Present simple

:

.

: Subject + verb (s) +object
) (s
: ) (s
1:

He , She , It

) (s
) (s
.../ Examples: He sings in his room.
.
She eats the apple.

It snows in Alaska
.
) (s
He , She , it

We , they , I , you )(s
2 . ) (s
/Examples Naser sings in his room .

Faten eats the apple.

.

The Internet stops suddenly.

.
:
Subject + verb +object
) ( s
*

I , you , they ,we/ Examples
They watch the T.V every day.

I watch the T.V every day.
.
) (s :
They watches the T.V every day.
) (s They
He , She ,it
: Is , am , are:
Is >>>>>>singular
) (is ) (She , He , it
:
She is a Muslim .

He is a Muslim .
.

It is a nice book.
.

Huda is a Muslim girl.

.

Are>>>>>>>>plural
Are ) (They ,we , you

:
They are Muslims.
.

We are Muslims
.

You are Muslim.

.
Am I .
:
I am from Saudi Arabia.
.
I is are

?When to use the present simple
/

).Actions which happen regularly (every day, every week, etc.

/Examples
They go to school every day.
.
.
She takes a shower every Friday.
.
.
/ ( ,)...
/Examples
The sun rises from the east.

The earth goes round the sun.

.
/
Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
.

* Do / Does
do :
I , you , they ,we
does :
He , she ,it
notDo / Does
Do / Does+ not
:
I do not like rice.
.
She does not like rice.

:
She is a Muslim.


:
? V+Subject+the rest of the sentence +
...
?Is she a Muslim

.

They watch the T.V every day.

:

?Do they watch the T.V every day

* :
Always, usually, often, generally, frequently, never, sometimes,
almost

Present Continuous

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*

.

?What do we mean by the term Present Continuous
( )
.


.
*
?When to use the Present Continuous
:
/
.
. .
Now
/ Examples
Naser and Mohammad are playing football now .

 .
(( ))
.
/

.
/ Examples

Salem is working for an oil company.

.
(( ))

.
(()) .

Mary is studying music in New York.

.
(( ))

. (( ))
.
/

 .
.
/ Examples

We are buying anew car as soon as the new models come out.
.

(( ))

.
As soon as

The new student is arriving next week.

.
(( ))

.
Next week

/
. always
/Example
My young son always is learning new things.
.

Wake up ! you are always sleeping.

.
.
/
.
/ Examples
I am taking five course this semester.
.
.
She is writing another book this year.
.
.
&
? How to form The present Continuous
..

) (ing
(is-am- are)
:
/
I + am + V -ing

 I ( am I )am
)(ing

I am reading a nice story now.

.
/
)( she-he-it) + is + V (ing
She-he -it
is )(ing
..
She is trying to improve his work .
.
It is raining.
.
/
)(we-you-they)+ are+ V (ing
we-you-they
are )(ing
:
They are sleeping now.
.
You are singing beautifully.
.

 / ((!!!))



:
/
Mental state

(know-realize-understand-recognizebelieve-feel-suppose-think-imagine)doubt-remember-forget-want-need-prefer-mean

He is knowing.

He knows
/
Emotinal state
)(love-like-appreciate-hate-dislike-fear-envy-mind -care
/
)Possesion(posses-have-own-belong

 /
Sense perception
)(taste-smell-hear-feel-see
/
(seem-look-appear-cost-owe-weigh-be-exist-consist of- contain)include

* :
?How to form the negative
not

They are sleeping now.

.
not
Is-am-are
:
They are not sleeping now.
.
*
How to form Questions in Present Continous

..

They are sleeping now.

?Are they sleeping now

The Present Perfect

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------* /
(( )) The Present Perfect tense .

..
..
/
?))What do we mean by the term ((Present Perfect

(( _ -.......))
. :
* . .
* .
,,,, :

(( )) :

(( ))

 .
.
..
Nora: Read this book , it is very nice.
Halh: I have read it already.


. .
*
?How to form the present perfect tense

Have/has Past participle
:
Has /have + Past participle
(( )) :
has
She-he-it has
:
)Subject+has+ V(past participle

She-he-it has
.
/ Examples
She has learned French already.
.

He has lost his keys.

.
have
I-you-we-they have
:
)Subject+have+ V(past participle

I-you-we-they
have
.
/ Examples
I have met many people since I came here in june.
.
We have been here for two weeks.
.

They have studied the lesson very good.

.
*
?When to use the Present Perfect tense
:
(0))
. since
:
I have met many people since I came here in June.
.


.
He has spoken English since he was achild .
.

(( )) (( )) .
: :
(( )) .
for:
He has studied English for along time.
.

(( ))
.

They have been here for several years.

.

(( )) .

: :
(( )) .:

He has played football from time to time.

.

.
He has appeared on television Occasionally.
.

: :
.
:
He has just left.
.
She has worked very hard this week.
.

forSince
Since
:
I have met many people since I came here in June.
.

For
:
He has studied English for along time.
.
.

?How to make questions


..
They have studied the lesson very well.
X
:
?Have they studied the lesson very well
have they ...

* The negative

notnever
have/has
:
They have studied the lesson very well.

They have not studied the lesson very well.

:
already

:
She has already gone.


Just .
- .
:
?Do you like something to eat
No I have just had lunch.
Yet
.
:

I have written the letter but I havent posted it yet.
.
:
?Has it stopped raining yet

*: .
:
This is the first time I have driven a car.
.

:
Have you ever+V past participle

?Have you ever eaten caviar

.
?Have you ever read Hamlet

The Past simple

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
?What do we mean by The past Simple Tense

. .
,,,, .

( ) .

?How to form the Past simple Tense

:
: ( )
)(ed
.
:
Regular Verbs

..
....
.. :
Subject+ V-ed+ Complement
Ed .
:
It rained yesterday.
.
Rain
ed .
Naser arrived last night.

.
ed .

:
ed .

 .

Irregular Verbs

.
( )
.

( )
.
:

/
. :
Yesterday
last night
year ago
last week
last month

Examples:
It rained yesterday.
.

Naser arrived last night.

They came here ayear ago .
/ .
.
Examples:
He went to town .
.
.
He spoke to the captin about it.
( . )
/
. .
Examples:
He went to town .
.
.
He spoke to the captin about it.

 ( . )

The negative

I walked to school yesterday

did not
Didnt

:
I Didnt to school yesterday.
.

did .Didnt
:
?Did you go out last night

did
..

?When did Yaser die

/ beis-am-are
:
was -were
/ did

was -were

the past perfect

:
had + 0
I had gone - He had gone - She had gone
It had gone - You had gone - We had gone
They had gone
:
1 0 00
0

Alan had no money last Sunday . He'd spent it all

0 0
** ' d had
I had spoken to Mr.Johnson before the meeting began
0
I didn't go to see the film last night because I'd seen it before
0
2 when + 0
** :
When I got to the station , the train had left
0
( : )
When I got to the station , the train left
0
( : )
When I got to the stadium , the game started
0
( )
When I got to the stadium , the game had started
0
( )

*** :
as soon as - after - by the time
As soon as I had told her the news , I regretted it
0
After we had passed our exams , we went to celebrate
0
*** after
after 00
0
After we passed our exams , we went out to celebrate
0
The patient had already died by the time I saw her
0
** by the time
0
They had eaten everything by the time I arrived at the party
0
2 0 By 1984 , we had waited seven years for an answer
1891 0
It was June 1991 , Ann and Michael had just got married
1881 0

3 0
We looked round the museum and then we went to a restaurant
0
:
------------ not n't had
I had not gone 0
I hadn't gone 0
** hadn't had not
:
------------- had 0
Had I gone
? Had she already arrived when you got to the station

No, she hadn't 0

The Passive
Voice

.:
The door was opened

Coffee is grown in Brazil

.
.

Present

Singular

Plural

is + Past Participle

Are + Past Participle

was + Past Participle

were + Past Participle

Past

past participle + are/is+

past participle + were / was +

:
English is spoken in many countries
.
:
Monkeys are found in forests

:
The telephone was invented by Graham Bell

:
The books were put on the table


.
Tense in the passive

Tense in the active

Is / are + past participle

Present simple

John is given a dollar everyday

Ex: someone gives John a dollar

everyday

Is \are + being+past participle

Present continuous

A house is being built

Ex: they are building a house

Was \ were + past participle

Past simple

I was given a present

Ex: someone gave me a present

Was\were+being + past participle

Past continuous

A film was being made

Ex: they were making a film

Have/has been + past participle

Present perfect

I have been sent a letter

Ex: someone has sent me a letter

Had been + past participle

Past perfect

I had been sent a letter

Ex: someone had sent me a letter

Will be + past participle

Future

The thief will be cought

Ex: they will catch the thief

Must can should have to +

be+past participle

Must can should have to

A solution must be found

Ex: they must find a solution