Annotated Bibliography Bolton, Sarah. "Physics of Musical Instruments." Lecture. Williams College, Williamstown. Web. 8 eb. !"#$. %htt&'((youtu.be()*+,lPc-S.M/.

Sarah Bolton provides a detailed overview of how sound waves are created. She touches on the overtone series, intervals, and sine waves. The lecture also includes many demonstrations of resonance, using string, tuned blocks, and pendulums. The mathematics of sound waves is featured, but only slightly. The most useful part of this lecture was the demonstrations used to supplement the information presented. nlike any other source !"ve found so far, every concept is backed by a tangible e#ample. This lecture is more technical than most other sources, but does not include any particularly comple# math. This has been one of my most useful sources. !t left me with a deeper understanding of sound waves and their interactions that will be useful in my pro$ect. This video provoked me to potentially focus my pro$ect more on the internal resonances in everyday ob$ects, a topic ! had not previously considered much. ic0lin, -. 1!"#!, -uly #23. -are4 ic0lin' 5ew Ways to See Music 1with Color6 an4 ire63 78i4eo ile9. .etrie:e4 rom htt&'((youtu.be(-c+.4b;< a" !n this talk, %ared &icklin details the process of visuali'ing sound via fire and color. (e creates a )uben"s Tube, which demonstrates sound waves with waves of fire, and derives works of art from popular songs. *hile ! would have liked to see more e#ploration into the methods and scientific principles behind these works are art, it was a interesting talk that left me curious about creating something similar.

!n a way, his pro$ect is almost my pro$ect in reverse. &icklin has taken music and created something scientific, and ! want to take something scientific and create music. *atching &icklin"s process is a good indicator of what my process might be like, but given that he did not describe his process in much detail, this talk might not be of much use. -eans, -ames. Science & Music. 5ew =or0' *o:er Publications, #+>8. Print. This book is e#tremely similar to Good Vibrations, focusing on the relationship between music and physics. +ike the first book, it strikes a good balance between the two areas of my research, without being too technical. (owever, Science & Music does contain enough hard science to interest someone with a deeper understanding of acoustics. &or my research, Science & Music will be a fantastic resource, as it so clearly demonstrates the relationship between music and science. Bruce ?essler, "@ "Soun4" @&&roach to ourier Aransforms' ,sing Music to Aeach Arigonometry" 2007 Bridges Donostia Conference Proceedings, <4ite4 by .. Sarhangi an4 -. Barrallo, AarBuin Publications, #2C)#$! 1!""D3. Bruce ,essler created a math curriculum that utili'es music to teach trigonometry. (e e#plains how he first captures his students" attention with a simple concept like music or color, then proceeds to e#plain the gory details. The paper is geared more towards &ourier Transforms, with an emphasis on the relationship between sine curves and transforms. The paper, while technical and math-intensive, is fun and simple to read. This is one of the more comprehendible of the few scientific papers ! have read so far, but it does not lack in content. The author does not touch upon music very often, and therefore this may not be as useful to my topic as ! have hoped, but he still e#amines sound waves themselves.

The most useful part of this paper was not the content, but the methods the author used to obtain his information. ,essler mainly used Audacity and .athmatica, programs which ! have now downloaded. The procedures he used to created and records sounds will be vital to my pro$ect. "Ahe Coolest Ahings Soun4 Wa:es *o." 7n.4.9. 8i4eo Cli&. @ccesse4 ebruary 8, !"#$. =ouAube. Www.=outube.com, htt&'((youtu.be(,4e8&PEaw?I This video is an informal, entertaining look at the applications of sound waves. Among others, sound waves can be used to levitate ob$ects, distort people"s vision, and be used as a weapon. The tone of the video is casual and rela#ed, which makes it more relatable then some of the other more technical resources ! found. +ike the T/0 talk, this video demonstrates that sound waves 1which contain energy2 can be used for more than $ust sound. This video would likely be interesting to people with no previous scientific interest or background. ! have considered using my pro$ect to inspire more people to become interest in science and mathematics, and this video serves as an e#cellent model. "Ahree)*imensional Mi4)@ir @coustic Mani&ulation 7@coustic Le:itation9 1!"#2,!"#$)3." 7n.4.9. 8i4eo Cli&. @ccesse4 ebruary 8, !"#$. =ouAube. Www.=outube.com, htt&'((youtu.be(o4-F-.@F4 , +ike the previous video, this demonstrated acoustic levitation, a topic which seems interesting to almost everyone. This video displays acoustic levitation in a way that seems completely counter-intuitive, as ob$ects are shown floating and moving without any visual assistance.

This video similar in style to the 03ews video, and lacks any technical details. !t is still a valuable source, nonetheless, and provides some inspiration as to what ! can use to demonstrate the physical nature of the songs ! compose. Par0er, Barry .. Good Vibrations: The Physics of Music. Baltimore' -ohns ;o&0ins ,P, !""+. Print. *hile ! have not had the chance to read the entire book yet 1! only have the online copy available, which has a limited number of pages2, it seems like an invaluable resources. Based on the table of contents alone, this book features pure tones, overtones, harmony, and roomacoustics. The book seems less one-sided than many other sources, as it contains a nice balance between music and physics. ! cannot yet tell how technical the book is, but ! am guessing it will not be too math intensive. Good Vibrations seems almost essential to my pro$ect. This is the only source ! have found so far that so clearly displays the tie between physics and music, which ! hope to feature in my compositions. Powell, -ohn. ";ow Music Wor0s' Ahe Magnificent *rin0ing Straw Gboe H the Mellifluous Beer Bottle lute." Science riday. 5.&., #D 5o:. !"#". Web. 8 eb. !"#$. %htt&'((sciencefri4ay.com(blogs(##(#D(!"#"(how)music)wor0s)the)magnificent) 4rin0ing)straw)oboe)"28)the)mellifluous)beer)bottle)flute.htmlI seriesJHinterestJHau4ienceJHauthorJ/. !n this article, %ohn 4owell describes the process of creating a straw oboe. (e then describes how the oboe makes sound, touching on the physics and acoustics of the instrument. There is no math or technical science in this article, and is geared more towards people who are less interested in physics. *hile the article is not specifically related to sound waves, is does give

a specific e#ample of how the overtones can influence the timbre of a instrument. This does not seem too relevant to my research, but a straw-oboe could be a vital instrument in one of my compositions. .aichel, *aniel .. The Science and !""#ications of !coustics. 5ew =or0' S&ringer Science Business Me4ia, !"">. Print. This book is by far the most technical resource ! have found so far. ! have not finished reading it, but from what !"ve read so far it seems most similar to Timothy Tussing"s thesis 1annotated below2. This book covers almost the entirety of acoustics in a very math centered way. ! do not imagine that this will be very useful, as it seems more like a study of the practical applications of acoustics, rather than musical applications. .ossing, Ahomas *. "Woo4win4 Instruments." The Science of Sound. .ea4ing, M@' @44ison)Wesley Pub., #++". !#2)!+. Print. Thomas )ossing"s e#cerpt is uni5ue among my resources in that it deals specifically in wind instruments, which have been difficult to find until now. )ossing describes in detail how wind instruments create sound, specifically focusing on reed6double-reed instruments and the flute. ! will look into finding the rest of his book, as the information seems to strike the perfect balance between technical and accessible. Since one of the instruments ! play is a woodwind, this source is great for composing a scientific inspired piece of music to be performed on a woodwind. This also serves as a guide to understanding multiple ways of creating sound, which ! have not yet come across in my research.

Aussing, Aimothy Mar0. "@nalysis of <ffects on Soun4 ,sing *iscrete ourier Aransform." Ahesis. Ghio State ,ni:ersity, !"#!. Print.

+ike the paper on music and trigonometry, this thesis covers more of the technical sides of &ourier transforms. The author mostly touches on the manipulation of sound and sound waves using technology and &ourier transforms. nlike Bruce ,eppler"s paper, Tussing does not relate his thesis back to music as much, limiting his use in my research. (owever, his paper is still relevant, and ! will make use of the technical aspects present in his thesis. "What is u& with 5oisesI 1Ahe Science an4 Mathematics of Soun4, reBuency, an4 Pitch3." 7n.4.9. 8i4eo Cli&. @ccesse4 ebruary 8, !"#$. =ouAube. Www.=outube.com, htt&'((www.youtube.com(watchI:JiK"*LF5eaM" This is one of the best resources !"ve found so far. 7i (art does a great $ob e#plaining the science behind music in ways that capture anyone interesting. She starts by discussing how sound waves forms, then moves on to discuss harmony, the overtone series, and timbre of different instruments. The overarching idea that she leaves her viewers is that the beauty of music is evident in its scientific basis, which is an idea ! hope to spread to my viewers. This has been an essential resource so far. 7i (art"s e#planations are so clear and easy to understand, and even included a piece of music inspired by the overtone series, which is similar to my pro$ect. +ike ,eppler"s paper, 7i (art also provides instruction on methods of music creation, namely, the software Audacity. 7i (art is also a musician by training, and although it would be difficult to contact her, and interview with someone so adept in both music and mathematics would be invaluable.