Professional Documents
Culture Documents
564 563 565 572 571 578 570 568 564 567 566 580
580
579
569
576 588
564
585 584
582
Contents
I) Introduction : BCCH vs. TCH II) Frequency Planning Why do we use frequency planning? Channel Numbering Reuse Factor C/I II) BSIC Planning Why do we use frequency planning? BSIC Numbering III) Neighbors List IV) Frequency Hopping
BCCH Radio
One Sector
T 0 T
TCH1 Radio
Part I
Frequency Planning
Uplink Vs Downlink
UP LIN DO WN LI N K
Radio tower
Cell phone
PCS
GSM 850 : 2*25 MHz Bands, 20 MHz Duplex spacing, 125 Carriers.
GSM 900 : 2*25 MHz Bands, 45 MHz Duplex spacing, 125 Carriers. DCS 1800 : 2*75 MHz Bands, 95 MHz Duplex spacing, 375 Carriers. PCS 1900 : 2*60 MHz Bands, 80 MHz Duplex spacing, 300 Carriers.
7
Channel Numbering
GSM 900 Fu (n) = 890 MHz + (0.2 MHz) x n Fd (n) = Fu (n) + 45 MHz GSM 1800 Fu (n) = 1,710 MHz + (0.2 MHz) x (n-511) Fd (n) = Fu (n) + 95 MHz GSM 1900 Fu (n) = 1,850.2 MHz + (0.2 MHz) x (n-512) Fd (n) = Fu (n) + 80 MHz
Fu = uplink frequency Fd = downlink frequency
1 n 124
512 n 885
512 n 810
Channel Numbering
Block E: 1885-1890 and 1965-1970 The Channel Numbers : 586 to 611.
Fl(N)=1850.2+0.2*(N-512)
N=[(Fl(N)-1850.2)/0.2]+512 N=[(1885-1850.2)/0.2]+512=687 N=[(1889.8-1850.2)/0.2]+512=711
10
Carrier
Need to know which carriers are available in the project Put the frequency range that the FCC allow
Band A
D B
E F
587-611 612-686
687-711 712-736
737-811
11
Reuse Factor
Low power transmitters to allow frequency reuse at much smaller distances. Maximizing the number of times each channel may be reused in a given geographic area is the key to an efficient cellular system design. q= reuse factor R= center-to-vertex distance A D= Co-channel separation j=2 q= D/R
R
2 2 D= i j ij
i=3 A
f2 f1
f2 f3 f1 f3
f1
f3
f2
f1
f3 f1 f4 f1
f3 f1 f4 f2 f3 f1 f4 f4 f2
f3 f4 f2 f3 f1 f4
f2
f3 f1 f2
f2
14
f3
f5 f6
f4
f6 f7
f5
f7 f1
f6
f1 f2 f3
f1
f2 f4 f5 f7 f1 f3 f2 f6 f3
f2
f4 f5 f7 f1 f3 f4
f3
f5 f6 f1 f2 f4 f5
f4
f6 f7 f2 f3 f5 f6 f7 15 f4 f1
C/I
Co-channel Interference
Power(dBm)
9 dB
Desired signal Interfering signal
fo
F (MHz)
Between the cells having the same BCCH More than 9 dB difference doesn't effect
16
C/I (contd)
Co-channel Interference example
A2
515
C 9dB I CI 9
C= -70 dBm
I 79 dBm
A1
C/I (contd)
Adjacent Interference
Power( dBm)
9 dB
fo
F ( MHz)
Between the adjacent cells Interfering signal can have signal level difference up to 9 dB for the 1st Adjacent channel.
18
C/I (contd)
1st Adjacent Interference example
C 9dB I C I 9
A2
C= -70 dBm
I 61 dBm
A1
C/I (contd)
20
Block E Channels
Calculation for a BTS Configuration Of 2/2/2: Reuse Factor N=4 Block E has 5 MHz = 25 Channels. (Channel 687 to 711). 687 used as a Guard Band.
A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3 BCCH 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711
TCH
21
Pattern N=4
BCCH planning first, Then we match it with the TCH Planning.
C1 690 B1
f3 f1 f4 f2
A3
A1
C3
C2 B3
688
B2 696
698
694
697
689
A2 D3 D2 D1
693
A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3 BCCH 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711
TCH
22
Interference Table
List of all the Frequencies that can cause interferences for a cell. Several steps are required:
Best Server C/I plots Drive test Data : RXQual (0 to 7) Need to be 0.
23
Possible Interferences
688
Adjacent Interference
690
Site A
692 698
Site C
696
694
691
689
Adjacent Interference
Adjacent Interference
Site D
Site B
693 697
699
695
24
Site Id Site A
Site B
Site C
Site D
BCCH 688 692 696 689 693 697 690 694 698 690 694 698
TCH 700 704 708 701 705 709 702 706 710 703 707 711
25
Pattern N=4
f3 f1 f4 f1 f4 f2 f3 f1 f2 f4 f2 f1 f4 f3 f1 f4 f3 f1 f2 f3 f3 f4
f2
f2
26
Part II
BSIC Planning
27
BSIC
BSIC: Base Transceiver Station Identity Code used to distinguish neighboring base stations two components: Network Color Code (NCC) Base Station Color Code (BCC) directly adjacent PLMN and BS must have different color codes
28
BSIC Allocation
BSIC=NCC+BCC NCC : (0 to 7 ) predefined for a Carrier ( AWS can be 3 , VT 4) BCC: (0 to 7 ) Planned by the RF Engineer. Helps the mobile stations to distinguish between two neighboring cells sharing the same BCCH BSIC combination has to be unique for all cells that are defined in the neighbor list. The Mobile Recognize the BTS as it Neighbors or as the one it is connecting to by the Combination BSIC+BCCH
BSIC=Base Station Identity Code NCC= Network Color Code BCC= Base Station Color Code
29
BSIC Allocation
BCCH = A1 BSIC = 30 BCCH = A1 BSIC = 30
Best Server
BCCH = A1 BSIC = 31
BCCH = A1 BSIC = 30
If a Mobile receives 2 same BCCH with the Same BSIC. It will be impossible for him to make the difference between the 2 BTSs. ----> Drop Call
BSIC is the way the mobile make the difference between the 2 BTSs.
30
BSIC Plan
32
30 30
32
32 31
31
30 33 33 33
31
31
BSIC Plan
f3
f3 F1 36 f3 f4 f2 f3 F1 30 f4 f2 f2 Reuse of BSIC 30 Far Enough F1 37 f4 f3 F1 35 f2 f2 f3 f4 f2 F1 34 f4 F1 33 f4 f3 F1 30 f2 f3 f4 f3 F1 31 f4 f2 f4
f4
f2
F1 32
f3
32
BSIC Plan
BSC: TBD National Color Code: 3 Site Id Site A Orientation 0 120 240 0 120 240 0 120 240 0 120 240 BSIC 30 30 30 31 31 31 32 32 32 32 32 32 BCCH 688 692 696 689 693 697 690 694 698 690 694 698 TCH 700 704 708 701 705 709 702 706 710 703 707 711
Site B
Site C
Site D
33
Optimization Purposes: you can check with this table what is the Interferer BSIC Planning : Help Choosing the BSIC Available.
34
Part III
Neighbors Planning
35
Neighbors Planning
Find ALL the possible HO If one Neighbor is Missing ---> Possible Drop Call Put in the List the Maximum numbers of Neighbors (most vendors have 20 neighbors in the NL). Check Stats Monthly (BSC Dump). When a HO occurs the mobile get a new NL from the New Sector.
36
Possible HO
Site A
Site C
Site D
Site B
37
Neighbor List
StartUp Neighbors
Cell Name CELL Site CELL Site CELL Site CELL Site CELL Site CELL Site CELL Site CELL Site CELL Site CELL Site CELL Site CELL Site Neighbors Site A2 Site A1 Site A2 Site B2 Site B1 Site B1 Site C2 Site C1 Site C1 Site D2 Site D1 Site D1 A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3 D1 D2 D3 Site A3 Site A3 Site A1 Site B3 Site B3 Site B2 Site C3 Site C3 Site C2 Site D3 Site D3 Site D2 Site B1 Site B1 Site B1 Site A2 Site A2 Site A2 Site B1 Site B1 Site B1 Site B1 Site B1 Site B1 Site B2 Site B2 Site B2 Site A2 Site A2 Site A2 Site B2 Site B2 Site B2 Site B2 Site B2 Site B2 Site B3 Site B3 Site B3 Site A3 Site A3 Site A3 Site B3 Site B3 Site B3 Site B3 Site B3 Site B3 Site C1 Site C1 Site C1 Site C1 Site C1 Site C1 Site A1 Site A1 Site A1 Site A1 Site A1 Site A1 Site C2 Site C2 Site C2 Site C2 Site C2 Site C2 Site A2 Site A2 Site A2 Site A2 Site A2 Site A2 Site C3 Site C3 Site C3 Site C3 Site C3 Site C3 Site A3 Site A3 Site A3 Site A3 Site A3 Site A3 Site D1 Site D1 Site D1 Site D1 Site D1 Site D1 Site D1 Site D1 Site D1 Site C1 Site C1 Site C1 Site D2 Site D2 Site D2 Site D2 Site D2 Site D2 Site D2 Site D2 Site D2 Site C2 Site C2 Site C2 Site D3 Site D3 Site D3 Site D3 Site D3 Site D3 Site D3 Site D3 Site D3 Site C3 Site C3 Site C3
38
LAC
Location Area Code: LAC. Planning the LAC can help Decrease the Signalization by decreasing the number of Authentications. When ever a subscriber enter a new LAC the network is informed of the New LAC.
From time to time the Network page the Mobile to update the location of the Mobile. To reach the Mobile the Network need to know which LAC it is located.
39
Site B
TBD
TBD
Site C
TBD
TBD
Site D
TBD
TBD
MCC:
Mobile Country Code: Unique for the Country. (208 for France, USA is ??
MNC: Mobile Network Code: Unique for the Carrier (AWS is ??). CELL ID: Each Cell ID has to be Unique In the Network.
40
41
Advantages
Based on the performance measurements, the Quality Indicators and Drive tests, the following conclusions can be derived. Call Drop Rate (TCH) 9 % Improvement Much Easier Frequency Plan. More Tolerance for the RXQual. MaxRxQual=5
42
Block E Channels
Calculation for a BTS Configuration Of 2/2/2: Reuse Factor N=4 Block E has 5 MHz = 25 Channels. (Channel 687 to 711). 687 used as a Guard Band. No Hopping allowed in the BCCH channel.
BCCH 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 Hop1 Hop2 Hop3 700 703 706 709 701 704 707 710 702 705 708 711
TCH
43
Hopping Planning
BCCH, TCH
688, Hop1 690, Hop1
Site C
694, Hop2
691, Hop1
689, Hop1
Site D
699, Hop3
695, Hop2
697, Hop3
44
46
47
Questions?
48
Exercise 1
Cellular Block A:
Calculate the Channel Numbers
49
Exercise 2
PCS Block A (1930-1935 MHz) - (Ch512Ch586): * Frequency Plan No Hopping. * Frequency Plan Hopping * BSIC Plan * Neighbor List.
50
51
BSIC Plan
BSIC PLAN FOR BSC XX
514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535
52
Neighbor List
CELL CELL CELL CELL CELL CELL CELL CELL CELL CELL CELL CELL Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3 D1 D2 D3
53
54