MINOR DISORDERS OF NEWBORN AND ITS MANAGEMENT Molding The head may appear asymmetric in the newborn of a vertex

ewborn of a vertex birth. Caused by the overriding of the cranial bones during labor and birth. Dimnishes within few days after birth. Head moulding Cephalhematoma Collection of blood between the cranial bone and the periosteal membrane Unilateral or bilateral and do not cross suture lines Disappear with in 2 to 3 weeks Caput succedaneum Collection of fluid between the periosteum and the scalp Overrides suture line Present at birth Caput Forceps and Vacuum marks Reddened areas over the cheeks and jaws. Disappear with in 1 or 2 days. Vacuum extractor suction marks on the scalp. No treatment is necessary Telangiectati nevi Pale pink or red spots frequently found on the eyelids, nose, lower occipital bone and nape of the neck. More noticeable during the periods of crying. Fade by the second birthday. Telangiectati stork bite Stuffy nose It may lead to mouth breathing and excessive air swallowing which may lead to abdominal distention and vomiting. Management : The nostrils may be cleansed with cotton wool soaked with normal saline. Sticky eyes It may be due to a chemical irritant or bacterial conjunctivitis due to Staphylococcus. Erythromycin (0.5%) ointment every 6 hrs for 7-10 days. Subconjunctival hemorrhage Found on the sclera Caused by the changes in vascular tension or ocular pressure during birth

Remain for a few weeks Reassure the parents Oral Thrush 1% gentian violet solution or nystatin suspension, applied to each side of the mouth with a cotton swab 3-4 times a day. Oral thrush/ Epsteins pearls Milia Exposed sebaceous glands, appear as raised white spots on the face, especially across the nose. No treatment is necessary, because they clear up spontaneously with in the first month Erythema toxicum Perifollicular eruption of lesions that are firm, vary in size from 1 to 3mm and consist of white or pale yellow papule or pustule with an erythematous base. It is often called newborn rash or flea bite dermatitis. No treatment is necessary. Disappear in a few hours or days. Napkin rash More common in artificially fed babies. It can be prevented by frequent care and attention to the napkin area along with immediate changes of the napkins after each soiling. Perianal dermatitis It is situated around the anal opening. It is due to the alkalinity of the stool and also seen in artificially fed babies. Management: Use of lactose, instead of glucose. Congenital phymosis Pinpoint prepuce which makes the baby cry during the act of micturition. Management: dilatation by mosquito forceps. Pseudomenstruation Thick, whitish mucus vaginal discharge which is tinged with blood. Caused by the withdrawal of maternal hormones Smegma White cheese like substance is often present between the labia Physiological jaundice This is observed in 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates. Occurs after the first 24 hours of life. Resolves with hydration and frequent feedings Constipation

It is commonly met in artificially fed babies. Management : Correction of the diet and extra water is usually effective. If it fails, milk of magnesia 4ml by mouth is effective. Mangolian spot Macular areas of bluish black or gray- blue pigmentation on the dorsal area and the buttocks. Fade during the first or second year of life. Nevus flammeus Port wine stain Red to purple area of dense capillaries Commonly appears on the face Cosmetic cream Nevus vasculosus Strawberry mark Raised, clearly declined, dark red, rough surfaced birth mark usually found in the head region It resolves spontaneously