$ "
# 



W  

   -

       

   
     
  - -   :
:  
$%  ! 
   !" 
"# ,   

  


. 
(
"& '
,/0


1
& ,&,-
(
"&
." && ' 

 

*+

!3
3,96 
7
80 6.(
"&
234  %
  5
$3

.( 3:20086 > ) <",
&
' :
! " "8
:;& ,"
' %5
+
 A0
 B 4 %
& 

 @

!3 
.(111: 20056(9 ) '&,-
4C 
& :;&  /0

1
& ;
 > "&@

" >0@   6(%
 @

"9D
E$ 
F&
 " !  '&,-

 

    "5
 0"  H"9 
G  %,  6
 ' 
6 ,9) 6;3 E& " > 
* '
:@
 5
*@ H&
&(
&& ' :;(
.(67 : 2000
"K >  !   

 :; 
 !3
$ '  J 
*@  "&

&$
 (% &,) 80 ; 6

' ; 0" '
80
"+,  J 

(
"&
 7(  :; @   :;@
 > "+D &$  (L
...@  

(Mahyddin,et,2010,379)
!"(  ' '(
"&
!"(
; '
 

 

:& (
A

 ,
" :
M &
 :  "+,- & "% > 
:
((D ! 
J"  '
:

(44 :20096:8
)<"  ((D >  "%
J ' *@  > "( & ! 

1990)  N  '

:
 !3 !"( "(%  ";9  ",  "&

'( * %   1& !"(
 '
(
"& @"
J  '

* &


&,D 

( Tinto,1993 ) N (Bean6

,"
*

O 
7
 ! 


 >  ;
'
<& *  &
5
&
  15
:  (Bowker1993)",
 ;@
 :& J  " (1993) : ' (%50 ) >   '
:
 !"(
(
"9  @" " *  ,"-
;
"$  N&5
&@% ;  


.(Bowkery,1993:9-10);

&@

"&@ ' O%
*+
*( ' 
!3 !"( ,9  '
(
"&
:#  J   30
(
"&
:&

Winner,etal,2005

)("
&

Martinez,1998

)(
"&

"

Q 

 >  ( Danial,2010) (
"& (Roland,2006) ("
& ( Rausch&Hamilton,2006)
.'
:
 !3
!"( 1& ' ((5
*

 

 


*+
*( ' 
!3 &9"B
A
"
 '
(
"&
O ";# <"  
'(
"&
:;%, ( ' :;( 3
&9"B
A
"
 (Baker & Siryk, 1986)  *, (
"&
('(
"&
:; E() ',
"
:; &  " ,6 !3
<& !"(
5
 *@
@
E(  *@ 6;3
9-
' :;,"9  &4 6:RR;(%  :;
 (
6 (9 )(
S"  &4 '&,-


3,9 ",
N3
 S9
 , 6:;&
.(200 :2005
_ &@
) *&
 ' ";# & '(
"&
!"(
,9 ' % "# 2@  & 
;9 '

.0- "+U 
((D
, ' & "# '; 62
( & > (

;, ,;  5 M ' ,

 <"0
:&@
   "& > 
, ; !9

. E"- "  6"V   ;$% ;& "& ' %
&
5  
Q"
&
' '(
"&
!"(
5& 86 "
5 *+
*( >
:"  
"  !3
 (%17)1996 : ',"-
<"
2B
4," !( ,"5

( Willam & Gassama ,2006:1)

( 14:34) 

:
"
4 ""@ "9 &(
"
,
' '
:
 !"(
5&  
) %32: %27  
" ,
  "(
!(  '  (" 1430 ) : ' 

(5: 2009, :8

 & :5
 *(
 *@
79 & @
 : &
& >75
""@

"
"(
!3
&
&  8 1 &"0 &4 ' "(
!3
(   3(5
&(
8 &@ H1433/1432 :  6  (2021) H1432/1431 :  6  (1670) H1431 / 1430 :
. ( "1433 6 >%
: &
& )   (2591) ; 3 "(
!3
&
& 
> % '
 5
 "
3,9
:  '(
"&
!"(
 & (  > ((U
<"
"&;
   *,9 - @(
$ H"
& 6
'

(
" (

@7 & '(

"&
!"(
,9  (1996)<&9" ",   .2
( & ' &
 "9
$

 
' "(
25D *& > * 0 6 
8 <
:&@
 ' X@
%
X0 !( J 6 43
5
2%,  :( 5 0 , 9 * (  

"
&
.(35 :20016;
)E"   "( 7
&-
 @

";
O%
   @+

A
 '(
"&
!"(  >  ( 1996) : ',"5
<"
25
4," ""@ "9 J ,
 :;7
"# "@ (%
 
3,9
 "

"&
' *+ 
' "
. (Willam&Gassama,2006:2) :;

;
" : '
@"5
1
:# 4," &@ :
 
!3 !"( !(  
;%  

& (
$  &,-
3,9
  5
%
 9
S7
'

4," J & *@

' ; !"(
 (
"& ' ! 
"
"(
' "+D '
;
*


 "+,
;
 0" "+, 
!3   

 

"& ' 3$
:; ' ;;
 '
&&
 &&
1
&-
 X$
  (%

80

.(Constance,2004:515)

" ;
!
"05 ;;
 ' *9%
>  <&D & !   
"
0"% 
!
"/5
 &
; 

 5
 (%
3,9
   ";# J  ! ;4U

& &-
) (% "
 (
"&
:"8 "@  0" "+, 
 & <
!7,5

.(18:20096
R
R 

"& " *  D
" ! '
(
"&
 &4 >   J M

.&(

7
' ;& X 

&&
*$  "( && <,9 '&,-
&9"B
' ; *3 
& &$ +
 
:;@
 
"9D & (% 80 3,9  :; * (
"&

( X ' 

.'
:
 !"(
"  '
 &,
3,9 <&D '
 


:  "!
:%  "$:
(
"& ' 4," &(

 .0
  ; 
"
(
"&
&( Y1
"# "  !"(
,9 $3 >  5
 (%
H&U 

 


 
(%
!"(  %
H&U '


$3

 '
"
@(
(
"&
"& Y2

* : "
+

&
$ 
" & J  +
: && ' Y'(
"&

.;0  
"8

 $3  " (
"& ' +

:  "$

O "  
  ,( (
"& '(
"&
!"(
,9 (
"& (  JY1
 !3
 *  ((
0 
"

 
' "
"@
!. :; 2; *$ :
J"
&
"( '(
"&
!"( (%
  5
!(-
O 0 :; 
"
(
"&
*Y 2
. 
 Q"
&
' 2
( ,9
J  ",
$ &9"B
 5
 (%

: &"!
!"(
 
 

 

 $3
 " '  
"
(
"&
X&; Y1
,",
 
!3 <& '(
"&

!"(   D

' 

 

:
&(
, ' X$
>  (
"&
'(Y2
.'
:
 ! 


"
' '(
"&
!"(
 
Q@ (
2YY3

 '"(

): > 

' && >  N (
"&
H ' :% &

J

The probability of Dropout      : *!

&R@ 'R(
"&
!"(
:;% *3  '(
"&
!"(
 
:;% X" >  *
,
Y: %"
J  '(
"&
!"( && %" 1
"  &"
  " 2;
*$ (
"&
J" U '(
"&
!"(
(Kendall,1968 ) *
&, X"
("&
 
.@
U ( 1985) <&;
" 6""@
"
; *$ (
"&
J" :

.(22:20016;
)
"
2;
*$
*,(
*$ ; ," (
"&
 3,  @
! 
.@
U !"(  (1987).
&@
.(105 :20026
&
); *(
" ""@
"%

*& <
! 
U 
(
"&
 !"(
(Bean&Eaton,2000)    3, E"
J" 
((D  " *
   
 (% *

"# ; N"   ,

.(Bean, & Eaton, 2000:100) "8  3

; " 5 (
"& *, 
& ,
! 

'

(Cairns et al., 1989; Rumberger, 1995; Ensminger et al., 1996)  *, % ,

*$ 7
& %  @
"%  "0
 !3
.@
U '(
"&
!"(  &@

.(Michel,et,al,2001:407 )7; (
"& &
:&  N"

'
! 
.@
U '
!  '(
"&
!"(
(2002)HD34 J" X"

S" , %(

 6(
"&
&

' "",
!("
 '(
"&
X0
 :  (
"&

.(169 :20006"
 J")
"
B

X
&;(
>  D
"9D H"  '(
"&
!"(
 
:;% X" , (  ' 2
+3+ ' J  Z0 J(

 H  7(  H"9 '
 J
"& & N"
*$ (
"&
J" ! 

Y:' +
<" ' (
'0 , "  ! 
",% <( ' , (
"&
J" "  ' : +( ,
.
 
3,9 *, (
"&
J" *
  0 "+, , 7; (
"&
J" ' /"
" 9 ",-
"(  : - ,
J 
""  /" N"
> ; , & 
(
"&
J" ' ! 
:&@ ! 
<&
.*9% ,
(
"&
J" 5 :@ (
"&
J" ' /" % "
"$ 
>  ! 
* : .( ,
.J  ' 5 Z &$ J  "
X "
 

 0
(   0 /%
,
 
& &@ *
 & '(
"&
!"(
*
  '  '@"5
 <"#
1
"
"9
& (1970) : ' ,  (
"&  "
"(5
 '(
"&
!"(
"# "(% "# 0 !

!"( "(%
"#
*7
  '(
"&
!"(
!(- ' "# 0 ' "
",%

:@ 1993 : H" : ( 1987> 1975)";# <

 (Vincent Tinto) ,N ' '(
"&

N&5
 '&,-
*,
:& ' '(
"&
!"(
"(% (Vincent Tinto) & ((-
< &

'(
"& * <( 9 "( ( !  *,  N
O"% 6! 
<& ,' 5

X"  @
 
&
 "

>  X&; '
&,-
:#  :
4 3 &"%
7; (
234
 3 % ' *& ("&
   (
"&
 ' ! 
 , '&,-
*, 
; ' 5
N&5
 '&,5
*,
 *, ' 5
N&5
@  Q"&
7 20 
*,

"&$ @ 5 <
!   ; !"(
 (
"&
' "
"(5
"
"$ ! 

' "+U
. (Pascarella,& Terenzini,. 2005: 25)(
"&
 !"(  Z"
 ' 5
 '&,-

   %   '

!"(
"(% % <
<"#
N
 (Tinto,1993) &,D

'(7"
X&;
 X0 ' 
:
((D  !"(
"
"$ >  ! 
* > 4 $ U
:
((D *
& 1&  ' '(( *,9 4,"
"  !"(
 "(%  N

;
!3
* % " 5
 ' U $
& 

 ! 
 3 % 1
&  ' 

'("
"/ '("
<(
'

' 
:
((D *
& &
"5
  
 &,
3 %

. (Pascarella,& Terenzini,. 2005: 25)(

"&

Y:  20 ' '(

"&
!"(
(Finn ,1989)  "( J ,
! 
 :& *3  A !"(
  E" <
 (

 ) N  ; *-

@+ *@ 
 H"&@ O%
>  <&D '
*-
 *9%
4  '&, 4 < @ '
.@5
 !"( ! 
U X
; ' (
"&
 *-
 B
" 9 Q,  (%
., (
"&

20 ' '(
"&
!"(
(Finn)  "(% *5
 ,"9
N ; '+
N
' 
9-
'  %
,"9  ("& 734  'B
* %
'  ! 
,"9 <&
7 25
       ("& ' * 0 ! 
* %
 %3

  Q,
1&  ', N"
> (
"& ' H"
"( ! 
#%
 &4  

 ("& !
 /"
:&   ("& 734  N&5
 ,"9
"@% ! 
,
.(Finn,1989:118)

'(
"&
!"( U X
; ' 

 !3
0" <( ' 
 '(
"&
!"( "(% ( Bean,1990)  N &
,"9
 "
' 
7
 0"
' "+D

"8
X 0 
:;
"9 "+ 0"  O"  5
$3
 [,
4 ' 
&
 *5
 "
"@
 '
.(53-48 :2009 6:8
) 
 !3
!"( '
'0   1 
; % *

*
& J  6 :
:
 !"(
*
 && ' ",  +
&
 @+ ;U, ; ";# " *,9  
"+, *

H   ; *%
! 1
'@@
!(
, &$   "   
 &$
!

 , U, &"% &
 !
! 
J" ' "+ '   !(U :;( *
   J ,  J 
 *, 
(126:20016;
)(
"&

(% *


'

+  Z0
'(
"&
!"(
,9 @"-
 "#
&-

"
2
"@(5

 $
  ;  , !"(
!( &$
  
*


 *
&
:> 

      1  )1

  ' (William&Gassama,2006) (Wendy,1995) (Roderick,1993) *, %
Y :' , ' '(
"&
!"(
1& ' -
\ 
"& <&D  
*

0 $ (02)!
&

: <( O%
Y*
"(^ <&$5
<(
O%
Y*
"( 
" 3,9 & Y*
:  "(5
:
:& Y*
<&

O"
! 
J
"&
Y*
 0 3   1  )
.'&,
4
@ ' *9%
)*
.(
"&

""@
 Y*
.(-
 234
 :(5
:& Y*
.
((D
*
& - "9
:& Y*
 "!   #$ % -2
>  (
"&
"9 6'(
"&
!"(
 "

"8
 ' 5
 '(%


2( )1
'(%


2( "#   

!3  '(
"&
!"(
5& .%"

(Cullinan&Sanbornie, ) (
"&  ",
*( ' (%65)>  :;"( ( * ' 5

"  > ( Suh,L. et al,2007 ) (Lane & Smith, 2004) (Croninger &Lee,2001) 2004
>  0B ("& 
"$  (
:&  '(
"&
H"+  

 (
! 

David, et al )'(
"&
!"(
5&  &4 @
 !7,5, 
& 
"0
 
.(2011:19
)(
"& *+
*( ' (
"&
 &@ '(
"&
!"( (%
7
  %
&-2
O" '
 %
& "& > ( Michelle, et al. 2011)(
"& ( Alexander, et al. 2001
5
",
*( '

; "& && &

J

'(
"&
!"(
'
", &"%
;

 <


2( &"%
7; ' * '
*

 "(-
3,9
 0
O
"-
",

" ' :
 :
 !"( &
&(5


 ! 
"
"(
 ' "& 4" '
(%

"8
 :,
4,"  0
;-3
 *
& ! ( "
& >  (Parker,1999,2003) '(
"& "9
&@ 

 "(
*

 ! 
<& :,
4," '(
"&
!"( *
 :,
4,"  '
&
0
;
X$ " ; !8
 ;;
 ; ,
"&M /0
X$

  % ' 
 9

 
 *,9 H"
"(
' :; (
"&
80  :,
 "&@  ! 
"9 :,
4," '
*,9 <
(
"&
J"  *
, :,  "9
:&

&

& 1& Q,

 (
"&


.; :,
( 5 ! 
<& 80
& & 

 

*+ : Adjustment to College  
    )6

!3 :



'
7,
  (5
 :@ 9  J( U 

(2000 6 ,9 X
 ) X" 
.(100:20006 ,9)%
 '  &"%
@ >  X&; 
!

 .
-
 ,
,"
 6 ,

" >


  Super a "( &@



 &"% '

'(%
:#   <
 '



 ";#  <
X, 


X$
 ' ;(%  
" 
";#

 6 "V


 $3  ' 6 ' 5

(89:20026 <& 
)"/ '  *
 "(5
' 2
( &"%
; & '
%

X"  


 

:;% && >  !"@ :

 X" *
  &  &"%
 * %
U :


:;% >  "9 <
 (Arkoff,1986c) ,"

 

(Arkoff,1968) X"
   S7  ;  7
 ,
7@"
 '&,5
H4
' 0 ";# <
 ,    '5
! 
* % U 

  : %" (

"& 5& ' * <
 
  

!   '9

' * 

 :(
"/  

"/ ! 
6 N"
>  (
"&

.N"  *$ (

"& *,(
*$ 
 !"(
>  * (
"& "+ 0% 5&
&-
&& :;%  

 

(Baker&Siryk,1999)J"( ",  *, <"
&-
H ; :$U
! <
"-
"&
 .
'  

   ' <
) '((D


 '9


 '%


 ' 5


 6'&,-



'

. (Mahyuddin,et,al,2009:497
&

' &   U 

 

( 1984 6O Q ) X" ,
  :D

@ ,; 
 (
"&
&
 !(5 '
! 
; :@ '
"(

&

 0"
@+
  5
9-
 234
 (5
' ((-
;, 
7

.( 4-5:2008 6' )'(

"&
*
!( (
"&

("
H"
& : ' ! 
  

 

(,shields,2002) Q&9 X"
.(shields,2002:368) 

' ("
"/
R :R@ 'R
&;
*, 
' 
 
  (Mahuddin,et,al) HD34 & &@ J ,
!RR" 'RR RR;;
 'RR
!RR
 8RR0
XRR 'RR !RR8 !RR 

.(Mahuddin,et,al,2010:382)

;  , 


 

& J U ( 2008 :3(
& ' ) ", J  ' 3
):' 
(( '&,5
7
&  '(%
0"
  >  *
' ! 
"&$  :  +$ 
.
7
 (
"&
' 734 (  $3 ' :/
  
8

*& >  X&; "( ,&  '  

7
 &"%
 

 :  * 
(%   & $3 $   37 X@ '

' !8
*( ' &"%
J(
.<" ;   
7
  ; 
Q%  @+


 0"

"&$  @ '
! 
 :@ 9 <  : ( 
:@
*@ Q(5
; 
7
  & 
&  .9 '

";
 "&@


"&$ ",
@  X9,
>  0
X&; %

95
' ,"9
 
5

.; '5
* %
 "-
Q
 B
%
$3
' 

 ,
@ (
"&
  5
 (%
  .9 ' ! 
H"&$: X
&-
@ :
4 5

234
 (5
6 ((-
;, *3  
7
*& 2+ ;0 '
X
&-
' 

.(6- 7 : 2008,' )'(

"&
%
@ ;"
  5
9-

0
(   0 /%
'
;
X '(%
1
"
"4 "#
;
X  , 

"(%  
' *+
*( ' '(%
*
"# 6 

"( "#
;
J  

"(
  :/"
'

-
 
-
 
45
  & ' "&@
-
& ( &" ) & 


";# 
  ( " & ) <" 6

 . 1& >  <&D  &
*
O  <"
@ *
 &"%
<& "+
 *3  ; *&( <(
"/ 

 <(



(98 :20026<& 
)*& H
 ' H
 
 %

d  @" *,9 ;U 


 (",() ((
 )+  &
" "(% ,(
"#

'
 &"%
; O" '
"
*3  (, (

  7
+   " 
*  U9   J( + "
", +B
'  @ $ ' * D
.(142:20026*
) & > 

4" "+,-
N
; ", N &

20 ' 

'"

! "(%  '

Lazarus and Folkma)  *, E" 

X$
 &"%
:@ J
"& N  

"(% '
'(%
80 (
1
&^ &"%
:@ : 1 

'  ( && X$ ' -
&"%
:@ 
&  80 '"
@ 7  $3 " ' " 0" 6"&$ %  @" ; >
 > 1&
9 J"& &@ /0
1&
H  (   %
% (
J  
S9
&@ 5  6 *
> H& ( '
, H"& &  &@ & , /0
63( () :; *, E& &
  5
 "
 9
;

"& @ J  "V

.(133 :2006

: /

, 
"
(
"&

"8  '
(
"& 

&
@ '; 1 *3



)> 

' ;0" : @( (
"& & '  *

 7 ( /8  9 :;    / / )1

"
 .
 :,
4,"  *, D
"&@
(parker,1999)", (
"&  &@


,  !"(

 & 

7$ '
&
0
Q@ :;

'
:
:
' !  &@
 

& (


 & 

:  @

     (94=)(
"&

:M D
' '
&
0
4," "
& >  "
&5
* A7 "9

"/&

"8
.!3 &@
 

& (
+
"
' 2  !"(
 :

!"( 5& ' X" (

"& (2000) 9
 :
7B '
4,"
:$ J ,
,"-
!3
 '("
&
!"(
5& '  & >  ("
&
6 
!3

 ,"5
!3
 '("
&
!"(
5&  (
"&
";#
 &&
";
 !3

 !3
 (%39) >  '("
&
!"(
*& %"
 ' (%18Y%15) \ 2&@
";

.&&
";

Q"
&  "
<& '(
"&
!"(
*
  X9,
(20016;
)(
"& &;(
&$
' (
"
Q"
&    (300=)  (
"&



, &@ 6(

"

; <" X
"
 (28.71=:) :"  ( (:&
6& 6O"
)  *, 1
&-
3
#3
!( '(
"&
!"(
*
  (
) 

&5
(
"&
&(
(7.65=.)(

9
*

; '(
"&
!"(
!( 
& *
 &  (
"&
"%( ("
@

 $3
X0 !3
 "9
$3 "
"&
' <0
 '(%
O"
*+
<(
 "(5
: ", 4
&& 3 , "(5
3,9
 O
:;0  !3

.O%
<"(-
' 5
 <&$5

'(
"&
!"(
' :,
4," "& " ; O"8
(
"& ( parker,2003) ", <"
' " ' (
"&
 4"
5  
,    (95=) (
"&
 ,
&  :  :;$
 .( & J  "5
" :,
Q@ 
&
" *, '  ' -

: ' :; (5

: .( & <&@
:    (15=) 
 (
(15) "" &
 6'(
"&
.(-
& *$ :,
4," Q@  (
"&   5
*$  : '"
 U( ' '"
 '
&
2
( :,
4,"  *
& "
 :& >  "
*3 ' (
"&

.:
 !"(
 "
"(5

!"(
5& * (Willam,&Gassama,2006) ( :  *, &  (
"& 
',"5
<"
25
4," ;  "9
'
,"5
&
5  
Q"
&
' '(
"&

 :
 "( ( 34> 14)  :"  
"  !3
 (%17 )>
 U 1996 :
>  (
"&
"9 1994 : !3 "
7%
Q% ( %11.7 )>  *&
O%
 1970 :
'

*9 '
 "(5
%  !  '&,-
2
&-
O%
*+ !"(
(   
10

' '
(%
3,9
 30 "(5
$3

"0
 &
 O%
:
<(
. 4
 !
"/5
 !7,5 "9 , &"%

' !"(
"# >  & '
!(-
 *

> X"
(2007) :, &
& (
"& X&
"(
!3
    (70) && > 
9
&(
"
,  
,
 (2)  *$ , 
&
"- ',
"
*&
( 
  !  (101) :&& 
6 '(
"&
!"(
"# >  & '
!(-
 *

> X" (
:
&(
: 6(5)
 "(
!3
E( O%
'
F", ;( :;(g (( *


+3+ & >  ("

&

Y: ' *

H ,  (
"&
," :;
. 

*

Y1
. (
"&

""@  @
*

Y2
. Q"&
" (- @
*

Y3
*  (
"& 2+
! 
* "5 @
*

6 "(-
*

*+ 6 <" *
 J
';   / <
 !3
E( O%
' "& :;( *

H *, ,  ! 
H
. ,
 *%  '; " 0 ' ! 
*  !"( 
  O !"( >  &D
*



X9,
X&; (
"& (2009 ),:8
D  " J ,

*

" >  (
"&
& ,  
"# ;  Q" ,
" ' *-
<(

(
"&


, 
' "
&B
57(

"# ;  '(

"&
!"( &D

' "
&  7( (24=) &&  3(5
&(  &   *-
<(    (475=)
3,9
 *,  >  (
"&
;
 '(
"&
!"(
*
 " @ (
 : 
 & "( 3,9   
 J ,  0% 5& '  
* *+ &,-

%#   
 *, "# ;  '(
"&
!"(
1& 

 7(
9
*


. "
&B

&
 %
1
&  *, "+U " (Michelle,etal,2011)HD34 *9 (
"& &
" 6 ,"5
&
5  
Q"
&
!3 <& '(
"&
!"(
' (%

"05

@" ( *  
Q"
&
!3    (2532=):
",  ' (
"&

(2.5)H"&$ <" X
"
 : (20)H"&$ <" (  (29 :21) :"  
" 65
Q@ (%

Q@  -
 7$) '
&
&  , "  : 
'(
"&
!"(
5& 7$ &
 <&$5
 ' 5
<(
Q@ &
 %

"
( %20) ( ' "9

@"  @" (
"&
"  : (",
*
Q@


(
"&
%9, 6 '%
*5
 "5
"  " :; *("
: '$
 
&
" 

 '   &@ '(

"&
!"(
5& &
 %
1
&
 *
& ! "
&
!"(
5& (%

"05
 $3
' (
"& !  %
' &
1
&-

&  (
"&
 ! 
!"( ",
*
 ! "
&  %9,
" '(
"&

<( O%
, &

: <(  
&
"  !"(
5& ' 7 
& 
.'(
"&
!"(
5& &4 &


11

 
    / / )2
' ", '-
 '"
<(
' +
: 

 

.0 '#
 

 $3
 '
(2006) '
&
 <"
(
"& ; "
5 *+
*(
7 S
 (
"&
(
 Q
 (
"&

 H5
 *,  '


6N"
   (410=) ;
$  ' (
"&
" ! 
 Q"& <
:(@
 ,(

* A7 & 

  

Q@ S
 5
Q@ :;  &$
S
 H5
 '

 

 7 *
& ! "
& ' 

.
' (
"&
(
<( S
 H5
' 
  "+U J 


 

 $3
" (Romos &Nichlas,2007)Q
" Q5, (
"& & J ,
(   (192=) ;
$ 

'

(
"&
"

 <& 

 %
 



 

Q@ (

 %
)

2%,
Q@ :;  (( 22,1) :"


 :;& %"


 %
<  ' 5
(
 
A7
& &$  
 7$
& >  (
"&
 , 6

 %
'0%  :;
"$U "@ 

 ' 
.
(
"&

(
X ' 

 

 

 %
 ! *
& "

*D%


"&@  *, "& " >  & &@ (Wilson,et,al,2007)HD34 (  (
"& 


 
  '
! 
; O" '
80
 $3
' (
"8, (5


&
:;  ( (20) :"
(    (242=)  (
"&
 , 


"&@  ,
' &(

 

 

 80
 *D%
Q@
'
80 (
A

%%  %"


"&@ *D%
 *, 
(
"&
A7 0


 

 80
 $3
$ $  %0 ;
, '
! 
; O"
.

 &

  7 0 ; 



  <& '


$
 (2009) "  !  *, (
"& 
& , S
"8 
& , '(
"&
S
 Q

"8
O 20 '
"8 Q
 ,
);  * %
 (
"&
.0
"8  

$
 ' "%
"
'


Q@ +
:&(
(
"&
X
&
@  (
& , ' $B
 S



$
   (
"&
"%(     (845=) (
"&
 ,6 *
* H&

:+ ' %5
 ' 5
*
' 5
"
' 2  
&
"
<& 
"5
H&

*, ' 

$
 ' 
& " & :&

 0 (
"&
%9,  '&,5

" '05

' " &  (

"&
%9,  ,
"8 ' ('05
 '&,-
 ' 5
)*

",
 " & :& J , (B
,
!3 Z  
&
"  ' %5
*

' (
 " &   ' (' %5
 ' 5
) 
' 
&
"  1B

& :&  (
"&
"%( ,6 1B
Z  '&,-
*
'  ",
Z  '05
*

7

& " &   S
"8 @ '05
*
' 
&
"  "

"8 : 

Z  S
"8 "8 @ ' %5
 '(
"&
  5
5
'
12

& :&  (
"&
%9,
" 
 ,
"&
 '(
"&
 ' 5
 
' :;
 ' 
&
 , ' $B
"8 @ !3
 ' %5
 '05
 
' "
.
&  & , ' @ 
Z  '(
"&
 ' 5
 
' "%
,
!3
 

 

' "%
' X"
(20106!  )(
"& &
(
"&


, %
"
  
"
, %
!9
 (
"&

X

& !" 


 

Q@ :;  
"
$"%
   !  (100=)

 

' 
"
$"%
!3  
& " & >  (
"&
 (2008)' :3(

!9 !3  

& " &  %9,  ('%
' 5
'&,-
)%
H&M 

"
9 !3 Z  

 

' @(
"
!9 !3 %
"

.%

"&@ : (%

"8
O :D9
 *D%
 $3
" (2010) (
"& 3

:$ ,
 <& <" ;  

 "%
&& 6 

 

6 



<& @

"&@ * & :D9
 *D% "
7$ &(
 (604=) 
!3 


 

Q@ (:#
& &( !

& &)
<( Q@ '$(&


 

 
&  "
$3 & >  (
"&
 (' :3(
& ) !"
:D9
 7

& ! ( "
&  %9,  


"&@ *D%
 *, 

(
 
& " & >  0 (
"&
 

"&@ 

 

 *,
&  %9,
" 15
Z  :D9
' (
 
& " & ",
Z  *D%
'
.",
Z  
 

 



"&@  *, ' (
 
& "
  7;
(
 <& '



 (
"& (2011)3( '&@
 *, <"

 <& '


<( ' X"
X&; "
' 5
: (%
&,5
'
6S
 Q

"8  '


' "%
&& >  0 &,5
' Q" ,

' Q" ,

  ' (
"&
"
J  @  :7
&
,(
, 
+
*&
:;      (121) :&& \ 
 
# '5
Q%
: S ' &,5


& <& %" , ',


<(  >  (
"&
 '

 *
Q@
 7 
& "%
, :  ",
Z  (
 

' 
& " &  30
.:7
&
,(
, 
+
*& S

"8  
&
"
*


,9

:
&(

"&

Morris,et,al,2011)HD34

Q"

(
"&



 , 


 



"&@  

, (J(%
)' 5

  (35=) } :; ( (19.6):"

( (
 (    (70=) (
"&

7;
(    (35=) <"
   (18.3) :"
(   ' 5
( 
Q@

"&@ Q@ ' Q@ &

:;

 . { 

(20.9) :"
(  

'  

 
& " & :& >  (
"&
 6'


Q@ J(%
:
&(



 J(%
:
&(
 *
& ! ( "
& (
"&
%9, J , 6 

 


13

*
&  "
J(%
:
&(
"  6  ' 5
(
!3 <& '%
 '&,5

.' 5

  7
2#   1(   " Hibbard& Davies,2011)Q& &"  *, (
"& 
( !3  (17132=) ;
$ ,
 
Q"
&
  
$   5
Q@ &5
&&
 ,
Q@ :;   (5.6)<" X
"
  (22.5):"

! ( "
& 

;7 0 (
"&
%9, 6
& Q@  '


Q@ !7,5

"
 &

&@
 25
U9 @
)*+  ,
& '


 7
*
&
.* -
2
&
' (% &"%
;0 '
$

"/ 9

:     / /)3

' '
:
 !"(
!(  X9,
& (
"& (Martinez,1998)<4" <"
'
:;
,( : %#
   (9000=)  (
"&
 , &$ &
,

, ' "&@

:& ; '("
&
!"(
>  <&D *
 & & >  (
"&
 &$
'

,
&
 "+U $
0 

 '(%


 "
"@(5
:&  6 2$&
.:; &


 5

" 7
"&@
" (Michel, et al ,2001)HD34 *9 (
"& &
(%87) :;
 (751=) (
"&
 ,6&$ Q"
&
!3 <& '(
"&
!"(  (

(10.5) H"&$ <" (  ( 17:6 ) :"  

"  1B
 (%13) ( ",

J(
Q@ 6$
&
Q@ 6,(
3,9
Q@ '

Q@ &


'

 

6 &

&(
J"
&
Q@ 6(
 5

"
Q@ 6'&,-
2
&-
Q@ ' 5

"
  '(
"&
!"(
5& '  &  (
"&
%9,6 '(
"&
!"(
Q@
:;734  ' 5
O" 
&
"  @
"
J"
&   0 %9,  6(
 5

 * %
 ' 6 *&
<&

*@
 &( :;,
"&
&  ",
'(
"&
!"(  U :
J
"& "(-
3,9
 6!,
 60%
 6
&
 $
& & :&

*+ (

"

*, !"(  D
'
"8
H ' '(
"&
!"(  D
' "
&
;
"8 <&

O"

.!  O%
'&,-
 ' 5
 <&$5
<(

 ! 

  $3 & >  ( winner,etal,2005) HD34 " (
"& "9
(
"&
' ' :( *,9 7@ '(
"&
"( :&  '
:
'  

& :;    ' -
(
!3     (35)  (
"&
 , &@ ' -

"

!3
 >  (
"&
;
6 

 
 Q@ &"%
@
;
&
X ;


' :& (  

&( :; *+ && $
&  ' 5
:;&


"
"(5
 
 !"( :; :& ' :;( 

' ' -
(
80 !

.N"
>
*


  >  (Rausch&Hamilton,2006)  z

"  *, (
"& 


*
&  5

 X,
 $
& , ' "&@
:& ; '("&
!"( &D
14

 ! 
 ' 0

X
&-
!/ 
Z7
 S '

' *

(
"&


, (@

X"# , !3
4," 9 

30 6'
:

' +
&
,"   *-
'
:; 2;
*$ "(

 (20=)

"
 "(-
%
 *
D(
@
9 !  *,  ( ;& '
&"%
@

.   5
"
"$ @(


7
"&@
 X9,
&;(
  (
"& (Michel,et,al,2008)HD34 *9 <" J ,
7
&5
Q"
&
!3  (
"&
 , 6(
"&  !3
!"( ' '("&


2(
 && \ 1B
 (%55) ( ",
 :;( %45) ( (13300 =) :&&

(


!"(
(
 '("&

 Q@ :;  (%3) ( ,

&
"
 (
"&
"(
( " "
'("&


2(   (
"&
"%( &$ 6 -

"(
 '("&

;  ("& 734  &

:&  ("& ' ! 
' '
3,9  '("&
!"(  
&
4B
4
:
& '("&


2( "
30 (
"& ! 
J"  
' "
&



2(  *, ' ",
Z  (
 
& " & >  (
"&
"9

" '&,-

. '(
"&
!"(
 '("&

 '(
"&
!"(

&& " (philippe&Julie,2009)' !  *, (
"& &
(14.6):"
( 6"(
 (106=) (
"&
 , 6(" ' 0"
Q"
&



 %
Q@ 6$
  U
:@
Q@ 
"/&

7$ :;

 

 ' 5
! 

 

 %
 *,  >  (
"&
;
 6&

$
Q@
.(
"&
 &
" <& '(
"&
!"(

&& :  &

$ 
"$

(
!3 <& '&,-
 ' 5


$3  X9,
(Danial,2010)*
& (
"& &
  , +3+    (545=)  (
"&
 , 6:
 !"(    ' -

!3  0% ,

" 5& '
   (15=) :;   (
"&  X%
  '&,-
 ' 5

   (

'  6  ' -
(

'(
"&
!"(


' 5


 ! ( *
& "
& >  (
"&
;
&$ 6 !  

!"( 5& '   !"( 0"

"+,   :;734   

&
"/ !3 

%9,
" 6  ' -
(
!3  &,
  
@

"/ !3
<& (
.!  ' 5


 '&,-


 ! *
& "
&  (
"&

 / 0 0

: 

"9D

&& (
O"
 S(
' 
:
 ! 
!"( '&,-
 ' 5


2(  ! "
& Y1
.'"

'  +&
(
"&
 &4  ' *
>  
  *(
 ' -
(
' '(
"&
!"(
*& &
4 Y2
15

' 5
<(
' *+ '
"(-
! 
%  '(
"&
!"(
 "
J Y3
."( 3,9 & "(^ O%
<&$5

"9 *,9 & : :
:
 !"(  

$3  '
@(
(
"&
:# Y4
.:


Q@ ' &
;,  
  


Q@ '

 
  $3  '(
"&
S
U9  & @(
(
"&
 Z0 Y Y5
S <4 
 

' !3
 " & >  (
"& "9 1 

<4 
 

' !3
 " & :& >  "9 <"
(
"& '(
"&

'(
"&
S
%
H&U 

 

' (
 
& " & Y6
 0+<

 

 $3
  X9,
' 
"
(
"&
,9 " (  ' 2


2( * &" '(
"&
!"(
& * J , '
:
 ! 
!"(  
 

Y: V
5D(
& >  
(
"&
,9 / , 6 


%
H&M 

 

 '
:
 !"(
 
 $3 & *Y1


 

'0% '%"  '(
"&
!"(
 
' 
& " & *Y2
H&
X
%
H&U 

 

<&  '
:
 !"(
  D
, * 3
==>  /:===7
 9 ):*!
Y: 
O"%

"
(
"&
"@ @(
(
"&
A7 <"#
"B
20 '
H&M 

 

 '(
"&
!"(
 
 7 *
& ! ( "
J Y1
.%



 
 <4 '(
"&
!"(
 
' !3
 7 
& " JY2
%
H&U
.%
H&U 

 

<&  '
:
 !"(
  D
, 3
:   :6

16

 % (30);
$ (
"&

&- (@
2%,
 @
; O"8
-   )1
)<" (  ( 28:19 ) :"

" 3(B
&(  & :B
 !3
 3(5

J S7 (1) *&
 ( 5.2 )<" X
"
 ( 20.6
 ,  0+   (30=)*  BCA2 @; (1)1




  




3.3

10

33.3

20



10

 
8 5 

3.3



20

5  

6.6

3.3

 # :

20

"#$

6.6

6.6

6.6

8

6.6

'#

10

=  "

6..16

*)(

6.6

6..16

+,-

 ;8 

@5 8
5

30

 & :5
 ",
   (170=);
$  ' (
"&
@ :$ Y2
(&
)<" ( ( ( 42:18 ) :"
5& 
" 3(5

X
"
 ( ( 21.6

"< ) ((5

S7   
*
&
 ( ( 2.6
*)"# (
"& 
 ,  (
"&
 &
" : 0  ,  BA2
  ( &"
( J   ( 2)*&
 %

17

 ,  BA2  (170=)  E @; ( 2)1
%

24.7

42

17.7

30

3.5
20

22.3

34

38

 

1!

6

%
12.9

8.8

 8 8

-

22

(&;

.17

29

'7


15

:

2.3

'0 A*
*

15.8

27

3.5

01

29.4

50



68.8

116

F6
/

10

31.7

17

> B
!(

54

DE5

<
 1A!

 * '0
5.3

2.9

/

3.5

34

 *

 5
 (%68.8):;( \
 "#
,
 
&
"
:# 
>  (2)*& "9
&
"
4 *&
 ,  5
 (%31.7):;( 
,
 
&
"
( 
:; *@
&&
 
"
 Q
 '+
 *5
<(
' 
&
"
:# (
"&
:;( !(
.+
 (
 Q&(
<(
'
: /! : 66
Y: ' (
"&

"8 Q@  

&5
 
(
"&
@
Adjustment to College Scale: 
    G

Y1

)&
& " (Robert Baker&Bohadon Siryk,1984) J"( & ", "" )&
&


 ',
Q@
X&; &-
&& '

""@ 
&  "
8  (2006 :3(
& '
(36) ' "
 5
" ' Q@
*9 

 
  !3
Y:' (7" & (4) '  4 "
 , "

(15)'

&

4 < :Academic Adjustment:  +$ )1

(36Y35Y31Y30Y28Y26Y25Y21Y17Y16Y15Y14Y13Y12Y3):$"
"

(4,7,19,24,29);$"

" (5)' &
*9 Social Adjustment: * Y2

18


" (8) &
, Personal/-Emotional Adjustment : A2< ( Y3
(27Y23Y20Y18Y9Y6Y2);$"

"

(8) &
, Attachment/Gool Commitment:&"$   'E*)4
.(7Y6: 2008, ' )(34Y33Y32Y22Y11Y10Y5Y1);$"

G 0  + BCA2
G  /6 )1
" '      (50=);
$  ' & + !( Q@
!" :$
+
A7  (3 ) *&
 %
74
 G, %  * :
&(

 
    G /6 /  @;(3 )1

%
74

G",%
+ *

&5

0.75

0.72

0.74

'&,-



0.76

0.74

0.71

' -



0.83

0.85

0.86

'%



0.84

0.86

0.87

X
&5
@ :
4 5

'
"9 %" + 3 ;, (0.86Y0.71)  Q@
+ 3 
( 3)*&
"9
. +
 & "& Q@

G  A)2
(100=);
$  ' 

 

Q@ '
&
!( : 0  A)!
&5
9 A7
";# ,
&
O 
 "#
,
 
  !3 
H. (4 )*&
 
 (78.9)! ( &
 * ' Q@ "-

19

"     "G  0  A IC @; (4 )1

,
"95

*

9

&5

0,82

0.88

'&,-



0.73

0.93

' -



0,84

00,92

'%



0,78

0.89

X
&5
@ :
4 5

3.14

,
"4

%78.9


(

&R R"&  'R *&  &

 * ' 9 Q@ "-
&-
 ( 4)*&  Z0
%" Q@

: * ' 

   ' 0" : 
" Q@
" & ,"% AY!
:&R@  ,, 
&
O %
,
O ' Q"&
7 20
 , Q%

*R, /R  * <

"
2
&
:; ! Q@
&
 

:;% 7
"B
%"

( '  '

"
' 2@B
: &$   ' <<*
& ;73 <& 
"  "
 & & Q@
;0 ' &-
U ,
"$ , ,
&&  (%80)'  * %
R

R%, R

"# 5  0 '
 Q@
&  :@ "&@ '
.;
<"
&
& 5
!3   ' ( 2006) : Q@

 @ Q@
!" :$ >  0B
R74
"  +
* (0.70)
&
"  +
* \ &$ E"@
: 
R"@
R" R QR@ <4
&
 @
: (0.60)%
+ * (0.61)%

. (10 : 2008 6' ) '

&
(5
 "

20

.   G 0  +  A   

R R 
(
"&  +
 &
1  Q@ ",(
3
 @ +
:$
Y: 
"  +
 &
 *, N"(
1 ",
@(  3(5

' Q@

A )1
R0 4R 1R <"R#
&
   "& Q@
 1 ,"% A)!
& ;;  ;(
"
"$ 

1R R&

"
"
 ,
"&
 &5
"
*3  + A)
7 
& ; ,
Y: 
"
:
&(  /6 K2  + /6)2
\R &R$ *5

  (
&  3(5

Q% ' =
L  /6)!
(0.91) +
*
%" + * (0.88)%
+ * \ 1 : ( /6)
(0.87) +
* \ 1 (A CE /6)K
  ) ' *7
& +3+  "5
20 ' (
2
&M S%
:@ : @ A 
' S%
* J  @ S%
 "&@ : Q@ 
"
 (   & > 


"9D &4 >  "&
.%"
"9 &
' "& .  , Q@
' , "&
..


     )2
(19)  , &$ '
:
 ! 
!"(  
Q@ 
"
(
"&  (5
: :
<( 6",%
<() ' &
+3+ '  4 'B
H5
' H2 : 7;
" '
&
%
<( 6/"

21

* ' A /2

"
"
"#
" '(
"&
!"(
"# '@"5
 <"#
1
"
' .35
Y1
"#)(
*+ '(
"&
!"(
"# Q@  '
@(
(5
O ' .35
Y2
!"(
*
 (
) ( 2007 6&
& &
& &
&   
, '(
"&
!"(

.(2001 6;
:",
& :
"
&
&
"
<& '(
"&

"# !"(
"#  9
' ( Spady,1971 ) @ (5
 ' Y3
.(pascarella&Terenzini,2005:30 )"5

.",
% ( &
+3+ ' :7@
"5
 
Q@ "
"/ ' (5
2 :

.
& (25)  -
"
, (5
X
& (
"
 && 0 Y4
7  (10)    '
&
, &"%
& :($

"

( 25) ,
 -
" ' (5
O" Y5

:B
 
   Q%
:

:($U

Q"&

Q@ 0
 *,9
1  Q@

" ' :,
:; ! 
   5

 ,
 %5
( '

"
'

2@
: '(
"&
!"(
 

.
& ( 23 ) :&&  (%80:%70)(

  + BCA2    )6

*3 
: ",
@(  3(5
 ' (5
+ & !( : 1
*(
 *@
D9 & '&,5
&9"5
4," ' &&"
!3
 &" (
. 
Y: 
"  (5
& +  @
:
:/====6
GHL FG

FG= 5  HI "
" H   I5 #  J2 8 :<!   9:1
(0.75) NI O<
 (5
 > *&
 (0.84) *,, (3 %
+ * 8 &$: ># 9:-2
.(
"&
 > @ >  +
7 +
 & "&
:===A )2
Y: @" :
&(
: (5
&  @ 
: +  A *
Q%
: * ' 
,
 (10) '  -
" ' (5
.4 1
 
 ' Q%
:   5
&
, &"%
& :(@ Q"&
7 20

( ( "/ Y ( ) @@ &
.0 (5

" ( <& "&@ :; ! 1

"9D A7
H " ( %80:%70 ) &
' ,
 %3 7
!(

" &$
.(5
&
&
22

+ A)*
& *,  "5
* !( *3  '
&
(5
"  (5
&  @
: J ,
,
(5
"&
 0+   1+   * /  @; ( 5 )1
0+    1 



   1 



040*
0.80**
0.068
0.67**
0.57**
0.42*
0.19
0.82**
0.81**
0.66**
0.70**

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

0+
0.24
0.36*
0.38*
0.62**
0.24
0.75**
0.37*
0.36*
080**
0.57**
0.84**
0.533**

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
23

J ,( 0.05 ,0.01)  5& E( & F7 

& (5
' & J  (5 ) *&
 Z0
 :&(
: (,18 ,14 ,5 ,1) :$" & '  0.05  5& E( & 7 
& "/ &
(5
 & "&  '(
"&
!"(
 
(
&  &,D
 '7B
*

 
&4 >  "&
.%"
"9
& (19)7;
" ' (5
Z J  .'
&

.'(
"&
!"(

* @ A

"& Y  Y  /) *7
& "
:
&(
:+ (4Y1) 
" "& (5
' & *, '
, (5
, '
 & :
"&
(  ,(3 ,
"&
N"( ',  .( 5
R"&
"R9 "& (76)'$5
&
'
"& (19 '
"%) '&5
&
 "&
% 
.'(
"&
!"(
 
>  %"

 
(
(
N
"(
:  
(
"& ((5

' !"(
 
(

'(
"&
!"(
 
(5 " ;% 7
"&

  / *   / )1
"& <& N
"( ' S  :/" '(%
Q@
' "
 .

 :
&(
9
(12: :2001,<"-
)(
 " <"
X
"5
 "  ( & 
, '

23

) : (6 FG ! MHM)    L$  H  !#



 H   

2
 N * &"  @" 0 7
"&
+
"
'(
"&
!"(
 
&9 :
' 
&"
(
  
( "&
"+,
"g ;- J  &(
7
' 
!3

(%
Q@ " * F 
&(
"&
"+,
"(10) <"
;
"
 (50) ;( " "& ;U "&
( 1987 )*

& X
>=  = 50+ 10 x /  )'2
) ( 140: 1987 ,F #

HM     #


(
&* = 
(
%"
"&
 J  > .50  7
"& +
>


&"

)E

>

(

"
X

& ( + 50

&*) (7

"

 
S
5  
 S
#

 8
 F
5
I2

& (5

R N
25
5.9
24
19
33
52
19
1.4
2.3

7

60
&*

&*

"*& E
.10


J

@
7

&"
 
(
"& ((5
 <& :
- 42- 18  (170=) $  ,        '2 /0 0  C / @;( 7)1
($
 '2

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

39

41

43

44

46

48

50

51

53

55

56

58

 '2

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

40

43

45

52

 C

60

61

63

65

66

68

70

72

75

80

83

95

C

 !   /

&
* ' 
@ &
R(
"&
R 'R 3(5
&(  & :-
 , 2

  
(   !3R    ' (
"&

&  : ,
J Q"&
7 20

'R+
'R(
"&
*R%
R
"8R( &$
"0
 $ *
& ' 7
9 "
,
H 1433 : 2012:

24

CA 7 *
Y: 
7B
! (B
+
*(
73 @"  
(
"&
O" "
* 
: "."
Y1
(" "
*Y2
'
"
&5
*Y3
><   IC
Y:' , X
&-
20 ' ;9$ A7
O" 24

 *
R ST$ H # PN
 
         CA  1   "*5
O"%
S
"&  (" "5
3 N
"( +
:$ O"%
  @  02  PQ
 
& %
H&M 

 

 '(
"&
!"(
 
' 
&
"

(8 )*&   
A7
' +
* (11.5) "
&B
(Spss):# 7B

PQ  
    G       G  * /  @; (8 ) 1
(170=) ,(02 

      

):;7/

8/927./

)45,67/

0.38- **

0.44 - **

0.18*

)0,123./

)*+,-./

0.18- **

0.45-**

   



Y: 
A7
>  ( 8)*&
"9
)%
H&U 
 

 '(
"&
!"(
 
 7
*
& ! ( "
& Y1
. (
 ,
"&
X
&-
@ :
4 5
' 5
'&,-

H&U 

 

Q@ ' !3
"& %"
, 
*@  
H "(% 
J +
4 @ 
H '(
"&
!"(
 
Q@ ' :;"& 0%
%

@ :
4 5
  5
 &,5
H&U 
  ! 

 &
&4
,  >  

&
 !
;
 '
"&$ ! 
* 6 ' 5
 '(%

45
!  @ X
&5

!"(
 
<
& O% ; (
>  <&D  6 

 X @
*
& ! ( "
& >  ;
'
(Danial,2010)(
"& A7  *5
O"%
A7 % .;
.!3
<& '(
"&
!"(
 

 


(Michel,et,al,2001)(
"&(Martinez,1998)(
"&  *5
O"%
A7 % <"
; 
' 5
 '&,5


:&  '(
"&
!"(
 *
& ! "
& >  ;
'

.!3
<& '05
 '9

25

(Rausch&Hamiltan,2006)(
"& A7 

H % J   30


2(  '  "9 '
 (philippe&Julie,2009)(
"& (Michel,et,al2008)(
"&
.'(
"&
!"( &D
*

 '
! 
<& '9
 '&,-
 ' 5

 *, "# ",
*( ' '
:
 '(
"&
!"( "(%
"#
0 &,D
20 ' '
:
 !"(
"(% ' 
1 (Finne1989 Tinto,1993 Bean,1989)
@ ' ! 
 :& >  <&D <


 

2(
"9D "#
 (% @+ *@ 
 H"&@ O%
>  <&D '
*-
 *9%
4  '&, 4 <
 .@5
 !"( ! 
U X
; ' (
"&
 *-
 5
" 9 Q,
, (
"&

H"(%  '(
"&
!"(
 
 '%

'9


&  ! *
& "
& Y2
 
%"
'%

'9


& ' ! 
"& %"
, 
*@  

) (
"&
"9
1 *

 ' X"   O" @ "/ 
H '(
"&
!"(

>  <&D

*


&

> 

A7
"9 &$ ( Willam&Gassama,2006) (Martinez,1998


 '(%


 "
"@(5
:& 6 ; '("
&
!"(

 
' ! 
2@ ' '(%
"
"@(5

' (shaw,1985)9 (
"& &,D J   30
. (170:2000 "
") C
"& ,
" 
 ( 
!3  &
 '%


& Q@ S
Q@
&  '  
H +
4  , 

 '  "5
Q  $3 ' &"%

 <& * "& ' 
Q@  ;/
'
 '9



  
(
"&
 &
"
  !( 5 "5

 '9


Q$ : Q(5

# 
 & ;, !/
3(
 ' !3 :; &
:;(
"&  $3
#

& ' &"%

"& .%"
' &$ "5

; @ ,' "9
" ' 5 '+5 ",
$3 :"
 
4 , 2
(     *895 (
"&
 "(  5
"9D '%



%
$3
J ' %5
*
 *
&B (
"&
J"

><  6 9( IC

0 ,E         CA L   H" "L 2 Z#
"& :(@ (
:
&( +
:$ O"%
  @ "(02  PR  
  


Q@ ' "& ' ( ' -
 *$5
@ ( ' -
*$5
)  >  
&
"

:+ %
H&U 


 
' %
H&U 

 

' -
 *$5
!3
 "%
" " "

 
A7
' +
* ( 11.5)"
&B
(Spss):# 7B
 
& '(
"&
!"(

( 9 )*& 

26

H
001

PQ  
    G S0 / ;(2  (        ( * ( 9) 1

  -
  -
L 9 M
   )<
5.1
6.9
277
74= W#X$

4.4
23.5
81=  #"

0.01

2.8

7.4
5.2

27.3
24.5

61= W#X$
108=  #"

 

^

1.75

5.4
5.8

24.4
25.8

74= W#M$
94=  #"

#: \ X

0.001

6.22
5.35

27.7
23.1
27.3
24.1

75= W#X$
94=  #"
71= W#X$
87=  #"

X
&5
@ :
4 5

0.001

6.9
3.5
7
4

_ )<

-: _^ # D( 9)\  



 

0% '%"  !"(
 
' 
& " & Y1
Z  

 
 ,
"&
 (X
&5
@ :
4 5
6 &, 6 5
)5

*%  '(
"&
!"(
1& 
*@  
H"(%  @ 
H 

'0%
%
&M 
  ! 

 "+U "9
 ",% <( ' 1&  
.%"

<
O%
 (
"&  :(
X
&5
@ :
4
 ' 5
 '&,5
! 

 &
4 ,
.'(
"&
!"(  

 (
"&
! 
 ' ( H"+
,( *
O >  '
! 

 O"
 

.@5
 !8
"+, ' +
&,5
3,9
; ( "# 
, 
*

 7; (
"&
J" ' ",%
,( :+  (
"&  :
4 5
 &
:& 
!(5
 "
 5


(
"&  ! 

 :& *

(Rausch&Hamilton,2006) (Winner,et,al,2005) *, (
"&  
H %
"/ "(
!3
 '


' 
& " & ' 
'
(Danial,2010)
&M 

 &
 @
 *$
"(
!3
, &@ 
(
"&
 "(

&M 

 @
  &
"+,

, 
"(
"/ :;
"$U "@ %

.%

R"# ; 

' !3
 "
"(
.0 9$ '
"#
 
H %
N&

<" ' 5
"#  (Tinto) ( (Alexander)(
"&(,
"#  (7"
&R 
<"R +
"#
 '
H4

 ((
,
,( >  0 ! 
* %
.(169 :20006 "
 J")'
 Q(5
 ! 
:
4

<R( '  '(
"&
!"(
 
' '%


'0% '%"  "%
* : -2
!"R(
R 
'R   "& ,5 '%


"+U '

J +
"(%  5&

R$3 'R '%R


  
*5
O"%    @( 
J 2 &$ '(
"&

'%R


& Q@ S
Q@
&  '  
H +
4  !"(
 

 '  "5
Q  $3 ' &"%

 <& * "& ' 
Q@  ;/
'
 '9



  
(
"&
 &
"
  !( 5 "5

 '9


Q$ : Q(5

27

R# 
 & ;, !/
3(
 ' !3 :; &
:;(
"&  $3
#

"R+
' 79
 O" 2 J   30 ,' "9
" ' 5 '+5 ",
$3 :"
R(
"& &,D *+
*( ' ' N"
' (
"& 2%
"( ' '%


"&  '

R
!3 R R&  
' ! 
2@ ' '(%
"
"@(5

' (shaw,1985)9
. (170:2000 "K J") 
 (
><  F6 9( IC
H&RU 

 

*3  '
:
 !"(
  D
, " <

R 
)O
"UR &&
'
"
&5
* !( +
:$ O"%
  @  "%

"R8
'R R"+U <&R @R(

"8 '


& 
"8 ('(
"&
!"(

(10) *&   
A7
' +
* ('(
"&
!"(
 

)

2  7 K.   10  IC @; (

 5&

X
26.129

0.001 & 
&

10)1

"
(
567.830

"
"&
4

"
.
2271.319


"&

21.732

163

3542.342

'$


167

5813.661

',

"
&5

"+U& 
 6 &
X  ", (
X  &  &
X  (
X "@
 <('(
"&
!"(
 
)
"8
'  @(
"8, '


&5 <
:
4 5
6'%
6' 5
)'


&
' +
@(

"8 
"+U J
:
&(

"8
'

*@( "8 *, :;(

<& '

*  ('&,5
6X
&5
@

( 11 )*&
' 0, A7
, 1 ( )"
+

  2 K.      7 / 2 @;( 11 ) 1

*



,  R2

0.001

5.961

0.001

B * 1 

/8 

0.372

0.411)
0.025

0.95
0.221

0.563)
0.82

 * 

4.122)

0.261

0.142

0.588

( 

0.34)

0.146

0.712

0 

0.001

4.876)

 +* 

 

'E*
&"*

0.62

 

45.8

/6  

Y: 
A7
 ";# (11 )*&



6'&,5


)+
@(
"8, '


&B
&   
"+U J Y1
*+

"8
' &&
'
"
&5
N ' H& ' (X
&5
@ :
4 5
 6 '%

.'(
"&
!"(
 
' < "+U  , : ' 5


 '(
"&
!"(
 
'
28

  '(,  <$ *,9 D

' "
&
 X
&5
@ :
4 5
& 
(9)*&

&Y2
!"(
  '(,
D
' +
"
' >&,5


& 'U J , '(
"&
!"(

:;"( 5
*@ &,
@

 X
&5
@ 4
!3
 
H ' '(
"&

Rausch,& Hamilton, 2006)  (Martinez,1998) (

"&  
H % ", *,9 '(
"&

 ("&
' 2
( '(
"&
!"(
O% U ' 5
 '(%
"
"@(5
 >  ;
>
(
(Micheal,et,al,2008) (Winner,et,al,2005) (
"&  
H % <"   

.'(
"&
!"( !3
* ' 3,9 

2( D
"&@
'
 '


H '(
"&
!"(
 
' ! < *,9 :;( '%


 *&
 Y3
'9
 '%


 *
& ! "
& '
"9 '
*5
O"%
  (
7@

"(% % ( H", : ' 
H "(% ' +
& '(
"&
!"(
 

.*5
O"%  '%


 !"(
 
 7
*
& ! "
&
IC A2
7
*
& '( *,9 " %
H&U 

 


'   
(
"&
A7 "9
'(
"&
!"(
 
' '


&
"+U  &$ (
"& ! 
!"(
 M
:& 
O% %" 0
X
&5
@ :
4
:;&  %" '&,

 :;& 
!3 
@ :
4 5
 '&,5


 *,  '
(
"&
"9
&$ '(
"&
!"(  
< :;&
'(
"&
!"(
 
O% D
' ;( X
&5

 /   /A

 /A)*
Y:'U  +
' ;9$  
(
"&
A7 '  &(5
."
'
5 &(
 ' 5
 '(%
&9"5

A
" *%Y2

  ! 

 44 &;
3
95
*%Y3
%   
" *3  X
&5
@ :
4 5
J(    
#
*%Y4
.; 
@
 &,-
 ,(

.; *
%, '
! 
;
 '
&
 80
X !3
  :5
Y5

:3 5
*7( &9"5

2@
*3 

& & %, :;7U  (% 
&,
2
( 3,9 <- &

"#  ""0Y6
. 3,9
J ' !8 :; &(

Y:6  /  )+

 
  $3  !"(
5& "@  
 !3
*9 ( (
"& 2
"Y1


!"(
 *, '

:"+U " '5

",%
 

 %

"8 *9 (
"& 2
"Y2
'
! 

  '(
"&

29

(%
 &,5
3,9
  
!3  &" 5  @ (% (
"& 2
"
Y3
$%
"/ $%
!3
<& %
H&U '

   ,
$3  (
"& 2
"
Y4
(
"&
.%
H&U '

  $3  '
!  '(%
* "
(
"&Y4
!"( &D
 5
 (%

"8

* '
"
(
"&
' (
""0Y5

!3 <& '(
"&

 

"@
,"
0;
"
& ,,   * ( :A 7 (1987) & , *

-1
 

 
<(

"&@ ;$3  :D9
 *D%
(2010)X"9
& 63
Y2
Y339S S 2. 69 A G( '0   / U  
 !3
  <& 


398
(
"& '
!9
<& (%
80
 *
! ( (2009)2"6& *,&-
Y3
37Y16S 1.610 A,(  '0 0 ,9&     ' 
&
$3  '

 

(2006)&
X( 6'
&
6'$4" (
& 6<"
Y4
 '0 0 6 N"
  <&
"8
O '(
"&
S
 H5
77Y64S S 1. 67I U(
.616 A  0  6',
:
:
 ,

!"( (2002)& :(6
&
-5
150Y101 S 63
6 92 . , O"
!, ,   ,   1  (2001):",
& :
"
,;
Y6
,%

((D  :O"

 , " :

,
"
"
&
,(%

' " (2002)!& ,<& 
Y7

"
"
&: "&,(5
6 + (2002)&
( ,*
Y8
'   7;
(
 <& '


(2011)*, 63(  "
& 6'&@
Y9
72 . 4$4  "
, , (  / 0 6"
' 5
: (%
&,5

307Y263 S S
0   1$ ,  /  SL 3 1  (2009),:
"
 D  , :8
Y 10
"/ "(
! *,(5 1 ,  *   ' 7    '% G+
.3(5
&( & :B
  5 :
, ."9
& :&@ 1 6
     G  
A L (2001 )<"-
& 6"&Y11


:# 6", 17Y15  "%
*3 '3(B
: 
' (%

  

www.gulfkids.com(%

O 20 ' 

  <& '


(2009)*6" ' ,!Y12
879Y3857.63A (7 '0)F W X   0 6
"8

30

!9
 X3 

 

' "%
(2010)<4 &
 6!Y13
" ' +&
5
('+
' &
YQ
'"
)<(
"D
6 
"
, (
"&

15Y14"%
' '"
: 
 " ' ' 
> M
:
((D ' &,5
((D
2
&-

358Y326S *"


,"(  8;
L / (2006):#
& 3(,:#
&  ,(Y14
.6 :",%
"
& 6> -

8
Ha F
 " 8  81    c (2007 )  H  H R 1-Y15
http://uqu.edu.sa/aahakeem/ar/53949  
, +
 (ATCS) 
    G  1(2008) ' :3(
& ,' Y16
"
0;
,:"@


,
: "&,(5
A2<! + (  A (2002)& &
& ,' 9Y17
  '+  E+  E W0  8;  (2005)&
& ,(9Y18
&  ,"
, ,"9 "/ "
,&  (",;  &  0
<& $3  4
"/ 4
 
& '(
"&


(2000)& X
 , ,9Y19
107Y99S,1.,10&,( /,> M%B
+
 9
%,

*

&& 
& (
"& (2000)
& & 6Q,6" &
46'+"
 '( :,
& 6J"Y20
"(
 (
"
"# ;  <"@
:  !3  !"(
 !("
'"# >  &D

1. 12A 7  *  '00 , '!   0 6Q"&

7 20 
176Y166S
& :5
,1 1 3<
     (H1433)'%
: &
&Y21
3(5
&( 
22-Alexander, K. L., Entwisle, D. R., & Kabbani, N. S. (2001, October). The dropout
process in life course perspective: Early risk factors at home and school. Teachers
College Record, 103(5), 760-822
23-Baker, S. R. (2003). A prospective longitudinal investigation of social problemsolving appraisals on adjustment to university, stress, health, and academic motivation
and performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(3), 569-591.
24-Bean, P., and Eaton, B.( 2000. )A Psychological Model of College Student
Retention." In Rethinking the Departure Puzzle: New Theory and Research on
College Student Retention, ed. John M. Braxton. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt
University Press
25-Blankstein,K,Koledin,S,Flett,G(1991)The brief college student hassles scale:
Development, Validation and relation with pessimism, Journal of college student
Development,33,3,258-264
264-Bowkery,A(1993) Sisters In The blood :The education of women in Native
America Weshingtion,Newten Mess.
31

27-Constance,H,(2004) Intergenerational Transmission of Depression test of an

interpersonal stress Model in A community sample, Journal of counseling and
Clinical psychology,72,3,511-522
28-David, H, Leigh P,Tara,V JoAnne M., Vidyalakshmi S(2011) The Efficacy of the
Renew Model: Individualized School-to-Career Services for Youth At Risk of School
Dropout. The journal of At-Risk issues,15,2,
29-Danial,J (2010)The Academic and Social Adjustment of First Generation
College Students, Proquestllc,, Ed.D. Dissertation, Seton Hall University. 133.AAT
30-Finn, J. (1989). Withdrawing from school. Review of Educational Research, 59,
117-142
31-Hibbard, R& Davies,k.(2011) Perfectionism and Psychological Adjustment
among College Students: Does Educational Context Matter? North American
Journal of Psychology,. 13,. 2, 187-200.
32-Mahyuddin ,R, Abdullah, M, Elias,H ,Uli,J(2009) Adjustment Amongst first year
students in a Malaysian university, European Journal of Social Sciences 8, 3,496505
33-Mahyuddin ,R, Abdullah, M, Elias,H ,Uli,J(2010) Relationship between Coping
and university adjustment and academic achievement amongst first year
undergraduates in a Malaysian public university ,International Journal of Arts and
Sciences 3,11,379 392
34-Michelle, Isabelle A, Julia, L and Alegria ,M(2008) School Engagement
Trajectories and Their Differential Predictive Relations to Dropout, Journal of Social
Issues,. 64,. 1,. 21--40
35-Micheal,J,Frank,V,Denis,L,Richard,E(2001) Negative Social Experiences and
Dropping Out of Schoo, Educational Psychology,. 21,. 4,401-415
36-Micheal V. Fortuna R, Julia L, Alegria M(2011)Childhood Trauma and
Psychiatric Disorders as Correlates of School Dropout in a National Sample of Young
.Adults 82, 3, 982998
37-Martinez ,P(1998) : "9,000 Voices: Student Persistence and Drop-out in Further
Education" , Further Education Development Agency, London , FEDA Report, l.2,
,.7,78-108
38-Morris, J ,Costin, D Kalpidou, M (2011)The Relationship Between Facebook and
the Well-Being of Undergraduate College Students Cyber Psychology, Behavior, and
social networking 14, 4, 183-189

32

39-National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Washington (2000) : "High School
Dropouts, by Race-Ethnicity and Recency of Migration. Indicator of the Month", This
indicator is 1 of 60 from "The Condition of Education, 1999," a publication of the
National Center for Education Statistics, Report No: NCES-2000-009
40-Pascarella, E., & Terenzini, P.. (2005). How College Affects Students: A Third
Decade of Research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
41-Parker, A (1999) A Study of Variables that Predict Dropout from Distance
Education International. Journal of Educational Technology,2,36-46
42-Parker, A. (2003). Identifying predictors of academic persistence in distance
education. USDLA Journal, 17(1), 5562
.
43-Philippe,G& Julie,C (2009) Proximal and distal factors associated with dropout
versus maintained participation in organized sport, Journal of Sports Science and
Medicine 8, 9-16
44-Rausch,L Hamilton,W(2006) Goals and Distractions: Explanations of Early
Attrition from Traditional University Freshmen The Qualitative Report,, 2 ,317-334
45-Roderick, M. (1993). The path to dropping out: Evidence for intervention.
Westport, Conn.: Auburn House.
46-Ramos, S. & Nicholas, L. (2007). "Self efficacy of first generation and non first
generation college students: the relationship with academic performance and college
adjustment". Journal of College Counseling 10 (1). 6.-18
47-Shields,N (2002)Anticipatory socialization, adjustment to university life, and
perceived stress: generational and sibling effects, Social Psychology of Education 5,
365392,.
48-Wendy, S , (1995) : "School Dropouts: New Information about an Old
Problem", Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED), Washington
49-William A, Gassama,S(2006) Dropout Prevention Among Urban Minority
Adolescents: Program Evaluation and Practical Implications .National Journal For
Publishing And Mentoring Doctoral Student Research,3,1,1-4
50-Winner,s,Wilcox,s,Gauld,M(2005) It was nothing to do with the university, it was
just he people: the role of social support in the firstyear experience of higher
education. Studies in Higher Education ,30,6,707-722
51-Wilson,G,Paritchard,M&Yammitz,B(2007)What predicts adjustment among
college students? A longitudinal panel study. Journal of American college
Health,56,1,15-21

33