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Lathe LL Upine pe pt GU con ebay iT oll Wyle relate Vt semiotics) LA ple Ea) Gt lef ste (Sad semiotic system Hadumod Busmann, Routledge Drctionary of Language and Linguistics, am translated and edited by Gregory Trauth and Kerstin Kazzazi (London: Routledge, 1996), p. 284.13 Aglalt recht pb = 1-1 ode ste pgal BY iby dabehe Cilpe oye GAL OLA ep cles DLN Libs py b dle Ub oe poi ay Taal olloaly Tide I SLM y Ub GL 2 1.121 general Kole OLGLAUL pace pee be per Op Gy dtp: IgV) gus descriptive linguistics due! oigLul, «linguistic Lalas cdl youll oe OLSY) joa At Bale lpi ga ee et Sal be) ere A ke ee gh a A LEG LR ye jet ashy Vhuail Yaad Gell Wie Ob a pacly pa leSy Lape gf cin alls Rall My dale Sal Qi ye BU oe Ge ttl ELA WG ee gh tt ye ee a IS ait etal DLAI bye plod ol categories 2 EAM y co liall pit dota CULAR yaar gt att gl dala debe gt LILA AU oe ed ply A SES ame ghey Rabel LLU Uber Jal col, arty cdllaily celal le ig eed SLM JS Ob AW LLU 8 nate! empirical lee Jae MG amy de gil SASLU Ob peatcell p pid ont feel Ugo cat of Sas Y EY he Buoy dad dat of asta Vm pete gM cil pt gH tp I Ss bly celal Lape end Gall fay spall congo pe falat: OT ade «yah il eH Kile gM la OB Sag Pika LIL banal AAI poate Gd Sats All abd) Gata! pmo ll Day Gi SLU betel ce GTS GN ts OT Lee SUL pay Joho Lyoms, Language and Linguistics: An Introduction, (Cambridge: (2) Cambridge University Press1981), p. 34.SU ol fee 14 SE bea jens Le yf of .F cphilology SAN a ollacaly hie gh crate Gal Styne Legis JV) bral, Ogetgeell aoe cee gatell gt eld Syke gpm of LS Uply shi Gy) bi Oyo ne > J dal PMs gest Saedledl oye Hee gkell colalit atl Adah GASLIT 2.1 L PU peat UI pte melt ill Lb ig All edt peal ad BA GH ath SLT cya gill spar PLE Sy oo gwaall yee Malll pyle phy oP ogsll Aas Ua 8 gate Obl polly ULI o> aS tpl he the Origin of) GLP Gael ULES gb ast Lptle gl ae be RAM Rabe ger Gg owl o enpee ble Sha Ulsy - Species pager $0 diliga bs GLA Oy ABT Lela Geedyay tab Lele cot Gy ABB cepted peeetll jb [2d Ferdinand de Saussure pee ol] leas cayneronic Lal] LA Uly «diachronic {abet GLa ul a ped ST ly ANS gly edalll Gab OY tyermgtall Ger dele Ghee GE epee) GUS day ages ge Rae Ed gd Lyte, the Apel Leal lel ce pemily eile eal gle alll geal sQapiladdh ca fl one ry historic linguistics Lau jl OULU gb atl ud yi OF tee pea oy ee ge GU eos gh lg, BS Gey Ol ee ger oak io beS @ Ppt DES hp dae eee co shelly GL OL Gols byl gale 9 (1996 a yee Mall Gate Scc Lyons 1981: 35, a)15 igh vegdgdel GLU, al AGL 3.1.1 ca Ug AAU ES aks bye SG EW SL 3 Lal cA Gt opel Lge AF gill Send eligbsll oe Balt ge ee he Lgrthsy cL gLA patie Gabe gigs Giybdl oLsLAs we GEM A ey OU pare Leger Hpleal pl pall slanguage phining «g pal Sedescth did CL SLA) dows gb Jes Jal Gidley computcr-assisted language learning G7 pelatl LUI ohass SLL) smachine-sided transiation 4!) dae Sly dar ly da th artificial §- e+ oi eL Sil) computational linguistics 41 y Ltt BAB] Ane op SU! Ohedl ats Le Lt) tld gees cintellegence OW Say Apel Agta So bed Gayot cull gies ceased AAT pal ge cle ee Ly COUT OLS) tb te eA LU Ga ght and Ly Label SLUG phy end AM col Stall abla ALS be 31 got abit kazN EMS Qleil Rpleticll Gil ylh GB Avail ISG pleail Te ULM pap LLL BY) Ble chy Gyles leg Ute) SLU! faas East abe paly coe gall Lael oe Gilat 8 Sti ct Welinay AISI Ol pe pate phonetics Ol polit ple — 1 Hal pets lily clade Ly ak ee et pel cts} 1 dykes AR cll Glad OLY Jag Cl LA ell Lyons 1981: 35. aARI Gl Jue articulatory phonetics, flat ci yeh glo allenll Lin alps eel il I age op pty Colpo La pe phe thet a pkey Wl, Uebel ta . acoustic phonetics egtrenll selpae lt Myoby Hae Ugh gl appeal Leech etd neurological _--e-«J} ele te Lgl ae ete - phanctics 2 EAS Slo plall Ke aig: tphonology Gl pall be As pall pile gS) phonemes inal; oust HG YI; tall cell lnall selgllly oYaabaly lpailady cle da) 3 allophones ele Fala ait peel cl pel phe dglin Lanny dpa Sond GS gpa URN Galt ole yb oll Sb BSAA cole Kee oT LDS ine pli ae Wylie Gals Oly cles ate 4] Agel yall G28) dys ga Ulecall ya morphology Gis pratll phe PALS Lat morphemes Spel pliiy PLL si jaall ode pKa 2 set pilly cg hU forlt ay Spbiey ‘syotan GST al pe prod ple poe ol bel aly cla lily AALS yay coli belly clgblasls EAS hy wel 5 Ugler Ge ail Oy J Uday at ols coven Gl Smeal ple Slay Lab Gaal By del yd J gla oul cre Sea Glo l pcug grammar el yall ple cpabel tole ct R.H. Robins, Gencral Linguistics: An Introductory Survey, 2nd edn (London: Longman, 1978), p- 181 BE. A. Nida, Morphology, 2nd edn (Michigan: The University of Michigan Press, 1962), p. 1. lé «oy amWwW otal sche gly lye eae ope ayrel tl rlde gly Gol peel! cet oy pot es Se AU ge LEU gb dpe emt Sab a el yay ctelyall ple gb UVilly Thal ple op polaall . . 8s ol Gill Jkns Breal Jue eileen! Lia aos csemantics UYU phe ee Ny Updegs as gAl BLU Byonlh steal foley gia Lead fet fe dead ginal ye diame Cilgell she atlaLacal LIA pla le ant Y ates Ob VAS dol yall Gil ped gh gheas DpilUt OIS ofp «Jari las Lad Jats be bedi igemaall gle idler ge shad J) oll Job i Coes sayhely il poled WS Wb 15 day ob oye bab Ol aol) le pete ceed gh Sle oT gael gell pratt ype Gly «perth ant Uo ple, peti tele pod cpemnell Gpedt UY sentence semantics spell Lia tylytes All cle pd pall oye OY Say Aug olde YO a 1 woladly «Gol IS Glial ye IW Bob oS gis Lull yal cold bally < Ube [ISH gael Le gig egal pod All der sll! 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Be 2 Og Abt DI ple Gi peo BVA ples Spay be atl gt BSL Gaba tok ey oe Uatlan gphts i lgeu sly cdo dell SLI opty lll deals) Lyons, 1981:100, See Bussmann, 1996:423, ® oO)ASLAM Jae 8 PVA jelly cotymotogy [Stell Lage Gla, gytmee tod > pall _Stitantic change Balsiee lweadd oy UY phe Gb gee ltl obllcal caus iy ved Wing Kae BY pte Gye Cadel ad ened gall dodt Il WY phe eg phil UYU he yee joey Me ped Oger ag pill phy santheopological semantics gt Nw pes «pinta eaze all yak Ne play ego DV ples patil UY phe Spay gall Ob codes yf as os Ya pe gly ag dN UN 3S AS Lely" Ol pad Us Gay pragmation bla! ale _ 6 AOE Ls claliall 3 Ober oN yall My Coal le pt oT ayer eae Las ela Lia 5 det sual OLS Ady Grice pal Sy Searle Speuag Austin options] fe dy.Sy pod aad Seat pttlelys Ea ye Ge ceaall Opting GF bE em nailed pine egal, GELS dil Ets Mace Ud elas pil tinal tanh Mate ll Leo cull ED gT omy Lape y eplace YN ploy o aiall ghey AST CAINS genet peel cet heath OL] pate dee pre Segall Gall oye Sp AW ALLEN polly oS bball (pel pb Lakoff gtinlacal GUA AN GL Sy oe Bballs elle abel phe Gln ret a gpbell POU ej Od used Get de ce SUA ete peel ple GT 88 ol (blag UYU dD cen belay AYE se yy DY ple yd Slt ob thd John Lyons, Linguistic Semamics: An reraduction (Cambridge: Cambridge (10) University Press,1995), p. x ‘Geoffrey Leech, Principles of Pragmatics (New York: Lomgman, 1983), p. x. apcLy stilt «Peirce ce yet gl AT Signal Nn agnay Pps pling oA a Le PCarmap SUIS mals ec pty dees ot dal ge Gaye IS Ole NT OF eed he OY pe Sar tm ehalh Coley all ay habe Seat hae Seti gg Sac a ty sttlly paella Cet lt ye GSE TL cetsll Le Ge pele anal Spal webby Sle ye IS cle ge jens pceell Ue YUL Labo g ect aM call y9 ce Gyalh OL pe edad Ul Gb GU ody LLU i jee getle bene Gbladly OVI OF ye Ll Fegall pyll cue Lode (fitaad gall po adi ae gil OF ae gp tell pent ball pu Gob Ab Sle LY oly tg salt hallo dealing Shyley pel Eyal Biles dhe cit ob) MPO Gm - Medieval Islamic Pragmatics i. 2lS 3 cael ge Gil bias ghey UMN phe got Gyall bates aed gcd Cad PMN TAT pe Gal po pet BS ay ally cAded gt gl) Gal gas GALI GJ] Gaye Haga bls Go gD WU oye dels PAS Gil Qlenl Bee clLiosy woldaedy abd DN oper gp DYN ple epee cat Gard gilew Ob dt sett ol bie Ja ABUL gle gyoye gh pall glee Cetttal IY gl Soall Loliey aya! laa! Ge Spall Oo John Lyons, Semantics (Cambtidge: Cambridge University Press, 1977), 1: (12) 15, Lyons, (977-114 ca) S. C, Levinson, Pragmatics (Cambridge: University Press, 1983), p. 5. aay Mohamed M. Yunis Ali, Medieval Istamic Pragmatics: Sunni Legal Theorists 15) Models of Textual Communication (Landen; Curzon Press, 2000), p. 9.elt pee 52] FD a gallh ilnals abel! ley BVI ole og Gill tell 5 Mob gb SpA ge Shyty ALN ola zie ce gad Labs Olee oo cdl Ge pele ll cle Y bland oY Nu ele olLial GL See Yel rel phe HS gel Lelie LE tilt edad Ulaels blast elie Byes (OUT Led eb Cl PUSS as Jobat ee Clit tes cll dt ole glad GO pab Le Sh pla cubs belt fads Gy SLi flay Bea oll UL ye jee gtd pd ile LAU) post Lays ideal mative J Neoll isle! Golebicell" Shiny Sea phF ES Geedily «bgt . " speaker/hearer bl ale gb Co pad Sl oe LI delat as phase Wi Las gt espearh wet theory @ ASU! Staal tiny bay Le ple Baloeall polos (J empirical Glad aba de JV) del ype maxims of Galea] Upol deney be gt @197S Sar a ld bey ple oll sell po we slinell pele pelea MoD! ees conversation Cpeleall ctoesall tales Mao sual 3 foe tie IS cdlaaVly SNe phe feo Formal Heyy Sacto eee Ys spe sl UVa ple sled a «Pitocutionary logic glleel! ghtaiy «situation scmantics plia!t ale Ai small a ele ob gba Gotpl: (LW dns OP ball ie aly oP peal 4. M, Gawron, and Stanley Peters, Anaphora and Quantification in Situation (16) Semantics (Stanford: CSLI, 1990). See Bussmann, 1996:374, an Leech, 1983-33. aeu wall aan gell colihedily Baal oLSLU 4.1.1 col Oya Lgelail, cdl ag, le Uta dd Glleral gill pais Lane cow SB YP gl of hela YP cde oI J) dpb cola (aay Cond! Jalsst [S| Lal. microlinguisties Wael! ASLAM 3 TS AN dep OLN 8 epttd Ral Gil peily aul, Ld) Mia jr Aifee ‘social tinguistioe Lolace' OLLI coe LE pty OP endl he ae ge LI L2" pe gh teen, Gall plete YI ploy scbelell yey Oslactt cet Shad bey AN a yajy chgaliceteds chal! plicd atlas OP Aate Wy egal Ladh 1g AY Uase Ady ‘ethnolinguistics (4,bL#th gl) 25 pal cols geet GN CAS Ly CULL, Ye Cae Ge Ell Lolo” LILI ele Ob GLU LL cai OLS g cleatare ae gil JET poly Lege sete Li all LGAs cael 20 Us Spt gee peblanat! C52 ipaycholinguistice Tanta! cibibwldl EME y egal fc fall Uomo psyche Se FY) LACH Le oaks Gal dela" ch, tela! ape hall) goo pl lingua 25M CSU cepted ey GLA Obs coe YS 8 Laas pall He pests ath cle po pall py bbe Liss) yo Abel corey clgegig «language production Uglas|s «ill Las) Ld Lyons, 1981:267, Bussmann, 1596:439. Lyons, 1981:267. Lyons, 1981-268. rir} a) au) (22)ASL GH ee 22 Seed cals gM Gg gerne Rng he path gl) ob peal Oo yell! Jygll Ball pe das Co Gt al Glas, tl dau) aaa Ciqais crldLallh Upton gl) Wail ay ald lal place Vl A GF Ty sH ily GRAN tpl ay ceatgald Ios Si y eS OF ge ST al ad Le GLA ecnlerel AS gay Bayes GAN SAU) Ba 22s SN iggy at ol Ups dpe gol Vecel 2S ab of jb as il doe Glo Ving AAU pgdl Ahad Sep Lal) Ol gy ET ote tlh ye oe deed WE AUT olde! ae abel ol ol aS pee OAM oe pall Taped plod culbealt cabal eel oad leo Set) AL LY Ghali dy sWondt ovis 3 ¢Steimthal Je ope pte Ot Gly ie erly cp ptialls tpeenally peal Coda s Buitler plays finely winked] ye ob pili Taleb 61955 wine 3 pelall Ly] Vyr Fs Gye Oyeentl Sy clay ed yilalll yd Syl UlLw] platens Ugted o Ker Gyclenldl LpataSs a dpe) oles of OP a Diy cuit ple quate EP pro, See poll OL GLAN oye Gd gh Latylisticn dy ghT ple Mia La pedtctine Lge potions gill Liz phe cla ob gpl Lalyat de pat cee Geel tee 8 pth Le iS yg yll wal ya i UR She ab Ga Shy FP yey all dad Gti ope oe LBL hy SLU LLU ge BY TE Sy IL te pak galens Cpe ce Bal ley See MoLeish, 1993: 606-7, See Bussmann, 1996:390, Lyons, 1981; 295 - 296... (23) (a) 425)23 Lt ep Oh pets stills eet IS ganas tal obey ail, apes yaya pd yc teal Gal HSV a «agai LeS te geaatess Kadadl GLI face Lad Lhe ate Wiis gill gle) ipa NU A ppb yee gd de ost eal LoS aigbiell gould Galanthy cps pred gatih by Ld pSall aS he spell hel OL OS GMI be Gell ld Gans af cote gh cde ll pe pe eed Sell gf TAU! pled al Byte GU EN at ol tly ee od GU LY Set tS kad AUS ye Heady ye gutted aay phe Lal wl ced Syme: QW LAN die 3 OT Ogle Sell cpap yaa RagLAV) cnke peige cay clas Vy GALI oye pgilelenal sth! ye es pult gl) stylistic incongruity athe! tue cp Hass sdeliborate ambiguity > naka! pally Gadel SLI! ‘alliteration A Seals cthe bold use of metaphor jlo! alt seca! gpeesy erhythm LaLa, ometre 23 pats cassonance ,oLao ly choke eleLazaly upon pled) olLaaal ght tay Pua shibtiee Late quakeall al Gly ale te lf Lyall JDK Baljay Eg phe gigs Ulead) Aydel gall dell pall pape Leas py Ea Bed) olla a led Cobley « wal Epes See pak pe pall Ledge OY! Oyen dts get ol chy I Qala gilalacal oi] Le] efile HH UGS, «gabe Wl fall TAU ple aye fatal SLA ob te OV Les deat y tly GeldVi UCIT Gi ypbrall popeatlly che pened! Sb ALT. Ly Kell wtgalall Satoall soy collet, cis posal! (Lyons, 1981:295.7, (26)ig gy eae u lee OF ger le Ysa le sliel Lt cp pent! ary cles Telia dated ail gon gle nga fl pliant Lettie Gta laa! Wb ae Gh UL Gall GN sake aie pis wT ell ge EOL PPS HS gt pad ll alba dl oe Vou See McLeish, 1993; 713. a)SS Sac pe A) aa _ 2 oh Be ape GAS oly OLLI pee ye pe A Ol woke llth Wgijad OF pgedh ope GIS ASL AMT ye gladly coals pss Mealy elgwatlaie gy cles 2 Had Way pa 1.2 SN SAA LUE ge ge Geet Lethe LL! 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Sane 2S Kale je glee) Bl placal; Let! aad ed Sas ll ne gl at gay GM le age aT pal Ug Jp St Re yan gh ENT og tee Set iy al ye yet ppt tb yas gblb taytos Ye Uae JS y cotalt tates ob eel grembed pt pLazal Of Uitiny OPssgirecth pelea pe le pears Opemiey Opell GAN yalSre ap AS dye ype obey Gt gto ade gle lalacel Uilsteall Lkeal! arell go ole pb bwe sty yontll pally Cte yall Cadgall aby duos Gala clgel sly BU pyle Gb apt batt pall Je (as) ABD Geen 2) eget le Fey pad peal al eae gf temey cag steed wee N Chomsky, Syntactic Structures (The Hague: Mouton, 1957), p. 13. (36)Rd aay 1 gla jes - 6.2.2 comely Eyre Ue ed ost YES Olly edt ot BUM forcad Sli 5 Te JS ib Ate delat OT pny Many pie CARL pn Of cl UT AT MN Gye Giles Me dy olga te Ga Beet ye ch) ala ets city Cobnecmall pm spl tl ly ce Lee ll Obert gf cade ye bal pay ad urls tht pl Eatonton een gh Lagi ey od toe gl giclee GN ASL GRU aed y edtgeell GU Le wedi ET LE Ys leh ELEY Ge LS Ey ge Eplte Gge Shell La By gMy Gaels egeball Pl od) he oe pies OY Eel GAUL ae te ate yay ccultural transmission (Sled Jel a Naas OPI) lus G Yuls, The Study of Language (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (37) 1996), p- 24.all ee Bl bee ge JSS) Siler] Jaa gat Tats Gl e Sits Tall oe aed) dikes 1 Ablael -2 lado 3 alk 4 wld - 5 tage DAML LYl Ai peel 2 shred, Ta bbs ye part gpamall - 3 pall 4 plies ON hey EE pao pel Gh BE ee TOM os of es Y Be kage, Bt ig 1 36ps 2 ales 3 ola 4 igahe 5 Syed AA ce Haneda At GAL gaat gl atleast oye ng pw ad 1 doled 2 dbloo Yl 3 (2) + (4 G)+Q)_5 Spt eae deb nolall Slrevl ys daly QU elt sass tg Vi Eka eagde gle Geo Y GV OL LAN ye Joly wel Jt 2 a3 osl-4 fads gd oll 5 AA OY Uke BM poe yo g EME for el Jat oF jeu TGs Lage igahns 1 pls 2 ale 3 saya _ 4Apa Ml Jee 38 ies ade Gohty IFW Sls fb iy Siall BAU) pola ge bid ly 5 Ral Cay ya det dh-1 dedi gd jes? © drt 3 "Dpeber' od yilly gig 4 walt fb fo be _5 ctled le Gjpaally LlSM ca deal Bb Gill Kar aul oY) GS bg 1 gles _ 2 Spall 3 BY 4 Pad eal - 5 ll pst al coe aby pte ll AUN pole opel Gl cal al bel pall ow AU Lele Yo ull apa -1 -2 -3 ro UbLsel ... 2. Leal ga ee : oe pee Une tale aya Laima 22... Gab ge thay 20. dla Geta oe ee3” ; ily gly bee ale JS pled Ue 3) pee Lt] ae Sayyid We pad Jogell Leal 2 1 As Lele os gall Gia 3b bene OWS a 2 Sota BUN phe ales gm Fo Ye Had ghee gil alll ple gly - 3 at ee ye GU petal gle ie gl GAM gle Lge Ob Sar gl cabal ae oe -4 ce Ha GF Gael ty pe pall GUI gle Lee pie Al sey woipaelly cll Gait Loy Gd Ladle Leal bengee Gall ab, Ogatgell a - 5 Vee BL ee Ob pel) pKa ee FES pes shll dal gle 3-6 wah am ot Bal ark oh pee gle plac BAM ple Gab] GAL SLA 3 bill Ge 7 “i! lal BAU oe Gel Sept pel ek! wel LAU GY -8 le Uy LM NS Fgeremall Led Ob gg Gp stall Bayt Quel pif LL - 9 wld aya~ Lange Nywhe Wid Lannlil el RGN RAT col pak oe Gast abl. 2 thea ney Laalt pe Sepelel ge at IE ee ak Slat GUN cog ol od wel peal elegy ASHT ye ent pt TAU cape ge dg 2 tee gi We OLS gf pe Les Sptyll cg pha GLI seal pipes Sol oti det 23 Hobagdh ab iT yey Ogle Lge pe ill Able! QU gle Yl14 Just! Auilulll Colaba y! MEL olbe) — 3 Ley had Yel GLU ol ye tell Ls ye sheet gle egal gil gb cer gl peters pe gh gh Yl pal lala Lge pelt dee pecs dee lb Jy nel 1.5 pte zl) gb ASLAN Laat igo plpstea ly contological principles typ! pt Ue ll phe Le Ly eiGL AU! cal fut 3 pS ue 3] Pepistemological ele eT ne oe lle Al geedlelll oper gregh GIR YT a yar -2003 Ng 32 ga «Sill pile td tie ae tye tee oe agri age es Lee AU of omtotogy alle oye GD cilnas sgh epistemology ge gyal Ld tol SYT Sale ole” ol jbo) aay chgranleny cps 6T all rok par inehill ot fd! Ar dvedsy oLeal od 9! . See Dagobert D. Runes, Dictionary of Philosophy, Iéth edn."L y=. >% +) (New York: Philosophical Litvary, t-d).AA ee a yST AB Se ogre Lec being alee pao ok O65 OT Ub pt Ot leh tape pile appli Ue ye Gb Leste Cea ery els Mgeatliaiy olgibalesl yar pai byigS Jno! Fee el dpe) pal pe etl La ol ual, Uy jee LU hte Glalesl cgay tl eal, da glpet ete NNO Lely ad cats etl Sl Ally LAL OWL ye AY OMS Ape) UE UT pen gig ASLAUT plcbally Spor) ttl day, eS carta Oa gb yg ell ell pal ge tyr pe Bhs pelt oe ate ptle gon de LL SSI GU day LAST pal YR oe ey BA et OF ged ly Lye tat lh pol tle pe UE yet Maal ge sh mals cp all LG pel gle EAE Lee al Spiel pel ys ceded gee GS tel oF i Ep ally cd pol sgl Lb] gd 2a Ol oe oH Whe Sale gb pall edill ¢ put gall Whe ob EES oI nde thy tbe SY, ALL, kajol Ste GUY ll cole pik pad ep yl ca gle git Vy gill GU Spall Opal gb Genall I at eal yg Sell SUED agi EaKae Y Ugg 8] Sp glalt Lysol ob Coed dneal hee se th le Gomes tlemdae Ems cleites Glows slebet oly lake ce bes ide pal 1.1.3 sept ell lb val tepid OT tpl ode Bogle a Ai pdm y cca g Realell pgp Ap Mell AU eal, gh Yel oP pel ope tea Ob Sey gl oll oe prt say cad USS) seizes COLL) oye Ler gly pgdilypas pA atl Lolo3 SL ote age pat GA testy I GA epee od a dole ay alprtt pal ales by dal dna 3 a gihtndy clgee degds OF GAT sel Spel ye Mak hye) salad qe ge dll) hey Upll deyhill slg pagltall ye p ASH oe Ie Cytol eA b Upheld pygie — 1.1.1.3 Teall ga TL U! OF le ge pte) Oil OSL AU jae ae gh cagae CL cise OF yay Led Ogiloas pgs aa) Gaba phat GU: ated gb pte; Led glad Ale GF pil a gabe Gout aay dL phe eel OI uly (5 alate VI ole dad ceo gelory cell ABS celal pale SAU cohel all eT ghee Ke incl ged og gall O[" 2al3 8 Otto Jespersem Cae reer yal cgSratbal gpl hls SY Le) go OY gis La science of language AU Lat appeal) Siva 20) pe OPE coed ob gelall pygie ated (ob SU AI DIS CSN algal oy spositivism dane yJiy compiricism Aggy yl a Lage SLs OE plu! lee LS Rahal le gH ode Real cal, 48 rationalism ial ct Ghats OT Sm V lal ly chy prall Bar Oyu cl Up BY Ope ase gill daegtally Gall LUA pao Ipegd oI ell oe etd tag el 4 alah cag 8 Sl ge SLU hill ae Leme'Y temporionve tell ie Alt Sb ell Jo oh el a tyes By sensecdata, po!) ops B3eL I islet cperception | il SLY) op» O, Jespersen, Language. Is Nature, Development, and Origin.( Landon: Allen (39) & Unwin, 1922} p7. Lyonta, 1981, p. 49. 4a)LLU J) fe ; 44 PL tga sey OLS yell BS deiso yN d tall 6 dat ode Cs Cael nell olla jaf ae cdl AL gil Bloomiield ahaa gh 6°) eal pe ccbly poe el ple gh AS LW daha aeethe Watson eA wall anes I Ade Ky A924 Kae gb Dehiaviorinm 45 pL oP patna: pS phil a,b 1. coe aac gb pia ay Lae pad gall gle Udall I out AaB pled pqetiog egtlll solall le pSell YB SUk SA My 1 tel peg) Chomsky Sons ph Choy By gr ytd NyLaU a pntall tapaal cA I a Ged) DM alse Vi oleT 55 Gp Lally «gL ekg aslly plata ol ola oe peed ON Cell dae VY epee ob Spree pl el gd ll gt gel OS If Lae delay OP tally wae gays ASpbtly ele pglal of I Late Le nepal hell cet oye JSS aad: YY alas OT ys Ge pa yall oly Cog h Uul ple Blind 8 A) ith AY ye ptt oT gas Pagal, Oc taly oad, BUT tase gle Ke Vga Lengel Lil chad ab Say AS* Oglleg aotily Uda gl, IS Late, LSey OF pe Be Kae OAS ye IIs LS ays Le ny pial bie gb aye Le ple Spe Keee etic GLE PLE ake Medal Lada coy OT epKay tees peel gh pipet Og ef aad ad Ta Qa TELL oF Ll ath tlores aVde pes od tidy 5 Lyons, 1977, 1: 121. (ay N. Chomsky, Asposts of the Theory of Syntax (Cambridge: The MIT Press, (42) 1963) p. 193, notel Chomsky, N., 1965; 20, cay Chomsky, NL, 1965: 194. (aay RH. Robins, A Short History of Linguistics (London: Longman, 1997)p. 261 (45)45 Spl call eg gh Ab aye yall Mga! Gell ddl I Ue bs gs RIAN gb AReaL Sor Call Jomell ote 5 infinity ats0Ul 6 yale (yay PST ERAS feetT ge tly gb plScall dames be OT pal gay Ub ye of arteally ball Mt Vi We sal sy alle cold pit a gall oe pts be BLES athens til Legive y introspection Glz.Yiy intuition ot de CS UG GLU JRA LS AS) fee ab ke poets GY ode cay lpi ss GI SLUL Gol ¥ el olay OUST gb Cute oll Bain Lapel blend Gal sil) wall Lal steel Dyed Wey OLIN bp Uy all da peedl aelpilly « gpealStcall By eolstly ctharyb Laks el Rael Cy Aa J] SL Yk cell ae See ee et dail Robins 75> Lies ot GUT NP Oy Bey pL amg gb te py Set OS" oe A Meets ccd Slanted Finkel plied US I} esl t petal Se GM Hepat OF pgtated Ab cpnelen — Saree mt gle IIS | pam pegaaiil Iybaty of prthe OWS Haneall phat Jaat Lele pleat Oe agitate Seg all GES) «AIS GF allay gtd clei am La Ui to ob GUO St hy dle ely scalpel Mey Bye gob ce We tog ntl Peat ols fae ge -Poognitive psychology S123 nl phe ge G3 ph de Rage al eee all et OM ope ll td OF ee gall Ge fads UIE oe Lage: Lae el gle CHSLUL Glan Lb dns, Ily eI de Gleb ole Lille ep Lael ay al Le SO land yy Cb ey ee itty hall ot ball Ls Le dpe gall Robins, 1997:262. (46) See Robins, 1997-262. nyela og) poe : 46 Goll Vie bee Sloggete Glas La Lstl ol gs BIT y hid ages tod Lady) -principle of reductioniom ,2earcJi Li2y «principle of verification RTL, Upto Cot gh Le tigds ESM OSE Y Gant Tad Fake Lol DES SIL Le parcel Sobel le Sele Solin Lede Galen oS Lakal Uptns Jand pylall cbishsh ope y pitied peedinall Ledad 2st ei cake SI se more basic lel AST easily cole jail geld pL EIS ASH By Mikey place Wy epadill pale oa tpbell Goats) pontiac Latal Joi pglall (alias) poalte pans ct bl hey OU gia GB Ua yeaiiy clpegs oly gd Ld 251 pee yk ob ethics UG OM ce led 5 Gall hays of Lage Lol. truth-conditional theory of meaning t=wal! bt x4i gle isSLill A) ep yell ony celery tlie gh ge 6 GIS LS Uda day poli aairl eg eek OLA AG gf LgSLED pe pte Opis! olgibad cent! Veje ye at colt, ULI oka Sy Lane oll Liaakal pulley (place Ils agiey cunworkable das pF Igioy tal J] Lyons VY Sd, LS - TPMAU Ee Seely agen podalall LIS OB Licey Potente apd gf Gla add GUS Ge Ge gl She pe pel pled Old - GeV LS Lge Gln Sey gl jaolinll gle patiall Cie gl! ate AS glad de pdedl ye sos Lea Oty it A daaN Gadah 25 Of A NGY GM Ill Cady Reg pelt yeti Cobar gil 2 hdl Cond 3 ASH 2.1.1.3 AL GIN se SL po all glans Gey GY Oe ae Ge rt Lyons, 1981: 441-2, (48) Lyons, 1981: 42. ara7 AA etal) togalall Cad o Giaty Ol gee agli adequacy BUSI yd J eke oP etl ge GN adil er oN pel dilate cobbled Uplane gai! Mids BMG ye tole Sy cll Suny) Slgrid> olSey cla yalil pal yb! re §USILy cobservational adequacy Bi all F LUE a ULSI oe ell explanatory pw e= gt ayLastly descriptive adequacy Wire pli fe wf dd Coll NL Le La) te OLS ade Joly vadequacy Ab tI dae ss all Cine gl QUIS 2b gt Ll foal ey Ally UN 52 USIL ASL Ml aes 50 Ley Lally BABY te tpl lel sa sly penitll GLa Gaal te Sats thodh ob erled byt Ube hell OF gle Ophity O pill OF HL, eH Uy AUI ball Glas Sud pu Let As till ioe A Ob oy Me Oy S gL IE Abe Lh tree gg osikin Foley pedal gt se yer gt Uae all Ua yall pelialt de 5S me gto Fpl yall pm gill ototal! i AlN a pall of egimtgt Upleglny «cbarall elect gle Saad of ghey ball Of (Kay abe Mall Bale poh dag ong EL AML ye Lgeely Le Wad TS IS ae Ve Soma gtd bal EA II ope eb MN ghey ABR AN Spm le herds Vol pcclld fpr pelle Unarel! gibind! GY 6 Jil isle ys tall 6 lel Gate ya lege Jars Gi gidl patleny cle dd op LS) cPRLAW pAREU LAU Ge OT LS Ratti Ue all ope pels Mati ppd pe gh pall BLS Gly) oft pd ta Hog of UN dee ll Sa Gall Tete Say Dieter Wunderlich, Foundations of Linguistics, Translated by Roger Lass (50) dba sr 9F Se gb Gilinl JE aE UE Po gS gh Spe LS geen pS gb [gala he Spt AS peg sladl gb Oglitall Oyhtetall Ulan (ot) dypilll db aol ea all cued BLM] allel gb LUSI Gio OF Kay Vy eb yd gl eld aye Fill SLA by tll cy gle gow ode She od baal pe pdt wall lye til Loa tae Shall p LIS bgt gale pps oT Lad death pal pll of cipal Cle ce Rime Ul ap bl quill: tala ener gli cll oe Le eBe shad! le Kuang td Jb Vial Ogos cOyS pha steel Bh les Tyas F Geel oso lll bali Lule gb Cie sll teapeadl 8S Lake Hye gg OLE ill) geted pelt LL La prods Saar) ge GAs bp cote git gh deol: 1ye5) (ld umiversals TSA pare gle pela Labo el yh Be pwe ald U paergll 254 Lay Le chy Eh sal gill 6 jantall Gaull y wigtheadl Ua Gee Senn pb gy A yM! Sokal gael pad BL chet Ge ed spinel Gh ot Hey Bg gteall fiphe egy tlegler bard Ue hell (I Sea gH adel! Legler Lpeeadd pow pay Leotne chew ae ye CY) Le LS babel IMIS prell saeey o Shull underlying tuts! coll bi ye ARSE ll kegel wlerenll woke lott) Stet gta fyb ySayy dilit o tegularitios Mele LAL deal GLU BN pu ake chal ge (GULY whee gle cle ye ll Sell Hid Al tel all oot Gis TAGS alt ot de A Soll ge Gee el sigs ALUN Gall O) Aya la aba goby lal oe gpl! We {3a9 ALU ots OO Gland AKAM SgAUT peel) Vee Ce Anal bet md ce canted sll Opel oat gil phe! lilt oe Saly PT be El tee Al pt Batlly yal Hedley ph Leg lage Vy hele OLEH opt AS gb OS Vly Bee Lellee yee de cll a tay cae Canal de aes cule endl gl ab pally Ayyrll Sale gechy cal gM dined pall flecdl fol gb hey pablly epilly oudlly poled le oo oo gd pled Wly cal BY oe td, oe tins SH Opbe Ge FT getty yells sheep ol Bl po Updo y, Tall ole] de Samssure pye ger 39 pygle iyi ler LUST pl pAKza Gi yaad opow ll jab seLlY ike) gb aK, Dyed ggieeadll Sagi) oe Ast SLU Geeta) Lad jn le gay cad Sh glade lH Jello Sy VGA gay canted eld aston aa poll opie 2 3.4.4.3 gl} tng OF pete GU sell ens 2 RLU hill wats Ct ae ot eee debt gil Leptall rats SLM Soul Gb pall th, Sis of Sa ABE ge hy el od Gob GGL tll Ball Bp Epil AS Le pple sats Lit, What Yee ams Ve Fi V besos ded ol oA Cee I ISL py ay all UG LAE gAU ISR Bye pee preaetl yb Gad ll Ole yak NN, Chomsky, Current Issues in Linguistic Theory (The Hague: Moutan, 1964) (SI) p. 28, Chomsky, 1964: 28, 1 (sa) See Robins, 1997: 265-6. (93)AGED Gy) Joe se Plladl UES op Geely cand pp Ge endl Gay Uy dtl lal OB EUS ye Dads clase ull ppgie gb pple bybe gd «honda! SD ee gentll pe BBN is gine abanel gb Gee pelt OS hte peed yl Aber cee Bll eed gh Sars pil is gine Jie go Alar is gine gti bicon CPTI S UA Spot a pe te 92 Girl coll a pmlly Apis ada oS ll ge Dill fb] op SAU I) yall pats GAN!) Darel cate OSs By tee Cb ad gate Gla it pail: AScath athe, (git ae dl glee OA pa yp dil jet ge Le apd Hall UF Cost ple gee ele oS F bead lt YL SIL pone LS thetly Bal oo ple le kgs epee oye Fale ol yee She of Ppl SHANG lag eh pe Lee 5h gill Schnetle Joo gp SEL get Da Aad els Ughey GLU gb LBA (PU! ME SAN Sy yrlly Tp lp oe taped Lyell pall bo play Lag lgonbedl Lr Gb Ulead yey ade Le cults ale Gay cpanel eM ge AT gh che sy yy Teall Ge gee gle Ld wetAd pally GLAS oye ch ib ye ADD eA) OLA ge oF egilaledly GLU pe sbaall GGL aya Pal Aptos gh pKa dans dpb Gyrgerg) Gayl ples alps SLL gb tps ee ye patel aay pe Choltzedl ef ola 4B LN pt ga We pV Min beard ality clgtnins olgegsd gall MM oe aly dated SLU Yaa i ge coed sll Lhe ope Katz GS bp SAU pap ae aS Se Cell Wonderlich, 1979: 105-6. Ga)51 FM cal cll tS Cad. reatiam Za Jb Chomaky’s conceptuatism (5+ 515 BS y scolize bgdey: OV pall gle SAIS lpi ge ecrth Saeed Ul tee colic GM ged bOUY oleh HG ae ea gl des dyad Ga MO gdey OP ale dee Gl Lasge y Splines pl epee ge tN bye Las Gaby LL lind ogey pele aL hela he a Lee ach SLEW tow pagal gay OP oltty Pas ee CULES OA ki VP ge Le fest Gaba pee gil teh pall ast tls gh Reet pete ct Ga Oly cppede pay eps SL LS dard all syn glly shite VN 3 alll GB dpi o) CASLU fd ga Ag ON AD Gal thy «pe nall Lao gas wk yell Atend Hewal caged gil La $8 See oth oA UR go tn GAH deed opel gly ealt gf cls jo gle cells doaeeel pe Wad px ie Rha ols YE ge be OUI OT spy CoLtalt Lal SUM» cajeooll Ugatilead shaky ASH car sper dna ab! aay azz pits diets Ue Ep gh ol els Ys lps plac ap yl be CANT eres Was Lays HBL ILS Vers Shane 3 ay plaiy i iLpel genie Spel gb deed col Sites OP EgiaLally ody AU) ole ledys EAL gb glade gill far gill PM Hide ULSI JS Lal Jerrold J Katz, Linguistic Philosophy: the pt gx ylyliWt 5515 cidys tipant (55) Underlying Reality of Language and Its Philosophical Import (Londen: Allen and Unwin, 1972), Se¢ Jetrold J Katz, Language and Other Abstract Objects (Oxford: Basil (56) Blackwell, 1981) P32. See Katz, 1981: 181 Gn Katz, 1981: 3. (8) ‘Yunis Ali, 2000, PP 87-144. (59)a Joe —- ap yea tno Sp Le pay ceglelya ce ged dom ll slate aally Rpt ge UA OL AU LU pe OT gay dal pill ode saga dell gl dyedell obo tt id tiple di ral Gili ope LAU CALA Spe sal ail peas ppt od} bel gb Dayal gb GLA) I idewlization LLY 3) LB ALN Aah Lal gle tts oh ao bay idodh dal) actual Saal jl cigigdoell) dda hall delilly (theoretical language 4,421 et od pany OP tps cathy OLS oo al je yay language). Cpl Gland ag eliny ofall at gle 03g ee pre ob Ell opel acl] Chagall Blas fad Lela SP fosccall (SHY cphtall (MSD oye Lybel- ABEL pill OL Ll cota OUT Llol yell 2M yaar RPI pA Fjraadl ited atlas pga gle gay 6 pital gl Hyg BUN MI GUest alg i ff ol yoy nt Cale ob ely sEandly 5b Ralje goad acd oben Opatgatly WU gtlabl ait Leal] hea Reda deal Jas Gh Oye Kail coli Le gltel i dob in ass we ae al Reacts MLW pee Gilly lal pe gb typification Apdptell athe, cope ll ally ool] pall pany led Hite tee calgibtcall Uyad pal Lech oe ght eg pe cot Edel LE ols ch pel Say baal AT Gaibae ge wen ded chp cot GB Le LD Cg at gon gle VD) Syllte UL ge Ga Uae Le Hee se Ul hed pl USE Pa at yb Gadel Ol ao ‘Wunderlich, 1974: 69. 60} Hegel AM eD Uaralhy angel de Le yall Gel pall patie caaser ale yal (61) ALS (a 1349 Sl) jlo dada] Gud ia) Wamderlich, 1979: 104, 253 HL oblbsyI Flee MAL a date ol gay Pagal obi sYl ya de CD pean AUS lve Ay Aptis ge alka Ryall tL U é203 Tpnall Raigad Goo y egal Jars dyyki Ory by owl praiy wel ee Grice = eel bp LaIL gol Le Lie aly a p2iil 5 lB cal glleney sal Les ed Al yale HU es fb Elbe aed Fe PSU ge BLN dai tal yt) fet le pedo fhe’ Jl eo] BUR TS et pe ne glial tukencall #56 Ipbeally o laali pan sh bin Geely ote ALN calor pall gb tinal) gle go paall aslo} ine J ESE leg gb 4B Gledlbaey fe Le Byer ol Faby Thee Il peatge ye Seer Sheets Gigi ret Gell Sperber pe yeomt SL ties Gay tagetao Nl olSUM gb oto tlly aad penal SG AY ye ad ape be ee AL Wilson Oly s Og teal ASH, WBN 841.3 oe epee CALA ops parole pS) ARUN pee Gel ey SAIS yg SP OS Ge Weak ga LAT ON yy gee go Nea pba ge Le be be PASTE wets cal aly sell tell soe Gh bee GU pe gd Gl BUG) al gh aL laa Bale pee gy, gelace alll GU a5 bony Bal olpol 22h ELS dnt pS tty secret al Glad bE Lela! Tbid. (63) Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson, “irony and Use-Mention Distinction” in (64) Steven Davis (ed), Prigmutice: A Reader (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp350-364, pp. $$1-2CALLIN oe ; 54 Llib Ugh terteall pill Gb be yd pated lanes Le pete opglebeadl OT spends gM ym AUN Il pacts ail 1 Sa mat AUT ppnow og] etn Adie pe plSEall al pd Type fy sleally LAUT tel py Rial et gd Gilet a Jeans Dyed Slo peethy Ac ood Upgle bate! linguistic patcerns Nghe gull tole taKow youd gle Kone Uyil o5 5 gay 2 (ASM Gl eat Gite - 2 hg ddel gd foley cdma cla pal osbably « boUY! eval sedate Ned Sled sbeteael y cet Gaptelly Cig ge (ASU) GAL gas jones gu tLe beady ape 3 Lely pd Ole gay td tee ge deel din cr ood oll Qatalh ALE I Slab coe Lely el ao Ol phe Daal wha pends Sly AKL, CAR pas ype 49 joel cP PIN ge be perme lene) BUS le cpa bepid ilar 5 peat SSS aS Spe 5h ge lL pe ell Cany LEIS pelo ead gh lpn ge pli Go ct hypelly LS eda [SG spade yu oP Ys tbl, cabled gy Gall ye de sll patie plesdle Y) pal goblin pling icpecbliney cOlKey clays abort boy gl salty Boke OSG pl Y Magny LL LEYE Syl ol onal i] jot Le ey vege ASH Sle I TAM) jem ye Came dB Mie pay dled op"SAM Joe 56 eee yeh edit aL Lay LIS eA yh as VEY! Bae oA gal py GM ee pet 99 Gu Ge Hee Lats BUSH et a ph Kee gente, AUS tee nyt an ST Je diy «1916 car Lal Apap Gog dee ys al pe cperformanee «lly scompetener cp ASL ested gd de gal Kall dU pal pes gay dll cpl ot ll pet ee 2 ELE gb PUG ce all ge gh Uy Boat peony ai} ugh Mgnt places Ailend pualy ila) pladll ddace Yl ce ee be pty tp peel fold geet a GOL] Oy wages Cr pets Hay Sealine pb Mole biggie ate CSU! p sgn Liles bade so Yas Gall 91) system of signs GL ope PUG Ih call gk Seng Ue aa Spel clake Lat LS ON OUST Mighell (She Y LUE tpg) SAMN oye Seal gt EUS Gee led ay GAL OUST Lah gle GIS pe sf) cpetsbend Lgpelstcn Obail JF gah B aayr pel (universal grammar) y+ yaa! tol AN) oe DLN ce Lee ty El Uy Gate at Glo dau shalt wel) Lgdphens spKee oll Leeda OV SEI ye CS ote 29 oT SH Ae pel soli parameters tgsliot dy pbeall pale ib as diel uy lary language PALI RAL) plated (ple Sua pet ne goa s Younis Jail cad poi ate Dheacey @agl Skt, op ASI, UL AWE oy 31a (65) Ali, 2000:15-6, 149-3 Lyons, 1995, p, 21. (66)87 ASL citabonii pleat plumed qlth gle — yyy go die — PASI Grats Gor (2 system aerkeis pAlb Gop Uno LIE Maat pad se plbalt OF pl Oye sas cot Lally chad system plicit go product clall ab joo Yt Gad cb Vang PCat celts cA pL sf cob cay) process Keel! System-process- cll} - Glee pled) oer Gua cD ul 5 ll -semantics SY.U1y « pragmatics 43La54 I! cetle (fle pgs (product Ad ses AS ealiga ATH oa TAM I Oy dite cpa gl OF JN LAs et rales Halll 6 pie gle 0th BUSIL de goal Ulan dy ibee product gts pr lyse Lia Lay sprocess SLally pi be bb 6 AKI Us sian Tia y CEL Lagebiie ye by peat AST Oaygie Lew Lh Sane pth he IPS he eS Smeg de Ela OW iy caelily cpap yo ee Lh SU haall LAs pV ge We gas ee Ges Rel OL fe eb eS Uber plane Glee Ogtagd pragmations bp slat! pl ise pret ASH OL Uy "lan pet pad (pants pragmatics Lae Aa ged ST adem aT cplgacand ste SLaL ye lt VY Glee celal LoS — PUSH dele! ppgiell yybe AULiLy speech acts p ASI SLeils i gases zee tl ate cla pale AL Blue fee dl ype pe 92 det 2 ONT gb Ehalaell be sles foe food cb] A Kulys cetera plead) coeall po Vou intention Lwaall pelbaas plaice Upeal oe OWS Lay gprs ‘Alec ge Yay conversation Valea) ola fpeee eel, meaning principles of Hbtotl CS ynel yl) tgols gb Opto: Opell prcaaly SA pl le Las pp Yue AScall ale of yLJ communication 183 poll Lyons, 1995, p. 21 (67) Lyons, 1995, 22, 468)ALA J Se 58 LUNN dag bp EW 6.4.1.3 TA lh Oy late LS rye gee 2 Seb omit oF G53 at Gem Agel (Say ll Lala poliall US ceclgeelll ope He peene Ul le Late cols «alge Gil id tijeee Rthid atliady pratly «ladles pHi pace sprpe 92 pli gSly dablisll olebles bedi! Le 15) a Laden gel phat ed okey Lad Ayyetell sas If Sad Rel Lanak ay GAU yather cp got Larabee fool gph 2k By ofan gpa asd gab te Aleta Sel eet ot Bal bg gated gil lend! goed gt productivity AY of et ph dae tad Bb Rm GolKtald Ol ppt Leepae gay hth co) gasglal RUD A gael 3 ell ode Coot diy Layne Ol etl Gee ah MIST Kae ob Su itd etl Lanse td sll Rptell Slee bytonl JS Gaal 2 gh ale Gaodt go Gale Gu UAL. OF de LO altel ye Ayalice Be yates ct ES pny shal sh og tle Doe vagal let gal aged 2 dst 7.1.1.3 ft digs cH gall Colynll Gtk, SASL pyle ity 5 Agel Reyaally CRAIN pe sler gigi EA sith doped camber TAS, 3g Gil pl de ptolly tall iby gap Lab Leyte Gl Teephatly sonall Eagteall Latel sb spo Galt yb Ryall ford ely be glial § BU ible yi Lbith CF al Lede JS Cogn dt SAS - Slob: - aple Legh 7 pes cg deal y gbey tell oy pal ee hail alee ge gots el Mola GUL 2S" Gall! pata cara ty (69) Chomsky, 1957, p. 13. «70359 Ti cdl ny ep LS cad cle lll ole das ps DS al tenth Se ppt ple eh ll Lee ars cAgialny La LST gba age yell Lb aati eS els 2.3 tate JEM tee ptall — 1.2.3 Chg AB LAT a eg GS 94) 25 Kewell WN GLASSY OF Ob tal ad Les ale 25 5 bb A LN SLL 8 5S Leal Sir William p35 oly Gila SM! [pelea tas comparative philology Best gd ated eee poll GLAS Lge ol cg ill (1794 . 1796) Jones et Uebel fp Nats ag Saal a Ob esl sil ple ob te i eal ow Mil ib gly REV aN well EM, op tell Ry dtl da kl SLL! a1 ber a Of Gedo ode py cola Yt pe (2 Charles Darwin cy asia sled Lay ge Law siti (1868 - 1821) August Schleicher rot cam ey] Lis az eb Lp oleall pnt a opty «(Comempadium 4293) fae gb onl by B59 Ree Vlei Lb UES ug la 2) ye delid sce ah A clad bf ad Les Sa Sllly cguyalt Ul ge amy 1863 Sab OF ge Sag GMS Se NSA OB 92 V5 PPR pall (Sho LEaH oda Cele apie clesty Ugly ats Uy eee gredk oylS cpilyd bed Oly daa yite liad oye Crptril cubilyinll Gans OF pve Gb be bith Cote fol ye all Ultisly clips BF Kent FLU) elie Opuale gare (71D Tye C1996 co yrae Ma ane PAL JD 25 hj deme tees cy pbetly Gell:ALM GH Jee ; ; ed th pb alte gots I) Ladd bt cAAll plas] ual Raat be AU Ug, glass clk Mb gle ett Oa asd oe: Glad dle gylast toe ol phe ge dled! pe kee li! het ES ala i pat gh cgdel Voie UI gall LI weld ol (1832 . 1787) Rasmus Rask Lily papel Sa cdapuall god gee ye gh ala Gg] a yglas hy lala y dds SST poi well Baal AU Sad 25 pasha SU GL OU Perso fepnalls apty lgee de dct Lal os dah ipeles! oh cll pol a apd! 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I sath Gye prot A gO gull Bib ol bile dat ode gat Als Os pall gle LS J RU) Gia yay opto pull Ob oe add No Gpecte pb dele phe ge LIS Med calles tt dala ar alls le daly Geol) pe aS ils de cls lane Vy tee pe ope AS peld LAS ill hae aly ASUS pete aly « plealt aN eyed Of Duy Caos flail head Iplad cee Be jlace Ob nee PD Ral gh Sal par gd LS MS per SE NAS ging ee ASN dap Gb Me OB GL uty ke ey CG ea tg : eli Ups SI Really 2S AM ye aso che phe gol Uy ill go taghlth cobalt Soke a pandas INT es yiemal OL Gly cally e Spall Ola ptaall tye ge eel gel gl Ob abel Gt tel ge pe all ke Ree yes Lk sl SNS ARDS Kage lly Gedy cle pend gt bel] Lael Tole A211 1997 eddy OD61 tl dale sprall Se gels Gam as spall dle Gi elle 54 sS gels gl Grimnen’s Law pape O gilt Gye Le yal gill ole pgatly Bg OULU gb tel nel oe Lib jell UL veill cpt Sl pall cry phe agg Cdl pel pall aol is SIG gl OL pay Lays Wb] bs Phaplology qgiiedl dnb Ys assimilation (7a eR, HE pad yeh ale MY Ope pill ad aged aby CHAM es BLL "borrowing 31 aig «analogy P. A. M, Scuren, Western Linguistics: An Historical Introduction (Oxford: (73) Blackwell Publishers Lid, 1993) p. 83-4. Gales AST of Rinse be) SSlecall toll or ge Ut Le foul ou tll tel (74) TG notte y 080 oaichlaHT cee gb LS Gl Ris 3 sl Lape altel ty o & J sdety aad ah Aled! ull je-¥i ty noes Gee Lyons, jewy\ aly ygl Engladand Uylat ait England 3 SLL - 1981: 207-8) SUEY ps pl amalogia Li 201 LAS I analogy soley! cllantall tyne (75) UL eke clase Sah GS Rye S dpeal (ALA 3 5U) Ob iy - regularity sgutll SLB gd egal all us aot tealy Hee cagdly tel pills sete dy FO patteall layettal gf gall pully ca Upely caidl bb Y ey ed Atos detegll aeladt peel i te etl OA gd as the 25a 3H yilly pySmeaS ALO pled ob ALON A gd ey ill YI BAS) pele of y Neogrammarians sind) sleill « Sik. 4 sound-laws LGN acl ete! fléctl oP UN IL hal LEY ya jaa GLY whe Od di AN By piled Lek Get ty pela G lege ATW ay cdaeall Sm af jump ys 0 jumped 5 us ath Bl ke Stat baal tae SAN Sado LoS ctl pall gb > AyD) SN bola oe allt cae al null Slat of et 55 ctide oy AeA nodes ising py Gata SHgeRD SLR ha glee ope aye cot ke sr ghee bol ol) yl na Wed OU pirlaay Lesar MeL yell plbiatel ib peal! gays lt AD uspsSU fe _ & latbh pyre ailydiy 6 IU gashl gait ge OLS mall Slee is Spel ats pre I Ubly ote tH Oa OS eat oe ill Ni dydhis colada, puely goed gle ped Ab 6 J Wall spb Loic emetonymy (pu pall jl coerendy cicrath panaiee pte ote qgeell shill cA) Legis 2ST ott yalie ols metaphor Ley Sony aby C1931) Stern Opie dy le Me ibe iad 3 YY Sale RAE gle ght Sie IVAN kl oll B fpe GT Seaton yp webs ntine pl AG peal yall pAU fie goed gle SLA) oye Ue pene faded cll Y clean AUT ot ol oe oS Lege Gb phat 6 yall pent cb Spee lel opt pet eke dames OU Uae a Vall Repel Qt le dee Ee th SILA eee if heed Udy Ny Hepes teal phe okey gill Gallet jouutt Jp dy gl doe, Jb Lygskens OF La glty COLI el dela” yay eatymology [bi RARE gle BLS SLA GH Metie LAU pegelaSl LU! aed Le Wi yhady Ugo oft ase gh LS Welped Goody sHOlp grate ghia gl jel Hl gid coe jbl! A) Pa Le yd ede! pele OF ga Ling chelp all ye poled Ene Mad pd YAS LS fee yl i IU ph Le So leet Jl Aarts dive jy gel dived (Jy dove 5 plum, LG pI olegl pib dSles +See Lyons, 1981; 201-3 gd gia gp lal WA add sey cg Fl dab ge al yl clyll Lae Le id Gb) ys borrowing (a1 SY! (76) skiriy skills esky Joo) sk gb aS Pegtall OLS go LAS Up be! al sit a pllt ph LAS SD pel pak pends BN ell gy VHA! Coleg 2) So ay TE RNY ST LG I) at ES pall (nA pa all gad LIS (Shed Sec Lyons, 1981: » ships (shirt) god gb Ul ye las RAL ot pall ” 206 Sce Scuren, 1998: 83. m™m Lyons, 1981: 53, (ye)63 ial) cilabeey! tb ab Sims doll ob allel! Mia ols id Vly dade RelS aye Grit gg cde pple eee pe Gal aD Geen: ace t UST gtr] ot Yt vptci> fig gt gall etumos 1 eH cae BARN Ob pt CAS Gotha aelill Ball § LES fall geal oda ily dothel ody Genk Bdke Jyually cllall DIS be BAS gb A plbally SE gee Bobs MN peal ol OLY hae Asia oF Opes ily oh pl Gell lke fishy Leal aly cbaab sSylially «Shall Gn Kala BLM 3 gold LUM phe Agbal Uddol veal) baled gol ads aad ctu all ol cell Gaus ube tay Dghay gid gigionll Laine US gle oly ot LEN fed List TN ball ly ay ot) USN Sy Rngglall Gili oye tigi I) doe Ub cotyimological fallacy asks asst GY lan Le ge gst Bgtre BS SV st steel deel lf apd be Lule Ob Open whe ob ale cals LS Ladle oS ol pty alee ab My cae fh sadnim the oyey iemall 2) al al 3 feed ode Gi sory Y= Enel odie ale pg be py pact (sell ce loll (3 dels Mex Gaol Say ee pall Os nly Le Stel pling thet ge dag y Was pla) paell O95) Wi dlcet a Et GSA clear hep pgs! cS ely (1328 728) 2s NY Gee Abe als ph GA) ll Tee jhe lel pice ple Lee tel ob (1950-751) a5 pat Ball rol ce cut Gye ge Sealy Gabe ce jooasll Bg BT de Canto Gee Last day be ope y pes Lyons, 1981; 55. (9) See Yunis ali, 2000: 110, <0)re 64 ct ASN abe Spe plete eee htbI OB AT oR ees ell gle aby cpm phe puke Oil gb Laat LyeS eget ce pall Le ph amg COU pee potato hj Lay La Ghd dole OLS Lae gl Fale tangs gad ge J Leb Gaba of cael SLL ope Le tree US ech Le Cage Gell Lee ty clap tll die she Leelee Cab 9h BND geht Lely Geel lank EUR ge pel des lll ISH gine UT pale cig gb dale Gy sll a play ete qualall OM STEEN Wek Ley Ugh eel SN get ob gar YA ET pees (RUN obs ct gull eg ALG tye a) Le ells be) ya Spe T AD chad, sh elghet a ye pall the pe gh pnts FAL OLS, Pe gS Ny gees gb ake] Giger eed AF LMS che 980 OT le UaecS Babel of lg dee CS Sl Qty plat LIS abe dey 9 Sey LaS mA ai gay TELE file latter Ua ope path et ade oe SANS je CSay Sf tlt cles call Gee tlh aah ptll le — AY pe RapleM po geet ll tiem sF cten gif Lal tte de plniN! ten fobs Se ye LaLa Apjphes Yl) LAS peat oT Seas Regtill LEY Says Gag MW leds lee del GIS, Bile Gat sil aad cl) qed af gpa Y Sy ten Lael andy cdekm tho iG ely Oyaig: V petbad cab gl ob Sebel Of Ile AP gles till on ge dale ag eat fg Ut ose af gh be Jy coll 2 ges pall thy pee gl aL sit LIS ae ol oper ye bell Misys al star a lell qgtell Sal aad spol eal Gb ete Lady Sse DW bal why edcal ll Lal yer endl GM pega yo ayes Lyoos, 1981: 55-6. (65 JL label rMygodl Ra ytall — 2.2.3 GAS doe 5 ye ll de ls I) 2 structuralism & 421 sede By arly pat ll struere Gass LSM ye by L structure ool Rapp tell dyes ter pepe go geld GLUE Gy Gjaahl table che thy heal ll lel Ally pled bel tll ot jena a} play cial Oh ge TAU Lily i uk gil Lalas peepee 93 SS pl Macee lap ghty Gob! daly oo WaT ole IS pad ob age att hg Raley Opler be Lye gor ylt OF sls 05T) eqageell the le eSly Way ghhy GRU UG Gel Leylay dyes Gilg Ue gb Talll kel Ly eile) OL ll ge id ope os ey Nee pple UE JEU Lar ol ely Aah ats potty age eh platted yy Aad! SUAS Lie y dad prbs vival oT Ras tne IS dy coe al thea caaatly 6 ey glhy cca wn) eel chi aly chen, US ot Lpdery yer tum Halll ao prt ob Kay AIMS, Chott cldel ye ge Gils le» VLe Upbol se ge Aone IS od age Y gi bl indy 3 ol Sy Ct ees IS oll Ope Uh ers sll Ge plell Syed ce Mle tke OT LaSag fe cles gh clge ys gf cddlall GT suey cifpball gael sb IS cdl gy Oye Land lees WLW lel ae Sl aa} Waly sige T gl okey the ye ye No ghee Laphah a ghis ogh all MISS AS Le al) Eger O59 Ulm e IS od Lptne! Of ee hy - eck BPAY Sago) Kar ae el Gay lil ale See Lyons, 1981: 54. (2)AL oe ; “ plat Y be Sheer BP ake Gals Syetets Lette EAL pal Sie | Ob Wy Loe SU of US BLU pe CLS US ly Ue pall ye Aaleiee ting lh oye gett oth LY obo ads OF ae gl SL of lle aa ees of nll 3 et 3D) plKia ettcs Gl gyal parall dike ye Lay (gill ya Lotesal patna paint Hall OB yg AY al polall (5 Uh dda (gall wet GNI pli oes Uli OF Say dl tee Sle dope poll sf PONY oye oy SEL stot, GSN OU cae ally CULL call cody pth ad Ge pe deal Gb GSN ON WISAy Bye pall TAU) OY GU! gaint ge Silty Gb pHing cd) Gaal Gedy Gaal op tet be gle illay (aod eg sl) Gl StL) co na be gas Sell go GV of Up ea Ys ple aL, GL dal SS tens of spill oySay GUS che oly GILL G8 Coot gol) ple Gels GT oe sas og FM OSG td pats OLY pu Ug od Res aby JS OLS cose Meat ce pad Soden appa lee Byte the J pad grail JLo OLIVE GH ATL Ub Gb Ly Bre ge atoll fb haat of Ag A GM Gy ate le yay pt apes LAL JS ot ba aes OT hay ot ge ete ej oF ape gee 39 B55 gy be gay cLyoltell (gs ails oe Meal = GT ge ot Sey glee y CH! lab es AU UA EbLzel Layo tne ys te AT UA ge te I yee ALB gle Ly Shy (ALSGE dale! Ob LO lL telel cad 2 UL bene Aggadil poltall Se lenelh plas gle CHAS pelacy GIVI pli gle Gul Loy BM poll De oy flaall Gay Dey obas ode Eyal f Lol paallé67 LD ceil FE aS dS y higeall Aol Lb ag eV) plea gle yey Coe Bae the al aol dy all Ua Cy yr Ley Mey cigdL dh 5 pall vig oll b ploall lai SAH panied all FOS Gg oi) pls autos 3 Lay Sy! BAR, Lad stoc; Jp cdakstl ob SVE) Gthal We OU SL pee QU Sine Key SL HOLS oye okey gl val gh pone ates OL) itay A OL aul yet ol jp V Sy WTBe gb BSL OS Laid Gore os pid pain) cpr) 3} i perenall SU cone eel) dal als pl ky oles Gay ALL 6 ob YY, YI tera gilyll ges cal ye fake oe gk pl dalll OL Saghedll CITI Glnsey ein) Ob Sey a prea Ula Lia ot je Se AL aL april po ge al Laue GU ye pt Ley ey Oke, Lead gil betead tla) gf op ek ge al aye Sl ph Bla ce la iy Ye gb Lasil Gals pine dled dey ol TOLLS ae tall i ty ine Lad as (USS gil Ehegll dS SDs ppbS call Lym tieds GAM cpeeratetll Rhyne ST tee salt plat GY Ua) ode Bb CLD opeatell tage Y Spall ine, gl og gal JS gael glee cell to peat AAU Ga sf) plas tpl Gidke ‘Y UL. ae Fat, Opry — oN obelal IE © oye geil OB ce | tales aelacal AS 61D pASHy aU Cone erty) lente! sl opal Y cole WB deb GUN sD) dy Lede sat ayer 52 dpe of Lad bh cerslht all 5] © eT oe Nghgn TB ed 6 fee yea Lee pre gl ttt halle cad tea yell elate lead oe Bg KS OT he Conk sped Wy clit gh clga gs tee Lop licnSt J) foe . & Riel cull! phe eelsLa slot e Ahad 6 atte po SLL pill Ce re 4 microlinguiatios Peed Azgera Lay dalh pel a pas gb Bale SU el cla ey wale Bh ee pepe acy LS JE gd Mijetmsley ioe ppg tall glory Castell ces gimall 31) paymdl ham ge CY ST) Shall techy cglossemation OIL ae be Led Lyte GGT pple af peal JWGYE AUG (fo pl decletall ype Ugilellnes taghs «let peal das tpl Vale GGL pes ped SILAS yay ajoned gil TYG ad gk le gid Feb peepee ge ESL eae cd pi als head iygctdl cata leag at gle gall Lad zdall oye OWS Leggy Ogle: GAM Sei getell BT AS ce VE ABIL pyerge ga Seley Lad Gd ge Farge cole) I Ma aga AGS GUSLIL, ree ake eA We fe lyregially chewball dal aally AS, oY gtd cr pal cpeely gS glad dell Mey so dom GL Aske ObF gill aLiagl Laat, SES pb ASL LH gh ge te ly Cr Ay Watson SL gd etal cprilend UG ae] OLS) eMLanguage” "aL" Shee saLb Lae OLE VL coe tall 22 go US WU) gb a sbaSY) oe Yay tee yell TLL pgalecal bie OM pate aslyals vie carla Ghat go a Kell by AW SLU be hg et lial ele ge Anal Gling edaadlly LLM, ills See Lyons, 1981; 220-1 483) Robins: 1997, 226. ea)0 ASLAM Salabanr Og al dye ge AGL Gell Repeat ag sell Gino gl oe Conall Lae ole (Il tbe gly Les Rela GLE gee Jy gol als OI aay Le pepe Une ai tomell pS epee ia Gli Ot ae alo pide ool} pede ot cel AP UB cal catuats OS GUI foowell cle gcc sys ASW Gl beens tata AM oo ale aH gb OMe albedo Jor tle! SalLel gab ge oS ye SUI cod) Ga td uel fie obF we shaky ta dh Abell god glleie gh ala geil oye OS Ay Gd Hara LS cel gl eee gl MN Ogle Ogi Ly oT cael immediate constiment analysis Ubi 235i O23 [ley Gay be amte axel LUG Age Jay ote opin lees lian ab yo ci Bed ple padse og yAlll Glee gli Led cy db distributionalists pron 3 pt ey gle Aadleal! OLS pall og Phonemes Glial jpop dag bIL ON oye bl gles OM gee hd! CLS ll gb morphemes oli peel GLE ai tell SLUT po olga ghad ye py Sad AB Harrin cpap sha OP handy dB SAN gyal fect le Lam Lgsell SAP! Ra Le pall 3.2.3 keep! pe functionalism By Lede GE oe eel be ot yet fe SF Lele USB Lal ga AS Og Lye Robins: 1997: 2267,” (Bs) Robins, 1997; 243. (86) Robins, 1997:239. @n Robins, 1997:239. (aR)SL I pee . . 70 Bacall oy glad ae OB Wy dys ge bee Lala fs gill aL JS Se pod OL = plas fete gall pL LLY oetall Ball og 21 jg OF laste ALA eal ope Lae ye MAb Le yaall jeasty oe eh get ANB SL dey Sne QIN, ali, olaall Qt SAN etl Mea ie Gin US iy OPS asd ol oleae et Regi oF ye Oyepetcll QU BF oad taper 52 ale Neto AAU se Ae pel) ye Jal aes ald o> Pe ce Sheil yee ob Lab Sh Le apy paths Mites eee loll od MN UG Yqiagt ell dab gly cad fer cll Bleenlly edygalJt dol Sle lt oi oP gical cls Pay cya eal Prague School pls i jas tay Prague 23LAUN ply dale glared ob Le ptell ada celts iy alll data ‘Vile Mathesius pa szile gil Spstall bell] Igual ll Linguistic Circle Sesh gle gear gb Lad Ae tlh park oly (1045 1882) AT EU d Opel yee ph Led elt bbe By gd Geaciall 0 pe gatle By ery dale La MST cil geel Lendl 29S shty Lyilsy Eva Hajicova li ySla Usly «Petr Spall Mew yy palit Os oT Opis ped OU) bp ee Sy a lla Go fy ape cle Ul G/U 192 seed yh ot Lary ALU fy Atle eld gb Lae ye pl Lae repels andl pene ptt Oat gts OM deg tN bg te ASS 5 ail ob tits ol gay cdlagdd LEB MBS Gy Lyons, 1981; 224, (39) Seuren, 1998; 158. 0)a BAW elles! Maoh) Fb Wa fc 223.209 {alizel functional sentence perspective Gaol) dye. yi 6 a ud Sym pte pall all lg gd Stat Cts ctl Lote Qala Loita) Ele go Unda SAY Gis cpredicate Jyarally csubject ¢ ya yall Abt Bae Lele BLE gb a bpn oll CLS geil Anton Marty 31 355 ALE JRE gb eS ye gts fe aby ATL ada A ak blue Ba gh Need f GAS pBy tll al (2) Bpedlh Aegecalh yet GA gd LAE cell Ree pe LEU onl 17126 11996 oyu, (96)7 ILA Canin bath el yb YI Upellins (ay pital) dels BA, 3 pt Sy Chane ba CU OY tga Al ell od pe eel ede td) cide oll Geel id pall ast yall oy plbsetadl By pip eaS ll Ue te go JU Jad doled oe Gla! ayry lad og ll olay Lely cane phe UYAL (a5) Linda 4g) alae Ct apdonal poemall Lie gle el gail ope Malball oie Gabe das eC JAAD Jaall Beers (5 y SB) Lerenell dle gil Ege pty) clue git ag) Wy 6 fel tapes GS) dae thy CUD, eC LM, CLD GU) Ae byes GUDLIY os de pees OG PIN IS fp Le oe asl Sly Gy pBal Gy Gy sD col ayes Ol bad 6G Le dees pall LY pends DY! abe peed dehy omy Ube By SLs Rely ab pally istwell del gill Sigel aor cyt ar Gia EY pel pal Structural discription (gy%2 ioy yamasd Lad gids pal tye GY ee gk AT IS COUT ade See GG IS ele Fas ph Sree ee gl FG IC gle alas OF gay ey pall id hee Gt Highs er Ophea Y gtd all ol he ba 95 ot egal cee Lea fila hee Ob pees fy Jal QyelScall Lpaidcel ll dp yall aba SIAN etm AL Eyer BL) TAL Gly gh Oy jh gb eh gl agin poole APL yES Haile girls egies Elpalt Lerall CulS 13] Lae Oplelacyy eCGaleSe ee aE THN pelle Sl Lim yng Tighe Uye pre OIF af ooh + faa, dab ALU Tlaler Lenecdall GMO ghiley p gift 1Sns . wellsformedness 4 ,A41 Cet tS ache Gilg: Vo pal gay cde zeae! formal languages 4), ai A petlealdl pba GU Lalo od ere eg ia pple C55 iy 205 SF goo! 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Jor cileLevas “AS cintuition duty Je tolazel lll aa ab fe og alll dial 3 clgemery cack! telply 3 ae gl linguistic competence 4 yx!!! transformational-generative gab gu ymcll prc pene lad iy ZUM oye Vg s PSY facet dtd (T-nules) eral sel yi grammar edd JET tiyncll al Baty LES gy Le Sb yal 4! ay Alga Goll affix hopping GLasY! pee Ibe orkyprctl syle ce ee fee peed GLE omgeclly land) poked tall alge gf due Jae B55 pledl, GA pall yy pug Ly GM LG YI ayia iy Seb gW pot plas yet cll Loree pt ol Gil AN tial Aol appl bes gill allancalh ford OF oh gle prall geal on Vay UM ad CALL i at ES pl Tikes Ag, yl Bh 2.4.2.3 deep structures Aaa gt) Nit he Opt tytt sect pps FAWN gelBie IS Ob yd aly Gill Tall Fn ang, Ay gill bina ct be Seb Esha Ce ed ty al at Sas I ISB coe o» Son Lyons, 1981: 125-6. . aa) Sec Rotring, 1997: 261. as)a7 - Hel celal ll BS ode oye poms OF Liars Snail Gy oy Dynde gle as le Jobb BSA ade Apne ceed Real opSiey A tll iyyil ylies dalenalt = Syade — Jolb) sf le dyna — (fed — fel) Lye ob Mtl BC felh — a Dpnin odd gh clay Uyeda. boli paid gT eC ad whe Ob pak fab. fold ay dyede) gh c(joli. fab dyaiad SS fe UL Ally gh LS bog pe weed Malate Ea VL My ce Viae 1 ode COMET Ley gl) yan gry pind lod wat US CARIES 5 5S Gd het oF Glace oo Gyles Soptel all Blaall OW BSA ope pans OL gle BY aU hel aan od Le GLY) tga rd Ob Salt ys ath deed ay UL de Aah ou Nye ype We (1) he (10d Mate theme (2) oka Vy aI so (3) cfiun We Uae Cpe (4) ae Whe pe Ue (5) oe wept Le Nya (6) tga) fold SI We shoal Ot AL eal ye da Ly wel A Le OG eS ole ST cht ay Upaiel OS tee MLE Cy Spada 05) ergey giatell fold O55) ae ie ett tt pene ine ae ne gene gue OY fortmed fal Angle oF Uae ab gl path Ansell (116)eagle . aS ae Lee et oe () chee at we ge po (8) hee sb ee pe en pete (9) Bae ne Serb agree ge ete (10) VN dy dt alee of yb ob Le pagal gay er pak MABe ths bee ge le tgelSe Lette utmcall ay py Le fhe sGtd pl pall easter we sll Viegas Re ge Wipe GN GS 3.4.2.3 ot GBS I GSU y etal LE gtd foal ge pt (das Lae pas A aM IS MN Ey geal fay Baas Lgl od diaall Lay CSL gb Stee AY Ma Sy anda Lk gs Adel GW aa pb gait cael ost pail 1D whee ts peasl (2) hh os pail 9 op oh A wae dl Call (5) wt ead Cal (6) otf ew EL) wks cl (8) edge (99 atl gb Sate Ul Ee Ds Is 1) ARE abt ace tty Upadny oheliy (bab ge wher Le bi Sb be ll Lyellas pL cAabgr tt AS gb tl] GLa GLA IE ge Gules Lue 0) al) GLa, Sot iter BUOY Ob es Uy Slell 9 alee gall OT de tee BLOM Gb ages GEM JEM by cy ye GU ytd a peatall OL gl SSH MES dy SEW gl AU re al al OK a pDll Gine, oF GAM py AUS (le ols — opal OSs ood na LS pls -chellt Sool LS OB CY ID ce feel pay ASU de peel bd call beet a] ie sgl thee ge oe gill db Ugees Wey sle Od Tiglue YI Ugadl pe welt Gp 4 seedl Sy ptt 5 edl dead 6 seg eT Gay 7 rd GR Gla ot eS Ot gs (9)y 08) SY LL, idol Tipenll Yess ol ge Y begd Mel (43) bls coo pelt ae Stell de gee gl OT yee ot pladll ai fa UT ce oY agell GRE a dle)! IE ae dh ol Gast LS PytW gS BUS Lele cel Gay ¢Epeall szerky cual (10) Oe cud CD) = 280 C93 ede ign SA led gurls Bl oMgeate Lay HEM ale Gb ay (117) 83ASLAN pe ” LBs EM 44.23 4B Latictanall shed gill gl gly «prcild agile fobs) gas yee opel gf ELI constituemt-structure Uy Kadt Lal 8 5A pe ye ote well ans be gin pb els 2H distributionatists (papas) poll an 3S of 5 peal sles .post-Bleomfieldian linguistics 4ailas yi crt Stell Grill Of aes preg gti UST ope 35H ge Ul grammar of ola! goui' qe plebel come) stl OI" cyte silly ccpaamy gH ith Smt ghd UD pda age cole gl anes ene ill Tits cgesell Sgrammar of rules 1! yall geet" 2 pe bgt Gand gl dy CATA EL ye) Kay (5S sysemnatically Lnegne OL GAS Bo feed IS oe ded pede ga shay Le Bh GF gai grammar tel yall gle abba (SU oF ay qeleed AA bal Ady pal morphology ime Gy!) Gade gl oLiLullt Ableall deadeall fool gle LelSH le aij si ciple syntax yoy Aalst) Geel ge pbb dip WI aT ge ke ey oe a Gd” wget fetal gett) mtapad aceegd SUE ode oy ccrellm el cre: aol ph Lay cote aig pk seul pol Way cle pally OP BE oles Yi hb Ys cles el ole Y OL he ladh paad View - Ctl Gay Gi lens ego WY dnb, dptelyell selyZH acts Gull pein yo day cdabioth bo5 Glial! ahaa IT CLL day le Leal ce Inger ghee pl Sead ele! Udy Gileall plint)) unfiriendliness [oe LS Cally ‘See Robins: 1597: 264. ag) Lyons, 1981: LIB, Quis)” LW cAabe! che da fete? Rags unfrienddy-ness, 6 Olin ded ye BS sbracketing , pu itl 2 dE aot oot hierarchical structure ize gl 4450! Symtally CO) SAI i LAS) thee ell Usted yer Jeall ol SPPEDY SAH LS) treediagram 5 JSS 3 lps gl {{un-[friend-ty]}- ness] (1) ja un friend [ y ] mess (2) Joti eat ye Aged actly CO pene i sal Ue tee yell ailpad yay ule Opi py sab IY) og ets gh cp oll WAU poll Leh assy Coyne gol Lytle ta unftiendliness L153 tel yall pdr EUS eh tLe On ce pet Hees Ap od te Sly gee pee hal] Of AUS y adjectives lial le ness 12 Wi BLal, Lj baw! an Glad] Ll alec yl Go tate i pe lee ye (pe) al fee un US Cpa) jo paar OLS jpeg JRE ip AeLpdl aia platy linet ty Gal spe USL (untriendtiness Jeo) slot op» ditlbasl aan ae Ud pep oF See gl Cunriend 24) LY ge Lag Lyons, 198): 119, (20)alll a Je 92 SESW) oy Rael, WLs fF Lee pad Ob oSiey Tey eo lyt peed opt the ae apts elem ye telveall clinall dle Ty dol9 Ob asf Cyan pill ge col IS Of acta! oie Gaj2%9 unfriendly gg Bae Use send ll lL a YE fe pay Lee laced Sa (Say GD) pst ge OLALSH IS OF eli) oie pouty 1) iy abe SRN tele Ue send all Sie inne ding Shag por — MESS + Se (2) Pa oye peal co Lie unfriendly p55 cpt Gnas ness Slall | agi -uniriendliness ee ee Hn G) cyt ol tage aie Ute unttiondly ¢o95 oye Gens un Gla} Ol agi -"Ponuniriendly gs suntciendly ¢ 9 cle bead Slat db pall is gimell gle Kell All 155 Gelat LS, eS gdb OLS per GIL gta obo ugh gpl spall aapeeely hed eS oe pee GI on the wooden table 6 jatel eS tly 6Con) ppd dpe pe Oy Say ail oes prepositional phrase efthe) ay acl aT ope Galle, gL (the wooden table) noun phrase, gel {table} ool ly (wooden) Udall ye OySell (wooden table) (5-5 Lyons, 1981: 119-20. ay93 Fall celal [on[thefwooden tablel]] (3) JM El] &) Es (4) jes Spt all py pela ns gael chgced oe atest a pbaedty eS BU Ce) fell slaty Table agi gh eel, Bate tages JeW aS 5) (6 Op cael ed GE OP el DG walt i Ga Dy cial (ye)s 1 Lyons, 1981: 121-2. 122)et _. . . aM fy giz ¢ oallel the] [» [2 wooden] [} tablellI} (5) Jib gc [= (6) joan sgddgll gocll past gill pigh 5.4.2.3 Spb AE gts egy Oy Ke gtd bgedd ah ted ath oe Byala Achss (95 cfinite-state grammars daytomcedl Jol al selys —t alae ake Gockel BUST ye ced feral oye ole ot ode ods gle wag ppl oe Camel ell eday coaell dale Lynd dels oe cgil tela coy phrase structure grammars W225 jr a2, telys _ 2 etel gill oye fold ote Syrlety Jared ope gad ake del yt LS peas Cal preiall ye Le gh eng I SY ow od pe gd poy = dg all 9 Vy cake gill Jat poseteny ou petal oe Yad5 ALU clay wall ll casa ca ~ tapas BS Abaca! ges el gh SF wget Se Ul Lgl CSS opt Heel ade cathe 2 Vs nell ie Lic, opt Se lial Med per pt Agama eld Legecll wel pill oba earls Tage Sle UE (gle jel GLUE I dell cee felt oh tel hal eek 1 al a Ray AN OS pl da AEE oe Tg atte Qa IW ye, teal ot oS ste J pus Sa i ell oe wh SS eget SoS F — Herdl pe pel leh ee a hl — el OS Gasd Gypsy esl 53) wl SF di eb Se wel SFr i yy ole ST wee Cally wget pall (123)ee 96 aqeell set gai Leomals «je ccc eg} + pul ve (Rabis clef ple pul {oh} La pelt atl ve bue che} — dell ve taehe bad sss} pall sedge eh all oe HES bel Sk DT AD ID ye ford gs OF tel pill odge eoleeety pel ll ley Fae ob eel le ene gO gehen all Ml cand cad! CD lS nel aig 2) aby gly WISH (3) Lope We Satebs dnbli (4) sal Us gh, le (5) abl 25 pie HIS (6) Aa ue alee Le sly pivall 3g) (7) agly Uablit yh (8) chy dolwe (9) Hay pi Joba (10) Abad ab bib ede 6 sll ici aels pect Y poliall jaa sled de recursion BaLeYL har Le ploadle oon le (BY Gail Saf altel gay daaginty salen pyle} 4 yall eke WU OF steel oh) peat agrees ele ME) aea Aeiteal labs) Gb ame oy NE ce gs) cD pts st ghd Ob Kany (lee iS Waee doles Le esd joel aybi ae transformational grammar: Aly yi) ol yl ce peal ya polit Galles ll debe! Oy SLU! deo tN ey Lhd Lela Ga Legere Yel elpail ge has SA hey et ge Raemell sll (dbase sill pally Ree eet ope BG LY dae pba feel Se erly bp slh ford HIS y slygreell Ligedh forls eg plead Mel ala fle Tells gb Baal 4 gy LS Help il abe nem lel canta JRA GB Eat yw Bb Je Coal ASI path Jat AS cep gD Spee penal pa cy petal A925 alan 9 Glull way ge wyetl ebtd tele le (1) ab U dele le cyend @) Bes pels Se PSR pln Ne sed nS Fat jb poss be Yule, 1996; 106-7, See Yule, 1996: 106-7. (1a) (iis)ARS Jee ; 98 SANE ptt al ale pa MLA! TA FLA I) GLaL, slexical functional grammat tomas! d4b gli wel yall ye Glislatll ob joy - generalized phrase structure grammar Leeaell GS ll ig del gis cao! slarely cigdygmcll Well oe pala) Ob NI oly bet alle Tot taht waited gle ASUS hema atlas le Legis see al ay el gies Clue y a feel pigll pee le all cdyley ccgaell ge yeu! Atel GLW Says oleet ge teal set yA AS ted om gb Ugctlany «deal the ger bls M) GLESI BSN ay 6 Sa pt gy SUE gl Rae Tiga 2 Sh Lemna Lick sSi AAU pli cies (8) Vda OS Y dye abe of gt ell Bega BAN gt pale AU Gay) ad i IS Sy gull 7 sama TandolH dun jball 5.2.3 RAB I Lestall apg VS cll dubbicd) etal all as Tope Ghia Lp genteel spat) donee dS rll sith ola ols pont pL (J traditional model of communication black! (ggasi Peete gS db ab GLAM ard yale Kany a abbiall dled gerli dears TAU gS pth lh Ebel Glial ye Uje gb Keel a SF tay tel ULad 4b fale lle willy bles ioe dtaaly MEN dlae gle Halll Litlby pady

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