Group 3 Project Part 2

Daniel Ayala Jacob Button Jacob Young

For Math 170 FA2013

Problem Set
Problem 1: Section 4.6 #32 Problem 2: Section 9.3 #24 Problem 3: Section 9.6 #07

Problem 1
Section 4.6 Problem 32
32. Use the test for primality to determine whether the following numbers are prime or not. a.667 b.557 c. 527 d. 613

Test for Primality

Given an integer n>1, to test whether it is prime check to see if it is divisible by a prime number less than or equal to its square root. If it is not divisible by any of these numbers, then it is prime.

Problem 1 Part A (1 of 5)
Determine by test for primality if 667 is a prime number

Part 1 Part A (2 of 5)
Explanation: Work:

Step 1: Find Square Root of 667

667 25.8

Part 1 Part A (3 of 5)
Explanation: Work:

Step 2: List all Prime Numbers that are less than or equal to 25.8

List of prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23

Part 1 Part A (4 of 5)
Explanation: Work:

Step 3: Determine whether or not 667 is divisible by any of the prime numbers so that the result is an integer.

(Recall list of prime numbers from previous slide. Start from greatest to least): 667/23 = 29

Part 1 Part A (5 of 5)
Explanation: Answer:

Step 3 Answer:

Since 29 is an integer and 667 is divisible by 23, 667 is not prime

Problem 1 Part B (1 of 4)
Determine by test for primality if 557 is a prime number

Problem 1 Part B (2 of 4)
Explanation: Work:

Step 1: Find Square Root of 557

557 23.6

Problem 1 Part B (3 of 4)
Explanation: Work:

Step 2: List all Prime Numbers that are less than or equal to 23.6

List of prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23

Problem 1 Part B (4 of 4)
Explanation: Answer:

Step 3: Determine whether or not 557 is divisible by any of the prime numbers so that the result is an integer.

Since 557 is not divisible by any of the prime numbers so that the result is an integer, 557 is a prime number

Problem 1 Part C
Determine by test for primality if 527 is a prime number

Problem 1 Part C (1 of 3)
Explanation: Work:

Step 1: Find Square Root of 527

527 22.9

Problem 1 Part C (2 of 3)
Explanation: Work:

Step 2: List all Prime Numbers that are less than or equal to 22.9

List of prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19

Problem 1 Part C (3 of 3)
Explanation: Answer:

Step 3: Determine whether or not 527 is divisible by any of the prime numbers so that the result is an integer.

527/17 = 31 Since 31 is an integer and 667 is divisible by 23, 667 is not prime

Problem 1 Part D (1 of 4)
Determine by test for primality if 613 is a prime number

Problem 1 Part D (2 of 4)
Explanation: Work:

Step 1: Find Square Root of 613

613 24.8

Problem 1 Part D (3 of 4)
Explanation: Work:

Step 2: List all Prime Numbers that are less than or equal to 24.8

List of prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23

Problem 1 Part D (4 of 4)
Explanation: Answer:

Step 3: Determine whether or not 613 is divisible by any of the prime numbers so that the result is an integer.

Since 613 is not divisible by any of the prime numbers so that the result is an integer, 613 is a prime number

Problem 2: Section 9.3 #24

24.

a. How many integers from 1 through 1,000 are multiples

of 2 or multiples of 9? b. Suppose an integer from 1 through 1,000 is chosen at random. Use the result of part (a) to find the probability that the integer is a multiple of 2 or a multiple of 9. c. How many integers from 1 through 1,000 are neither multiples of 2 nor multiples of 9?

Problem 2 Part A
How many integers from 1 through 1,000 are multiples of 2 or multiples of 9?

Problem 2 Part A (1 of 5)
Define the Sets:

Let A = the set of all integers from 1 to 1,000 that are multiples of 2
Let B = the set of all integers from 1 to 1,000 that are multiples of 9

So, (A B) is the set of all integers from 1 to 1,000 that are multiples of 2 or 9
And (A B) is the set of all integers from 1 to 1,000 that are multiples of 2 and 9 Or (A B) is the set of all integers from 1 to 1,000 that are multiples of 18

Problem 2 Part A (2 of 5)
Explanation:
Step 1: Determine how many integers in the range from 1 to 1000 are multiples of 2

Work:
|1000 - 2 | -------------- + 1 2 ((Floor of ((1000 - 2) / 2) + 1)) = 499 + 1 n(A) = 500

Problem 2 Part A (3 of 5)
Explanation:
Step 2: Determine how many integers in the range from 1 to 1000 are multiples of 9

Work:
|1000 - 9 | -------------- + 1 9 (Floor of ((1000 - 9) / 9) + 1)) = 110 + 1 n(B) = 111

Problem 2 Part A (4 of 5)
Explanation:
Step 3: Determine how many integers in the range from 1 to 1000 are multiples of 18 (both 2 AND 9)

Work:
|1000 - 18 | -------------- + 1 18 (Floor of ((1000 - 18) / 18) + 1)) = 54 + 1 n(A B) = 55

Problem 2 Part A (5 of 5)
Explanation:
Step 4: Inclusion/Exclusion Rule: n(AUB) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A B) Answer: n(AUB) = 556

Answer:
n(AUB) = 500 + 111 - 55

Problem 2 Part B
b. Suppose an integer from 1 through 1,000 is chosen at random. Use the result of part (a) to find the probability that the integer is a multiple of 2 or a multiple of 9.

Problem 2 Part B
Explanation:
Value from Part A (number of integers that are divisible by two or Nine) = 556. This is the event. Sample set = All the possible integers = 1000 Formula for probability is P = E/S

Answer:
Probability = 556 / 1000 = 0.556 Answer: P = 55.6%

Problem 2 Part C
c. How many integers from 1 through 1,000 are neither

multiples of 2 nor multiples of 9?

Problem 2 Part C (1 of 2)
Explanation:
Let (A Bc) = the set of all integers from 1 to 1,000 that are neither multiples of 2 nor multiples of 9. Let U (the universe) = the set of all integers from 1 to 1,000

Work:
U = 1,000

Problem 2 Part C (2 of 2)
Explanation:
Find the Complement of (A B).

Work:
(A Bc) = U - (A B) (A Bc) = 1,000 - 556 Answer: (A Bc) = 444

Problem 3: Section 9.6 #7

Another way to count the number of nonnegative integral solutions to an equation of the form x1+x2++xn=m is to reduce the problem to one of finding the number of n tuples (y1,y2,...,yn) with 0y1 y2yn m. The reduction results from letting yi =x1+x2++xi for each i =1,2,...,n. Use this approach to derive a general formula for the number of nonnegative integral solutions to x1+x2++xn =m.

Problem 3
To help explain this problem, we are going to a solve exercise number 3 from the textbook in section 9.6. Problem: A bakery produces six different kinds of pastry, one of which is eclairs. Assume there are at least 20 pastries of each kind.

a. How many different selections of twenty pastries are there?

b. How many different selections of twenty pastries are there if at least three must be eclairs?

c. How many different selections of twenty pastries contain at most two

eclairs?

Problem 3 Part A
a. How many different selections of twenty pastries are there?
To solve we use the following equation: Let r=20 and n=6

Where r will represent the number of combinations with repetitions allowed and n will represent the number of elements that can be selected from a set.

Problem 3 Part B
b. How many different selections of twenty pastries are there if at least three must be eclairs?
In this part of the problem the number of eclairs is 3, so we must show that the number of eclairs represent one repetition. 20 - 3 = 17.

Since there must be at least three eclairs in the selection of 20 pastries, let r be equal to 17.

Problem 3 Part C
c. How many different selections of twenty pastries contain at most two eclairs?
Let S represent the set of selections that contain any one of six pastries. Let R represent the set of selections that contain three or more eclairs. Let T represent the set of selections that contain two or less eclairs. To find T we must find the difference from S and R. S-R=T 53,130 - 26,334 = 26,796

Problem 3 Conclusion
Thus, to find number of nonnegative integral solutions to: where m represents the number of identical objects (in the examples case, pastries) that are found in n distinct locations (number of selections). The equation that can be derived from this is: