‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺩﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺃﻭﺘﺎﻭﻱ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺫ ‪ 1930‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ )‪(Foreign Policy Research Institute‬‬
‫‪2009/8/17‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺎﻤﻼﻥ ﻴﻌﺩ‪‬ﺍﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺍﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻋـﺩﺓ ﻋﻘـﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﻭﺃﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ .‬ﻭﻤـﻊ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﺃﻨﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻴﻘـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﹼ‬
‫ﻅﻠﻠﻨﺎ ﻨﺘﻤﺘﻊ "ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ" ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪ 60‬ﻋﺎﻤـﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺫ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻭﺼﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻗـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺇ ﹼ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻤﻅﻠﺔ ﺃﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻋﺩﻭﺍﻥ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺭﺴﺕ ﺩﻋﺎﺌﻡ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﻜل ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝـﺔ ﺘﺤﻜـﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴـﻁﺔ ﺁل‬
‫ﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﻭﺒﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﺘﻌﺘﻨﻕ ﻓﻜـﺭ ﺃﺼـﻭﻝﻲ ﻤﺘﺸـﺩﺩ ﻴﻌـﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻫﺎﺒﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺎﻝﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺁل ﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺒﻲ ﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻀﺩ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺼـﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﺎل ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺯﻭﺠﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺠـﺎل ﺍﻝـﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺎﺭﻀﻭﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺭﻗﺹ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﻜﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀـﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺴـﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻝﺒﺎﺕ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﻭﻗﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺴـﺎﺀ ﻝﻠﺴـﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻓﻔـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻋﻘﺩ ﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﻜﻬﺫﺍ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺠﻠﺴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﺨـﺭﻯ ﻴﺘـﺎﺒﻌﻥ‬

‫ﺩﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺃﻭﺘﺎﻭﻱ ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﺩ ﻭﻴﻠﺴﻭﻥ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺴل ﺼﺤﻔﻲ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻝﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﺸﻨﻁﻥ ﺒﻭﺴﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎل ﻤﺎﺨﻭﺫ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻋﺩﻩ ﺤﻭل "ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ"‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺼﻴﻔﻲ ﻝﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻗﻴﻡ ﺒﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ‪ 25‬ﺇﻝﻰ ‪ 27‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪2009‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻓﻴﻼﺩﻝﻔﻴﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻔﺯﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﺩﻭﻝﻴـﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻴﻜـﻭﻥ ﻫﻨـﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺤﺎﺠﺯ ﻓﺎﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺴﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺭﻏﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻓـﺎﻝﻐﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‪ -‬ﺃﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺭﺠﺎل ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺸﻜﻠﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺘﻬﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﻠﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺄﺴﺴﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1932‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻤﻜـﻥ ﻤـﻥ ﻫﺯﻴﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺨﺼﻭﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺨﻼل ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﻤﻊ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺴﺘﺎﻨﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺃﻭﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻝﻴﻔﻭﺭﻨﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺒﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺸﻴﻔﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻝﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻨﻘﻴﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻗﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻐﺎﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻴﻘﻴﻤﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺍﻝﺸـﻭﺍﻁﺊ ﺍﻝﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻡ ﺃﻋﻀـﺎﺀ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﻨﻴﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺸﺭﻭﻥ ﺴﺎﻋﺩﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤـل ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺩﺨﻠﻭﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺠﻨﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﻭﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﺄﻱ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﺼﻴﺭ ‪ .‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﻁﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﺘﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝـﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﻗـﺕ ﻫـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺠﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻥ ﻋﻨﻬﻡ ﻜﻠﻴ ﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﻜﻪ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻝﻠﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﺠﺎﺀ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﺜﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﻨـﺫﺍﻙ ﺠـﻭﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻻ ﻓـﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴـﺔ ﻋﻘـﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺎﻜﺎﻏﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ .1950‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﻨﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻠﻘـﺎﺀ ﺇ ﹼ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻠﻘﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺸـﻴﺌ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺌﻌ ﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺤﺭﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻘﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﻁ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺸـﻐﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻏل ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻤﻁﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﺸﻨﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﻠﻘﻪ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﺸـﻴﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺴـﻌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺒـل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻷﺤﺭﻯ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺨﺸﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺠﻭﻡ ﻭﺸﻴﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺌﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺸﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ ﺘﺤﻜـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﺤﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁل ﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﻷﻨﻬﻡ ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﺈﺒﻌﺎﺩﻫﻡ ﻤﻥ‬

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‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﻠﺘﻌﺎﻤـل ﻤـﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺘﻬﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺸﻤﻲ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺎﻝﻑ ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻱ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺼـﻭل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﻤﻨﺤﺔ ﻭﺒﺄﺴﺭﻉ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁـﺎﻨﻴﻭﻥ ﺘﺤﺎﻝﻔـ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻜﻬﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻴﺜﻕ ﺒﻬﻡ ﻷﻨﻬﻡ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﻴﻥ ﻷﻋﺩﺍﺌﻪ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺸﻤﻴﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﻌـل‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﻤﺎﻜﺎﻏﻲ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻘﻴﺏ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻝـﻨﻔﻁ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺴﻤﺢ ﻝﻠﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺒﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝـﺩﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫"ﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﻭﻯ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻘل ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻝﻠﻨﻔﻁ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘـﻡ ﺃﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻝﻠﻨﻔﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ .1938‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋـﺎﻡ ‪ ،1943‬ﺒـﺩﺃ ﺍﻝـﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜـﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺯﻓﻠﺕ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻪ ﻴﺩﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻠﻥ ﺭﻭﺯﻓﻠﺕ "ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻻﺒـﺩ ﺃﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺠﺄ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺴﻤﻌﻭﺍ ﻗﻁ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎل ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺭﻭﺯﻓﻠﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻠﻴﺎﻡ ﻨﻭﻜﺱ ﻝﻠﻜﻭﻨﻐﺭﺱ ﻓـﻲ ﻤـﺎﺭﺱ ‪ 1944‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺏ ﺠﻌﻠﺕ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻗﻠﻘ ﹰﺎ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻔﺘـﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ "ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻲ ﻻﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ ﻤﺼـﺎﺩﺭ ﻝﻠـﻨﻔﻁ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺃﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﺩ"‪ .‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺴـﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺠـﻭﻫﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻨﺎ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻓﺄﻜﺜﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪California Arabian Standard Oil‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،1944‬ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﻜﺎﻝﻴﻔﻭﺭﻨﻴﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺴﺘﺎﻨﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺃﻭﻴل )‬
‫‪ (Company‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺴﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺸﻴﻔﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﺴﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺭﺍﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻴل ﻜﻭﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺍﻤﻜﻭ ‪ .Aramco‬ﻭﺃﺤﻀﺭﺕ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺸـﻴﻔﺭﻭﻥ ﺜﻼﺜـﺔ‬ ‫)‪(Arabian American Oil Company‬‬

‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺀ ﺁﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﻤﻭﺒﻴـل ‪ Mobil‬ﻭ ﻭﺇﻴﻜﺴـﻭﻥ‬
‫‪ ،Exxon‬ﻭﺘﻜﺴﺎﻜﻭ ‪ .Texaco‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﻤﻜﻭ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﻨﻔﻁ ﻭﺤﺴﺏ‪ .‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺴـﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻬﻡ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ ﻴﺠﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﻭﺍل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‬

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‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺃﺭﺍﻤﻜﻭﺍ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﻜﻴـل ﻝﻠﻭﻻﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤـﺩﺓ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺃﺭﺍﻤﻜﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺩﺨﻠﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،1945‬ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﻭﺯﻓﻠﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻅﻬـﺭ‬
‫‪Great‬‬ ‫‪ (USS‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤـﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻤـﺔ )‬ ‫)‪Quincy‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ .(Bitter‬ﻭﻜﻼ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪Lake‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﺩﺜﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻠـﻙ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻘ ﹰﺎ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺘﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻴﻬﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫل ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨـﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﻠﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺯﺍل ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﻴﻭﻤﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،1948‬ﺘﻡ ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻫﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺃﺭﺍﻤﻜﻭ ﺒﺎﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺤﻘل ﻏﻭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﺤﻘل ﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺤﻘل ﻏﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻓـﻲ ﻋـﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ ،1951‬ﻁﻭﻝﻪ ‪ 170‬ﻤﻴل ﻭﻋﺭﻀﻪ ‪ 20‬ﻤﻴل‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺅﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 170‬ﻤﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺒﺭﻤﻴل‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻅﻠﻭﺍ ﻴﻨﺘﺠﻭﻥ ﻨﺼﻑ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻬﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻜﺜـﺭ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﻤ ﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـل‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺤﻭﺍﻝﻲ ‪ 5‬ﻤﻼﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺭﻤﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺯﺍل ﺤﻘل ﻏﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ ﻴﺤﺘﻔﻅ ﺒﺤـﻭﺍﻝﻲ ‪ 70‬ﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻤﻴل ﻤﻥ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺤﻭﺍﻝﻲ ‪ 20‬ﻤﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺒﺭﻤﻴل ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻝﻲ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،1950‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﺤل ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺒﻜﺘل ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺒﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﻨﺒﻭﺏ ﻝﻠﻨﻔﻁ ﻁﻭﻝﻪ ‪ 1000‬ﻤﻴل ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻤﺒﺎﺸـﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻭل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻻﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺼﻴﺩﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻝﻨﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﺎﺒﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﻴﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻨﺒـﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺤﺘﻰ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻻﻜﺘﻔـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻲ ﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪ -1970‬ﻭﻤﻨﺫ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻨﻴـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝـﻡ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﻤﻬﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،1971‬ﺍﻨﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺭﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻜﻴﻥ ﻓﺭﺍﻏ ﹰﺎ ﺴﺒﺏ ﻗﻠﻘ ﹰﺎ ﺸـﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،1973‬ﻗﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤـﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻫﻭﻝﻨﺩﺍ(‪ .‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺃﺴﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﻤـﻥ ‪ 3‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻤﻴـل ﺇﻝـﻰ ‪12‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﺠﺄﺓ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬
‫ﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﻌﺕ ﻋﺎﺌﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ‪ 8.5‬ﻤﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1973‬ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫‪ 35‬ﻤﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ .1974‬ﻭﺒﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺒـﺩﺀﻭﺍ ﺒﺸـﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝـﺩﺒﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻁـﺎﺌﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺸﻴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺴـﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴـﺔ‪ .‬ﺤﻴـﺙ ﻗﺎﻤـﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺒﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻜل ﺍﻝﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﻴـﻭﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺨـﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻔﻕ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺒـﻴﻥ ‪ 86-85‬ﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﺩﻴﻙ ﻤﻨﺸـﺄﺓ‬
‫ﻝﺼﻴﺎﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺇﻨﻪ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻀﺨﻡ‪ .‬ﻝﻘـﺩ ﻜﻨـﺎ ﺤﻠﻔـﺎﺅﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،1973‬ﻭﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺏ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒـﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻬﻴﻤﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺍﻤﻜﻭ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﺼﺭﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺨﺫ ‪ %25‬ﻓﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝـﻨﻔﻁ‪-‬‬
‫ﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﻏﺒﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﺒل‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺤﻠﻭل ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1980‬ﺍﻤﺘﻠﻜـﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﺸـﺭﻜﺔ ﺒﻨﺴـﺒﺔ‬
‫‪ .%100‬ﻭﻝﻜﻨﻬﻡ ﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻭﺍ ﻤﻊ ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺌﻬﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺤﺴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻨﺤـﻭﺍ ﺸـﺭﻜﺎﺅﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﻴﻥ‪ -‬ﺸﻔﺭﻭﻥ ﻭﻤﻭﺒﻴل ﻭﺇﻜﺴﻭﻥ ﻭﺘﻜﺴﺎﻜﻭ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻭﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺒﻴـﻊ ﺍﻝـﻨﻔﻁ ﻭﻤﻨﺤـﻭﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺨﺼﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻹﺭﻀﺎﺀ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﺸﻨﻁﻥ ﻭﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻨـﺫ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‪:1973‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ‪92-1973‬‬

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‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺸﺩ ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻨﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺨﻠـﺕ ﺍﻝﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺕ ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺸﻨﻁﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،1973‬ﺘﻀـﺎﻋﻔﺕ ﻤﺒﻴﻌـﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴـﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺨﻼل ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺯﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻝﻠﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﻁ‪ .‬ﻭﺨﻼل ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﺭﺘﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻨﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﻥ ﻜل ﻨﻅﺭﺍﺌﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻜﺎﺭﺘﺭ ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﺘﺨﻔﻴﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﺒﺤﻭﺍﻝﻲ‬
‫‪ 7-6‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻌﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻨﺠﺢ ﻝﻸﺴﻑ ﺍﻝﺸـﺩﻴﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻌل ﻫﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺄﺓ ﻝﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻤﺏ ﺩﻴﻔﻴﺩ‪ .‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﻜﺎﺭﺘﺭ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻨﻀﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﺭﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﺎﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘـﺎﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﺘﻘـﺩﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﻝﻠﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻴﺤﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻓﻴﻴﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻓﻐﺎﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺭﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻐﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺜﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﺘﺭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻴﻜﺎﺭﻏﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻴﻭﻨﻴﺘﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻐﻭﻻ‪.‬‬

‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻭﺵ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻭﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 91-1990‬ﻤﺜﻠﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻤـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻨﺤﻨـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺴﻤﺢ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺒﻭﺵ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل ‪ 500‬ﺃﻝـﻑ ﺠﻨـﺩﻱ ﺇﻝـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻪ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺸﻜﻭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﺼـﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺩﻫﻭﺭ ﺒﻁﻲﺀ ‪2001-1992‬‬

‫ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺇﺒﺎﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻠﻨﺘﻭﻥ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻜﻠﻴﻨﺘـﻭﻥ ﻝـﻡ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻥ ﻴﺭﻏﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺒﺩﺃ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺴﻴﺊ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻠـﺩﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺩﺍﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺸﺒﻪ "ﺒﺎﻝﻁﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ" ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻔﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭ ﺒﻨـﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺸﻌﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻠﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺨﺭﻴﻑ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،1998‬ﻭﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺫﻫﺏ ﻭﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻬـﺩ‬
‫ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ )ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺤﺎﻝﻴ ﹰﺎ( ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﺸﻨﻁﻥ ﻝﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺴﺎﺒﻘ ﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺎل "ﻨﺤـﻥ ﻤﺴـﺘﻌﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﻤل"‪ .‬ﻭﺩﻋﺎﻫﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻋﺭﻭﺽ ﻝﻠﻌﻭﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻘﻴﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻨﻌﻁﻔ ﹰﺎ ﻫﺎﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻗﻠﻘﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل ﻤﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺠﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻝﻘـﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻤل ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻴﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺠـﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺤﻴـﺎﺓ ﺇﻝـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻝﻸﺴﻑ ﺍﻝﺸﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﻭﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪2000‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺕ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،2003‬ﻝﻡ ﺘﻨﺠﺢ ﻻﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺴﻨﺄﺘﻲ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺘﻠـﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻡ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﺘﺤﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺜﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺎ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻜﺴﻭﻥ ﻭﻤﻭﺒﻴل‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻭﺵ ‪2008-2001‬‬

‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﻭﺭﺝ ﺒﻭﺵ ﺍﻻﺒﻥ ﺃﻴﻀ ﹰﺎ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2001‬ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﻤـﻊ ﺍﻝﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﺠﻭﺭﺝ ﺒـﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﻴﻌﻘﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺒﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﻬﺘﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻫﻤل ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻁ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻏﻀﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻠـﻙ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻓﺄﻜﺜﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗـﺎﺕ ﻝﻀـﺭﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻗﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻔﻌﻠﻭﺍ ﺸﻴﺌ ﹰﺎ ﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﻙ ﻤﺤﺎﺩﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻡ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﺸـﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺴـﻁ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺠﻤﻴﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻜﻡ‪ .‬ﺒل ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺘﻠﻤﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻬـﻡ ﺭﺒﻤـﺎ ﻴﻔﻌﻠـﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻲﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ‪.‬‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﻭﻗﻌﺕ ﺃﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻝـﻡ ﻴﻌـﺩ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁـ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ‪ 15‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻁﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝـ‪ 19‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﻥ ﻻﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻨﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺜﻴـﺭ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺎﺘـﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻴﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺤﻲ ﻝﻺﺭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺅﺴﺱ ﻝﻺﺭﻫـﺎﺒﻴﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺜـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺠﺩل ﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻐﺭﺱ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺤﻭل ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﺩﻭ ﺃﻡ ﺼـﺩﻴﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻴﺘﻭﺭﻁ ﻜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ ؟ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ؟‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺯﺍﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺩﺭﺍﻝﻲ ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻴﻼﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﻴﺭ ﺒﻨﺩﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴـﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤـﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﻨﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺙ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻘـﻭﻡ ﺒـﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴـﺎﺕ‬

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‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺨﻴﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﺨﺎﺌﻔﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺒﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺼﻭﻝﻴﻴﻥ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،2003‬ﺤﺩﺜﺕ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﺠﻌﻠﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻓـﺎﻝﻐﺯﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜـﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﺠﺄﺓ ﺃﺼـﺒﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺘﻨﺼﻴﺏ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﻴﻬـﻴﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﻹﻴﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺃﺴـﻭﺃ ﻜـﺎﺒﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻌﻭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺘﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﻴﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺸﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻔﻴﻥ ﻤﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻘﺩ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﺒﻭﺃ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺭﻯ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﻗﻠﻘﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴﺞ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻠﻴﻔﺘﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻝﺘﻨﺼـﺏ‬
‫ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﻋﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻤﺅﻴﺩﺓ ﻹﻴﺭﺍﻥ! ﻭﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻨﻬﻡ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻔﻬﻤﻭﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻔﻜـﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﻭﺵ ﻭﻝﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻓﻌﻠﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﻬﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺼﺩﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﺒﺈﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻁـﻭﺍﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻗﻔـﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﺍﻝﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﻭﻀﺎﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺘﺠﻬﻭﺍ ﺒﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺭﻭﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﻭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻘﻴﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﻭﺍﻝﻐﺎﺯ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺭﺭﻭﺍ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝـﻙ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﻗـﺎﻤﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻡ ﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺌﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻤﺯ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﻁﺎﺌﺭﺍﺕ "ﺘﺎﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،2004‬ﺤﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﻴﻁﺭﻭﺍ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﺴـﻌﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﻴﻭ ‪ ،2004‬ﺍﺭﺘﻔﻊ ﺴﻌﺭ ﺒﺭﻤﻴل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﻤﻥ ‪ 26‬ﺇﻝﻰ ‪ 28‬ﺇﻝﻰ ‪ 40‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘـﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺼل ﺇﻝﻰ ‪ 174‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻤﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠـﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﺃﻨﻬﻡ ﻤﺴﺘﻌﺩﻭﻥ ﻝﻀﺦ ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺭﻤﻴل ﺇﻀﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝـﻨﻔﻁ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻤﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻝﺘﺨﻔﻴﺽ ﺍﻷﺴﻌﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﻓﻘﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻕ‪ .‬ﻭﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﻀﺦ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺭﻤﻴل ﺇﻀﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻝـﻡ ﺘـﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺴﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺤﻠﻭل ﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،2004‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﺴﻌﺭ ﺒﺭﻤﻴل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﻗﺩ ﺒﻠـﻎ‬

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‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫‪ 50‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻘﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﺭﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﻭﻯ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﻝﻌﺩﺓ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ‪ -‬ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﺒﺄﺴﻌﺎﺭ ﻤﻌﻘﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﻨﺤﻥ ﺒﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻝﻬﻡ‪ -‬ﻝﻡ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻨﺤﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺒﺒﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻨﻌﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﺠﻬﻭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴﺞ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﻡ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻤﻜﻨﻭﺍ ﻤـﻥ ﺘﺯﻭﻴـﺩﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﺒﺄﺴﻌﺎﺭ ﻤﻌﻘﻭﻝﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺯﺓ ﺸﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،2005‬ﺤﺎﻭل ﺒﻭﺵ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻋﻬﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺤﻀﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺭﻭﻓﻭﺭﺩ ﺒﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﺴﺎﺱ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺒﻭﺵ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻋﻬﺩ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﺎﻭل ﺒـﻭﺵ ﺇﻋـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺨﺭﻁ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ ﻤﺭﺘﺎﺤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﻌﺠﺒﻬﻡ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﺸﻨﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﻓﻀﻭﺍ ﻤﻁﺎﻝﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺸـﻨﻁﻥ ﻝﻬـﻡ ﺒﻘﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﻼﺡ ﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻬﺩ ﺃﻭﺒﺎﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺃﻭﺒﺎﻤﺎ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻨـﻪ ﻴﻘـﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻷﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺭﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻤﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻋﻬﺩ ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‪ .‬ﺇﻨﻪ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﻴﻘـﻭل‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﻴﺩ ﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﺤﺎﺩﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻪ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻋﻬﺩﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺇﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﻀﻐﻭﻁ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل ﻝﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻴﻁﺎﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﻠﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﻴﺎﺓ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭل ﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻡ ﺃﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻊ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﺘﻠﻔﺯﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪ 23‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺤﺎﻭل ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﻤﺒﺩﺌﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﺒﺩﺨﻭل ﺩﺒﻠﻭﻤﺎﺴﻴﻴﻥ ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺸـﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻴﺤﻤﻠﻭﻥ ﺠﻭﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺴـﻤﺎﺡ ﻝﻠﻁﻴـﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﺴـﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ ﺒﻌﺒـﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺠﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺃﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬

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‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺒﺄﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‪ .‬ﻭﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻭﻤﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﻝﻡ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ .‬ﻓﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﻨﺤﻥ ﺒـﺩﻋﻡ ﺤﻜﻭﻤـﺔ ﻨـﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤـﺎﻝﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻓـﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺴﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻜﻲ ﻝﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻼ ﻹﻴﺭﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﻡ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﻭﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻴ ﹰ‬

‫ﻭﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺤﻥ ﻨﺴﻌﻰ ﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﺴ ﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻌل‬
‫ﺁﺨﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺃﺴﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺃﺴﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻁ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ‪80-75‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻤﻴل‪ ،‬ﻴﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﻭﻥ ﺇﺒﻘﺎﺀﻩ ﺃﺩﻨﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﻗـﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ )ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ( ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻤﻨﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺘﺯﺍل ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ‪http://hnn.us/roundup/comments/115247.html :‬‬

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