m v kho van dng in v in p trn van thay i di
dng v d (hnh trang sau)
Nng lng tn hao trn van khi m: Wm = 0,5.UCE.IC.tm
Nng lng tn hao trn van khi kho: Wkho = 0,5.UCE.IC.tkho
Tng tn hao nng lng khi chuyn mch l Wm +Wkho
Cng sut tn hao chuyn mch c tnh
PCM = (Wm +Wkho)/T = (Wm +Wkho).f
Trong f = 1/T - tn s chuyn mch van
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 90
u
b

u
BE

i
B

u
CE

i
C

u
b

U
n

C
E
B
C
BC

C
BE

t
m

t
t
kho

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 91
2.8. Bo v qu nhit
Cc tn hao trn sinh nhit lm thit b nng
ln qu mc cho php.
Cn c bin php gim nhit cho van bn dn.
C hai cch lm mt thng gp nht
Lm mt bng khng kh c hay khng c cnh to
nhit
Lm mt bng nc
a)
b)
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 92
1. Lm mt bng khng kh
Nhit lng t cht bn dn truyn ra v ri truyn ti cnh
to nhit truyn nhit ra khng kh.
Truyn nhit bng bc x yu, v nhit cho php ca
v thp. Do , tn nhit ch yu lm bng i lu gia
cnh to nhit v khng kh.
Qu trnh dn nhit c th m t nh hnh v
Nhit
ca pn
T
pn
Nhit
ca v
T
V

Nhit
cnh to
nhit T
tn

Nhit
khng kh T
KK

R
pn

R
V

R
tn

BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 93
Nhit lng truyn t vng nng sang vng lnh.
Cng sut to nhit t l thun vi chnh
nhit , t l nghch vi tr nhit R

Tr nhit tng ca mch ni tip:
R = Rpn + RV + Rtn
Khi tnh ton lm mt l chng ta tnh chn cnh
to nhit v qut.
Cc thng s c cho trong bi ton ny l tn
hao AP [W], Tpn, TKK, tr nhit Rpn, RV [0C/W]
R
T T
P
2 1
+
= A
BAI GIANG MN
IN T CNG SUT
Trang: 94
2. Lm mt bng nc
S cu trc ca lm mt bng nc nh trn hnh v.
iu kin lm mt bng nc l nc phi c ngun v tn
nhit nc vo l nhit mi trng,
Vn quan trng trong lm mt bng nc l phi x l n-
c khng dn in. Ngha l in tr nc phi ln (R =
/S)
Cnh
to
nhit
ng ng
dn nc
Thanh
ci
Van bn
dn

Chuong 2 - Cac Linh Kien Ban Dan Cong Suat

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