Periodic Table of the Elements

GROUP 1
IA
S1/2
2.2

Hydrogen

0.0899
-259.14
(v) 37

13.5984
-252.87
-

2
IIA

1s
+1,-1

6.941

Li

S1/2
0.98

Lithium

0.535
180.54
(m) 152

1.848
1287
(m) 112

[He] 2s
+1
22.989770

11

Na

0.93

0.968
97.72
(m) 186

5.1391
883
BCC

Period

0.82

0.856
63.38
(m) 227

4.3407
759
BCC

0.82

1.532
39.31
(m) 248

4.1771
688
BCC

S1/2

Rubidium

[Kr] 5s1
+1
132.90545

Cs

0.79

1.879
28.44
(m) 265

3.8939
671
BCC

S1/2

Cesium

12

Mg

1.31

1.738
650
(m) 160

7.6462
1090
HCP

S1/2

0.7

4.0727
[Rn] 7s1
+1

Gas

20

S0

40.078

Ca

1.00

1.55
842
(m) 197

6.1132
1484
FCC

Alkali Metals

Noble Gas
Halogens

Transition Metals

Non Metals

Poor Metals

[42]

3
IIIB

21

D3/2
1.36

Scandium

2.985
1541
(m) 162

6.5615
2830
HCP
1

Sr

0.95

2.63
777
(m) 215

5.6949
1382
FCC

39

S0

Strontium

[Kr] 5s2
+2
137.327

56

44.955910

Sc

S0

87.62

Ba

0.89

3.51
727
(m) 222

5.2117
1870
BCC

D3/2
1.22

Yttrium

4.472
1526
(m) 180

6.2173
3345
HCP

0.9

5
700
-

5.2784
1737
BCC

Actinide
Series

Notes:
3
3
- Density units are g/cm for solids and g/L or kg/cm at
0 Celsius for gases
- Atomic Weight based on 12C
- ( ) indicate mass number of most stable isotope
- Common Oxidation States in bold
- Electron Config. based on IUPAC guidelines
- indicates crystal structure is unusual or may require
explanation
- (m) Metallic radius, (v) Covalent radius

Periodic Table of the Elements

Design by Vertex42.com
2011 Vertex42 LLC. All rights reserved.

6.8281
3287
HCP

Titanium

40

Zr

3
F2
1.33

6.511
1855
(m) 160

6.6339
4409
HCP

Zirconium

[Kr] 4d2 5s2

+4
178.49

Hf

1.3

13.31
2233
(m) 159

6.8251
4603
HCP

F2

Hafnium

F2 ?

Rutherfordium

5
VB
50.9415

F3/2
1.63

Vanadium

6.11
1910
(m) 134

[Ar] 3d 4s
+2,3,4
91.224

Rf

[Rn] 7s2
+2

References:
Nist.gov, *Wolfram.com (Mathematic),
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
81st Edition, 2000-2001, and others

4.507
1668
(m) 147

23

[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2

+4
(261)
104

S0

Radium

F2
1.54

72

(226)

Ra

Ti

[Kr] 4d1 5s2

+3

Lanthanide
Series

47.867

6.7462
3407
BCC
3

41

D1/2
1.60

Niobium

8.57
2477
(m) 146

6.7589
4744
BCC

[Kr] 4d4 5s1

+3,5
180.9479

Ta

F3/2

1.5

Tantalum

16.65
3017
(m) 146

7.5496
5458
BCC

6
VIB

24

51.9961

Cr

S3
1.66

7.14
1907
(m) 128

6.7665
2671
BCC

Chromium

[Ar] 3d 4s
+2,3,4,5
92.90638

Nb

73

Source: physics.nist.gov

Common Constants

mu

[Ar] 3d 4s
+2,3,6

42

Mo

7
S3
2.16

10.28
2623
(m) 139

7.0924
4639
BCC

Molybdenum

74

[Kr] 4d5 5s1

+2,3,4,5,6
183.84

2.36

19.25
3422
(m) 139

7.8640
5555
BCC

D0

Tungsten

54.938049

Mn

S5/2
1.55

Manganese

7.47
1246
(m) 127

95.94

7
VIIB

25

-27

1.660539x10 kg
6.022142x1023 mol-1
2.718281828

e
k
me
mec 2
r0
eV
e
F
a
2 p hc 2

7.4340
2061
cubic
5

1.380650x10-23 J/K
-31
9.10938215x10 kg
0.5110 MeV
2.8179403x10-15 m
1.602176x10-19 J
1.602176x10-19 C
96 485.3399 C/mol
0.0072973525

26

Tc

75

S5/2
1.9

7.28
4265
HCP

[Kr] 4d5 5s2

+4,7
186.207

Re

S5/2

1.9

Rhenium

21.02
3186
(m) 137

55.845
D4
1.83

7.874
1538
(m) 126

7.9024
2861
BCC

Iron

7.8335
5596
HCP

44

27

5
F5
2.20

12.37
2334
(m) 134

7.3605
4150
HCP

Ruthenium

[Kr] 4d7 5s1

+2,3,4,6,8
190.23

Os

F9/2
1.88

8.9
1495
(m) 125

77

D4

2.2

8.4382
5012
HCP

F9/2
2.28

Rhodium

12.45
1964
(m) 134

7.4589
3695
FCC

[Kr] 4d8 5s1

+2,3,4
192.217

Ir

F9/2

2.2

Iridium

22.65
2466
(m) 136

8.9670
4428
FCC

[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2

+5
(262)
105

[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2

+2,3,4,5,6
(266)
106

[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2

+2,4,6,7,-1
(264)
107

[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2

+2,3,4,6,8
(277)
108

[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2

+2,3,4,6
(268)
109

Dubnium

Seaborgium

Bohrium

Hassium

Meitnerium

Db

Sg

Bh

Hs

10
VIII

28

58.6934

Ni

F4
1.91

8.908
1455
(m) 124

7.6398
2913
FCC

[Ar] 3d 4s
+2,3
102.90550

Rh

p
h
m e/m p
R
R c
R hc
ch/k
c

Nickel

7.8810
2927
HCP
7

45

Osmium

22.61
3033
(m) 135

58.933200

Co

[Ar] 3d 4s
+2,3
101.07

Ru

76

9
VIII

Cobalt

Technetium

11.5
2157
(m) 136

8
VIII

Fe

(98)

Second Radiation Constant

Speed of Light in a Vacuum
Speed of sound in air at STP
Standard Pressure

3.7417749x10-16 W m2

[Ar] 3d 4s
+2,3,4,6,7

43

G
R

Gravitation Constant
Molar Gas Constant
Molar Volume (Ideal Gas)
PI
Planck Constant
Proton-Electron Mass Ratio
Rydberg Constant

-273.15 C

Electron Radius (Classical)

Electron Volt
Elementry Charge
Faraday Constant
fine-structure constant
First Radiation Constant

Metalloids

4
IVB

22

[Ar] 3d 4s
+3
88.90585

S0

88

Solid Synthetic

Rare Earth Metals

Calcium

38

Liquid

Alkaline Earth
Metals

[Xe] 6s2
+2

Francium
-

[Ne] 3s2
+2

[Xe] 6s1
+1

87

13
IIIA

Absolute Zero
Atomic Mass Unit
Avogadro Constant
Base of Natural Logarithms
Boltzmann constant
Electron Mass

Mt

46

6.67428x10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2

-1 -1
8.314472 J mol K
0.02241410 m3/mol
3.14159265358979

63.546

Cu

S1/2
1.90

8.92
1084.62
(m) 128

[Ar] 3d 4s
+2,3
106.42
1
S0
2.20

12.023
1554.9
(m) 137

8.3369
2963
FCC

Palladium

[Kr] 4d10
+2,4
195.078

Pt

2.28

21.09
1768.3
(m) 139

8.9588
3825
FCC

D3

Platinum

[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1

+2,4
(281)
110

Ds

7.7264
2927
FCC
10

47

Ag

S1/2
1.93

Silver

10.49
961.78
(m) 144

79

13

{42}

65.409

Zn

S0
1.65

7.14
419.53
(m) 134

9.3942
907
hex

Zinc

10

48

[Kr] 4d10 5s1

+1
196.96655

[Ar] 3d 4s
+2
112.411

Cd

1
S0
1.69

8.65
321.07
(m) 151

8.9938
767
hex

Au

2.54

19.3
1064.18
(m) 144

9.2255
2856
FCC

S1/2

Gold

80

[Kr] 4d10 5s2

+2
200.59

Hg

S0

Mercury

[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1

+1,3
(272)
111

Rg

Darmstadtium Roentgenium

P1/2

1.61

13.534
-38.83
(m) 151

31

5.9858
2519
FCC

[Ne] 3s2 3p1

+3
69.723

Ga

P1/2
1.81

Gallium

Cadmium

7.5762
2162
FCC

Aluminum

12
IIB

10.4375
356.73
rhom.

[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2

+1,2
(285)
112

Cn

Copernicium

5.904
29.76
(m) 135

[Ar] 3d 4s 4p
+3
114.818

49

In

P1/2
1.78

Indium

7.31
156.6
(m) 167

5.7864
2072
tetra.

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1

+3
204.3833

81

Tl

P1/2

1.62

Thallium

11.85
304
(m) 170

2.55

2.26
3550
(v) 77

11.2603
4027
hex

P0

14

6.1082
1473
HCP

14.0067

1.90

2.33
1414
(v) 111

8.1517
2900
cubic

15

He

S0

Ge

P0
2.01

5.323
938.3
(v) 122

7.8994
2820
cubic

[Ar] 3d 4s 4p
+2,4
118.710

50

33

Ununtrium

1.429
-218.3
(v) 73

13.6181
-182.9
-

S3/2
2.18

Arsenic
9.7886
614
rhom.
10

[Ar] 3d 4s 4p
+3,5,-3
121.760

7.31
231.93
(v) 141

7.3439
2602
tetra.

6.697
630.63
(v) 138

S3/2
2.05

Antimony

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2

+2,4
207.2

82

Pb

2.33

11.34
327.46
(m) 175

7.4167
1749
FCC

P0

Lead

8.6084
1587
rhom.

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3

+3,5,-3
208.98038

83

Bi

S3/2

2.02

Bismuth

9.78
271.3
(v) 146

Uuq

18.9984032

16

2.58

1.96
115.21
(v) 102

10.3600
444.72
FCO

P2

Sulfur

34

Se

P2
2.55

4.819
221
(v) 116

9.7524
685
hex

7.2855
1564
rhom.

17

[Ar] 3d 4s 4p
+2,4,6,-2
127.60

Te

3
P2
2.10

6.24
449.51
(v) 135

35

[Ne] 3s2 3p5

+1,3,5,7,-1
79.904

Ununquadium Ununpentium

P3/2
2.96

9.0096
988
hex

3.12
-7.3
(v) 114

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4

+2,4,6,-2
(209)

84

Po

2.0

9.196
254
-

8.414
962
cubic

P2

Polonium

11.8138
59
BCO
10

P3/2
2.66

Iodine

4.94
113.7
(v) 133

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5

+1,5,7,-1
(210)
2

Uuh

Ununhexium

21.5645
-246.08
2

18

[He] 2s 2p
0
39.948

Ar

S0

1.784
-189.3
(v) 97

36

15.7596
-185.8
-

[Ne] 3s2 3p6

0
83.798

Kr

3.75
-157.36
(v) 110

S0
3

13.9996
-153.22
10

[Ar] 3d 4s 4p
0
131.293

54

Xe

1
S0
2.60

5.9
-111.8
(v) 130

12.1298
-108
-

P3/2

2.2

Astatine

302
-

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6

0
(222)

86

Rn

117

S0

Radon

9.73
-71
(v) 145

[Hg] 6p5
+1,3,5,7,-1
(292)

0.9
-248.59
(v) 69

Xenon

10.4513
184.3
BCO

85

At

S0

Krypton

[Ar] 3d 4s 4p
+1,5,-1
126.90447

53

Argon

12.9676
-34.04
-

Br

Tellurium

116

Uup

P3/2

3.16

3.214
-101.5
(v) 99

[Hg] 6p4
+2,4

115

20.1797

Ne

[He] 2s 2p
-1
35.453

Cl

10

Neon

17.4228
-188.12
-

Bromine

52

P3/2

3.98

Chlorine

[Ne] 3s2 3p4

+2,4,6,-2
78.96

10

1.696
-219.6
(v) 71

24.5874
-268.93
1s2
0

Fluorine

[He] 2s 2p
-2
32.065

[Hg] 6p3
+3,5
(289)

P2

Selenium

51

Sb

Tin

5.727
817
(v) 119

S3/2

10.4867
280.5

As

3
P0
1.96

114

Uut

3.44

2.19

[Ne] 3s2 3p3

+3,4,5,-3
74.92160

[Hg] 6p2
+2,4

113

1.823
44.2
(v) 106

Sn

15.9994

[He] 2s 2p
+2,3,4,5,-2,-3
30.97361

0.1785
(v) 32

17
VIIA

Oxygen

14.5341
-195.79
-

Phosphorus

[Ne] 3s2 3p2

+2,4,-4
72.64

[Hg] 6p1
+1,3

S3/2

3.04

P0

Silicon

10

1.251
-210.1
(v) 75

[He] 2s 2p
+2,4,-4
28.0855

Si

32

16
VIA

Nitrogen

Germanium

5.9993
2204
BCO
10

12.0107

[He] 2s 2p
+3
26.981538

2.7
660.32
(m) 143

15
VA

Carbon

8.2980
4000
rhom.

Al

30

[Ar] 3d 4s
+1,2
107.8682

P1/2

2.04

-1

29

Boron

10 973 732 m
3.289842x1015 Hz
13.6057 eV
0.01438769 m K
299 792 458 m/s
343.2 m/s
101 325 Pa

11
IB

14
IVA
10.811

2.46
2075
(v) 82

6.626069x10-34 J s
1836.15267247

Copper

Pd

78

4.002602

Helium

Free Downloads at Vertex42.com

Categories

Barium

(223)

Phase at STP

[Ar] 4s
+2

Rb

Fr

9.3227
2470
HCP

[He] 2s
+2
24.3050

85.4678

55

S1/2

Potassium

[Ar] 4s
+1

1
S0
1.57

Magnesium

[Ne] 3s1
+1
39.0983

37

S1/2

Sodium

19

9.012182

Be

Beryllium

5.3917
1342
BCC

18
VIIIA

1.00794 Atomic Weight

2
S1/2 Ground-State Level
2.2
*Electronegativity (Pauling)

Name
Hydrogen
*Density [Note] 0.0899 13.5984 Ionization Energy (eV)
-259.14
-252.87 *Boiling Point (C)
*Melting Point (C)
FCC
Atomic radius (pm)[Note] (v) 37
Crystal Structure [Note]

1
Electron Configuration
1s
+1,-1
Possible Oxidation States [Note]

10.7485
-61.7
-

[Hg] 6p6
0

118

Uus

Ununseptium

Uuo

Ununoctium

6.0 ?

[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 ?

+4

57

Lanthanides

Atomic Number
Symbol

Actinides

1.00794

138.9055

La

D3/2

1.10

Lanthanum

58

140.116

Ce

G4
1.12

Cerium

59

Pr

140.90765
4

I9/2
1.13

60

144.24

Nd

5
I4
1.14

Praseodymium Neodymium

61

Pm

(145)
6

H5/2
-

Promethium

62

150.36

Sm

7
F0
1.17

Samarium

63

151.964

Eu

S7/2
-

Europium

64

157.25

Gd

D2
1.20

Gadolinium

65

158.92534

Tb

H15/2
-

Terbium

66

Dy

162.500
5
I8
1.22

Dysprosium

67

164.93032

Ho

I15/2
1.23

Holmium

68

167.259

Er

3
H6
1.24

Erbium

69

168.93421

Tm

F7/2
1.25

Thulium

70

173.04

Yb

S0
-

Ytterbium

71

174.967

Lu

D3/2

1.27

Lutetium

6.146
6.689
6.64
7.01
7.264
7.353
5.244
7.901
8.219
8.551
8.795
9.066
9.321
6.57
9.841
5.5769
5.5387
5.473
5.5250
5.582
5.6437
5.6704
6.1498
5.8638
5.9389
6.0215
6.1077
6.1843
6.2542
5.4259
920
3464
798
3360
931
3290
1021
3100
1100
3000
1072
1803
822
1527
1313
3250
1356
3230
1412
2567
1474
2700
1497
2868
1545
1950
819
1196
1663
3402
hex
FCC
hex
hex
HCP
hex
BCC
HCP
HCP
HCP
HCP
HCP
HCP
FCC
HCP
(m) 187
(m) 182
(m) 182
(m) 181
(m) 183
(m) 180
(m) 180
(m) 180
(m) 177
(m) 178
(m) 176
(m) 176
(m) 176
(m) 176
(m) 174
[Xe] 5d1 6s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Xe] 4f10 6s2
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2
+3
+3,4
+3,4
+3
+3
+2,3
+2,3
+3
+3,4
+3
+3
+3
+2,3
+2,3
+3
(227) 90
232.0381 91
231.0359 92
238.0289 93
(237) 94
(244) 95
(243) 96
(247) 97
(247) 98
(251) 99
(252) 100
(257) 101
(258) 102
(259) 103
(262)
89

Ac

D3/2

1.1

Actinium

10.07
5.17
1050
3200
FCC
[Rn] 6d1 7s2
+3

Th

F2

1.3

Pa

K11/2

1.5

Thorium

Protactinium

11.724
6.3067
1750
4820
FCC
(m) 179
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
+4

15.37
5.89
1572
4000
tetra
(m) 163
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
+4,5

L6
1.38

Uranium

19.05
6.1941
1135
3927
BCP
(m) 156
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
+3,4,5,6

Np

L11/2
1.36

Neptunium

20.45
6.2657
644
4000
SO
(m) 155
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
+3,4,5,6

Pu

7
F0
1.28

Plutonium

19.816
6.0260
640
3230
(m) 159 mono.
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
+3,4,5,6

Am

S7/2
1.3

Americium

5.9738
1176
2011
HCP
(m) 173
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
+3,4,5,6

Cm

D2
1.3

Curium

13.51
5.9914
1345
3110
HCP
(m) 174
[Rn] 5f7 6d 7s2
+3

Bk

H15/2
1.3

Berkelium

14.78
6.1979
1050
hex
(m) 170
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
+3,4

Cf

5
I8
1.3

Californium
15.1
6.2817
900
hex
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
+3

Es

I15/2
1.3

Einsteinium
6.42
860
[Rn] 5f11 7s2
+3

Fm

H6
1.3

Fermium

6.50
1527
[Rn] 5f12 7s2
+3

Md

F7/2
1.3

Mendelevium
6.58
827
[Rn] 5f13 7s2
+2,3

No

S0
1.3

Lr

P1/2 ?
-

Nobelium

Lawrencium

6.65
827
[Rn] 5f14 7s2
+2,3

4.9 ?
1627
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p ?
+3

Atomic
Number

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52

Name

Symbol

Atomic
Weight

Phase at STP Type

Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Indium
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium

H
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te

1.00794
4.002602
6.941
9.012182
10.811
12.0107
14.0067
15.9994
18.9984032
20.1797
22.98977
24.305
26.981538
28.0855
30.97361
32.065
35.453
39.948
39.0983
40.078
44.95591
47.867
50.9415
51.9961
54.938049
55.845
58.9332
58.6934
63.546
65.409
69.723
72.64
74.9216
78.96
79.904
83.798
85.4678
87.62
88.90585
91.224
92.90638
95.94
98
101.07
102.9055
106.42
107.8682
112.411
114.818
118.71
121.76
127.6

Gas
Gas
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Gas
Gas
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Synthetic
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid

Non Metal
Noble Gas
Alkali Metal
Alkaline Earth Metal
Metalloids
Non Metal
Non Metal
Non Metal
Halogen
Noble Gas
Alkali Metal
Alkaline Earth Metal
Poor Metal
Metalloids
Non Metal
Non Metal
Halogen
Noble Gas
Alkali Metal
Alkaline Earth Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Poor Metal
Metalloids
Metalloids
Non Metal
Halogen
Noble Gas
Alkali Metal
Alkaline Earth Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Poor Metal
Poor Metal
Metalloids
Metalloids

Group

Group 2

1
18
1
2
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

IA
VIIIA
IA
IIA
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
VIIIA
IA
IIA
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
VIIIA
IA
IIA
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
VIIIB
VIIIB
VIIIB
IB
IIB
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
VIIIA
IA
IIA
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
VIIIB
VIIIB
VIIIB
IB
IIB
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA

Period

1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108

Iodine
Xenon
Cesium
Barium
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Polonium
Astatine
Radon
Francium
Radium
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrencium
Rutherfordium
Dubnium
Seaborgium
Bohrium
Hassium

I
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs

126.90447
131.293
132.90545
137.327
138.9055
140.116
140.90765
144.24
145
150.36
151.964
157.25
158.92534
162.5
164.93032
167.259
168.93421
173.04
174.967
178.49
180.9479
183.84
186.207
190.23
192.217
195.078
196.96655
200.59
204.3833
207.2
208.98038
209
210
222
223
226
227
232.0381
231.03588
238.02891
237
244
243
247
247
251
252
257
258
259
262
261
262
266
264
277

Solid
Gas
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Synthetic
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Liquid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Gas
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic

Halogen
Noble Gas
Alkali Metal
Alkaline Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Poor Metal
Poor Metal
Poor Metal
Metalloids
Halogen
Noble Gas
Alkali Metal
Alkaline Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Rare Earth Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal

17
18
1
2
3
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
4
5
6
7
8

VIIA
VIIIA
IA
IIA
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
VIIIB
VIIIB
VIIIB
IB
IIB
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
VIIIA
IA
IIA
Actinides
Actinides
Actinides
Actinides
Actinides
Actinides
Actinides
Actinides
Actinides
Actinides
Actinides
Actinides
Actinides
Actinides
Actinides
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
VIIIB

5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7

109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118

Meitnerium
Darmstadtium
Roentgenium
Copernicium
Ununtrium
Ununquadium
Ununpentium
Ununhexium
Ununseptium
Ununoctium

Mt
Ds
Rg
Cn
Uut
Uuq
Uup
Uuh
Uus
Uuo

268
281
272
285
#N/A
289
#N/A
292
#N/A
#N/A

Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic

Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal

References:
NIST.gov
* Mathematica (references.wolfram.com)
Various including:
http://education.jlab.org/qa/discover_ele.html
http://www.lenntech.com/periodic-chart-elements/inventor-surname.htm
http://www.sciencegeek.net/tables/lbltable.pdf
http://ptable.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_radii_of_the_elements_(data_page)
http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/crystal.html

http://www.periodictable.com

9
10
11
12
13
14

VIIIB
VIIIB
IB
IIB
IIIA
IVA

16 VIA

7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7

 Electron Configuration

Ground-state Ionization
Level
Energy (eV)

1s1
1s2
[He] 2s1
[He] 2s2
[He] 2s2 2p1
[He] 2s2 2p2
[He] 2s2 2p3
[He] 2s2 2p4
[He] 2s2 2p5
[He] 2s2 2p6
[Ne] 3s1
[Ne] 3s2
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Ne] 3s2 3p2
[Ne] 3s2 3p3
[Ne] 3s2 3p4
[Ne] 3s2 3p5
[Ne] 3s2 3p6
[Ar] 4s1
[Ar] 4s2
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
[Ar] 3d7 4s2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
[Kr] 5s1
[Kr] 5s2
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
[Kr] 4d5 5s2
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
[Kr] 4d10
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4

2S1/2
1S0
2S1/2
1S0
2P1/2
3P0
4S3/2
3P2
2P3/2
1S0
2S1/2
1S0
2P1/2
3P0
4S3/2
3P2
2P3/2
1S0
2S1/2
1S0
2D3/2
3F2
4F3/2
7S3
6S5/2
5D4
4F9/2
3F4
2S1/2
1S0
2P1/2
3P0
4S3/2
3P2
2P3/2
1S0
2S1/2
1S0
2D3/2
3F2
6D1/2
7S3
6S5/2
5F5
4F9/2
1S0
2S1/2
1S0
2P1/2
3P0
4S3/2
3P2

13.5984
24.5874
5.3917
9.3227
8.298
11.2603
14.5341
13.6181
17.4228
21.5645
5.1391
7.6462
5.9858
8.1517
10.4867
10.36
12.9676
15.7596
4.3407
6.1132
6.5615
6.8281
6.7462
6.7665
7.434
7.9024
7.881
7.6398
7.7264
9.3942
5.9993
7.8994
9.7886
9.7524
11.8138
13.9996
4.1771
5.6949
6.2173
6.6339
6.7589
7.0924
7.28
7.3605
7.4589
8.3369
7.5762
8.9938
5.7864
7.3439
8.6084
9.0096

* Melting
Point (C)

-259.14
#N/A
180.54
1287
2075
3550
-210.1
-218.3
-219.6
-248.59
97.72
650
660.32
1414
44.2
115.21
-101.5
-189.3
63.38
842
1541
1668
1910
1907
1246
1538
1495
1455
1084.62
419.53
29.76
938.3
817
221
-7.3
-157.36
39.31
777
1526
1855
2477
2623
2157
2334
1964
1554.9
961.78
321.07
156.6
231.93
630.63
449.51

* Boiling Point Crystal

(C)
Structure

-252.87
-268.93
1342
2470
4000
4027
-195.79
-182.9
-188.12
-246.08
883
1090
2519
2900
280.5
444.72
-34.04
-185.8
759
1484
2830
3287
3407
2671
2061
2861
2927
2913
2927
907
2204
2820
614
685
59
-153.22
688
1382
3345
4409
4744
4639
4265
4150
3695
2963
2162
767
2072
2602
1587
988

hex
BCC
HCP
rhom.
hex
hex
cubic
cubic
FCC
BCC
HCP
FCC
cubic

FCO
BCO
FCC
BCC
FCC
HCP
HCP
BCC
BCC
cubic
BCC
HCP
FCC
FCC
hex
BCO
cubic
rhom.
hex
BCO
FCC
BCC
FCC
HCP
HCP
BCC
BCC
HCP
HCP
FCC
FCC
FCC
hex
tetra.
tetra.
rhom.
hex

Atomic
Radius
(display)
(v) 37
(v) 32
(m) 152
(m) 112
(v) 82
(v) 77
(v) 75
(v) 73
(v) 71
(v) 69
(m) 186
(m) 160
(m) 143
(v) 111
(v) 106
(v) 102
(v) 99
(v) 97
(m) 227
(m) 197
(m) 162
(m) 147
(m) 134
(m) 128
(m) 127
(m) 126
(m) 125
(m) 124
(m) 128
(m) 134
(m) 135
(v) 122
(v) 119
(v) 116
(v) 114
(v) 110
(m) 248
(m) 215
(m) 180
(m) 160
(m) 146
(m) 139
(m) 136
(m) 134
(m) 134
(m) 137
(m) 144
(m) 151
(m) 167
(v) 141
(v) 138
(v) 135

Metallic
Radius
(pm)

152
112

186
160
143

227
197
162
147
134
128
127
126
125
124
128
134
135

248
215
180
160
146
139
136
134
134
137
144
151
167

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6
[Xe] 6s1
[Xe] 6s2
[Xe] 5d1 6s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Xe] 4f10 6s2
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Hg] 6p1
[Hg] 6p2
[Hg] 6p3
[Hg] 6p4
[Hg] 6p5
[Hg] 6p6
[Rn] 7s1
[Rn] 7s2
[Rn] 6d1 7s2
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
[Rn] 5f7 6d 7s2
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
[Rn] 5f11 7s2
[Rn] 5f12 7s2
[Rn] 5f13 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p ?
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 ?

2P3/2
1S0
2S1/2
1S0
2D3/2
1G4
4I9/2
5I4
6H5/2
7F0
8S7/2
9D2
6H15/2
5I8
4I15/2
3H6
2F7/2
1S0
2D3/2
3F2
4F3/2
5D0
6S5/2
5D4
4F9/2
3D3
2S1/2
1S0
2P01/2
3P0
4S03/2
3P2
2P03/2
1S0
2S1/2
1S0
2D3/2
3F2
4K11/2
5L6
6L11/2
7F0
8S7/2
9D2
6H15/2
5I8
4I15/2
3H6
2F7/2
1S0
2P1/2 ?
3F2 ?

10.4513
12.1298
3.8939
5.2117
5.5769
5.5387
5.473
5.525
5.582
5.6437
5.6704
6.1498
5.8638
5.9389
6.0215
6.1077
6.1843
6.2542
5.4259
6.8251
7.5496
7.864
7.8335
8.4382
8.967
8.9588
9.2255
10.4375
6.1082
7.4167
7.2855
8.414
#N/A
10.7485
4.0727
5.2784
5.17
6.3067
5.89
6.1941
6.2657
6.0260
5.9738
5.9914
6.1979
6.2817
6.42
6.5
6.58
6.65
4.9 ?
6.0 ?
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

113.7
-111.8
28.44
727
920
798
931
1021
1100
1072
822
1313
1356
1412
1474
1497
1545
819
1663
2233
3017
3422
3186
3033
2466
1768.3
1064.18
-38.83
304
327.46
271.3
254
302
-71
#N/A
700
1050
1750
1572
1135
644
640
1176
1345
1050
900
860
1527
827
827
1627
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

184.3
-108
671
1870
3464
3360
3290
3100
3000
1803
1527
3250
3230
2567
2700
2868
1950
1196
3402
4603
5458
5555
5596
5012
4428
3825
2856
356.73
1473
1749
1564
962
#N/A
-61.7
#N/A
1737
3200
4820
4000
3927
4000
3230
2011
3110
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

BCO
FCC
BCC
BCC
hex
FCC
hex
hex
HCP
hex
BCC
HCP
HCP
HCP
HCP
HCP
HCP
FCC
HCP
HCP
BCC
BCC
HCP
HCP
FCC
FCC
FCC
rhom.
HCP
FCC
rhom.
cubic

(v) 133
(v) 130
(m) 265
(m) 222
(m) 187
(m) 182
(m) 182
(m) 181
(m) 183
(m) 180
(m) 180
(m) 180
(m) 177
(m) 178
(m) 176
(m) 176
(m) 176
(m) 176
(m) 174
(m) 159
(m) 146
(m) 139
(m) 137
(m) 135
(m) 136
(m) 139
(m) 144
(m) 151
(m) 170
(m) 175
(v) 146

265
222
187
182
182
181
183
180
180
180
177
178
176
176
176
176
174
159
146
139
137
135
136
139
144
151
170
175

(v) 145
BCC
FCC
FCC
tetra
BCO
SO
mono.
HCP
HCP
hex
hex

(m) 179
(m) 163
(m) 156
(m) 155
(m) 159
(m) 173
(m) 174
(m) 170

179
163
156
155
159
173
174
170

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

* Covalent
radius (pm)

37
32
134
90
82
77
75
73
71
69
154
130
118
111
106
102
99
97
196
174
144
136
125
127
139
125
126
121
138
131
126
122
119
116
114
110
211
192
162
148
137
145
156
126
135
131
153
148
144
141
138
135

* Atomic
Radius
(calculated)
(pm)
53
31
167
112
87
67
56
48
42
38
190
145
118
111
98
88
79
71
243
194
184
176
171
166
161
156
152
149
145
142
136
125
114
103
94
88
265
219
212
206
198
190
183
178
173
169
165
161
156
145
133
123

* Van der
* ElectroWaals
negativity
Radius, (pm) (Pauling)
120
140
182
153
192
170
155
152
147
154
227
173
184
210
180
180
175
188
275
231
211
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
163
140
139
187
211
185
190
185
202
303
249
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
163
172
158
193
217
206
206

2.2
#N/A
0.98
1.57
2.04
2.55
3.04
3.44
3.98
#N/A
0.93
1.31
1.61
1.9
2.19
2.58
3.16
#N/A
0.82
1
1.36
1.54
1.63
1.66
1.55
1.83
1.88
1.91
1.9
1.65
1.81
2.01
2.18
2.55
2.96
3
0.82
0.95
1.22
1.33
1.6
2.16
1.9
2.2
2.28
2.2
1.93
1.69
1.78
1.96
2.05
2.1

* Density
(g/cm3)

0.0899
0.1785
0.535
1.848
2.46
2.26
1.251
1.429
1.696
0.9
0.968
1.738
2.7
2.33
1.823
1.96
3.214
1.784
0.856
1.55
2.985
4.507
6.11
7.14
7.47
7.874
8.9
8.908
8.92
7.14
5.904
5.323
5.727
4.819
3.12
3.75
1.532
2.63
4.472
6.511
8.57
10.28
11.5
12.37
12.45
12.023
10.49
8.65
7.31
7.31
6.697
6.24

* Electron
Affinity
(kJ/mol)
72.8
#N/A
59.6
#N/A
26.7
153.9
7
141
328
#N/A
52.8
#N/A
42.5
133.6
72
200
349
#N/A
48.4
2.37
18.1
7.6
50.6
64.3
#N/A
15.7
63.7
112
118.4
#N/A
28.9
119
78
195
324.6
#N/A
46.9
5.03
29.6
41.1
86.1
71.9
53
101.3
109.7
53.7
125.6
#N/A
28.9
107.3
103.2
190.2

* Thermal
Conductivity,
W/(m K)
0.1805
0.1513
85
190
27
140
0.02583
0.02658
0.0277
0.0491
140
160
235
150
0.236
0.205
0.0089
0.01772
100
200
16
22
31
94
7.8
80
100
91
400
120
29
60
50
0.52
0.12
0.00943
58
35
17
23
54
139
51
120
150
72
430
97
82
67
24
3

* Electrical
Resistivity
(m)
#N/A
#N/A
0.000000094
0.00000004
10000
0.00001
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
0.000000047
0.000000044
0.000000026
0.001
0.0000001
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
0.00000007
0.000000034
0.00000055
0.0000004
0.0000002
0.00000013
0.0000016
0.000000097
0.00000006
0.00000007
0.000000017
0.000000059
0.00000014
0.0005
0.0000003
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
0.00000012
0.00000013
0.00000056
0.00000042
0.00000015
0.00000005
0.0000002
0.000000071
0.000000043
0.0000001
0.000000016
0.00000007
0.00000008
0.00000011
0.0000004
0.0001

133
130
225
198
169
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

115
108
298
253
#N/A
#N/A
247
206
205
238
231
233
225
228
#N/A
226
222
222
217
208
200
193
188
185
180
177
174
171
156
154
143
135

160
150
138
146
159
128
137
128
144
149
148
147
146
#N/A
#N/A

#N/A
145

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

120
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

198
216
343
268
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
175
166
155
196
202
207
197
202
220
348
283
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
186
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

2.66
2.6
0.79
0.89
1.1
1.12
1.13
1.14
#N/A
1.17
#N/A
1.2
#N/A
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
#N/A
1.27
1.3
1.5
2.36
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.28
2.54
2
1.62
2.33
2.02
2
2.2
#N/A
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.38
1.36
1.28
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

4.94
5.9
1.879
3.51
6.146
6.689
6.64
7.01
7.264
7.353
5.244
7.901
8.219
8.551
8.795
9.066
9.321
6.57
9.841
13.31
16.65
19.25
21.02
22.61
22.65
21.09
19.3
13.534
11.85
11.34
9.78
9.196
#N/A
9.73
#N/A
5
10.07
11.724
15.37
19.05
20.45
19.816
#N/A
13.51
14.78
15.1
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

295.2
#N/A
45.5
13.95
48
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
0
31
78.6
14.5
106.1
151
205.3
222.8
#N/A
19.2
35.1
91.2
183.3
270.1
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

0.449
0.00565
36
18
13
11
13
17
15
13
14
11
11
11
16
15
17
39
16
23
57
170
48
88
150
72
320
8.3
46
35
8
#N/A
2
0.00361
#N/A
19
12
54
47
27
6
6
10
#N/A
10
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#N/A
#N/A
0.0000002
0.00000035
0.00000061
0.00000074
0.0000007
0.00000064
0.00000075
0.00000094
0.0000009
0.0000013
0.0000012
0.00000091
0.00000094
0.00000086
0.0000007
0.00000028
0.00000056
0.0000003
0.00000013
0.00000005
0.00000018
0.000000081
0.000000047
0.00000011
0.000000022
0.00000096
0.00000015
0.00000021
0.0000013
0.00000043
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
0.000001
#N/A
0.00000015
0.00000018
0.00000028
0.0000012
0.0000015
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

* CAS Number

Possible Oxidation
States

CAS1333-74-0
CAS7440-59-7
CAS7439-93-2
CAS7440-41-7
CAS7440-42-8
CAS7440-44-0
CAS7727-37-9
CAS7782-44-7
CAS7782-41-4
CAS7440-01-9
CAS7440-23-5
CAS7439-95-4
CAS7429-90-5
CAS7440-21-3
CAS7723-14-0
CAS7704-34-9
CAS7782-50-5
CAS7440-37-1
CAS7440-09-7
CAS7440-70-2
CAS7440-20-2
CAS7440-32-6
CAS7440-62-2
CAS7440-47-3
CAS7439-96-5
CAS7439-89-6
CAS7440-48-4
CAS7440-02-0
CAS7440-50-8
CAS7440-66-6
CAS7440-55-3
CAS7440-56-4
CAS7440-38-2
CAS7782-49-2
CAS7726-95-6
CAS7439-90-9
CAS7440-17-7
CAS7440-24-6
CAS7440-65-5
CAS7440-67-7
CAS7440-03-1
CAS7439-98-7
CAS7440-26-8
CAS7440-18-8
CAS7440-16-6
CAS7440-05-3
CAS7440-22-4
CAS7440-43-9
CAS7440-74-6
CAS7440-31-5
CAS7440-36-0
CAS13494-80-9

+1,-1
+1
+2
+3
+2,4/-4
+1,2,3,4,5/-1,2,3
-2
-1
+1
+2
+3
+2,4/-4
+3,5/-3
+4,6/-2
+1,5,7/-1
+1
+2
+3
+2,3,4
+2,3,4,5
+2,3,6
+2,3,4,7
+2,3
+2,3
+2,3
+1,2
+2
+3
+2,4
+3,5/-3
+4,6/-2
+1,5/-1
+1
+2
+3
+4
+3,5
+6
+4,7
+3
+3
+2,4
+1
+2
+3
+2,4
+3,5/-3
+4,6/-2

Discoverer

Discovery
(Year)

Cavendish, Henry
1766
0 Ramsey, Sir William & Cleve, Per Teodor
1895
Arfvedson, Johan August
1817
Vauquelin, Nicholas Louis
1797
Davy, Sir Humphry & Thnard, Louis-Jaques & Gay-Lussac,
1808
Louis-Joseph
unknown
ancient
Rutherford, Daniel
1772
Priestley, Joseph & Scheele, Carl Wilhelm
1774
Moissan, Henri
1886
0 Ramsay, William & Travers, Morris
1898
Davy, Sir Humphry
1807
Black, Joseph
1755
Oersted, Hans Christian
1825
Berzelius, Jns Jacob
1824
Brandt, Hennig
1669
unknown
ancient
Scheele, Carl Wilhelm
1774
0 Ramsay, Sir William & Strutt, John (Lord Rayleigh)1894
Davy, Sir Humphry
1807
Davy, Sir Humphry
1808
Nilson, Lars Fredrik
1879
Gregor, William
1791
Del Rio, Andrs Manuel (1801) & Sefstrm, Nils Gabriel
1801 (1830)
Vauquelin
1797
Gahn, Johan Gottlieb
1774
unknown
ancient
Brandt, Georg
1735
Cronstedt, Alex Fredrik
1751
unknown
ancient
unknown
ancient
Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul-mile
1875
Winkler, Clemens A.
1886
unknown
ancient
Berzelius, Jns Jacob
1817
Balard, Antoine-Jrme
1826
0 Ramsay, Sir William & Travers, Morris
1898
Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm & Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert
1861
Crawford, Adair
1790
Gadolin, Johan
1789
Klaproth, Martin Heinrich
1789
Hatchet, Charles
1801
Scheele, Carl Welhelm
1778
Perrier, Carlo & Segr, Emilio
1937
Klaus, Karl Karlovich
1844
Wollaston, William Hyde
1803
Wollaston, William Hyde
1803
unknown
ancient
Stromeyer, Prof. Friedrich
1817
Reich, Ferdinand & Richter, Hieronymus
1863
unknown
ancient
unknown
ancient
Mller von Reichenstein, Franz Joseph
1782

CAS7553-56-2
CAS7440-63-3
CAS7440-46-2
CAS7440-39-3
CAS7439-91-0
CAS7440-45-1
CAS7440-10-0
CAS7440-00-8
CAS7440-12-2
CAS7440-19-9
CAS7440-53-1
CAS7440-54-2
CAS7440-27-9
CAS7429-91-6
CAS7440-60-0
CAS7440-52-0
CAS7440-30-4
CAS7440-64-4
CAS7439-94-3
CAS7440-58-6
CAS7440-25-7
CAS7440-33-7
CAS7440-15-5
CAS7440-04-2
CAS7439-88-5
CAS7440-06-4
CAS7440-57-5
CAS7439-97-6
CAS7440-28-0
CAS7439-92-1
CAS7440-69-9
CAS7440-08-6
CAS7440-68-8
CAS10043-92-2
CAS7440-73-5
CAS7440-14-4
CAS7440-34-8
CAS7440-29-1
CAS7440-13-3
CAS7440-61-1
CAS7439-99-8
CAS7440-07-5
CAS7440-35-9
CAS7440-51-9
CAS7440-40-6
CAS7440-71-3
CAS7429-92-7
CAS7440-72-4
CAS7440-11-1
CAS10028-14-5
CAS22537-19-5
CAS53850-36-5
CAS53850-35-4
CAS54038-81-2
CAS54037-14-8
CAS54037-57-9

+1,5,7/-1
+1
+2
+3
+3,4
+3
+3
+3
+2,3
+2,3
+3
+3
+3
+3
+3
+3
+2,3
+3
+4
+5
+6
+4,67
+3,4
+3,4
+2,4
+1,3
+1,2
+1,3
+2,4
+3,5
+2,4

+1
+2
+3
+4
+4,5
+3,4,5,6
+3,4,5,6
+3,4,5,6
+3,4,5,6
+3
+3,4
+3
+3
+3
+2,3
+2,3
+3
+4

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