MNG MY TNH

M HNH OSI (OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT)

Giao thc (protocol) Giao thc mng (network protocol)

nh ngha giao thc (protoco )!

Mt giao thc bao gm cc qui tc nh dng qui nh cch ng gi d liu thnh cc thng ip (m !!ag "# $goi %a giao thc c th& bao gm cc qui '(c nh' qui '(c ch)p nh*n m !!ag ha+ qui '(c n,n d liu & p ng +-u c.u t%ao /i thng tin mt cch /n nh0 t t1c cao# 2iao thc mng l mt t*p h3p h4nh thc cc qui tc (%ul "0 qui '(c (con5 ntion" 5 c)u t%6c d liu (data !t%uctu% " cho ph,p cc m+ t7nh 5 cc thi8t b mng t%ao /i thng tin 5(i nhau qua mng#

nh ngha giao thc "#ng (n$t%or& protoco )!

Giao thc mng (network protocol)

'iao thc "#ng (i)* &hi+n to,n -. /*0 tr1nh trao (2i th3ng tin9

:ch ;<+ d=ng h th1ng mng (5*t l>"# :ch thc cc m+ t7nh '3c ?8t n1i 5o mng# :ch thc nh dng thng tin & g@iAnh*n# :ch thc t%u+Bn d liu# :ch ;@ l> lCi#

:c qui tc t%-n '3c to 5 quDn l> bEi cc t/ chc 5 hip hi ?hc nhau nh' FGGG0 H$IF0 JFHAGFH0 ###

Tin tr nh giao tip

!"c #$ t% &$an tr'ng

a ch4

Kc nh a chL ngun 5 a chL 7ch cMa ti8n t%4nh giao ti8p# N t%7 diOn %a giao ti8pP J*p h3p nhng qui tc qui nh cch thc giao ti8p t%-n mng mt cch hiu quD#

Ph56ng ti7n

'iao thc

M( h nh hot )*ng

8i7c g9i:nh;n th3ng tin /*a "#ng , ".t ti<n tr1nh phc t#p= c> ?@ tha" gia cAa nhi)* thi<t -!

M+ t7nh g@iAnh*n d liu Jhi8t b nh tu+8n (%out %" Q'Rng d<+ dSn (lin?" 2iao thc (p%otocol" Tng dUng (application" Vh.n cng (ha%dWa% " ###

M( h nh hot )*ng

8B CD ti<n tr1nh tr*E c;p %$-!

J%4nh du+t !X +-u c.u m+ chM cung c)p t%ang W b# M+ chM !X ;c nh*n ; m ng'Ri dYng c qu+Bn t%u+ c*p ha+ ?hng# Iau qu t%4nh ;c nh*n m+ chM !X g@i d liu 5B# Zu t%4nh g@i thng tin !X diOn %a (chL gm cc bit"#

M( h nh hot )*ng

M( h nh hot )*ng ph+n l,p cho protocol

'iFi ph0p chia Gp giao thc (protoco aE$ring)!

:)u t%6c cU th& !X gi6p 5ic ;c nh0 chL %a m1i quan h gia cc thnh ph.n b-n t%ong h th1ng l(n h[n# Nic chia nh\ th o modul !X gi6p 5ic bDo t%4 (maint nanc "0 c*p nh*t (updat " h th1ng '3c thu*n tin 54 nhng tha+ /i E cc t.ng !X ?hng Dnh h'Eng 8n cc t.ng ?hc#

M( h nh hot )*ng protocol- la#er- inter.ace

M( h nh hot )*ng kin tr/c ph+n t0ng

M#ng (5Hc I$" , ".t ngJn chKng (?tac&) cAa c0c aE$r!

MCi t.ng !X cung c)p dch 5U cho t.ng ph7a t%-n n thng qua int %]ac (1i 5(i cc ngn ng l*p t%4nh th4 ta c th& ; m mCi la+ % l mt th' 5in0 n cung c)p ! %5ic cho ng dUng m ng dUng ?hng c.n bi8t n !X th=c hin nhng g4" 2iDm phc tp cMa thi8t ?8# MCi t.ng !X c mtAnhiBu giao thc t'[ng ng# :ch t%u+Bn d liu9 mCi t.ng !X t%u+Bn d liu c^ng nh' thng tin iBu ?hi&n ;u1ng t.ng b-n d'(i0 cho 8n ?hi 8n thi8t b 5*t l>#

M( h nh hot )*ng kin tr/c ph+n t0ng

Lc tBnh cAa giao thc (5Hc phMn tNng!

MCi t.ng c mt t*p lnh '3c nh ngh_a t%'(c MCi t.ng !X cung c)p cc ! %5ic cho t.ng E t%-n 5 d)u ni dung chi ti8t cMa ! %5ic # :c t.ng ngang hng 5(i nhau !X !@ dUng cc giao thc t'[ng ng# :c t.ng '3c tch bit thng qua int %]ac #

M( h nh hot )*ng kin tr/c ph+n t0ng

Th*;n Hi cAa Oi7c phMn tNng!

>ng g>i O, CP* CQ i7* ($ncap?* ation R Cata hiCing)

MCi t.ng chL th)+ '3c c)u t%6c d liu0 thu*t ton0 ### cMa %i-ng m4nh# :c h th1ng phc tp c th& '3c ph<n t7ch thnh nhng h th1ng nh\0 [n giDn h[n# ` th1ng !X pht t%i&n nhanh h[n 54 nhng tha+ /i t%-n tang t.ng !X ?hng Dnh h'Eng 8n cc t.ng ?hc (?hi m int %]ac ?hng tha+ /i" :c dch 5U E %.ng $bc c th& !@ dUng cc dch 5U E t.ng $#

'iF" (. phc t#p

TJng tSc (. ph0t tri+n

TU "V r.ng

M( h nh hot )*ng kin tr/c ph+n t0ng

Th*;n Hi cAa Oi7c phMn tNng!

TBch hHp ?Fn phW" tX nhi)* nh, phMn phSi ?Fn phW"

:c phi-n bDn cMa mCi nh !Dn ;u)t c th& '3c ?8t h3p li 5(i nhau# Nic ?i&m t%a ton b h th1ng !X '3c ph<n nh\ thnh 5ic ?i&m t%a t%-n cc la+ %#

TU &i+" tra

M( h nh hot )*ng kin tr/c mng

J*p h3p cc t.ng 5 giao thc '3c gdi l ?i8n t%6c mng (n tWo%? a%chit ctu% "# :c ec tD n+ cho ph,p nhng nh pht t%i&n ph.n mBmAph.n cng ;<+ d=ng cc h th1ng phY h3p 5(i mt ?i8n t%6c nh)t nh#

8B CD9 J:VAFV0 fIF

M( h nh 123 45nh ngh6a

fp n I+!t m Fnt %conn ction (fIF" l mt chugn FIf cho 5ic t%ao /i thng tin t%-n phm 5i ton c.u# :hugn n+ nh ngh_a c)u t%6c mng (]%am Wo%?" & t%i&n ?hai ?i8n t%6c ph<n t.ng gm h t.ng# FIf9 Fnt %national f%ganiiation ]o% Itanda%diiation '3c thnh l*p 5o njm cklm# FIf l mt t/ chc qu1c t8 gm cc 5in nghi-n cu chugn cMa h[n hn n'(c t%-n th8 gi(i# N7 dU H$IF (Hm %ican $ational Itanda%d Fn!titut " l mt thnh 5i-n cMa FIf#

M( h nh 123 c7$ tr/c

M h4nh tham chi8u fIF m tD cc qu+ tc t%ong qu t%4nh t%ao /i d liu

Q<+ l c)u t%6c mang t7nh ?hi nim (conc ptual ]%am Wo%?" gi6p [n giDn ho qu t%4nh t%ao /i d liu ?hc phc tp# fIF ?hng phDi l mt giao thc (p%otocol" fIF ?hng phDi l mt on mo ha+ ph.n mBm# M h4nh fIF nh ngh_a cch thc t%ao /i d liu th o h t.ng#

M( h nh 123 89 ): c"c l,p

M h4nh fIF nh ngh_a h l(p9

Vh+!ical pataqlin? $ tWo%? J%an!po%t I !!ion V% ! ntation Hpplication

M( h nh 123

p=a 5o != ph<n t.ng cMa m h4nh fIF0 cc nh !Dn ;u)t c th& !Dn ;u)t cc thi8t b c t7nh njng ec t%'ng#

8B CD9

p=a 5o m h4nh n+ cc !Dn phgm ta cc nh !Dn ;u)t ?hc nhau hon ton c th& hot ng chung0 th1ng nh)t t%-n phm 5i ton h th1ng#

:c ca%d mng ($F:" l cc thi8t b lm 5ic E t.ng Vh+!ical# IWitch l thi8t b lm 5ic E t.ng pataqrin? s nh tu+8n (%out %" l thi8t b lm 5ic E t.ng $ tWo%?#

M( h nh 123 c"c kh"i ni;m &$an tr'ng

:c ?hi nim quan t%dng t%ong m h4nh fIF9

V%otocol pata tnit!

p liu E mCi t.ng '3c t7nh th o [n 5 l Vpt (V%otocol data unit!"

M( h nh 123 c"c kh"i ni;m &$an tr'ng

C0c &h0i ni7" /*an trYng trong "3 h1nh OSI!

Encap?* ation ((>ng g>i CQ i7*)

Ji8n t%4nh di chu+&n d liu gia cc t.ng (tha+ /i ta [n 5 Vpt n+ !ang [n 5 Vpt ?hc" MCi t.ng (ha+ p%otocol" !X nh*n m !!ag ta t.ng ph7a t%-n (ha+ p%otocol E ph7a t%-n" 5 th-m 5o ph.n ni dung t'[ng ng# pata qu ! gm nt qu pac? t qu ]%am qu bit $g'3c li !o 5(i qu t%4nh ncap!ulation# Zu t%4nh n+ diOn %a ?hi d liu i ta t.ng th)p h[n l-n t.ng cao h[n# sit qu ]%am qu pac? t A datag%am qu ! gm nt qu data

T$cap?* ation

M( h nh 123 tin tr nh )<ng g<i

MCi t.ng !X th-m d liu t=a B (h ad %" t'[ng ng 5o9

M( h nh 123 t0ng =ata>link

J.ng pataqlin? !X nh*n d liu ta t.ng Vh+!ical 5 Dm bDo t7nh ch7nh ;c cMa d liu '3c t%u+Bn gia cc 1i t'3ng ( ntit+" ?8t n1i 5(i nhau#

:hc njng cMa t.ng pataqlin?9

QiBu ?hi&n vdwng chD+x d liu (]loW cont%ol" Vht hin 5 ;@ l> lCi ( %%o% cont%ol" Qnh ngh_a ?i8n t%6c mng9 su!0 Ita%0 ying zi&m t%a thng qua a chL MH: (MH: cont%ol"

J.ng pataqlin? '3c chia lm { t.ng con9

M dium Hcc !! :ont%ol (MH:" rogical rin? :ont%ol (rr:"

M( h nh 123 t0ng =ata>link > ??!

J.ng rr: c nhim 5U Dm bDo t7nh ch7nh ;c cMa d liu (rVpt9 m !!ag qlin? p%otocol data unit" '3c t%ao /i bEi hai 1i t'3ng '3c ?8t n1i 5(i nhau (conn ct d ntiti !"

Chc nJng9

Qng gi (]%aming"0 nh d)u 5 t%7 bt .uA?8t th6c cMa thng tin 5B t.ng th {# zi&m t%a t%*t t= (! qu nc cont%ol" zi&m t%a lCi ( %%o% cont%ol" zi&m t%a vdwng chD+x (]loW cont%ol"

M( h nh 123 t0ng =ata>link > ??!

M.t ?S Cch OD V tNng ZZC!

Conn$ction ori$nt$C9 cc m !!ag '3c ;c nh*n

Conn$ction $??9 cc m !!ag !X ?hng '3c ;c nh*n

Mt ?8t n1i dng conn ctionqo%i nt d !X !@ dUng ?_ thu*t WindoWing9 mCi ]%am !X '3c nh !1 5 ;c nh*n bEi !1 th t= 5 mCi l.n chL c mt !1 l'3ng ]%am nh)t nh '3c g@iAnh*n# pch 5U conn ctionqo%i nt d hot ng g.n gi1ng nh' t7nh njng ?i&m t%a t%*t t= (! qu nc cont%ol"0 5ic ?i&m t%a lCi ( %%o% cont%ol"0 ?i&m t%a dwng chD+ (]loW cont%ol" !X l dch 5U nBn tDng cho cc t.ng b-n t%-n# $8u dch 5U conn ctionqo%i nt d ?hng '3c cung c)p E t.ng pataqlin? th4 cc t.ng b-n t%-n phDi t%i&n ?hai n & Dm bDo t7nh ch7nh ;c cMa d liu '3c g@iAnh*n#

M( h nh 123 t0ng =ata>link > ??!

M( h nh 123 t0ng =ata>link > M@!

J.ng con MH: g.n nh' t'[ng ng 5(i t.ng Vh+!ical# J.ng n+ nh ngh_a ph'[ng tin & t%u+ c*p 8n thi8t b 5*t l># J.ng con MH: cho cung c)p t7nh njng iBu ?hi&n lCi ( %%o% cont%ol" ?h hn ch8# Qa chL MH: di l|qbit0 a chL n+ l c1 nh 1i 5(i mCi thi8t b 5 '3c cung c)p bEi nh !Dn ;u)t#

zhng c hai thi8t b no c cYng a chL MH:# N7 dU9 }}qc}qG~ql{qHsqs: l mt a chL MH: 5(i ~ b+t .u (m !1" ;c nh cho bi8t nh !Dn ;u)t $F:0 ~ b+t ti8p th o ;c nh ca%d mng#

M( h nh 123 t0ng =ata>link

Chc nJng chBnh9 ?i&m t%a a chL MH:0 iBu ?hi&n lCi ( %%o% cont%ol" 6n O th3ng tin9 ]%am Thi<t -9 !Witch0 b%idg 5 %out %

M( h nh 123 t0ng Network

J.ng n tWo%? c cc chc njng c.n thi8t & hC t%3 5ic t%ao /i d liu gia cc ntit+ ?hng '3c ?8t n1i t%=c ti8p 5(i nhau# J.ng n tWo%? cho ph,p chu+&n ti8p cc m !!ag E t.ng n tWo%? (la+ % ~" ta ntit+ n+ 8n ntit+ ?hc cho 8n ?hi 8n '3c ntit+ 7ch# C0c chc nJng9

Qnh tu+8n (%outing"9 ;c nh 'Rng i 8n 7ch :hu+&n ti8p cc pac? t cho 8n ?hi 8n 7ch :ung c)p a chL logic (logical add% !!"9 a chL FV (gm { ph.n9 n tWo%? 5 ho!t"

M( h nh 123 t0ng Network > Ao$ting

J.ng n+ !X ;c nh 'Rng i 5 chu+&n ti8p pac? t cho 8n ?hi 8n 7ch#

M( h nh 123 t0ng Network > Ao$ting

J.ng n tWo%? !@ dUng a chL logic & chu+&n ti8p pac? t d=a 5o 'Rng i '3c ;c nh bEi cc b nh tu+8n cho 8n ?hi 8n 7ch#

M( h nh 123 t0ng Network

TBnh nJng chBnh9 nh tu+8n0 a chL logic (FV" 6n O CQ i7*9 pac? t Thi<t -9 %out % 5 !Witch la+ % ~ 8B CD9 FV0 FVK0 $rin?0 $ tsGtF0 F:MV0 yFV0 fIV0 s2V0 F2yV0 GF2yV#

M( h nh 123 t0ng Tran8port

J.ng n+ c nhim 5U chu+&n d liu cMa la+ % l l ! gm nt (ha+ cc [n 5 d liu E t.ng n+ q t%an!po%t p%otocol data unit!" ta ngun 8n 7ch mt cch ch7nh ;c# Lc tBnh R Cch OD!

indoWing 5 ]loW cont%ol# Vht hin !@a lCi# 2iao thc c th& thuc dng conn ctionqo%i nt d ha+ conn ctionl !!# `C t%3 cc dwng d liu ?hc nhau cho cc ng dUng ?hc nhau t%-n cYng mt m+ (multipl ;ing"#

M( h nh 123 t0ng Tran8port

`ai m+ giao ti8p 5(i nhau ?hng c.n phDi bi8t 8n ?i8n t%6c mng ang '3c !@ dUng m chL quan t<m 8n t%ng thi giao ti8p# J.ng t%an!po%t ?hng phDi quan t<m 8n 5ic nh tu+8n c^ng nh' phUc hi d liu diOn %a E t.ng ~#

M( h nh 123 t0ng Tran8port

: { dng ! %5ic 9 % liabl un% liabl

y liabl ! %5ic

tn% liabl ! %5ic

Nic g@iAnh*n d liu '3c ?i&m t%a nhm Dm bDo ?hng ;D+ %a lCi t%ong qu t%4nh t%u+BnAnh*n# Gntit+ 7ch !X g@i ;c nh*n !au ?hi nh*n '3c d liu ta ntit+ ngun# N7 dU9 J:V zhng c c[ ch8 ?i&m t%a 5ic g@iAnh*n d liu# Gntit+ 7ch !au ?hi nh*n d liu !X t= ?i&m t%a lCi cho ton ?h1i# $8u c b)t ?4 bit d liu no b lCi th4 ?h1i n+ !X b b\ i# N7 dU9 tpV

M( h nh 123 t0ng Tran8port

$goi %a ta c th& ph<n loi ! %5ic thnh9

:onn ctionqo%i nt d ! %5ic

M+ g@i !X thi8t l*p ?8t n1i logic 5(i m+ nh*n t'[ng ng0 !au m(i g@i d liu %i ?8t th6c ?8t n1i# zhi n+ d liu '3c g@iAnh*n th o th t=# Zu t%4nh ?8t n1i diOn %a th o ba b'(c (~ Wa+ hand!ha? "

M( h nh 123 t0ng Tran8port

$goi %a ta c th& ph<n loi ! %5ic thnh9

:onn ctionl !! ! %5ic

M+ g@i ?hng thi8t l*p ?8t n1i 8n m+ nh*n E b'(c .u ti-n# zhi c d liu c.n g@i th4 m+ g@i !X g@i nga+ thng tin# Nic nh tu+8n !X phU thuc 5o %out % 5 ti mCi thRi i&m th4 'Rng i cMa pac? t c th& ?hc nhau qqu cc gi 8n ?hng th o t%4nh t=# tpV l giao thc dng conn ctionl !! E t.ng n+#

M( h nh 123 t0ng Tran8port

M( h nh 123 t0ng Tran8port

Mt !1 giao thc hot ng E t.ng n+9

J:V9 conn ctionqo%i nt d p%otocol tpV9 conn ctionl !! p%otocol IVK9 conn ctionqo%i nt d

M( h nh 123 t0ng Tran8port

TBnh nJng chBnh9 QiBu ?hi&n ?8t n1i vdwng chD+x (conn ction and ]loW cont%ol"0 th-m t7nh ch7nh ;c thng qua c[ ch8 pht hin 5 !@a lCi# 6n O CQ i7*9 ! gm nt Thi<t -9 gat Wa+ 8B CD9

J:V (conn ctionqo%i nt d % liabl " tpV (conn ctionl !!0 un% liabl 0 ch7nh ;c c th& '3c Dm bDo bEi t.ng cao h[n l Hpplication" IVK (conn ctionqo%i nt d % liabl "

M( h nh 123 t0ng 2e88ion

J.ng I !!ion iBu ?hi&n giao ti8p gia cc ng dUng E m+ t7nh# p liu gia cc ng dUng !X '3c ng b ho ti thRi i&m '3c nh t%'(c (t'[ng t= nh' 5ic ng b ho t%ong ngnh ti ch7nh"#

M( h nh 123 t0ng 2e88ion

TBnh nJng chBnh9 QiBu ?hi&n qu t%4nh giao ti8p gia cc ng dUng# 6n O CQ i7*9 data Thi<t -9 gat Wa+ 8B CD9 $I0 IZr0 yV:0 $ tsio!0 Hppl Jal? I !!ion V%otocol (HIV" 5 KindoW!#

M( h nh 123 t0ng Bre8entation

J.ng V% ! ntation !X chu+&n /i cch nh dng d liu (n8u c.n" nh*n '3c ta t*p Hpplication !ang dng phY h3p# :c chc njng ch7nh9 $,n d liu Qnh dng d liu Mo ha d liu Nic nh dng d liu th o mt ?i&u chung l %)t c.n thi8t & Dm bDo cc ng dUng c th& t%ao /i thng tin 5(i nhau dY ch+ t%-n nhng h iBu hnh ?hc nhau#

M( h nh 123 t0ng Bre8entation

M( h nh 123 t0ng Bre8entation

TBnh nJng chBnh9 Qnh dng0 mo ho 5 n,n d liu# 6n O CQ i7*9 data Thi<t -9 gat Wa+ 8B CD9 MVG20 Zuic?Jim 0 HI:FF0 Gs:pF:0 2F0 JF0 VG2#

M( h nh 123 T0ng @pplication

:ung c)p cc ! %5ic & hC t%3 t%=c ti8p cho cc ng dUng ch+ t%-n m+ (ho!t"# J.ng Hpplication l t.ng g.n 5(i ng'Ri dYng nh)t# :c ! %5ic ph/ bi8n9

JV (]il t%an!] % p%otocol" J ln t and I$MV (!impl n tWo%? manag m nt p%otocol"

`.u h8t cc hot ng quDn l> mng Bu d=a 5o cc dch '3c cung c)p bEi t.ng Hpplication#

M( h nh 123 T0ng @pplication

TBnh nJng chBnh9 cung c)p ! %5ic cho cc ng dUng# 6n O CQ i7*9 data Thi<t -9 gat Wa+ 8B CD9

J ln t0 IMJV0 JV0 I$MV#

M( h nh T!BC3B

Q<+ l m h4nh '3c to %a bEi t#I p pa%tm nt o] p ] n! (pop" nhm to %a mt h th1ng mng c th& hot ng t%ong b)t ? t4nh hu1ng no# Mt !1 t.ng t%ong m h4nh n+ c t-n gi1ng 5(i t.ng t%ong m h4nh fIF# J:VAFV l m h4nh !@ dUng giao thc cU th& (!p ci]ic p%otocol mod l"#

M( h nh T!BC3B

TNng [pp ication9 gm t.ng Hpplication0 V% ! ntation0 I !!ion TNng Tran?port9 t'[ng t= nh' t.ng J%an!po%t t%ong m h4nh fIF# J.ng n+ !@ dUng giao thc J:V (J%an!mi!!ion :ont%ol V%otocol" 5 tpV (u! % datag%am p%otocol"# TNng Int$rn$t9 t'[ng t= nh' t.ng $ tWo%? t%ong m h4nh fIF# J.ng n+ !@ dUng giao thc FV# J.ng $ tWo%?9 ?8t h3p chc njng cMa t.ng pataqlin? 5 Vh+!ical t%ong m h4nh fIF#

M( h nh T!BC3B

M h4nh J:VAFV ?hng gi1ng hon ton m h4nh fIF# Ju+ nhi-n hai m h4nh n+ c nhng i&m t'[ng ng c[ bDn# :c p%otocol t%ong m h4nh J:VAFV c nhng mUc 7ch ?hc nhau#

M( h nh T!BC3B 8o 8"nh

M h4nh fIF 5 J:VAFV c mt !1 i&m ?hc nhau c[ bDn9

M h4nh J:VAFV c 7t t.ng h[n# J.ng Hpplication bao gm t.ng Hpplication0 V% ! ntation0 I !!ion cMa m h4nh fIF#