Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY
KAILAS SREE CHANDRAN
CLASS NO. 432
S5 INDUSTRIAL
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
CONTENTS
SL. NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO
INTRODUCTION 1
2 FRANK GILBRETH 7
3 CHESTER BARNARD 9
4 MAX WEBER 13
5 HERBERT SIMON 17
6 HENRI FAYOL 21
8 ELTON MAYO 27
9 HENRY GANTT 31
10 CARL G. BARTH 34
11 HARRING EMERSON 34
12 MORRIS L. COOKE 34
PIONEERS IN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
INTRODUCTION
Industrial engineering is a branch of engineering that concerns
the development, improvement, implementation and evaluation of
integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information,
equipment, energy, material and process. It also deals with designing
new prototypes to help save money and make the prototype better.
Industrial engineering draws upon the principles and methods of
engineering analysis and synthesis, as well
as mathematical, physical and social sciences together with the
principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify,
predict and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems.
In lean manufacturing systems, Industrial engineers work to eliminate
wastes of time, money, materials, energy, and other resources.
Born
20 March 1856
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania U.S.
Died
21 March 1915
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania U.S.
Nationality
American
Occupation
efficiency expert
management consultant
Known for
"Father" of the
Page2
Efficiency Movement
Scientific Management
Taylor believed that the industrial management of his day was
amateurish, that management could be formulated as an academic
discipline, and that the best results would come from the partnership
between a trained and qualified management and a cooperative and
Page3
innovative workforce. Each side needed the other, and there was no
need for trade unions.
Management Theory
Gilbreth with a wire representation of the path of motion for a unit of work
Born
July 7, 1868
Fairfield, Maine
Died
June 14, 1924 (aged 55)
Montclair, New Jersey
Known for
"Father" of the
Motion Study
Contributions
Motion Study, Principles of Motion Economy,
Therbligs, Micromotion Study, Simo Chart,
Microchronometer, Cyclegraph, Flow Diagram.
Page6
These included grasp, transport loaded, and hold. Gilbreth named the
motions therbligs, "Gilbreth" spelled backwards with
the th transposed. He used a motion picture camera that was
calibrated in fractions of minutes to time the smallest of motions in
workers.
George noted that the Gilbreths were, above all, scientists who
sought to teach managers that all aspects of the workplace should be
constantly questioned, and improvements constantly adopted. Their
emphasis on the "one best way" and the therbligs predates the
development of continuous quality improvement (CQI) (George 1968:
98), and the late 20th century understanding that repeated motions can
lead to workers experiencing repetitive motion injuries.
Born
Nov 7, 1886
Malden, Massachusetts
Died
June 7, 1961
New York City.
Residence
United States
Citizenship
American
Fields
organizational theory
Known for
Functions of the Executive (1938)
Page9
3. CHESTER BARNARD
Chester Irving Barnard (1886 – 1961) was an
American executive and an early organizational theorist. He was
author of Functions of the Executive, an influential 20th
century management book, which presents a theory of organization
and the functions of executives in organizations. This book became an
essential resource in the teaching of organizational sociology and
business theory.
possible
MAXIMILIAN WEBER
Public administration.
4. MAX WEBER
Maximilian Carl Emil Weber (21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920)
was a German political economist and sociologist who was
considered one of the founders of the modern study of sociology
and public administration. He began his career at the University of
Berlin, and later worked at the universities of Freiburg, Heidelberg,
and Munich.
Achievements
Along with Karl Marx and Émile Durkheim, Weber is regarded
as one of the founders of modern sociology, although in his times he
was viewed primarily as a historian and an economist. Whereas
Durkheim, following Comte, worked in the positivist tradition, Weber
created and worked – like Werner Sombart, his friend and then the
most famous representative of German sociology – in the
antipositivist, hermeneutic, tradition. Those works started the
antipositivistic revolution in social sciences, which stressed the
difference between the social sciences and natural sciences, especially
due to human social actions (which Weber differentiated
into traditional, affectional, value-rational and instrumental). Weber's
early work was related to industrial sociology, but he is most famous
for his later work on the sociology of religion and sociology of
government.
Economics
While Weber is best known and recognised today as one of the
leading scholars and founders of modern sociology, he also
accomplished much in other fields, notably economics, although this
is largely forgotten today among orthodox economists, who pay very
little attention to his works. The view that Weber is at all influential to
modern economists comes largely from non-economists and
economic critics with sociology backgrounds. During his life
distinctions between the social sciences were less clear than they are
now, and Weber considered himself a historian and an economist
first, sociologist distant second.
HERBERT SIMON
Born
June 15, 1916
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
Died
February 9, 2001 (aged 84)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Nationality
United States
Fields
Artificial Intelligence
Cognitive psychology
Computer science
Economics
Political science
Known for
Logic Theory Machine
Page17
5. HERBERT SIMON
Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001)
was an American political scientist whose research ranged across the
fields of cognitive psychology, computer science, public
administration, economics, management, philosophy of science and
sociology and was a professor, most notably, at Carnegie Mellon
University. With almost a thousand, often very highly cited,
publications he is one of the most influential social scientists of the
20th century.
Decision-Making
Administrative Behavior[7] was Herbert Simon’s doctoral
dissertation and his first book. It served as the foundation for his life's
work. The centerpiece of this book is the behavioral and cognitive
processes of making rational human choices, that is, decisions. An
Page18
result? Simon writes: “The human being striving for rationality and
restricted within the limits of his knowledge has developed some
working procedures that partially overcome these difficulties. These
procedures consist in assuming that he can isolate from the rest of the
world a closed system containing a limited number of variables and a
limited range of consequences.”
HENRI FAYOL
Born
1841 in Istanbul
Died
died 1925 in Paris
Nationality
British
Subjects
Management and Politics
Father of
Page21
Functions of Management
6. HENRI FAYOL
Fayol was one of the most influential contributors to modern
concepts of management, having proposed that there are five primary
functions of management: (1) planning, (2) organizing, (3)
commanding, (4) coordinating, and (5) controlling (Fayol, 1949,
1987). Controlling is described in the sense that a manager must
receive feedback on a process in order to make necessary adjustments.
Fayol's work has stood the test of time and has been shown to be
relevant and appropriate to contemporary management. Many of
today’s management texts including Daft (2005) have reduced the
five functions to four: (1) planning, (2) organizing, (3) leading, and
(4) controlling. Daft's text is organized around Fayol's four functions.
Page24
Born
1868
Massachusetts, United States
Died
1933
Occupation
Social worker and Writer
Nationality
American
Genres
Non-fiction
Subjects
Page25
ELTON MAYO
Born
December 26, 1880
Died
September 7, 1949.
Residence
United States
Citizenship
American
Worked as
Australian psychologist, Sociologist and
Organization theorist.
Known for
Page27
8. ELTON MAYO
George Elton Mayo (December 26, 1880 - September 7, 1949)
was an Australian psychologist, sociologist and organization theorist.
motivational value. People will form work groups and this can be
used by management to benefit the organization. He concluded that
The members of the groups whose behavior has been studied were
allowed to choose themselves.
Two women have been replaced since they were chatting during
their work. They were later identified as members of a leftist
movement.
One Italian member was working above average since she had to
care for her family alone. Thus she affected the group's
performance in an above average way.
Criticism Of Mayo:
Mayo's contributions to management thought have come
increasingly under fire. The celebrated sociologist Daniel
Bell criticized Mayo and other industrial sociologists for practicing
"not a science of man, but a cow-sociology," meaning that Mayo was
solely concerned with "adjusting men to machines," as Bell put it,
rather than with enlarging human capacity or freedom. James Hoopes
criticized Mayo in 2003 for "substituting therapy for democracy."
Page30
Born
1861
Died
November 23, 1919
Citizenship
United States
Worked as
Management
anagement consultant,
consultant Mechanical engineer
Fields
Scientific management
Known for
Gantt chart
Page31
9. HENRY GANTT
Henry Laurence Gantt, A.B., M.E. (1861 - 23
November 1919) was a mechanical engineer and management
consultant who is most famous for developing the Gantt chart in the
1910s. These Gantt charts were employed on major infrastructure
projects including the Hoover Dam and Interstate high way system
and continue to be an important tool in project management.
Gantt Charts
A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project
schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the
terminal elements and summary elements of a project. Terminal
elements and summary elements comprise the work breakdown
structure of the project.
Page32
Contributions
Henry Gantt's legacy to production management is the following: