:

1 " "shear key 2 Hr

3 Hw4 , 54 ,

5 " "
6

7 " "
8
,
,
,

9 " "
,



:-
1 -

-




-
) (Hinged support
)(Free

) (Fixed support
-

-
21-7


-
( )
( ) -
) (Check for abouncey


-
) (F=- N/A+- M/I*Y )(F (Gross

)Bearing Capacity (
)
)(F

- 24

44-54

24-24

-
) (Contact Stress



- (Hinged
)support

) (unsafe )(support


-
) (Counterfort Retaining Wall
)(support

 )(straining Action

) (depth
) (Frames
) (Shear Wall

.

,
.

.

,
,

.

, " "shear key

" "
:
1 2 ()13 v Vc) (MPA :

1 2 3
" " :
1 B
,

2 D "
"
3 F
4 B