Motion picturesThe Indian film industry produces the world's most-watched cinema .

[295] Established regional cinematic traditions exist in the Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, Tamil, and Telugu languages.[296] South Indian cinema attracts more than 75% of national film rev enue.[297] Television broadcasting began in India in 1959 as a state-run medium of communication, and had slow expansion for more than two decades.[298] The sta te monopoly on television broadcast ended in 1990s and, since then, satellite ch annels have increasingly shaped popular culture of Indian society.[299] Today, t elevision is the most penetrative media in India; industry estimates indicate th at as of 2012 there are over 554 million TV consumers, 462 million with satellit e and/or cable connections, compared to other forms of mass media such as press (350 million), radio (156 million) or internet (37 million).[300]