Mc lc

nn Topbas
Chng 1: Gii thiu chung Top-Base ......................................................... 1
1. Li ni u .............................................................................................................................. 4
2. Hnh dng v kch thc ca Top-Block................................................................................. 5
3. Phng php xy dng v gi thnh ....................................................................................... 6
4. Tnh u vit v phm vi ng dng ca phng php Top-Base ............................................. 7
4.1. Tnh u vit ca phng php Top-base .......................................................................... 7
4.2. Phm vi ng dng ca phng php Top-base ................................................................ 7
5. c im c l ca phng php Top-base ............................................................................ 8
Chng 3: Thi cng Top-base .................................................................. 12
1. Cng tc o t .................................................................................................................... 13
2. Cng tc lp t Top-block ................................................................................................... 13
3. btng ti ch .................................................................................................................. 14
4. Chn dm .......................................................................................................................... 15
5. Lin kt kho nh cc khi phu .......................................................................................... 16
6. Cch x l mt vi tnh hung trong qu trnh thi cng Top-base........................................ 17
6.1. Chn dm cha t yu cu (do lng dm cha )........................................... 17
6.2. Khi t Top base trn nn t rt yu ............................................................................. 17
6.3. Trng hp h mng qu su ......................................................................................... 18
6.4. Trng hp t Top-base trn cc cao khc nhau ..................................................... 18
6.5. Trng hp t Top-base trn nn t p .................................................................... 18
7. Nghim thu thi cng Top-base .............................................................................................. 18
8. Mt s v d thc hnh xy dng .......................................................................................... 19
9. Cc im cn lu ................................................................................................................ 20
9.1. Cc lu trong qu trnh thit k ................................................................................... 20
9.2. Cc lu trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng .................................................................. 20
10. Nhng tiu chun k thut chung v cc quy trnh th ti ................................................... 20
10.1. Hnh dng, kch thc v cht lng ca sn phm Topbase ...................................... 20

10.2. Quy trnh

th ti nn nn
Top-

base .............................................................................. 21
Chng 4 : Gii thiu mt s cng trnh s dng cng ngh Top-base Hn Quc v Vit Nam . Mt on
Vidio thi cng Top-base Error! Bookmark not defined.

CNG TY C PHN T VN U
T LICOGI 16.8 N V TIN
PHONG P DNG CNG NGH MI
KHU VC PH NAM

GII THIU LICOGI 16.8 :

Cng ty CP T vn u t LICOGI 16 l doanh nghip c thnh lp theo giy php kinh doanh s 4103009378 do
phng ng k kinh doanh S KH&T TP H Ch Minh cp ngy 14/02/2008. Cng ty CP T vn u t
LICOGI 16 c thnh lp theo hnh thc Cng ty C Phn. Cng ty hin l hnh vin ca Cng ty CP LICOGI 16
( Tng cng ty Xy dng v Pht trin h tng B Xy dng.)
Ngoi cc chc nng chnh ca Cng ty nh Lp d n u t cng trnh xy dng, Thit k, lp d ton Cng trnh,
thit k quy hoch, thit k Tng mt bng, t vn QLDA, Gim st thi cng cc cng trnh xy dng.v.vNgy
15/09/2010 Cng ty chng ti c Cng ty CP kt cu khng gian TADITS v Cng ty Lin doanh TBS Vit
Nam s hu c quyn Cng ngh v pht trin Vit Nam cp giy chng nhn s 06/TADITS TBS chnh thc
chuyn giao cng nghv t vn Thit k cng trnh c s dng Cng ngh kt cu sn Bubbledeck, Cng ngh gia
c nn Top-Base v H mng b kt hp cc cng lm vic ng thi trn nn gia c bng Cng ngh Top-Base.

GIA C NN BNG CNG NGH TOP - BASE

1. Li ni u
Mt phng n mng mi gn y c gi l Phng php TOP-BASE thu ht s quan tm ca cc k s Nht
Bn v Hn Quc. N c s dng trn nn t yu gim ln c kt v tng kh nng chu ti ca nn.
Phng php Top-base l phng php t cc khi b tng hnh phu trong nn dm ln lp t yu. Phng
php Top-base b tng ti ch cho thy ln c kt gim t 1/10 1/2 hoc nhiu hn, ng thi tng kh nng
chu ti ca nn t 50% - 200% hoc nhiu hn so vi nn t ban u cha c x l.
Phng php Top-base c tc dng ngn cn chuyn v ngang ca lp t yu v lm gim kh nng gin n dn n
gim ln mng cng trnh, v phn phi ng sut bn di y mng u hn dn n tng kh nng chu lc ca
nn.
Do s gia tng dn s, s thiu thn v t ai, v nhu cu s dng t yu xy dng cng trnh thc y cc
k s xy dng tm ra cc gii php ci thin cc khu vc nn t yu phc v cng tc xy dng sao cho tit kim
chi ph vt liu v chi ph xy dng, phng php ny ch nn dng ci thin nn t b mt v ngay di b mt.
Gn y, mt phng php mi c pht minh m lin kt cc khi b tng hnh phu v t chng ln trn nn
t. Cc nhm Top-block c th c s dng nh phng n mng nng thay th mng cc. N c gi l
Mng Top-base. Thc t cho thy nhiu cng trnh xy dng ng dng phng php ny em li hiu qu mnh
m trong vic gim ln v tng kh nng chu lc ca nn t.
Phng php mng ci tin, Top-base, c s dng thnh cng nhm ci thin nn t yu trong hn 10 nm qua
ti Hn Quc. C 2 loi mng Top-base: loi th 1 c c sn trong nh my, loi th 2 l b tng ti ch. Mc
d c 2 loi mng ny c c tnh nh nhau, tuy nhin phng php Top-base c ti cng trng thi cng d dng
hn v chi ph r hn so vi phng php Top-base sn xut sn trong nh my. V vy, hu ht cc k s nhn nh
rng phng php mng Top-base ti ch m c pht trin v ci thin bi cng ty Banseok Top-Base Co., Ltd
l phng n mng ti u hn c.

2. Hnh dng v kch thc ca Top-Block

50020050200505002005020050vng thpphn tr nnphn tr nnphn ccphn mi vtkhun nha
tng hpt = 5 mm13510
Kch thc v hnh dng chun ca Top-Block
Mt khi nim mi ca phng php Top-base b tng ti ch l s dng cc thanh thp ni cc Top-block vi
nhau to thnh nhm cc Top-block (ni ti v tr giao gia phn tr nn v phn cc), b tng vo phu nha, ri
dm m cht, lp dng ct thp ni pha trn, v.v, phn tr nn nghing vi phng ngang 45 0 c tc dng
phn phi li ng sut ca ti trng, v phn mi vt c thit k c bit ngn cn bin dng ngang ca Topblock.
Mt ct Top-Base
y l phng php thi cng Top-base mi lm gim chi ph xy dng do tit kim c thi gian thi cng, n
gin v gim chi ph vt liu.

Mt bng Top-Base

3. Phng php xy dng v gi thnh

Bc 1: Ni cc phu nha thnh khi

Bc 3: b tng cc phu nha

Bc 2: Lp t cc khi phu nha

Bc 4: Ri dm

Bc 5: Lp t cc thanh thp ni pha trn

Bc 6: Hon thnh Mng Top-base
*. u im v gi thnh
ng dng phng n mng Top-base c th rt ngn thi gian thi cng mng cng trnh ch cn 1/2 v chi ph gim
ch cn 60% - 70% so vi cc phng n mng khc.

4. Tnh u vit v phm vi ng dng ca phng php Top-Base

4.1. Tnh u vit ca phng php Top-base
- m bo an ton cho ti trng t trn nn t yu.
- Gim ln tng th v ln lch ca cng trnh, ng thi tng kh nng chu ti ca nn ban u.
- Hon ton loi b c nh hng xu n vic xy dng do ting n v chn ng gy ra.
- C kh nng thi cng ni cht hp ngay c trong cng trnh xy dng.
- Thi cng tin li khng cn thit b c bit.
- Gim thi gian thi cng v gi thnh xy dng.
- Thn thin vi mi trng.
4.2. Phm vi ng dng ca phng php Top-base
Phng php Top-base c p dng rng ri x l nn cho cc cng trnh dn dng v cng nghip, cc cng
trnh giao thng vn ti v thng tin lin lc nh:
- Cng trnh lin quan ti bo v mi trng: bi san lp cht thi, ni x l cht thi.
- Nh dn dng bao gm nh thp tng v nh nhiu tng.
- Nh cng nghip.
- B cha, bn cha v cc cng trnh x l nc thi.
- Cc cng trnh giao thng v thng tin lin lc nh: ng v cc cng trnh lin quan, h thng cp ngm

5. c im c l ca phng php Top-base

Hnh 1.1: c tnh ca Top-base
Hnh 1.2: Bnh xch dng Top-shape ca my i
(Hnh 1.1) l biu c tnh ca Top-base: phn tr nn ca Top-block c t trong lp vt liu ri rc ( dm)
nm trn nn t yu, phn cc ca Top-block cng c t trong phn a tng tng t, v phn ct thp pha
trn v pha di c tc dng ni cc Top-block thnh nhm; v vy phng php mng Top-base tr thnh h kt
cu mng cng linh hot.
Bn cnh , gc gia phn tr nn ca Top-block v phn t (vt liu ri rc ) tip xc l 45 0, hnh dng tng t
nh bnh xch ca xe i t (Hnh 1.2), cu to ny cho php phn tch ti trng thng ng tc dng ln Top-base
thnh 2 thnh phn: ng sut thng ng (P V) v ng sut theo phng ngang (PH). iu ny dn n bin dng
ngang b ngn cn bi lc khng ca lp vt liu ri rc v phn cc, nh trong (Hnh 1.3). Hnh 1.3: S phn phi
bin dng ngang
Hnh 1.4: Phn phi cng ca cc loi mng khc nhau sau khi ln di hn

Tm li, phng php Top-base l phng php ci thin nn t lm tng kh nng chu ti ca nn t v gim
ln do s phn phi li ng sut v ngn cn bin dng ngang thng qua vic thit lp nn h kt cu to bi lp
dm v hnh dng bnh xch ca phn tr nn.
(Hnh 1.4) th hin biu phn phi cho cc loi mng khc nhau: mng b tng v mng dm c ng phn
b ng sut khng u, mng trn nn Top-base cho kt qu ng phn b ng sut ng u, c ngha l mng
trn nn Top-base n nh hn. Thc t, Top-base lm tng t 1,5 2,5 ln kh nng chu ti ca nn v lm gim
1/2 1/4 ln ln so vi nn t ban u.

Top-base khng ch c tc dng phn phi u ti trng tc dng v ln, n cn lm gim cng ti trng
truyn qua lp Top-base do s phn phi li ng sut, v vy ti trng tc dng s khng gy nh hng n lp t
di su.

Hnh 1.5: Ti trng- ln cc loi Mng

Hnh 1.6: ng sut di t Mng Top-Base

(where, q = 1.6013m x 1.6013m x 9.36t/m2 = 24t/m2)

applied Load (t/m2)

24.00

Pressure Guage
A (Under topblock)
39%

(Underground Load = PG
Value)(Applied Load)
Pressure Guage
Pressure Guage
B (Under
C (Under
crusher-run)
crusher-run)
23%
21%

9.36t/m2

5.52t/m2

5.04t/m2

Remark: Above result shows that stress distribution angle () is 300

Location
of Guage
Ground
Settlemen
t
Primary
Ground
(mm)
Top-Base
Foundatio
n (mm)

At Base
Foundation
0B

1B

2B

3B

-56.61

15.2

1.368

-0.365

-2.61

-1.23

-0.40

-0.15

Hnh 1.7: Phn b ng sut Mng Top-Base

Hnh 1.8: Bin dng ngang Mng Top-Base

Hnh 1.9: Chuyn v ngang di Mng Top-Base

Hnh 1.10: Kh nng chu ti v ln ca cc loi Mng

Chng 3: Thi cng Top-base

( Ti liu hng dn thi cng - tm thi s dng thng 7/2009 )
Topbase l mt phng php gia c nn t rt hiu qu, cn c thc hin theo trnh t di y:
Di y quy nh mt s yu cu c th cho cng tc thi cng Top-base:

1. Cng tc o t
t s c o n su thit k, nu h o su trn 1m phi d kin bin php bo v thnh h o v thot
nc h o bo m iu kin thi cng.
Hnh 3.1. o cc h mng t Top-base
Trng hp y h o trn mc nc ngm (khng b ngp nc) v l lp t ri rc, cn tin hnh lm m v
m nn lm cht lp t y h mng, tri vi a k thut trc khi lp t phu nha hoc Top-block c sn.
Trng hp y h mng kh ro v l t dnh c R>0,5kg/cm2 th ch cn lm phng y h mng, ri lp vi a
k thut ri lp t phu nha hoc Top-block c sn,
Nu t ti y h mng qu yu ( R< 0,3 kg/cm2 ) phi tri lp mt hoc dm dy ti thiu 100mm trn din
tch b tr Top-base trc khi tin hnh lp t.
2. Cng tc lp t Top-block
Hnh 3.2. Lun cc thanh thp di lin kt cc Top-block thnh khi
Khi lp t cc khi Top-block cn phi iu chnh cao ca cc mc thp gn trn phu b tng sao cho bng
nhau.

Li ct thp nh v cho trng hp s dng Top-block l li thp thanh c khong cch 500 x 500mm vi ng
knh thanh thp 10mm. Cng c th ch to li thp ny bng hn h quang in ngay ti cng trng, song cn
hn thm mt thanh cho vo mi vung 500 x 500mm lm khung nh v phn cc ca Top-block.
Phn thng ng c dng cc ca Top-block (chn phu) phi c chn hoc ng vo nn t theo phng thng
ng vo c hnh tam gic trn li thp nh v (nu dng Top-block c sn).
Khi s dng Top-base theo phng php c btng ti ch trong cc phu nha s nh v cc phu nha bng cch
lun cc thanh thp 10 qua l khoan sn ni tip gip gia phn cc v phn cn ca phu nha. Nu vic
chn/ng cht cc Top-block gp kh khn do nn qu cng, c th phi to l c ng knh bng ng knh
chn phu t chn phu vo . Cc phng php to l t chn phu c th l phng php dng tr g
trn c ng knh bng ng knh chn phu ng vo nn ri rt ln, hoc dng my khoan ng cm tay.
Hnh 3.3. Lp t cc khi Top-block sau khi lin kt vo cc h o
3. btng ti ch
Hin nay thng dng Top-base vi phng php btng ti ch trong cc phu nha ( Phng php do Cng ty
TBS Hn Quc xut nm 2000) hn l lp dng cc khi Top-block bng btng c sn (phng php ca Nht
xut t 1980) do cc u im v s linh hot v thun tin trong thi cng, khng b ph thuc thit b c gii, v
kh nng hn ch tai nn lao ng ca n so vi lp t cc Top-block bng b tng rt d li nng trn 80kg/ci.
V cng , btng trong phu nha ch cn mac R= 100 kg/cm2, nu khi lng thi cng nh c th trn b
tng bng my trn mini theo cp phi t mc b tng ny.
Khi khi lng thi cng Top-base ln, vic vn chuyn b tng sau trn n ch vo phu rt tn nhn cng,
nng sut thp, nu khng c cu phc v. Tin thu cu phc v b tng s t hn so vi dng my bm
btng. bm c b tng vo phu nha cn s dng btng mc 200. Vy trng hp ny s dng mc b
tng 200 vo phu l do yu cu cng ngh bm b tng, l yu cu ca bin php thi cng, khng phi do yu
cu chu lc ca Top-base.

 m cht btng trong phu nha c th s dng m rung nu l btng trn my c st thp, hoc ch m
bng xng rt n gin nu s dng btng bm c st ln.
Hnh 3.4. b tng cc khi Top-block
4. Chn dm
Tin hnh chn v m dm (kch thc 1-2cm) lp y khong trng gia cc khi b tng hnh phu sau khi
c btng t nht 24 gi.
m rung dm chn vo khong trng gia cc khi phu l khu quyt nh cht lng kt cu top base, y
l cng on quan trng nht trong phng php thi cng mng Top-base. Theo , cn phi tin hnh cn thn v t
m cng tc chn dm v m rung dm.
Trc ht, y dm trn mt cc khi Top-block ri dng xng gt dm chn dn lp y vo cc khe trng
gia cc phu b tng trong lc ng thi tin hnh m rung.
Cng tc m dm c th thc hin bng cch dng cc thp, thanh thp chc th cng nu khi lng Top-base
nh.
Vi khi lng Top-base ln ch yu dng phng php m rung vi loi m di c ng c ( dng trong m
btng ). Cn phi tin hnh cng tc m rung m bo c c mt kt cu nn mng vng chc c cht ca
dm l ti a, khng st bt k khong trng no di phn cn ca phu. Thc hin yu cu ny bng cch
thay i hng ca qu m trong qu trnh m rung. c th lm tng cht ca khi dm, nn lm tng
mt khi dm ny bng cch phi trn thm mt t l nh loi kch thc nh hn (0,5-1 cm) trong lc m
rung trn ton b din tch mng thi cng bng dm kch thc 1-2 cm, ( nu iu kin thi cng cho php ).

Hnh 3.5. Chn dm v tin hnh m cht

5. Lin kt kho nh cc khi phu
t cc thanh ct thp 12 trn nh khi Top-base to thnh li thp lin kt, khi btng mng, hoc lp b
tng kho nh khi phu xong, cc li thp ny cng vi kt cu b tng c tc dng kho cht nh cc khi Topblock, bt chng chu lc ng thi, theo ng s tnh ton.
lp t cc thanh thp ny, c th la chn mt trong hai phng php sau y:
Phng php 1:
Trong trng hp thi cng lp b tng kt cu mng trc tip ln mt ca lp phu Top-base:
Cch ny va tit kim vt liu, nhn cng va tit kim thi gian, v su o mng, chiu dy Top-base, nhng
ch thc hin c nu cng mt nh thu thi cng Top-base v kt cu mng.
Buc cc thanh thp nh v 12mm theo 2 phng, cch nhau 500mm, li thp thanh ny c lin kt vi mc
thp ca phu b tng to thnh mt mng li lin kt. Do vy khi b tng kt cu mng c thi cng s gn cht
vi phn nh Top-block to thnh mt kt cu thng nht rt vng chc. Trc khi c b tng mng cn iu chnh
cao khi Top-block v lm cng tc v sinh b mt cc Top-block.
Phng php 2:
Trng hp t i thi cng Top-base c lp vi nh thu thi cng phn mng b tng pha trn lp Top-base.
Nu khng c s phi hp ca hai nh thu Top-base v thi cng kt cu mng, th phn thi cng gia c nn Topbase cn l mt sn phm hon chnh nghim thu c lp nh cc sn phm khc. Nh vy phi tn thm btng,
chiu dy (v chiu su h o), nhng trong thc t phng php ny thng c s dng nhiu hn.
Trn b mt ca cc khi Top-block, qua mc neo t sn, lin kt cc thanh thp 12 cch nhau 500 mm theo c
hai phng, ri lm sch b mt cc khi Top-block v lp btng mc 200 dy 100mm

 ton khi ho ton b cc Top-block ny vi nhau nh mt khi thng nht. Sau bn giao mt bng cho nh
thu thi cng kt cu mng.
Hnh 3.6. Lin kt kha nh bng cc thanh thp trn
Hnh 3.7. lp b tng lt bo v thp lp trn Top-base
6. Cch x l mt vi tnh hung trong qu trnh thi cng Top-base
6.1. Chn dm cha t yu cu (do lng dm cha )
trnh trng hp ny, vic m rung dm cn thc hin khi lng dm phi tha lp cc khong trng
v cn tin hnh cng tc m rung mt cch cn thn. Nu lng dm cha c th xy ra l rng ti khu vc
xung quanh phn y hnh cn ca phu b tng. Do vy, khi tin hnh m rung phi tin hnh m u theo 4
hng t mi khe chn dm v lng dm phi d d dng lp y cc l trng.
6.2. Khi t Top base trn nn t rt yu
Khi lp t cc phu b tng trc tip trn nn t yu (R< 0,3 kg/cm2) m khng ri dm trn nn t yu ny,
n nh ca cc phu b tng ti phn c th khng c tt v cng tc chn

dm v m rung c th rt kh thc hin c. ngn chn iu xy ra, cn tin hnh chn dm ngay sau
khi lp t Top-block hoc tin hnh m nn cng sm v cng u cng tt ngay sau khi lp t Top-block ti
phn cui hoc gia dy block (nu m t hai u vo gia) nhm c nh v tr ca cc phu b tng.
6.3. Trng hp h mng qu su
Cn c bin php bo v thnh h mng nh ng c thp, lm cc barretetrc khi tin hnh o t h mng.
Bin php bo v thnh h phi c thit k v thm tra ph duyt trc khi tin hnh o t.
6.4. Trng hp t Top-base trn cc cao khc nhau
Khi s dng Top-base, hu ht trng hp u b tr Top-base ngay st di mng nng, nn c th xy ra tnh
hung Top-base s c b tr ti cc cao khc nhau.
Tt nht nn thi cng Top-base ch su trc, thi cng Top-base ch nng hn sau.
Trong trng hp c bit phi thi cng cun chiu khng lm phn Top-base ch su trc th cn cha li
khng t hn 4 hng phu v mi pha xung quanh h o su. Ch thi cng phn Top-base cha li ny sau khi thi
cng c Top-base v kt cu ngm ny vt trn cao ca phn Top-base cha li.
6.5. Trng hp t Top-base trn nn t p
Cn s dng loi t c tnh nn ln tt, thun nht lm vt liu p.
Ch nn p nn n cao t phu th dng li, m nn, thi cng xong Top-base ri mi p tip nn cho din
tch xung quanh.
Nh vy khi lp t phu v b tng rt thun tin, song khi chn v m dm s tn nhiu . Khc phc hin
tng ny bng cch bc vi a k thut ln n cao nh Top-base dm ch nm trong th tch vi a k
thut nh trc.
7. Nghim thu thi cng Top-base
Cc tiu ch qun l trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng v nghim thu sn phm thi cng Top-base nh sau:
1. Khng c h hi, nt v v.v, trn cc Top-block b tng.
2. Cao lp t v v tr ca cc phu b tng phi tun theo ng vi cc bn v thit k.
3. Khi lp t cc Top-block b tng, phi m bo bng phng v xoa nhn b mt b tng ( d lm sch
trc khi btng kho nh Top-block).
+ Chiu su vt chn cn st li cho php trong khi b tng c ti cng trng l bng chiu cao phn vnh ca
Top-block b tng.
+ lch phng cho php ca b mt b tng trong cc Top-block b tng l 5%.
4. Vic chn v m dm phi bo m c chc, do vy qu trnh gim st phi c tin hnh nh di y:

+ Vic chn y v m rung dm c cho l t yu cu khi khng xut hin ln st dm chn khi c
va p mnh vi li thp hoc trc tip trn mt dm v.v
+ Sau khi xc nhn rng vic chn dm v m rung l t yu cu, phi m bo rng b mt bn trn ca lp
dm chn gia cc phu Top-base l hon ton ngang bng vi b mt cc phu b tng.
8. Mt s v d thc hnh xy dng
Mt s cng tc thc hnh thi cng xy dng c tin hnh nhm mc ch ci thin nn t t nhin (nn t ban
u) nh trong Hnh 3.8 minh ho di y:
Hnh 3.8. Mt s v d thc hnh Top-base
(Thi cng xy dng 1) c sn cc tng chn bng cc khi b tng hnh ch L (Fig 9.23)
Mt tng chn loi ch L c sn c tip nhn nh mt kt cu trong nn t hn hp. bn nn khng hn
ch trung bnh qu=0.28kgf/cm2 c c t vic t mu th c chiu cao 3.5-4.3m t mt mu tng chn mng trn
nn t st ban u.

V cc kt qa th nghim vt l cho vic ly mu nh minh ho trong Fig 9.23. cc lp st su hn 4mm so vi b

mt y ca cc tng chn th vic s dng phng php Top-base l chp nhn c v n rt kinh t. Hnh nh
mt ct ngang (tit din) trong trng hp ny c minh ho trong Fig 9.23.
(Thi cng xy dng -2) mng cu hnh hp (Fig 9.24)
Mt mng cu hnh hp c thit k cho mt cy cu ti 1 con sng a phng. Mc d c s xem xt n rt
nhiu phng php thi cng mng khc nhau do c nn t yu, phng php Top-base vn c la chn s dng
v c hiu qu kinh t v ph hp vi iu kin thi cng ti hin trng.
i vi cng tc thi cng o t, phng tin bo v h mng dng cc vn thp, v vic thi cng mng Top-base
v mng hnh hp c tin hnh thun tin lp t ton b cc phu b tng trn mt hng ngang b mt y ca
mng hp c s dng, do vy mt ct ngang v nht k kho st v trong trng hp ny oc minh ho trong
Fig 9.24.
(Thi cng xy dng -3) Thi cng mng xy dng cho 1 to nh 3 tng (Fig 9.25)
Kt cu mng gia cng cho to nh 3 tng cp trn c thit k ti v tr dng xy nh trn vng t
trng trt. su ca nn gia c l 17m do vy vic s dng mng cc phi c xem xt li trn phng din thit
k, nhng mng Top-base li c chp thun s dng v rt kinh t v v n l mt phng php ci thin nn t
rt hiu qu.
Mt ct ngang ca to nh v nht k kho st t c minh ho trong Fig 9.25.
Nn t t nhin ban u l st bn c gi tr N=0~3 ln ti 5m v su vi s gia tng lng bn N = 4~15 ti cc
su ln hn.
9. Cc im cn lu
9.1. Cc lu trong qu trnh thit k
Khi thit k 1 lp Top-base m cha p ng yu cu do ti trng thit k qu ln c th thit k Top-base 2 lp
hoc m rng din tch b tr Top-base. Khi p dng phng php m rng din tch thi cng, ch c th t cc
phu b tng nh ln hn 1 na chiu cao ca phu so vi y mng, lp mng b tng pha trn ln pha trn ca
lp phu Top-base do vy ti trng c th c phn b u trn cc phu b tng v.v

9.2. Cc lu trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng : Khi thi cng Top-base nn t c bn th sau
khi o vt n ct t Top-base phi ri lp vi a di b mt y nhm gi sch b mt trong
sut qu trnh thi cng . Cn nhng nn t cng th phi m cht v phng b mt ti ct t
Top-base
10. Nhng tiu chun k thut chung v cc quy trnh th ti
10.1. Hnh dng, kch thc v cht lng ca sn phm Topbase
- Hnh dng v kch thc ca khi Top-base phi l sn phm b tng c ti ch nh m t ti Hnh 3.9.
- Cht lng ca cc khi b tng Top-base c ti ch s c m bo vi b tng trn sn mc 100 (hoc 200
khi dng bm) theo TCVN.

- bn nn ca khi b tng Top-base phi bo m ln hn 60kg/cm 2.

- Cc thanh thp gia cng nh v thanh thp nh v pha di ca Top-base phi l cc thanh thp xy dng c
ng knh =12mm.
- Kch thc ca ct liu cho chn khe gia cc Top-block phi l dm ng knh < 25mm.
Hnh 3.9. Cu to Top-Block
10.2. Quy trnh th ti nn nn Top-base
Tin hnh th ti bn nn nhm xc nh kh nng chu ti ca nn t ban u hoc ca nn gia c bng Topbase v nhm xem xt v an ton ca mng.
Th ti c tin hnh bng cch cht ti trng ln bn nn t trc tip nn t cn th nghim v o ln ca
nn trong qu trnh tng, gim ti trng.
Vic th ti c tin hnh thng qua mt tm bn nn t trc tip trn nn Top-base, do vy kch thc ca bn
nn phi c chn sao cho ph hp thit k ca Top-base v mc ti trng p dng. i vi Top-base ng knh
500 nn dng bn nn c ng knh l 30-50cm ( nu thit k 1 lp Top-base chu ti) hay 1.0mx1.0m (nu
thit k 2 lp Top-base chu ti).
Cc phng php th ti phi da trn cc quy nh v th ti theo tiu chun Hip hi a k thut ca Nht Bn
(JSF-T25-80) hoc cc tiu chun cng nghip Hn Quc (KSF2444).
iu kin ca hin trng th ti bao gm:
(a) Ti mt phn ca nn sau khi hon thnh gia c bng Top-base v
(b) Khi hon thnh xong vic lp t topbase nhng cha tin hnh kho nh cc khi Top-block, cha thi cng
xy dng kt cu mng bn trn.
Qu trnh th ti s dng bn nn nh minh ho trong Hnh 3.10 v 3.11.

Hnh 3.10. Th nghim th ti cng

Hnh 3.11. Th nghim th ti cng
trng xy dng xong
trng cha xy dng
tham kho, vui lng xem kt qu vic kim tra kh nng chu ti ca mng Top-base c tin hnh ti
Chungdam dong Daewoo do Vin nghin cu k thut Daewoo tin hnh di y.
Plate Bearing Test

Top-base foundations
Design load

Yield load

Settlement then

PBT - 1

10.50 t/m2

27.60 t/m2

14.29 mm

PBT - 2

10.50 t/m2

28.00 t/m2

14.62 mm

Allowable bearing
capacity
13.80 t/m2 > 10.50
t/m2 O.K
14.00 t/m2 > 10.50
t/m2 O.K

MT S CNG TRNH TIU BIU TI HN QUC S DNG CNG NGH TOP-BASE

LP T TRNG SAU DNG CNG NGH TOP-BASE LM BI CONGTENNO

CNG NC HP I L IKSAN

TNG CHN T BUSAN

CHI NHNH VN PHNG CNG TY KIM TON KT&G

TOP BASE NG DNG VIT NAM