201257 623,3 (12:5014:20)

2A

CRCauchy

18

Email: hu@rs kagu tus ac jp

Email:hu@rs.kagu.tus.ac.jp

(1.5),1.6,1.7,1.8

 1.5
(a) u ( x, y ) = e x cos y
v u v
u
u ( x, y ) v( x, y )

=
,
=

y x x
y
CauchyRiemann
Cauchy
Riemann

v
dy = e x cos ydy = e x sin y + C1 ( x)
y

v
u
v
x
=
= e sin y v = dx = e x sin ydx = e x sin y + C2 ( y )
x
y
x

v u
=
= e x cos y
y x

=
=

v=

C1 ( x) = C2 ( y ) = C
(C )

v( x, y ) = e x sin y + C

f ( z ) = u ( x, y ) + iv ( x, y ) = e x cos y + i (e x sin y + C )
= e x (cos y + i sin y ) + iC = e x e iy + iC = e x +iy + iC = e z + iC

(b) v( x, y ) = y (3x 2 y 2 1)
u v u
v
v( x, y ) u ( x, y ) = ,
=
x
x y y

u v
=
= 3 x 2 3 y 2 1 u = (3 x 2 3 y 2 1) dx = x 3 3 xy 2 x + C4 ( y )
x y
u
v
2

= = 6 xy u = 6 xydy = 3 xy + C3 ( x)
y
x
=

C3 ( x) = x 3 x + C0 , C4 ( y ) = C0 C
( 0 )

u ( x, y ) = x 3 3 xy 2 x + C0
f ( z ) = u ( x, y ) + iv ( x, y ) = x 3 3 xy 2 x + C0 + iy (3 x 2 y 2 1)

( x + iy ) 3

( x + iy )

( x + iy ) 3 = ( x + iy ) 2 ( x + iy ) = ( x 2 y 2 + 2ixy )( x + iy )
= x 3 3 xy 2 + iy (3 x 2 y 2 )
f ( z ) = ( x + iy ) 3 ( x + iy ) + C0 = z 3 z + C0

(c) w = f ( z ) = tan 1 ( z ) z = tan w =

sin w

cos w

eiw e iw
eiw + e iw
sin w =
, cos w =
2i
2

eiw = cos w + i sin w

i (eiw e iw )
iw
iw
iw
iw
iw
iw
z=
z
(
e
e
)
i
(
e
e
)
(
i
z
)
e
(
i
z
)
e

+
=

eiw e iw

eiw
(i + z )e

2 iw

= (i z ) e

2 iw

iz
=
i+z

i
iz
iz

w
=

2iw = log
log

2
i+z
i+z
z = x + iylog
1 x 2 y 2 + 2 xi
x + (1 y )i
iz
log
= log 2
= log

2
+
+
+
+
+
i
z
x
(1
y
)
i
x
(1
y
)

= log 1 x 2 y 2 + 2 xi log x 2 + (1 + y ) 2

log 1 x 2 y 2 + 2 xi = log(rei ) = log rei ( + 2 n ) = log r + i ( + 2n )

2x
r = (1 x y ) + 4 x , = arctan
1 x2 y2
2

2 2

w=
=

i
i
log
g
+
(

+
2

)
+
( + y ) 2
r
i
n
[
] logg x 2 + (1
2
2
+ n +

i
log
g x 2 + ((1 + y ) 2 logg r
2

u =

v =
=

+ n =

1
2x
arctan
+ n
2
2
2
1 x y

1
log x 2 + (1 + y ) 2 log r
2

1
1
log x 2 + (1 + y ) 2 log (1 x 2 y 2 ) 2 + 4 x 2
2
4

 1.6

a m
a m +1
a1
+
++
+ a0 + a1 ( z z0 ) +
f ( z) =
m
m 1
( z z0 )
( z z0 )
( z z0 )

a m 0z z0 m: z = z0 , m
lim( z z0 ) m f ( z ) = a m = 0
z z0

lim( z z0 ) m 1 f ( z ) = ,
lim( z z0 ) m +1 f ( z ) = 0
z z0

z z0

1
f ( z )

m
n
( z z1 ) ( z z2 )
z = z1 (m) z = z2 (n)z1 z2

lim(( z z0 ) m f ( z ) = a m = 0 m

z z0

f ( z) =

(a)

(b)

1
1
=
z 2 4 ( z 2)( z + 2)

z = 2 ()

0
z = 2
1
1
= 0
z = 2
lim( z 2) f ( z ) = lim
z 2
z 2 z + 2
4
1
1
lim ( z + 2) f ( z ) = lim
= 0
z = 2
z 2
z 2 z 2
4

1
1
f ( z) = 2
=
2
( z + 1)
( z + i)2 ( z i)2

z = i (2)

0
z = i

1
1
=

0
z i
z i ( z i ) 2
4
1
1
2
lim( z i ) f ( z ) = lim
= 0
z i
z i ( z + i ) 2
4
lim ( z + i ) 2 f ( z ) = lim

z = i 2

z = i 2

1
(c) f ( z ) = 2 , 0 : z = n
sin z
z3
2
z 2
2
sin z = ( z + ) 2 = z 2 +
3!
2
2
( z n )
( z n )
2
2
lim ( z n ) f ( z ) = lim
= lim
= lim
= 1 0
2
2
2
2

z n

z n

z n

sin z

(sin z )

z n

2(cos z sin z )

z = n 2

0
2
0

0
0
0
lim = lim = lim
(1 )
0
0
0

(d)

f ( z ) = e1/(1 z ) ,

0 z = 1

e1

1/(1 z )

1
1
( z 1)
=
=
=
n
n
n
( z)
(1)) ( z 1))
(1)) n
n = 0 n !(1
n = 0 n !(
n = 0 n !(

zn
e =
n =0 n !
z

z=1

1.7z=z0
f ( z ) = am ( z z0 ) m
m

1
2
n
|t|<1
=
1
+
t
+
t
+

=
t

1 t
n =0
n

1
1
1 1
1 1
1
=
=
= = n +1 |t|>1

1
1
1 t t ( t 1)
t 1 t
t n =0 t
n =0 t

2Taylor

(a)

z = 0 f ( z ) = am z m

1
f ( z) =
[ z = 0]
z (1 + z )

1
1
1
1
n
f ( z) =
=
= ( z ) = (1) n z n 1
z (1 + z ) z 1 ( z ) z n =0
n =0

| z |=| z |< 1 (z = 0)

1
1
1
1 n
1 1
1
= 1
=
= ( )
| z |> 1
1
1 + z z z + 1 z 1 ( z ) z n =0 z
1
1
f ( z) =
= 2
z (1 + z ) z

1 n
n n2
(

)
=
(

1)
z

z
n =0
n =0

(b)

1
[ z = 1]
f ( z) =
z (1 + z )

z = 1 f ( z ) = am [ z (1)]m am ( z + 1) m

1
1
1
1
f ( z) =
=
,
( z + 1)
z ( z + 1) z ( z + 1)
z

1
1
n 1
1
1
1
n
f
(
z
)
=

(
z
+
1)

=
=
= ( z + 1)
(
1)
z
z
+
n =0
z ( z + 1) 1
1 ( z + 1)
n =0

| z + 1|< 1 (
( z = 1)
)
| z + 1|> 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
=
=

1
z ( z + 1) 1 z + 1 1
z + 1 n =0 ( z + 1) n
z +1
1
2 z

(c )

f ( z ) = z e , z = 0

1 1
f ( z) =
= ( z + 1) n 2
z ( z + 1) n =0

z = 0 f ( z ) = am z m

eTaylor

1 1
1
1 1
1
2 z
2
e = =
, z e = z =
n
n2
n =0 n ! z
n =0 n ! z
n =0 n ! z
n =0 n ! z
1
z

(d )

1
[ z = i]
f ( z) = 2
z +1

z = i f ( z ) = am ( z i ) m

1
1
1
=
,
2
z + 1 ( z i) ( z + i)

1
( z i )
z +i
n

1
1
1
1
1
z i
=
=
=
=

z + i z i + 2i 2i (1 + z i )
z i 2i n =0 2i
2i 1

2i
2
i

n 1
( 1) n z i
(
)
1
f ( z) =
=
( z i )( z + i ) n =0
(2i ) n +1
z i
|
|< 1 z = i
2i
z i
|
|> 1
| z i |> 2
2i
n
1
1
1
1
1
=
=
=
z + i z i + 2i ( z i ) (1 + 2i ) ( z i )
z i

2i

1
(
)

z i

1
(2i ) n
f ( z) =
=
( z i )( z + i ) n =0 ( z i ) n + 2

1
2i

( z i ) n =0 z i

1.8

f ( z ) = z1/3
z

1/3

= ( x + iy )

1/3

=r

1/3

n = 0,1, 2

= re

1/3

= re

i ( + 2 n )

1/3

= r1/3ei( + 2 n ) /3

2n
2n
1/3
cos( +
) + ir sin( +
)
3
3
3
3

r = x2 + y2
y
= arctan
x

z = 0 : :
+ 2n

f ( z) =

df ( z )
f ( z + h) f ( z )
= lim
| h| 0
dz
h

z = 0 + 2n z1/3
z = 0hf ( z + h)