Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The "urinary tract" consists of the various organs of the body that produce,
store, and get rid of urine. These include the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder,
The kidneys filter this blood, and the "filtrate" is processed to separate out
waste products and excess amounts of minerals, sugar, and other chemicals.
Since it sees so much of the body's blood flow, the kidneys also contain
pressure-sensitive tissue which helps the body control blood pressure, and some
of the minerals and water are saved or discarded partly to keep your blood
The waste products and "extras" make up the urine, which flows through
"ureters" (one per kidney) into the bladder, where it is held until you are ready to
get rid of it. When you urinate, muscles in the bladder wall help push urine out of
the bladder, through the urethra, and out. (In men, the urethra passes through
the penis; in women, the urethra opens just in front of the vagina.) When you
aren't urinating (which is most of the time) a muscle called the "sphincter"
squeezes the urethra shut to keep urine in; the sphincter relaxes when you
urinate so that urine can flow out easily. Urine is normally sterile -- that is, it does
not normally contain bacteria. This is a good thing, since the mineral and sugar
content of urine make it a great medium for bacteria to grow in. Usually several
climb up the urethra from the "meatus" (the outside opening) into the
bladder.
• The length of the urethra: it's a long way up to the bladder for a bacterium.
• Frequent washing: any bacteria that make it into the urethra are flushed
out the next time you urinate, and since most people empty their bladders
almost completely when they urinate any bacteria that get to the bladder
will be flushed out too. There are also valves where the ureters enter the
bladder to prevent urine from "refluxing" from the bladder to the kidneys,
so even if the bladder and its urine is infected the bacteria shouldn't travel
up to the kidneys.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that affects any part of
the urinary tract. Although urine contains a variety of fluids, salts, and waste
products, it usually does not have bacteria in it. When bacteria get into the
bladder or kidney and multiply in the urine, they cause a UTI. The most common
type of UTI is a bladder infection which is also often called cystitis. Another kind
Although they cause discomfort, urinary tract infections are usually quickly and
The objective of the study is to understand what Urinary Tract Infection is.
The gathered Data Base and History, chief complaints of patient and History of
present illness, Medications given to the patient, Nursing System Review Chart,
Nursing Assessment and Health Teaching are the bases in this study.
This study is to impart to the patient what to do for early recovery. The
Nursing Process was used for scope and limitation of the study. Assessment,
assessing the patient with interview while gathering the data. Diagnosis – Urinary
Tract Infection (Acute Pyelonephritis). Planning – plan what would be best for the
patient for fast recovery. Intervention – implement what would be the plans and
A. Profile of Patient:
Name of Patient:
Address:
Civil Status:
Sex:
Age:
Religion:
Nationality:
Date of Admission:
Time:
Hospital:
Vital Signs:
Temperature: 38.1° C
Weight: 48 kg.
B. Family and Personal Health History:
January 9, 2007. According to my interview with him it was his first time to
only fever and cough last November 2006. He just have self medications
D. Chief Complaints:
cystitis or urethritis.
III – DEVELOPMENTAL DATA
development. All of the stages in Erikson's theory are implicitly present at birth (at
least in latent form), but unfold according to both an innate scheme and one's up-
society. Ideally, the crisis in each stage should be resolved by the ego in that
stage, in order for development to proceed correctly. The outcome of one stage is
not permanent, but can be altered by later experiences. Everyone has a mixture
successful if the individual has more of the "good" traits than the "bad" traits.
Kenneth Jay Isip belongs to the Identity vs. Role Confusion (or
Diffusion).
• Ego identity is the accrued confidence that the inner sameness and
career.
IV – MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
The first step in treating a UTI is to make sure there really is one. The only
certain way to know if there is a UTI is to take a sample of urine and test for
urinalysis. If there are bacteria, we can then test several antibiotics to see which
The problem here is in getting a good sample of urine for culture. Simply
urinating into a sterile cup may not stop contamination by bacteria on the skin,
especially with girls. If you can control your urine, it is possible to use a "clean-
catch" sample. You get this by cleaning the meatus and the surrounding area
thoroughly with antiseptics (such as iodine solution), then urinating a little into the
toilet before filling the sample cup, and finishing your urination in the toilet. This
we are pretty sure from the symptoms that you actually have a UTI, we will start
antibiotics right after we get the urine culture; if the culture result shows that we
need a different antibiotic, we can always change. We repeat the culture 3-5 days
after starting antibiotics to make sure that we are actually killing all the bacteria,
and again soon after the antibiotics are finished to make sure we killed
S SUBJECTIVE:
“ Sakit akong tiyan diri dapit sa akong kilid ” as verbalized by the
patient.
O - Facial grimace
- Guarding
- Restlessness
DEPENDENT:
S SUBJECTIVE:
“Basta mangihi ko kay haplos lahi dayon sakit” as verbalized by the
patient.
O OBJECTIVE:
- facial grimace
- guarding
DEPENDENT
S SUBJECTIVE:
“gi- hilanat ko, labad lagi akong ulo” as verbalized by the patient.
O OBJECTIVE:
- weak
- skin hot to touched
- restlessness
DEPENDENT
Adhere to the mucosal – surface (colonize epithelium of the urinary tract to avoid
being washed out during voiding).
The "urinary tract" consists of the various organs of the body that produce,
store, and get rid of urine. These include the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder,
The kidneys filter this blood, and the "filtrate" is processed to separate out
waste products and excess amounts of minerals, sugar, and other chemicals.
The urethra is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside of
the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes to pass urine to the
outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for sperm. In
human male, the urethra is about 8 inches (20cm) long and opens at the end of
the penis.
The ureters are the ducts that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary
bladder, passing anterior to the Psoas major. The ureters are muscular tubes that
can propel urine along by the motions of peristalsis. In the adult, the ureters are
strength and condition. Encourage him to increase fluid intake, urinate when
Instruct the patient for follow-up check-up on his condition after he was
discharge, one week after the discharge will do. Encouraged the patient to drink
plenty of fluids. Eat nutritious foods like fruits and vegetables. Avoid eating salty
The urinary tract can be infected from above (by bacteria entering the
kidneys from the bloodstream and travelling downward) or from below (by
Infection from above is most often seen in newborns with generalized infection or
"sepsis". If there are many bacteria in the bloodstream, some are likely to get
through the filters of the kidney to the urine. This is especially likely if the filters
In older children and adults infection most often starts from below. In small
children still using diapers, stool (which is largely bacteria) can sit for some time
right at the meatus; the longer it sits there, the more likely it is that bacteria may
enter the urethra. Baby boys are less likely to have this happen than baby girls,
because girls' urethrae are much shorter and the head of the penis isn't as likely
to sit in stool. (Note, though, that bacteria can hang out in any moist, warm area,
and that UTI's in boys under 1 year old seem to happens more often in
beneath the foreskin.) Older girls may become prone to UTI's through wiping
back-to-front when they are first toilet-trained, which pulls stool into the
vaginal/meatal area. Sexually active teenage and adult women are more prone to
UTI's because of friction at the meatus, which tends to push bacteria into the
urethra (urinating after intercourse helps avoid UTI's); the same mechanism may
cause UTI's in teenage boys and adult men, although they are again less prone
B. Bibliography
http://www.haverford.edu/psych/ddavis/p109g/erikson.stages.html
http://www.drreddy.com/uti.html