Section 3.

6Counting Molecules

So the number of molecules affects pressure of an airbaghow do we count molecules?

What is a mole?

Definition
Mole SI unit for counting

The only acceptable abbreviation for mole is molnot m!!

What is a counting unit?

Youre already familiar with one counting unita dozen A dozen = 12
Dozen A dozen doughnuts A dozen books A dozen cars 12 12 doughnuts 12 books 12 cars

A dozen people

12 people

What cant we count atoms in dozens?

Atoms and molecules are extremely small

There are 6.02 1023 water molecules in 18mL of water

355 mL 6.021023 molecules H2O 1.19 1025 = _________ molecules H2O mL 18

This means a 12 ounce bottle of water (355 mL) would have 1.19 1025 molecules of water.
1.19 1025 molecules 1 dozen 12 molecules 9.89 1023 dozen = _________

That would be 9.89 1023 dozen water molecules. These huge numbers are impractical!

What does a mole count in?

A mole = 6.02 1023 (called Avogadros number) 6.02 1023 = 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
mole 1 mole of doughnuts 1 mole of atoms 1 mole of molecules 6.02 1023 6.02 1023 doughnuts 6.02 1023 atoms 6.02 1023 molecules

This means a 12 ounce bottle of water would have 19.7 moles of watera much easier-to-work-with number!

Example: Molecules & Moles

Example: How many molecules of water are in 1.25 moles?

Example: Molecules & Moles

1 mol = 6.021023 molecules

Example: How many molecules of water are in 1.25 moles?

1.25 mol
H2O

6.02 1023 1

Molecules H2O mol H2O

7.521023 molecules H2O = _______

Lets Practice #1

Example: How many moles are equal to 2.8 1022 molecules

Lets Practice #1
1 mol = 6.021023 molecules

Example: How many moles are equal to 2.8 1022 molecules

2.8 1022 molecules

mole

6.02 1023 molecules

0.047 = _______ moles

Molar Mass

Definition
Molar Mass The mass for one mole of an atom or molecule.
Other terms commonly used for the same meaning: Molecular Weight Molecular Mass Formula Weight Formula Mass

Mass for 1 mole of atoms

The average atomic mass = grams for 1 mole Average atomic mass is found on the periodic table
Element 1 mole of carbon atoms 12.01 g Mass

1 mole of oxygen atoms

1 mole of hydrogen atoms

16.00 g
1.01 g

Unit for molar mass: g/mole or g/mol

Molar mass for molecules

The molar mass for a molecule = the sum of the molar masses of all the atoms

Calculating a Molecules Mass

To find the molar mass of a molecule:

1 2

Count the number of each type of atom

Find the molar mass of each atom on the periodic table Multiple the # of atoms molar mass for each atom Find the sum of all the masses

3
4

Example: Molar Mass

Example: Find the molar mass for CaBr2

Example: Molar Mass

1
Count the number of each type of atom

Example: Find the molar mass for CaBr2

Ca Br

1 2

Example: Molar Mass

2
Find the molar mass of each atom on the periodic table

Example: Find the molar mass for CaBr2

Ca Br

1 2

40.08 g/mole 79.91 g/mole

Example: Molar Mass

3
Multiple the # of atoms molar mass for each atom

Example: Find the molar mass for CaBr2

Ca Br

1 40.08 g/mole = 2 79.91 g/mole =

40.08 g/mole 159.82 g/mole

Example: Molar Mass

4
Find the sum of all the masses

Example: Find the molar mass for CaBr2

Ca Br

1 40.08 g/mole = 2 79.91 g/mole =

40.08 g/mole + 159.82 g/mole

199.90 g/mole

1 mole of CaBr2 molecules would have a mass of 199.90 g

Example: Molar Mass & Parenthesis

Be sure to distribute the subscript outside the parenthesis to each element inside the parenthesis.

Example: Find the molar mass for Sr(NO3)2

Example: Molar Mass & Parenthesis

Be sure to distribute the subscript outside the parenthesis to each element inside the parenthesis.
Sr Example: Find the molar mass for Sr(NO3)2 N O 1 87.62 g/mole = 2 14.01 g/mole = 6 16.00 g/mole = 87.62 g/mole 28.02 g/mole + 96.00 g/mole 211.64 g/mole

1 mole of Sr(NO3)2 molecules would have a mass of 211.64 g

Lets Practice #2

Example: Find the molar mass for Al(OH)3

Lets Practice #2
Be sure to distribute the subscript outside the parenthesis to each element inside the parenthesis.
Al Example: Find the molar mass for Al(OH)3 O H 1 26.98 g/mole = 3 16.00 g/mole = 3 1.01 g/mole = 26.98 g/mole 48.00 g/mole + 3.03 g/mole 78.01 g/mole

1 mole of Al(OH)3 molecules would have a mass of 78.01 g

Using Molar Mass in Conversions

Example: Moles to Grams

Example: How many grams are in 1.25 moles of water?

Example: Moles to Grams

When converting between grams and moles, the molar mass is needed
Example: How many grams are in 1.25 moles of water? H 2 1.01 g/mole = 2.02 g/mole O 1 16.00 g/mole = + 16.00 g/mole 18.02 g/mole

1 mole H2O molecules = 18.02 g

1.25 mol H2O

18.02 g H2O
1 mol H2O

22.53 g H2O = _______

Example: Grams to Molecules

Example: How many molecules are in 25.5 g NaCl?

Example: Grams to Molecules

Example: How many molecules are in 25.5 g NaCl?
Na 1 22.99 g/mole = 22.99 g/mole Cl 1 35.45 g/mole = + 35.45 g/mole 58.44 g/mole

1 moles NaCl molecules = 58.44 g 1 mol = 6.021023 molecules

25.5 g NaCl

mol NaCl

6.021023 molecules NaCl

1 mol NaCl 2.63 1023 molecules NaCl = _________

58.44 g NaCl

Lets Practice #3

Example: How many moles are in 25.5 g NaCl?

Lets Practice #3

Example: How many moles are in 25.5 g NaCl?

Na 1 22.99 g/mole = 22.99 g/mole Cl 1 35.45 g/mole = + 35.45 g/mole 58.44 g/mole

1 mole NaCl molecules = 58.44 g

25.5 g NaCl

mole NaCl

0.436 mole NaCl = _______

58.44 g NaCl

Lets Practice #4
Example: How many grams is a sample of 2.75 1024 molecules of SrCl2?

Lets Practice #4
Example: How many grams is a sample of 2.75 1024 molecules of SrCl2? Sr 1 87.62 g/mole = 87.62 g/mole Cl 2 35.45 g/mole = + 70.90 g/mole 158.52 g/mole

1 moles SrCl2 molecules = 158.52 g 1 mol = 6.021023 molecules

2.75 1024 molecules SrCl2

mol SrCl2

158.52 g SrCl2 mol SrCl2

6.02 1023 molecules 1 SrCl2 7.26 x 102

= _________ g SrCl2