-:

: Arch - 1 fire safety

: Elec - 2 fire Alarm
:Mech - 3 )fire protection(fire fighting
.
)-:)Arch eng
.1

.
-:
( )office building
.

( )

-:
+ .

( )

 -:
.

( )

.2

.

 .3 ( )
.

( )

33

( ) :
- 1 .
- 2 .
- 3 33

.
- 4
.
- 5
.
- 6 .

 -:
.
(
).
.2 (-:)electrical eng
()automatic alarm system
()smoke detector single .
( Smoke detector ) -:
( )
( Heat detector ) -: (
)
( Light detector ) -: (
).

( -: )mechanical eng
-:
- 1 Combustion material
- 2 Oxygen
- 3
Ignition temperature
-:
-:
-:oxygen O2 .
-:ignition temperature ))ignition temperature


. .


Fire fighting sys classification
1- Water sys

2-Gas sys
:
Sprinkler sys - 1 .
Hazel sys - 2 .
Fire hydrant sys - 3 .
:
Fire Extinguisher - 1 .
FM-200, CO2, FE-13 - 2 .
Automatic sprinkler sys

:

.
-:

( )NFPA
( )FOC
.
(-:)classification of occupancies

.

 :

.
( -:)Light hazard

.
............. .
( (churches( )clubs ( )Educational( )Hospitals
( ) libraries, except large stack rooms( (museums
( -(office, including data processing
( )Restaurant seating areas ( )theaters ( Nursing or
)convalescent homes ( -)institutional
( ............... (Residential .
(-:)Ordinary Hazard

.1 ( )-:) Group(1


()4.2 8 .
( )Automobile parking( ) Bakeries
( (Industries food ( (Electronic plants
( ) Glass and glass products manufacturing( ) Laundries
( -)Restaurant service areas ( -)Showrooms
( -)Beverage manufacturing ( -)Canneries
(.)Dairy products manufacturing and processing

 .4 ( (-:( Group(2


()7.3 14
.
( )Chemical plants ( )Dry cleaners
( )Horse stables( )Machine shops
( ) Libraries- large stack room areas ( ( Metal industries
( (Paper industries ( ) Post office ( (Repair garages
( (Tire manufacturing ((Wood machining
( -)Cereal mills ( (confectionery products
( (Distilleries ( - (food mills
( -)Leather good manufacturing( )Mercantile
( )Paper and pulp mills ( -)Printing and publishing
( -)textile manufacturing
( -)Tobacco products manufacturing (.)Wood product assembly
(-:)Extra hazard

.1 ( )-:) Group(1


.
( )Combustible hydraulic fluid use areas
( ) Die casting ( )Plywood and particle board manufacturing
3773
( ) Printing (use inks with below 100f (37,8C)flash points ()Rubber
( - )Cotton industries( ) compounding( - )Drying
( )milling ( ..........( Vulcanizing .

 -4 ( (-:( Group(2
.
( ) Industries carbonated compressed ()Oils
( )Detergents( (Polishes( )Paint and varnish
( (Asphalt saturating
( (flammable liquid spring
( (Mobile home, modular building assemblies (.(Solvent cleaning

:
- 1 () -:Wet Pipe System

( 2 37
) ( )14.1.

Wet Riser Sprinklers System

 -4 () -:Dry Pipe System

.


( 2 ) .
( 37 )
( )14.1 ( 24 ).

Dry Riser Sprinklers System

 - 4 () -: Pre-Action System



.
( )
.

13

 -2 -:Deluge System


.
.

.

-:
) ( 25 ( )

.

-:
( )15 (
)
.
11

 Deluge Riser Sprinklers System

: -:
.

.

-:

.

.

12

Sprinkler types
:
-1

-: Glass type

cone .

13

-2

-:Fusible link type

.
63
113.
-:
.



.

Color Code
Orange
Red
Yellow
Green
Blue
Light Violet
Black

Operating Temperature
57C
135F
68C
155F
79C
175F
93C
200F
141C
285F
182C
360F
260C
500F

14

:
" 1/2" or 3/4 ". 1/2

15

 UL,FM,

.

-:
( )Alarm system
( )sprinkler system
.
-
- heater
alarm system signal
.
( (SPRINKLER TYPE :
-: Pendant type sprinkler-1

false ceiling .
-:
:Up right sprinkler-2

16


.
:Side wall sprinkler-3

.
-:
( )false ceiling
( )false ceiling ()sidewall .

()false ceiling

17

:Recessed sprinkler .2

:Concealed sprinkler .5

:Flush sprinkler .6

13

 :
:Intermediate level sprinkler - 1

.
: Corrosion resistant sprinkler - 2

.
: Decorative sprinkler - 3
.

19

 : :
:

Suction Line Delivery Line Headers & Collectors Risers Cross Main Branch Lines - Fittings

23

-:
)Tree Network( -

Main
Sprinkler
Main
Cross main
Remote area or Worst area

21

- ()Loop Network

22

-:
((Loop Network fitting fiction losses
Loop X
Pump

( )Tree Network branch 8

branch 8 tree

23

 -:
()Main Cross ( )Main
( )Tee-Joint ()Eddies ()friction losses
( )tee-joint ( Dead
)end 5
( )Main Cross ( )tee
tee Main line

Fitting types

24

25

 -:

:

Alarm Check Valve

26

 Alarm Control Valve :

Gate Valve
Control Valve
Check Valve
Mechanical Gong
Pressure Gauges
Flow meter
Test and Drain Valve

O.S & Y Gate Valves

27

Or

23

Butterfly Valves

29

 -:
Fluid( main branch gate valve )branch
branch branch ))

Check Valves

33

31

-:Zone Control Valve

Zone Control Valve
Valve zone
branch Riser Riser

)Zone Control Valve (ZCV

Pump

( Riser)

32

Zone Control Valve

4
3

1
2

7
9

-:) ZCV)
Drain-1
Riser-2
Outside&youk gate valve with temperature switch -3
(Indicting valve)
Pressure gauge-4
Flow switch-5
Non Return Valve -6
Test Valve -7
Slight glass-8
Drain Valve -9
-:Notes
. 5777 2877ZCV
) Sprinklers( ) Cross main( ZCV
Valve FDC
Sprinkler ZCV SprinklerFDC Riser

zcv
FDC

33

Sprinkler

) Test Valve, Sight glass, Drain Valve (

Drain
) Test Valve, Sight glass, Drain Valve(
.

Description

Used to test water flow through sprinkler systems

Available in 1", 1 1/4", 1 1/2" and 2" NPT sizes
Two-position ball valve (1/2" restricted orifice for test and full open for drain) with sight glass

Model 9210
Test and drain assembly

34

 ZCV

-1
)-:)Indicating valve

)(O.S & Y Gate Valve with temperature switch

) )gate valve ))temperature switch

gate valve
) )alarm.

:Gate Valve OS&Y Gate Valve with Temp. Switch

(-:)temperature switch
( )gate valve
) )temperature switch ) )alarm
.

-:pressure gauge -4

()gate valve

35

-:Flow switch -7
flow flow
alarm .branch

Flow

36

Non Return valve or check valve -2

-: Riser
Riser
Non Return valve Riser
Riser .

test valve-5
test
test valve gpm .

sight glass-6

Description
Used to test water flow through sprinkler systems
Available in 1", 1 1/4", 1 1/2" and 2" NPT sizes
Cast iron, with acrylic see-through windows

37

Drain valve -3
sprinkler outside& yuck Gate valve
Drain valve

Drain & Test Valve Valve

33

 4 ().
4 ().
-:

test
-:
test pump Pump flow rate
14 bar 1.5bar pressure gauge
branch line
1 2
Gate valve
-:test
14bar 1.5bar GV

24 12 12

24
% 5 .

expansion joint .
Test

39

Fire Pumps
250 gpm
4.5 bar
riser 250 gpm 1250 gpm
.1250 gpm
.
Stand by
Electrical Stand by Diesel
,


-:Stand by

gpm FHC
gpm
Standby.
) )jockey pump
gpm 15: 13

Jockey pump
gpm 20: 15 -:Discharge
- :Head Head Head Pump ( )10ft
-:
Head 230ft Head jockey 240ft
245ft 240ft 239ft jockey pump
.240ft
centefigual gpm 15 head = 30 ft
53 33 .
Split case pump
Head & gpm
43

 -:
jockey discharge 20gpm Head 240ft
) ) Centrifugal pump jockey pump
( )multi stage pump vertical

Multi stage pump

Impeller
impeller
Q

41

 -:
)) )Performance curve op pumps(H- Q Curve
( )Q&H -:
- 1 Q H .
- 2 .65%

- 3 Q % 153 H % 65 .
( Q 150% H )40%
Shut off pressure - 4 ( )Q=0
))Shut off head % 143 H
- 5 FM & UL
- 6 25 . gpm 5333
-:Cavitations
30c

))
)NPSH( Net positive suction head
( Net positive suction head 13 ).psi 23
-:Cavitations
( )Pump Room tank

Q1 / Q2 = N1 / N2 = D1 / D2
42

Bph 1 / bph 2 = N1 / N2 = D1 / D2

H&Q H&Q
1450 rpm


-:


gpm head

2900 rpm :


gpm head

-:

.
-:
( )Running cost
2900rpm initial cost gpm.
( )-:
1450rpm
(Running cost )

43

 13 13
)pressure reducing valve (prv
prv
9 psi 13
()2Riser
prv )(pressure gauge

Riser
.

44

flow rate pump

flow rate Riser flow rate -:Flow rate (gpm)
250gpm flow rate Riser
fire Hydrant flow rate 1250gpm Riser
.250gpm

Qpump = Qr + Qs + Qf.h
-: Qf.h
flow rate sprinklers -: Qs
flow rate Riser - : Qr

flow rate fire hydrant

Pump HP

HP= gpm* Head (in feat)

3960*
0.63 ) Wrest case)

-:

HP= (m/h)* Head(in m)

270 *

3 header
Electrical pump - 1
Diesel pump - 2
Jockey pump - 3

45

 - :
- 1 header cavitations
Suction header Header
Discharge Header .

Electrical
pump

To System

Gate valve

Diesel
pump

Jockey pump

46

Tank

1. Fuel Tank, Diesel Engine

2. Isolation Gate Valve (suction)
3. Compound Suction Gauge
4. Automatic Air Release Valve
5. Diesel Engine Drive
6. Horizontal Split Case Fire Pump
7. Discharge Pressure Gauge
8. Enclosed Waste Cone with Sight Glasses
9. Main Relief Valve
10. Low Suction Pressure Shutoff Valve
11. Fire Pump Controller
12. System Check Valve
13. Jockey Pump Controller
14. Jockey Pump
15. Isolation Valves
16. Ball Drip Valve
17. Test Valve Manifold with Hose Valves,
Caps & Chains

47

HORIZONTAL SPLIT CASE FIRE PUMP SYSTEM

ELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVEN

1. Isolation Gate Valve (suction)

2. Compound Suction Gauge
3. Horizontal Split Case Fire
Pump, Electric Motor Driven
4. Automatic Air Release Valve
5. Casing Relief Valve
6. Discharge Pressure Gauge
7. Low Suction Pressure
Shutoff Valve
8. Fire Pump Controller
9. System Check Valve
10. Jockey Pump Controller
11. Jockey Pump
12. Isolation Valves
13. Ball Drip Valve
14. Test Valve Manifold with
Hose Valves, Caps & Chains

43

ABCD
A = Control Valve (required) .
This valve must be an OS&Y.
B = Jockey Pump
C = Check Valve (required) .
To prevent water from flowing
back into the pump, a check
valve is required on the
discharge side of the pump.
D = Control Valve (required) .
This control valve is installed to
Allow the jockey pump to be
Isolated for maintenance
Purposes. This valve may be an
OS&Y or butterfly type

49

-2
-Eccentric Reducer on Suction line: pump Head discharge suction 2
6 Reducer Reducer
Eccentric
Air Bucket Cavitations .Pump
2

Eccentric Reducer -:Concentric Reducer

Eccentric Reducer

Concentric Reducer

53

 Eccentric Reducer -:Concentric Reducer

Concentric Reducer
( )Air Bucket
Cavitations
Air Bucket

Eccentric Reducer


Air Bucket

Air Bucket

Cavitations
()Pump

-:
Reducer Suction Enlarger
Discharge ( )Friction loss ) )Eddies

Fitting pipe line ( )4:1.5
.
Water line ) )Strainer
Suction
.
Suction ( Strainer Gate valve
Gate valve Gate valve )
.Suction

51

-3 -:
)-:Gate Valve (os&Y type with temperature switch

.System

Electrical

Diesel

( Flexible Connection Suction :)discharge

( )Rubber Vibration
.
-:Check Valve or Non Return Valve
discharge line
Check Valve
.Main line

52

-:
Check valve .
-:Pressure gage Suction discharge

Header.

-:Flow meter & test line

Test line Header Discharge header
OS &Y Gate valve ( )Flow meter Gate
valve gpm Test line
gpm Flow meter .
Os&y gate valve
Flow meter

Check valve
To system

Tank
Electrical
pump
Diesel
pump

- 4 Insulator Rubber
-:
()Rubber

53

13
5
-:
.

- 5 " 2

54

Water Tank
Capacity
-:

Time
30 : 60 min
90 : 120 min
120 min

Hazard
Light Hazard
Ordinary Hazard
Extra Hazard

liter /1000 = m3

= gallon * 3.75

= )Volume water = flow rate (gpm) * time (min

Where:-

-:
Ordinary Hazard 750 gpm

= V = 750 gpm X 90 min X 3.785 / 1000
Say tank volume equal to = 100 m3
-:
( Strainer)
- 1

55

 - 2 63 53

-3
( 63 )

domestic level

53
level domestic
domestic
vacuum

56

 domestic


.

-4

57

 -5 fire domestic
circulation ( fire domestic )
Stirrer impeller fire
( )domestic

tank domestic -:
domestic
float valve valve
tank

( )over flow
10cm 4

53

Make up pipe 4

-:
suction 30cm
30cm
10cm
anti-vortex plate plate
(vortex)

13
pressure drop cavitations anti vortex plate
plate 5D
paddle flange

59

-:
13 anti- vortex plate

anti vortex plate 7.5 5D

-1 4
()gpm

- 2

-:
70cm pebble flange
(
)
paddle flange

-:
anti- vortex plate
vortex vortex
pressure drop cavitations

63

-:Vent pipe
wire mesh
4

-: vent pipe
-:
-: 13
two vent pipe

61

 )water supply(make up pipe and men hole

-: Plane men hole
(63*63 )

- :Elevation make up pipe 33
33 .

plane

60cm

60cm

60*60

elvation

30cm

Make up pipe

- Flow Valve

-:over flow
" 4 Over Flow flow switch
flow switch
drain .drain trench
-: drain ( ) drain
trench
-: over flow 10cm
-:Drain

(13*53*53 )
()1/100

62

 drain - drain trench 30*30

-:drain trench
drain .
over flow

drain trench sump pit
two submersible pumps

()submersible pumps
-:Level1 ) )sp1& sp2 off
-:Level2 sp1
-:Level3 sp1&sp2

63

 off sp1
sp1 sp2 deliver header
.

64

PUMP ROOM DESIAN

Accessories .
63 63
suction header
delivery header .

65

 :
:NFPA - 1 .
: FOC - 2 .

66

 :
1
2
3
4
5
6

. No of sprinkler . Distance . GPM Head. . Water tank - . Size of pipe

( )
.
:


1- Light Hazard : ............. .

- ............... .
2- Ordinary Hazard :
1- Group (1) :
.

67

2- Group (2):

.
3- Extra Hazard:-

1- Group (1):
3773 .......... .
2- Group (2): .
Protection Area Limitations per Sprinkler:
.
.
Protection Area Limitations per Sprinkler
Hazard
Area
Distance between
)(m2
)sprinkler (m
Light Hazard
18.6
2.6
Ordinary Hazard
14.1
2.6
Extra Hazard
4.7
7.3

: 2 .

( )Head .

Protection Area Limitations per Sprinkler

Hazard
Area
Distance between
)(m2
)sprinkler (m
Light Hazard
15
2.4
Ordinary Hazard
11.5 - 14
7.3
Extra Hazard
8
7

-:
- 1
.
- 2 4 132 .
63

 - 3

.
- 4
.

Sprinkler Operation Area: .

5
33 . .
)Area (m2
174
174
474

Hazard
Light Hazard
Ordinary Hazard
Extra Hazard

-:
.

.
.

69

1- Main line:
2- Cross Main:
3- Branch line:

Hydraulic Calculation
,
:
No of Sprinkler = Area / Area coverage per Sprinkler
-:
Area = 10 X 20 = 200 m2
No of Sprinkler = 200 / 12.1= 17 sprinkler
. 13

Q gpm = 29.83 C d2 (P psi) 1/2
Where:
d: Sprinkler Diameter in inch.
Psi = Ft (head) X 0.433
C: material of Sprinkler.
We have (C, d) are constant for sprinkler
So we get:
Q gpm = K (P psi) 1/2
K: constant for sprinkler
Nominal orifice
Size (in)

Orifice type

K Factor

1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
17/32

Small
Small
Small
Small
Standard
Large

1.3 1.5
1.8 2.0
2.6 2.9
4.0 4.4
5.3 5.8
7.4 8.2

Percent of
nominal 1/2"
Discharge
25
33.3
50
75
100
140

5765 = K
. K
Q=AX
Where:Q: minimum flow required
A: area of coverage
: required density
.
73


Hydraulic Calculation .
- 1 .130 Ft2
- 2
No of Operated Sprinkler = A operative / A operative per sprinkler
= 1500 / 130 = 11.54 = 12 Sprinkler.
- 3
1.2 X (A operation) 1/2

= No of Sprinkler across branch

Distance between sprinklers across branch

= 1.2 X (1500) 0.5 / 13 = 3.57 = 4 Sprinkler.
- 4


- 5

-:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
9

( : )1 ( : )2 ( )Bl-1 ,1 . 1 ( : )3 q Q .Q = q in Sp No 1 + q in Sp No 2
( : )4 .
( : )5 . ( : )6 . ( : )7 . ( : )3 Pt Pe Pf .
( : )13 q = K X (P) 0.5

P q .K=5.65

For Ordinary Hazard, Group (1), 1500 Ft2

71

Step No

Nozzle
Location

Bl-1

Flow
in
gpm

Bl-1

DN

1725
"

7
Bl-3
to
cm

Cm
to
F.F

UG
Cro
wn
pipe

Q =172

Q
=260.4

0.124

Pf= 1.6
Pt = 13.5
Pe =
Pf= 1.6
Pt = 15.1
Pe =

T =13

Pf= 1.7

L = 20.5
F = 16

Pt = 16.8
Pe =

T =36.5

Pf= 8.6

L = 10

Pt = 25.4

F=

2"

0.07

Pe =

T =10

Pf= 0.7

L = 10
F=

Pt = 26.1
Pe =

2.5"

0.139
T =10
L = 70
F=

2.5"

Pf= 1.1
Pt =27.2
Pe =
0.233

E
AV
Q
=260.4

T =13
L = 13
F=0

0.237

q
=88.4
Q
=260.4

Pt = 11.9
Pe =

1.5"

q = 86.6

Bl-2
to
Bl-3

Q =85.4

C120

0.132

5
Cm
to
Bl-2

Pressure
summary

L = 13
F=0

1.5"

q=23.2
Q=85.4

Friction
losses psi

T =13
L = 13
F=0

2T
RN

Equiv.
pipe
length

0.125

q=22
Q=62.2

1"

q=20.7
Q=40.2

Pipe
Fitting

q=
Q=19.5

Bl-1

Pipe
size

T =70
L = 119
F = 21

3"

Pf= 16.3
Pt =43.5
Pe = 6.5
0.081

GV

T =140

E
GV

L = 50
F =32.2

C150

Pt =61.3
Pe =

Pf= 5
P t = 66.3

72

D=0.15
gpm
K=5.65
q=AX =
130X0.15
=19.5
p=11.9
q=
5.65X
13.50.5=20
.7
q=
5.65X
15.10.5=22

q=
5.65X
16.80.5=23
.2
K = 85.4 /
25.40.5 =
16.95

q=
19.95X
26.10.5 =
86.6
q=
19.95X
27.20.5 =
88.4

Pe = 15 X
0.433 =
6.5

Pf= 11.3

0.061
T =82.2

Normal
pressure

Copper=
21X 1.51
= 32.2

= .
13 = L , F
. 13 = T
q =A X = 133
3715 gpm/ft2 , 9
q = 130 X 0.15 = 19.5 gpm.
q = K X (P) 0.5
P = [19.5 / 5.65] 2 = 11.9 psi.

43 133 psi
30 / 100 X 0.433 = 0.124 psi / Ft
0.124 X 13 = 1.6 psi
+

Pt2 = 1.6 + 11.9 = 13.5 psi
q , Q
q = 5.65 X (13.5)0.5 = 20.7 gpm.
Q = 20.7 + 19.5 = 40.2 gpm.
. 3
4
T 2 T
. T = 8 Ft
5 q = 85.4
p = 25.4
q, p
k
0.5
K = 85.4 / (25.4) = 16.95
6 k = 16795

7 p q Q
k ". 2.5
3 " 3 ,
93 Pe
.
9

Q = 260.4 gpm, P = 66.3 psi

73

Pipe Schedule
:
- 1 .
- 2 .
- 3 .Extra Hazard
.
.
15psi Light ordinary 20 psi
residual pressure losses
residual pressure total pressure . gpm
density = 0.15 . 1500 ft2 = working area
gpm = 1500 X 0.15 = 225
. operative area . 12
gpm / sp = 100 / 225 = 19 gpm per sprinkler
. pipe sch
19 gpm .

Light hazard pipe schedule

Copper
2 Sprinkler
3 Sprinkler
5 Sprinkler
12 Sprinkler
40 Sprinkler
65 Sprinkler
115 Sprinkler

steel
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4

1
2 Sprinkler
1
3 Sprinkler
1
5 Sprinkler
2
10 Sprinkler
2
30 Sprinkler
3
60 Sprinkler
3
100 Sprinkler
4
For SI Unite 1 in.= 25.4mm

52000 Ft2 ) (4831m2 100

.Ordinary Hazard

74

Ordinary Hazard Pipe Schedule

steel

Copper

1
2 Sprinkler
1
3 Sprinkler
1
5 Sprinkler
2
10 Sprinkler
2
20 Sprinkler
3
40 Sprinkler
3
65 Sprinkler
4
100 Sprinkler
5
160 Sprinkler
6
275 Sprinkler
For SI Unite 1 in.= 25.4mm

1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
6

2 Sprinkler
3 Sprinkler
5 Sprinkler
12 Sprinkler
25 Sprinkler
45 Sprinkler
75 Sprinkler
115 Sprinkler
180 Sprinkler
300 Sprinkler

Extra Hazard Pipe Schedule:steel

Copper

1
1 Sprinkler
1
2 Sprinkler
1
5 Sprinkler
2
8 Sprinkler
2
15 Sprinkler
3
27 Sprinkler
3
40 Sprinkler
4
55 Sprinkler
5
90 Sprinkler
6
150 Sprinkler
For SI Unite 1 in.= 25.4mm

1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
6

1 Sprinkler
2 Sprinkler
5 Sprinkler
8 Sprinkler
20 Sprinkler
30 Sprinkler
45 Sprinkler
65 Sprinkler
100 Sprinkler
170 Sprinkler

. (2323 m2) 25000 Ft2

75

 ((Fire Hose cabient

-:
Hose Reel: - 1 Rubber .

:Hose Rack - 2
.
1 or 1 100 gpm
, 4.5 bar 2 250 gpm . 4.5 bar
7 :
:Exposed- 1 25 .
:Semi predated- 4 13 15.
:Recessed- 7 .

: Hose Cabinet
1
2
3
4
5

. . 33 Travel Distance 6 .
. - 93 153 .

, Fire Hydrant
33 2.5 4.5 bar . 250 gpm
Dry Riser 4
check Valve Riser Siemens Connection Landing Valve
Siemees Connection

:
.
.
76

Fire Extinguishers



Definitions: Class A Fire:
Class B Fire:
Class C Fire:
Class D Fire:
Classification of Hazard:Light: Class A & little of Class B
Ordinary: Class A & B
Extra: Class A & B but with large quantity.
Selection of Extinguishers:
Class A Fire: Water or Dry Chemical
Class B Fire: Foam, FFFP, AFFF, CO2, Dry Chemical.
Class C Fire: Co2, Dry Chemical.
Class D Fire: According to Material & its chap bars or not
Fire Extinguisher Size & Placement for Class A Hazard :-

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