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Mixtures
A combination of two or more pure substances
that are not chemically combined. substances held together by physical forces, not chemical No chemical change takes place Each item retains its properties in the mixture Can change in physical appearance, but do not change chemically (sugar disappearing when it dissolves) Chem4kids.com They can be separated physically
Types of Mixtures:
1. Heterogeneous- not the same throughout (not evenly mixed)
Particles are generally large enough to be seen
and separated from the mixture The particles may separate out when allowed to settle Examples of heterogeneous mixtures: concrete, a bag of jellybeans or M&Ms, salad, cereal and milk, chicken noodle soup
Types of Mixtures:
2. Homogeneous (well mixed)- looks the same throughout
Particles are too small to be seen and do not settle
dissolve. Examples of colloids: milk, whipped cream, toothpaste, suntan lotion. Solutions- when the particles are mixed together and dissolve Examples of solutions: lemonade, iced tea, salt water, gatorade
Solutions:
Solutions are made up of two parts:
Solute: what is being dissolved
substance
Example: Sugar is soluble in water
substance
Example: Sand is insoluble in water
physical properties. The particles that make up the substance are all alike
Elements
pure substance that cannot be separated into
simpler substance by physical or chemical means. All elements are found on the periodic table. If it is not on the periodic table, it is not an element!
Elements
The particles that make up an element are called
atoms
Atoms: the smallest particle of an element that still
has all the properties of that element (it is the smallest form of the element that can still be called that element)
Example: an atom of gold is the smallest particle of gold
Carbon is C)
Compounds
Pure substance Made up of two (or more) elements that are
chemically combined (bonded) The ratio of elements in a compound is always the same
This means it can be written by a chemical formula
oxygen using electric energy Chemical reactions can also separate compounds
Compounds
The properties of a compound is completely
and chlorine (Cl) is a poisonous gas, but when they are chemically combined they form sodium chloride (NaCl)also known as table salt
Compounds are made up of molecules.
Molecules are two or more atoms chemically
Chemical Formulas
Chemical formulas are a shorthand way of
representing chemical substances. Most chemical formulas represent compounds, but every once and a while a formula can represent a molecule of an element
Example: on the periodic table oxygen is
molecule, a subscript (small number on the lower right side of the symbol) is used to show how many atoms there are.
Chemical Equations
It is like a sentence that describes a chemical
carbon dioxide
Chemical Equation: C + O2 CO2
information to be shown but in a shorter simpler way If there is more than one molecule of the element or compound in the equation, a coefficient (number in front of the symbol or formula) is used to show how many molecules there are
Example: 2H2 + O2 2H2O
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/elements_com_mix_6.shtml
compounds.
Notes
Detailed notes are located at:
http://www.middleschoolscience.com/elementscompounds-mixtures-notes-isn.pdf
Flow Chart:
http://www.middleschoolscience.com/matter-flowchart-isn.pdf