2012/2013:

:
3 :

- --

: ) (2+1

:
:
1
-1

-2

-2-1 A .Z
-2-2

-3

-4 :
x

+ y +
x .y

(m=1(Kg

-5

-5-1 N 0 .
-5-2 A0.
-5-3 10
:
( (M (t =8.5. 108 (ans : Na = 6.02. 1023 :

) =235 (g /mol :
((mol-1

:
:31
.I :32
32
.
:

(=1.008665

30

((m

)m( P
(=29.97006(u

)m( P
(=31.9783(u

Na =6.02.1023

(M(32 P)=32 (g/mol

m( 30Si)=29.967(u
(

(=1.00728(u m
(u

) u) = 931.5 )1

32

(14.3(jours
)m(e
(=0.000549(u

17

Cl

S
16

15

Si

14

13

Al

12

Mg

32

=)P

11

Na

 -1.1 .
-1.2 .32
.

-1.3

-1.4 .32
-2 (m0 = 10 (g .32
-2.1 N0 .
-2.2 .
-8

-2.3 :

-2.4 .32
-2.5 .32
.II :30

-1

30

. P

-2 . P 30
-3

30

. P

-4 31) = ) 8.48
) :

30

(P

( )

31

-5 30

-6 MeV jouls .

:
-2 -2- ) CH3)3CBr RBr :
+
Br-(aq
(RBr+ H2O = ROH + H (aq) +
(V(eau)=100(ml = )ml)( RBr V )1
RBr .
(K = 0.01(m 1- =25 C
(d (RBr)=0.87, M(RBr)=136.9 (g/mol), (eau)=1(g/ml :
-1.1
-1.2 .
-2.1 n0 . RBr
-2.2 .
-3 :
X V H+) , (Br-) ) :
-4 :
(G(t . (Br-) (H+)
-5 =45 C
.2
-5.1
.
-6-1 Gf
H+), (Br-), n0, V, K ) :
-6-2 :
-6-3 :
-6-4 =25 C : . =45 C
: Gf .

 :
(mmol/l)60 ) H2C2O4 ,
(2H2O .
-1 (ml)100 S1
(M(H2C2O4 ,2H2O)= 126(g/mol
Cr2O7-2 (ml)50 S1
(ml)50 S2 .(C2= 16 (mmol/l
-2 H2C2O4 : . Cr2O7-2
-3 (Cr2O7-2/ Cr+3), ( CO2/ H2C2O4 ) :
-4-1 .
-4-2 .
-4-3 .
-4-4 .
-4-5 [[Cr+3 X .
-5 [[Cr+3 :
(t (s
0
10
20
40
50
100
150
160
180
+3
] Cr
0
2
5
8.8
10
14
15.6
16
16
[((mmol/l
)cm
-6 [[Cr+3 t 20(s), 1(cm))1:
(2(mmol/l
+3
-7 . [[Cr
-8 (t =0(s : . (t=50(s