(B) Diamagnatic & Paramagnatic

:

.
:


.

Paramagnetic

Diamagnetic

unpaired electrons

all electrons paired

2p

2p

( )1 :
B. As
C. Cu
D. Fe

A. Ca

( )2
:
A. C
B. N
C. O
D. Ti
( )3
:
A. Mg
B. Ne C. Cu
D. none of these

) (C :

Hunds rule

.
: ( .)39 19 18 17
:
1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6
(:)17
1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6
(:)18
1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s1
(:)19
1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6, 5s2, 4d1
(:)39

The most stable arrangement of electrons

in subshells is the one with the greatest
number of parallel spins (Hunds rule).

2He

3Li

4Be

6C

2px 2px 2px

2s

1s

( )

) (2S
2P :

( )
) (2S )(2P
:

What is the electron configuration of Mg?

Mg 12 electrons
1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s
1s22s22p63s2

2 + 2 + 6 + 2 = 12 electrons

Abbreviated as [Ne]3s2

[Ne] 1s22s22p6

What are the possible quantum numbers for the

last (outermost) electron in Cl?
Cl 17 electrons
1s22s22p63s23p5

1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s

2 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 5 = 17 electrons

Last electron added to 3p orbital

n=3

l=1

ml = -1, 0, or +1

ms = or -

Outermost subshell being filled with electrons

:) 7(
Which of these choices is the electron configuration of an excited state of an
oxygen atom?
A. 1s22s22p4
B. 1s22s22p5
C. 1s22s22p33s1
D. 1s22s22p6
:) 8(
Which of these choices is the electron configuration of an excited
state of an iron atom?
A. [Ar]4s23d7
B. [Ar]4s23d6
C. [Ar]4s23d8
D. [Ar]4s13d7
MCQ: The general electron configuration for atoms of all elements in
Group 5A is
A. ns2np6.
B.
ns2np5.
C. ns2np4.
D.
ns2np3
E.
ns2np1.
MCQ: How many valence electrons does a tin (Sn) atom have?
A. 2 B. 4
C. 14 D. 36 E. 50

 5.7
Qn=7
Pn=6
On=5
Nn=4
Mn=3
Ln=2
Kn=1

The Building-Up Principle

7s
6s

6p

5s

5p

5d

4s

4p

4d

3s

3p

2s

2p

1s

79Au:

6d
5f

4f

[Ar] 4s1 3d5

1
5
42Mo [Kr] 5s 4d
1
14 5d5
74W [Xe] 6s 4f
[Ar] 4s1 3d10
1
10
47Ag [Kr] 5s 4d
1
14
10
79Au [xe] 6s 4f 6d
29Cu

3d

24Cr

Aufbau
principle

18Ar:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

36Kr:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6

54Xe:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s24d10 5p6

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 6d10

Roentgenium
111Rg:

[Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d9

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2

4d10

1H:

111Rg:

5p6

6s2

4f14

1s1

2 1s1
Li:
1s
3

6p6

7s2

5f14

Page 300

Pn=6

6s

6p

On=5

5s

5p

5d

Nn=4

4s

4p

4d

Mn=3

3s

3p

3d

Ln=2

2s

2p

Kn=1

1s

Ref: Chang

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1

Rb:
1s
37
55Cs:

7s

6d9

1s2 2s2 2p6 2s1

11Na:
19K:

5d10

Qn=7

6d

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1

87Fr:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s1

87Fr;

[Rn] 7s1 Fr : Francium

Rn : Radon

5f

4f

ns2

ns2

ns2

4p6 ns2

5p6 ns2

6p6 ns2

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f145d106p6 7s2 5f14 6d9

2He 4Be 10Ne12Mg 18Ar20Ca 36Kr

38Sr

54Xe 56Ba

80Hg 86Rn88Ra 102

No 111Mt

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d9
n= 1, es no. =2n2 = 2x12 = 2
n= 2, es no. = 2n2 = 2x22 = 8
n= 3, es no. = 2n2 = 2x32 = 18

n= 4 es no. = 2n2 = 2x42 = 32

n= 5, es no. =32
n= 6, es no. = 17
n=7, es no. = 2

30Zn

48Cd

80Hg

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f145d106p6 7s2 5f14 6d9

Shell n

sub shell l

0s

1/5

0s

1/5

1p

+1 , 0, -1

1/5

orbital

ml

spin ms

0s

1/5

1p

+1 , 0, -1

1.5

2d

+2, +1 , 0, -1, -2

1/5

0s

1/5

1p

+1 , 0, -1

1/5

n l ml

2d

+2, +1 , 0, -1, -2

1/5

e.g. 3p+1 3s0 (+1/5)

3f

+3, +2, +1 , 0, -1, -2, -3

1/5

General Rules for Assigning Electrons to Atomic Orbitals

) (1 n
n 2
2 1
l = 0 S
P .1 = l
) (2 :
= 2 l + 1
: 2 = n 0 1 s p
1 = 2 x 0 + 1 = 2 l + 1 =(0) s
3 = 2 x 1 + 1 = 2 l + 1 = (1) p

) (3
2n2 : 3 = n : =
18 = 2(3)2
297 110

: Cu Copper ) 9(
Which of these choices is the electron configuration of an excited state of
a copper atom?

A. [Ar]4s23d9
C. [Ar]4s13d8

B. [Ar]4s13d10
D. [Ar]4s23d8

Ag Cr , Mo , ) 10(
:Mo .Aufbau principle
The ground-state electron configuration of Cr, Mo, and Ag are exceptions
to the Aufbau principle. Which of the following is the electron configuration
for Mo?

A. [Kr]5s14d5

B. [Kr]5s24d4

C. [Xe]6s25d4 D. [Ar]4s24d4

H2O2 O-O ) 11(

: .210 KJ/mol
Breaking the oxygen-oxygen bond in hydrogen peroxide H2O2 requires 210
kJ/mol. What is the longest wavelength of light that can cause this bond to
be broken?
A. 5.7 x 10-5 m B. 9.5 x 10-31 m C. 2.8 x 10-7 m D. 5.7 x 10-7 m

(1) Write the ground state electron configuration for the selenium atom.
A. [Ar] 4s23d104p4
B. [Ne] 4s23d104p4
C. [Ar] 4s24d104p4
D. [Ar] 4s23d105p4
(2) Write the ground state electron configuration for the phosphorus atom.
A. [Ne] 3s23p3
B. [Ne] 4s24p3
C. [Ar] 3s23p3
D. [He] 3s23p3
(3) Calculate the energy of a photon of light with a wavelength of 360 nm.
A. 5.5 10-19 J
B. 5.5 1019 J
C. 2.2 10-10 J
D. 5.5 1010 J
(4) What is the difference in the electron configuration between carbon-14 and carbon12?
A. There is no difference.
B. There is difference by 2.
C. There is difference by 1. D. There is difference by 3.

(5) With regard to electron behavior, what happens when light is absorbed or emitted
by an atom?
A. The electrons move between orbitals.
B. The electrons did not move between orbitals.
C. The electrons move between orbitals and in side nucleus.
D. All Answers are correct.

(6) What is the total number of electrons possible in the 2p orbitals?

A. 6
B. 2
C. 8
D. 10
(7) What is the total number of electrons possible in the 6s orbital?
A. 2
B. 6
C. 8
D. 10
(8) What is the ground-state electron configuration for chlorine?
A. 1s22s22p63s23p5 or [Ne]3s23p5
B. 1s22s22p63s13p6 or [Ne]3s13p6
A. 1s22s22p63s23p5 or [Ne]3s23p5
B. 1s22s22p63s13p6 or [Ne]3s13p6
(9) If one electron is added to the outer shell of chlorine, to which element would the
configuration be similar?
A. Ar
B. Kr
C. Ne
D. He
(10) What is the electron configuration of calcium?
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 or [Ar]4s2
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 or [Ar]4s1
C. 1s22s22p63s2 or [Ne]4s2
D. 1s22s22p63s2 or [Ne]4s2
(11) If we take away two electrons from the outer shell of calcium, to which element
would the structure be similar?
A. Ar
B. Kr
C. Ne
D. He
(12) The colors of the visible spectrum are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet.
Of these colors, _______ has the most energy.
A. Violet
B. Red
C. Green
D. Blue

(13) The colors of the visible spectrum are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and
violet. Of these colors, ______ has the least energy.
A. Red
B. Blue
C. Green
D. Violet
(14) What is the outermost electron configuration of Te?
A. 5s24d105p4
B. 4s23d104p4
C. 5s24d105p5

D. 5s24d105p3

(15) What is the outermost electron configuration of Be?

A. 2s2
B. 3s2
C. 4s2

D. 2s1

(16) What is the outermost electron configuration of Mg?

A. 3s2
B. 4s2
C. 5s2

D. 3s1

(17) What is the outermost electron configuration of Ca?

A. 5s2
B. 4s2
C. 3s2

D. 4s1

(18) What is the outermost electron configuration of Sr?

A. 5s2
B. 4s2
C. 4s2

D. 5s1

(19) What is the wavelength of a ball bearing with a mass of 10.0 g, and a velocity of
10.0 cm/s?
A. 94.6.63 10-22 nm
B. 94.6.63 1013 nm
C. 94.6.63 10-13 nm
D. 94.6.63 1022 nm

(20) The bonds of oxygen molecules are broken by sunlight. The minimum energy
required to break the oxygen-oxygen bond is 495 kJ/mol. The wavelength of
sunlight that can cause this bond breakage is:
A. 242 nm
B. 424 nm
C. 121 nm
D. 240 nm

30Zn2+ )(

25Mn2+ )(

: d ) 21(
27Co2+ )(
22Ti2+ )(

(21) The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom found its greatest support in experimental
work on the photoelectric effect.
True False
(22) An electron in a 3p orbital could have a value of 2 for its angular momentum
quantum number (l).
True False
(23) A neon atom in its ground state will be diamagnetic.
True False
(24) Each shell (principal energy level) of quantum number n contains l subshells.
True False
(25) For all atoms of the same element, the 2s orbital is larger than the 1s orbital.
True False
(26) According to de Broglie's equation, the wavelength associated with the motion of
a particle increases as the particle mass decreases.
True False
(27) The frequency of the emitted light from a cesium atom is an intensive property.
True False

 :
( )1 .
( )2 .
( )3 .
( )4 .
( )5
.