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Ariadna Marrero Enc 1101 Professor Massy 10/19/13

Annotated Bibliography Bond Lnydal, Carlin John, Rubin Kerryn, Patton George. "Does Bullying Cause Emotional Problem? A Prospective Study of Young Teenagers." British Medical Journal September 2001. Google Scholar. Web. Viewed on October 29, 2013. This article talks about the emotional and physical problems associated with bullying. Bullying occurs in every school and is a regular part of growing up but on the other hand it has been proven to cause depression, isolation, anxiety, stress, and low self esteem. To prove that bullying is a common problem and can be associated with many emotional and physical problems, they sent a 40 minute questionnaires to 26 different schools. The students were considered victimized if they answered yes to questions like if they've been teased, having rumors spread about them, physical harm, or threats. The respondents answered yes to be bullied over a span of eight years. As a result about 16% of those people have claimed to suffer anxiety! but after eight years of reoccurring bullying 61% of these participants have experience anxiety or depression. This can be an important aspect in my research because it shows a study where the correlation between emotional distress and bullying.

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Campbell, Marilyn. "Cyber Bullying: An Old Problem New Guise?" Australian Journal of Guidance and Counseling. Volume 15 issue 1 (68-76) 2005. Google Scholar. Web. Viewed on October 28, 2013. Bullying has been a problem for ages but has been viewed as a part of childhood. This 2has recently become a concerning problem in the last twenty years. A new type of bullying has emerged, cyber bullying. Bullying may be physical like punching or fighting but it has evolved into bullying on the internet by hurting an individual with words or humiliation. Technology can be useful or harmful depending on how you use it, cyber bullying is using technology to hurt others by email, social media, phones, or websites. This could occur by using derogatory terms in a student, by sending a picture without consent, or telling someone a persons secret or personal information. A very common was to bully someone is by taking a embarrassing picture of someone and posting it on the internet or sending to everyone. This article can be a great asset to my research because it shows another form of bullying called cyber bullying. This shows a type of bullying that in common in today's society. Hugh-Jones Siobhan, Smith Peter. Self-reports of short- and long-term effects of bullying on children who stammer. British Journal of Educational Psychology volume 6 issue 2 (141-158), June 1999. Google Scholar. Web. Viewed on October20, 2013. This article speaks about children with learning difficulties which have a higher risk of being bullied than those students dont have learning deficits. This portion of the article specifically addresses students who have speech issues such as stammering. In this study they put this theory to test and had 276 participants from the British Stammering Association for dysfluent people to go to school, interviews, and other things. In this study they learning

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that Consequently only half of teachers and parents realized that the students were being bullied, the other half had no idea of the problem. Most of the participants accounted for harmful effects and 46% reported long term effects. This article is an important aspect to my work because it shows the higher probability of which type of children may be bullied. It also shows that bullying happens in a environment away from adult supervision. Lagerspetz Kirsti, Salmivalli Christina. Bullying as a group process: Participants roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior Volume 22 issue 1 (1-15).Google Scholar. Web. Viewed on October 2, 2013. This article claims that there are different participant roles when it comes to bullying. These meaning the position individual children take in circumstances of bullying. According to this article the author claims there are six possible positions; bully, victim, assistant of the bully, reinforcer of the bully, defender of the victim, and outsider. In most cases the boys are the bully, assistant to the bully, and the reinforcer, while the girls are usually the defender of the victim or the outsider. The subjects were aware of the role they were taking but didnt realize the effect they had on the situation. This is an important aspect to my research showing how every person has an impact on the situation. It demonstrates how every student has an impact whether they are actively involved in the circumstance; either there to reinforce the bully, even those who are outsiders could make a difference. Kim, Young, Levental, Bennett. "Bullying and Suicide. A Review." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. Volume 20 2(133-154). May 2, 2011. Google Scholar. Web.

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Viewed on October 29, 2013.

This article talks about the consequences of bullying. Bullying is constantly hurting or bring someone down on purpose. This is a bigger problem than most people realize, effecting 9-54% of people worldwide. The victims of bullying have been reported to have a plethora of clinical problems, such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, phobias of school, feelings of insecurity, isolation, loneliness, unhappiness. The bullies themselves have been reported to have depression, more likely to be antisocial, and are more likely to get in legal trouble later in life. The majority of students who bully other students have been bullied, or they come broken homes. Suicide is the third leading cause in adolescents ,bullied has widely contributed to suicide. The fact that victims of bullying feel helpless and that nothing in life will ever get better so they take their lives. This article is important to my research because it shows the consequences that bullying can bring. It proves that bullying isn't a problem that just blows over but has lasting consequences that can possible end with death.

Nansel Tonja, Overpeck Mary, Pilla Ramani, Ruan Juan, Simons-Marton Bruce, Scheidt Peter. Bullying Behavior among US Youth Prevalence and Association With Psychosocial Adjustment. The Journal of the American Medical Association 285(16) April 25, 2001. Google Scholars. Web. Viewed on October 20, 2013 This article is important to my research because it shows the most common ways people are bullied. This article claims that the most common way girl bully each other is by teasing and calling each other names while boys tease each other and are more prone to

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violence as well. It has been shown that those bullied and bullies have demonstrated a more unstable psychosocial functioning than their peer whom isnt involved in bullying. The victims of bullying and bullies demonstrate higher levels of conduct problems in school and have more dislike of school. The victims of bullying show higher levels of insecurity, depression, anxiety, loneliness, unhappiness, and most commonly low self- esteem. This is useful to my research because it shows the short term and long term effects bullying can have on young student. It can help my research by showing me what kind of bullying is common in children. Smith Peter, Whitney Irene.A survey of the nature and extent of bullying in junior/middle school and Secondary Schools. Educational Research Volume 35 number 1 1998. Google Scholar. Web. Viewed on October 20,2013. This article talks about how bullying effects everyone, age, race, gender, so on and so forth. Bullying was never considered a real problem it was considered a normal part of growing up, because of that bullying was never brought attention .Due to the violent upsurge of bullying in the media more studies have been preformed to find the reason why certain people are affected by bullying. In one study they sent anonymous questionnaires to 6000 students in middle school, and questionnaires to seven secondary schools. The results showed were shocking; students of all gender, race, and age admitted to some form of bullying. This study showed that ethnicity, and size isnt linked with bullying but by social restraint. This study proves that anyone may be able to experience bullying. This information is important to my work because it shows bullying is a growing problem. It also helps pinpoint the reasons on why bullying occurs in schools.

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Sonia Sharp, Peter Smith, Peter K. Smith. School Bullying: Insights and Perspective. London. Routledge, 1994. Print. In the book School Bullying: Insights and perspectives the author talks about the definition of bullying. Bullying according to Smith bullying is "the systematic abuse of power"(2). According to the author there will always be power relationships in schools, work, social status. The power that bullies wield may come from numbers in a group, the force, ability, or simply social status. Constant, repetitive, and deliberate abuse would be considered bullying. This can occur anywhere, workplace, home, prisons, and more commonly schools. This is a serious problem in schools because it is a general that can occur to any child; children don't realize the rights they have against these issues and are easy targets to bully because they won't fight back. According to studies 5-10% of children go through long term bullying. Bullying usually occurs in educational institutions and are hidden from adult supervision; consequently, when adults do find out about bullying there is very little information due to lack of information provided by the victim. This information can be helpful to my research because it provides the definition of bullying and where it occurs.