1 MECHANICS OF FLUIDS

Buoyancy: the ability of a body to float

Archimedes Principle: When an object is submerged in a fluid, it receives an upward force called buoyancy. The buoyancy force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.

density = mass / volume

density of fresh water = 1 kg/liter

if density <1 ! the body floats in fresh water if density >1 ! the body sinks in fresh water

materials of human body:

density (kg/l) !fat !muscle !bone !air ! 0.8 ! 1.1 ! 1.5 0.0012

In fresh water:

ocean water density ! 1.026 kg/l

Center of buoyancy

6 Lift and drag forces

7 drag force

8 Factors that affect the drag force

! Larger speed ! larger drag force

! Larger frontal area ! larger drag force

9 ! Shape of object

10 ! Roughness of surface

11

12

13 lift force

discus:

frisbee:

14 Magnus effect

15

soccer kick with Magnus effect: