90% of u.s. Household owned TV sets 70 million sets sold > 40. Million berth Major Networks reaching the whole nation: AT&T coaxial cable and microwave relay (1951) Cross over from radio: drama, sitcoms, variety 3. Feature film and talk show 4. TV news and documentary - Edward R. Murrow (cbs); - David Brinkley and Chat Huntley (NBC)
90% of u.s. Household owned TV sets 70 million sets sold > 40. Million berth Major Networks reaching the whole nation: AT&T coaxial cable and microwave relay (1951) Cross over from radio: drama, sitcoms, variety 3. Feature film and talk show 4. TV news and documentary - Edward R. Murrow (cbs); - David Brinkley and Chat Huntley (NBC)
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90% of u.s. Household owned TV sets 70 million sets sold > 40. Million berth Major Networks reaching the whole nation: AT&T coaxial cable and microwave relay (1951) Cross over from radio: drama, sitcoms, variety 3. Feature film and talk show 4. TV news and documentary - Edward R. Murrow (cbs); - David Brinkley and Chat Huntley (NBC)
Copyright:
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• Attractive advertising medium • Influential mass media • Convergence to new technologies Beginning A. 1950s: Flourishing Era • 5” $200; 12” $600 • 90% of U.S. household owned TV sets • 70 million sets sold > 40.5 million berth • Major Networks reaching the whole nation: AT&T coaxial cable and microwave relay (1951) The beginning B. Content: 2. Cross over from radio: Drama, sit- coms, variety 3. Feature film and talk show 4. TV news & documentary. – Edward R. Murrow (CBS); – David Brinkley & Chat Huntley (NBC). 5. Time Brokers until the quiz show scandal The $64,000 Question fixed outcome scandal Networks sold commercial spot time Lucille Ball: I love Lucy • 1951 changed TV producing • Live-on-film: film cameras instead of TV cameras • Editing • Program Reruns • Weekly series produced in short time – 39 weeks in 20-24 weeks McCarthyism • FBI Report on Communist Influence in R & TV. • Accused 151 broadcast personalities • Advertisers avoided broadcasters who hired these people • Networks background screen for employees. • 1954 all network coverage of hearings Nielsen Ratings • Cross over from Radio • Started in 1923 as product testing • Developed into Market Research • 1936 radio ratings • 1950 television ratings • 15,000 households selected • Peoplemeter: press button to record viewing choice, time, etc. • Paper diary surveys: Feb, May, July, Nov. – Combined w/ peoplemeter; advertisers set rates for 3 months • 2011: Electronic Survey 1960 Influence • 1967 Public Broadcasting Act: educational stations, PBS. 300 affiliates, now. • 1960 debate: Nixon-Kennedy • 1963 Kennedy’s funeral • 1969 Armstrong’s walk on the moon • Civil rights & anti-vietnam TV Industry • Networks: affiliates (1,366) • Controlled by few organizations: – ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX • Affiliate relationship: 4. Network Programs – Compensation (direct pay) – Local commercial time (local advertisers) 5. Off network Programs – Network-type programs controlled by Cable & Satellite Television • 2001 more shares than network TV • Basic Programming: TBS, TNT, USA, Comedy Central • Premium Cable: HBO, Showtime, Starz, Encore, Sports Channels Convergence Digital TV • HDTV: high definition television • Multiplexing: dividing channel • VCR – DVD ––DVR • Portable Video devices