Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ministry of Planning
- 1
Technical Specifications for
Civil Work
-1
1-1:
.
2-1 :
.
3-1 :
-1-
) (
.
4-1:
.
5-1 :
.
.
6-1
.
7-1 :
) (ISO ) (BS-I
) (ASTM
.
8-1 :
) (SI .
9-1 :
-2-
.
10-1 :
- 2 :
1-2 :
.
2-2 :
-3-
3-2 :
) (500
.
4-2 :
.
5-2 :
.
.
.
6-2:
-4-
.
900 )(4
) (1
) (40025
.
-3
1-3 :
.
2-3 :
.
.
3-3 :
.
-5-
4-3
.
. .
-4 :
1-4
.
2-4 ) Bench
(Marks
.
.
3-4
.
.
4-4
.
-6-
5-4
.
-5 :
1-5 4-2 2-2 10-1 9-1
4-3 3-3 2-3 6-2 5-2
.
2-5 ) (1-2
.
3-5 ) (3-2
.
4-5 ) (1-3
5-5 ) (4 .
-7-
-8-
-1:
.
.
.
-2 :
.
-3 :
.
-4:
1-4
.
) (2
-9-
.
.
2-4
1.5
.
) Well Point
(System
.
) (500
.
.
3-4
.
4-4
.
.
- 10 -
5-4
6-4
0
.
7-4
8-4
5 :
1-5
. )
(
) (500- 250
.
2-5
- 11 -
.
3-5 )(150
.
4-5
1-5
.
5-5
.
6-5 ) (48
7-5
.
6 :
1-6
.
- 12 -
2-6
200
%95
) (Proctor
.
3-6
2-6
. %95
)(Proctor
.
7 :
1-7 .
2-7
- :
1-2-7
) (SO3 % 0.2
) (SO3 ) 1:2 :( 1.0 /.
2-2-7
) (CL 0.5 /.
3-2-7
4-2-7
) (100.
5-2-7
6-2-7
.
- 13 -
3-7
) (200
%90
.
15
.
4-7
.
5-7
) 30-20( .
.
8 :
1-8
- 14 -
.
2-8
.
3-8
) (2 ) (1
) (5.0
) . (Berms
.
9 )(Hard core
1:8 .
10 :
.
- 15 -
11 :
1-11
1-1-11 :
.
2-1-11 :
)-5
(1 .
2-11 :
) (200
) (200
.
3-11 :
) (1-11
.
.
4-11 :
) (Hard core
.
5-11 :
.
- 16 -
- 17 -
.1:
.
.2:
1-2
1-1-2
) (5
.
2-1-2
) (2372
.
3-1-2
:
- 18 -
. )
( .
4-1-2:
) (5
7 )) ((
) (12
.
5-1-2
:
) (8
)) ((
) (7 ))
(( .
6-1-2
.
2-2:
1-2-2
:
- 19 -
4.75
.
).(1
2-2-2 :
74.5
).(2
3-2-2 :
).(3
4-2-2:
).(4
- 20 -
)(1
).. (45
2.36
10
14
20
37.5
63
75
)(
.. 23
5-0
40-10
70-35
100-95
100
5 40
10-0
60-30
100-95
100
5 20
10-0
85-50
100-90
100
5 14
50-0
5-0
10-0
25-0
5-0
25-0
-85
100
5-0
25-0
-85
100
100
25-0
100-85
30-0
-85
100
100
10
100-85
100
100
63
40
20
14
- 21 -
150
700
600
1.18
3.36
4.75
10
23
10-0
20-5
34-5
70-30
95-60
100-90
100
1-
10-0
30-8
59-35
90-55
100-75
100-90
100
_2
10-0
40-12
79-60
100-75
100-85
100-90
100
15-0
50-15
100-80
100-90
100-95
100-95
_4
100
_3
) (45
)(2
- 22 -
)(3
).. (45
.. 23
40
100
37.5
100-95
100
20
80-45
100-95
4.75
50-25
55-35
600
30-8
35-10
150
6-0
6-0
75
20
-
)(4
%0.06
% 0.15
%1.0
% 0.3
- 23 -
% 0.1 .
).(5
)(5
) (45
so 3
(
-1 :
-
0.5
4.0 *
300 /
4.5 250
/ 300 / .
)-2(
5.0
250/ .
-2
0.75
/ 300 /
5.5
250/ .
-3
300 /
5.0 250
) 1 (2
4.5 *
0.75
6.0 *.
:
-4 :
1.0
6.0 *.
*
.
- 24 -
) (42
.
75 ) (33
) (30
).(6
)(6
%
)(75
5.00
15.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
) (
2.00
2.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
3.002.0
) (47 % 10
) (41
).(44
5-2-2
:
- 25 -
150
150
.
)(7
.
)(7
)(
2.025.00 4.54.5
50
25 74.5
25
74.5
13
6-2-2
) (45 .
3-2:
1-3-2
.
2-3-2
.
- 26 -
3000 /
500 /
) 1000 (SO3 /
) (4
) (5
.
3-3-3
) (1692 .
4-3-2
1-3-2
1328
5-3-2
).(417
6-3-2
) (1692 .
4-2:
.
1-4-2
) (1436
:
.
- 27 -
.
2-4-2
%1
125
1000.
5000
.
1000 .
3-4-2:
4-4-2
) (ASTM C 494
) (1436
.
5-2:
) (1535
.
6-2:
- 28 -
1-6-2 :
1-1-6-2 :
)BS-
(BS-4449 4461
.
2-1-6-2
:
) (BS-4482
) (BS-4483
- :
) (BS-4486
) (BS-2691
) (BS-3617
2-6-2-:
).(BS-4767
- 29 -
.
.
3-6-2:
.
4-6-2:
1-4-6-2
) (8
.
)(8
10
10 50
50 100
100 500
500 1000
2-4-6-2
- 30 -
)25 (
5-6-2:
.
6-6-2:
4-6-2
.
-3:
1-3:
1-1-3
2-1-3
3-1-3
4-1-3
- 31 -
5-1-3
.
6-1-3
.
2-3
1-2-3
) (soft wood
.
2-2-3 ):(play wood
.
3-2-3
%20 .
4-2-3 :
.
5-2-3:
).(ASTM-B221
6-2-3 :
- 32 -
3-3:
1-3-3 :
) (50
.
.
2-3-3 :
.
3-3-3 (BRACING) :
.
4-3 :
.
5-3:
.
- 33 -
.
6-3:
) (
.
7-3 :
.
8-3:
1-8-3
) (1 ) (12 .
2-8-3
) (2 ) (10 .
3-8-3
) (2
) (25 .
4-8-3
) (6- ) (12+.
- 34 -
5-8-3 )-
(12 ) (50+
%2 ) (50
% 5
.
6-8-3 3 6 .
9-3:
1-9-3 .
2-9-3
.
3-9-3 ) (2
) (4 .
4-9-3
.
5-9-3 .
6-9-3 ) (35
) 1.5 1:(
- 35 -
7-9-3
.
10-3 :
) (70
,
).(9
)(9
)(
)(
20
20- 10
3.0
10
14
3.0
10
14
21
6.0
10
14
21
28
3.0
10
14
21
3.0
10
14
21
28
6.0
14
21
28
28
10-5
) (
- 36 -
-4 :
1-4
.
2-4
.
3-4
%4
.
4-4
.
5-4
40
20
.
- 5 :
- 37 -
1-5
.
.
2-5
.
.
.
3-5
.
4-5
.
5-5
.
6 :
.
7 :
- 38 -
1-7 :
.
.
.
.
2-7 :
1-2-7 -:
- 180 4
60 .
90 -
.
2-2-7 :
- 12 90
- 18 25 90
- 39 -
- 25 135
.
3-2-7 :
1-3-2-7
) (10
.
) (10
)(
16 25
) (6
36 32 28
) (8
56 42
) (10
2-3-2-7
)(4
3-3-2-7 ) (16
) (16
).(10
3-7:
.
4-7 :
.
- 40 -
5-7 :
1-5-7
.2-5-7
2-5-7 :
1-3-5-8
) (11
6-
3/1 -
. .
)(11
)(
200
10
5-
12
10-
> 400
15
12-
2-3-5-8
50
12 .
3-5-7 .
- 41 -
6-7 :
1-6-7
) (25
.2-2-2
2-6-7
35.
3-6-7
1.5
35.
4-6-7
.
5-6-7
350 .
7-7 :
1-7-7
.
2-7-7 .
3-7-7 32 .
4-7-7
40
.
- 42 -
5-7-7
.
8-7
1-8-7
)( :
) (
1
75
20
50
20
40
)
( :
40
40
40
20
40
:
20
15
20
10
2-8-7 :
)( -:
) : (
40
40
40
20
) : (
40
50
- 43 -
40 16
40
16
30
)
(:
40
30
40
15
:
) / 15(
10
:
16
15
16
10
3-8-7 :
50
75.
9-7 :
).(ACI318
10-7 :
.
.
- 44 -
. 28
.
.
6 ) (200
9.5 ) (200 ) (600
12.5 ) (600.
8:
1-8:
1-1-8
150
28
) (52
150
300 150
) . (BS-1881
224 .
2-1-8
3-1-8 .
) (12
.
- 45 -
)(12
/2
7
10
10.0
15
15.0
20
20.0
25
25.0
30
30.0
35
35.0
40
40.0
50
50.0
2-8 :
1-2-8 :
-
)(13
).(Slump test
)(13
)(SLUMP
- 46 -
)(
85
)(
40
70
20
100
50
100
50
50
40
- :
/
)14 (15 .
-
%5 .
)(14
/3
/3
:
)
(
.
)
( .
0.7
250
20
0.80
200
15
:
.
0.60
300
- 47 -
25
0.7
250
25
:
.
. 0.50
0.6
350
300
30
30
.
:
PH
0.54
*0.4
350
40
35
0.45
300
/ .
: 20
%15 10 %15
40 250/.3
)(15
)(SO3
SO3
SO3
) /
) (
0.2
1.0
0.5-0.2
1.9-1.0
-0.3
1.2
1.0-0.5
3.1-1.9
-1.2
2.5
2.0-1.0
5.6-3.1
-2.5
5.0
) 1:2:
( /
(
%3
/3
280
0.55
330
0.50
280
0.55
- 48 -
330
0.50
270
0.45
2.0
5.6
5.0
270
0.45
20 ) 0 (45
:
-1
50 / 3
10 40 / 3
40 250
/0 3
-2
) (45
PH 9-6
-3
SO3 .
-4
SO3 %0.5
-5
/ )(2:1 .
/
.
2-2-8 /
:
-
) . (3- 2-8
- ) (4-2-8
.
- ).(1-2-8
3-2-8 :
- 49 -
.50
28
28
3/ 2
3/. 2
4-2-8 :
20
.
/
-:
- 40
1.64
/20 2 7.5
/ 2 20 /2
.
-
20 / 2
20 /. 2
5-2-8 /:
- 50 -
/ ) (14
.
3-8 :
1-3-8
28 7
" C.D
- 51 -
" C.D
- 52 -
4-8 :
1-4-8 3-3-8
.
2-4-8 -8
4-3
.
3-4-8 ))
(( .
4-4-8
) (55
3 / . 2
25-18 % 60 7
48
.
% 80
- 53 -
) (3/2
.
5-4-8 3-3-8
.
5-8 :
1-5-8
.
%1 %2+
.%3
.
2-5-8 :
.
3-5-8
-:
-
.
- 54 -
- .
-
.
1-3-5-8 :
0.75 3
.
15 0.75 3
.
.
2-3-5-8 :
. :
)
( .
) (
- 55 -
.
.
4-5-8 :
1-4-5-8 -:
2-4-5-8 :
-:
) ( .
:
) (
) (
3-4-5-8 :
- 56 -
/
-:
-
.
-
.
-
.
-
.
-
-
1.5.
-
35 00 3 100.3
5-5-8 :
- 57 -
0 :
-
.
- .
-
-
-
.
-
.
-
-
.
-
.
-
.
-
) (
.
-
- ) (chutes
) (2:1
). (3:1
- 58 -
6-5-8 :
%30 % 5
.
-
) ( .
.
7-5-8 :
14-7
-:
1-7-5-8 :
- 59 -
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- 60 -
- :
.
2-7-5-8 :
-
-
-
14-7
-
5-8
.
1-6-8
5 40
.
2-6-8 :
:
- :
.
- 61 -
.
- :
5-4
.
.
- :
.
.
3-6-8 :
.
.
4-6-8 :
.
5-6-8 :
- 62 -
-
.
-
.
-
. .
-
.
-
.
-
.
6-6-8 :
-:
-
.
-
.
-
.
-
- 63 -
.
.
4
.
7- 8 :
1-7-8 :
4-3 4-3
30
80- 600
- 750
- 38
.
-
17.
2-7-8 :
-:
- 64 -
.
-
.
- 6 753 3
%65
28.
- -:
-1 "
".
-2
.
-3 .
-
.
- /
.
8-8 :
1-8-8:
"
"
-:
-
. ..
- 65 -
.
:
2-8-8
. . ..
-
.
-
.
.
-
-
.
-
.
- -:
-1 ) 1:3:25 (. 1.2
.
-2 ) (1:2 )(1:3
) (1:1 .
:
9-8
. -:
-
- 66 -
.
-
) uniformity
(tests
15 .
.
- 1328
- .
- )( .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
.
- 67 -
10-8
1-10-8
: -:
-
Prestressed post-tensioned concrete
-
Prestressed pre-tensioned concrete
2-10-8 :
- ) (Grout
.
0.5.
-
.
-
.
- 1 6
.
-
.
2-10-8
-:
-
.
- .
-
.
- 68 -
-
.
.
-
.
- 8
.
5 40 .
- .
4-10-8 :
-
- ) (Unbonded
- .
- .
-
.5 :1
- ) Clear
(distance 1.5
25 .
11-8
1-11-8
.
2-11-8
1 -2-11-8 :
-
:
/2
12
- 69 -
10 12-3
3
- .
-
-
:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-
:
2
12
32 12-3
3
- 3
.
- 10.
- .
-
.
- .
- -:
%17- 70 -
.
5 %10 .
.
5 0 2 .
-9 :
1-9
1-1-9
.
2-1-9
) 05 (03 ) 10 (02
.
3-1-9
.
4-1-9
.
2-9 .
1-2-9
) ( -:
-
-
.
.
- .
- 71 -
-.
-
.
- )(
.
- .
- .
- .
2-2-9
) ( 1-2-9 .
3-9
1-3-9
.
2-3-9 .
3-3-9 ) (BRC ) ( 2 .
4-9:
-:
- .
- .
- 15 .
- ) .
- .
-
.
- 72 -
-
- .
-
.2-9
- .
- .
5-9 :
1-5-9
.
2-5-9
) ( ) ( .
6-9 :
- 73 -
- 74 -
-1:
BS- 800-Section Seven
-2
1-2
2-2
) (6
.
-3 :
1-3
:
- 75 -
400 400
.
2-3
3-3
) (6
150 150.
)(6
) ( /3
28 ) /( 2
400
25
300
20
4-3
1-4-3
.
2-4-3 :
75:1 75.
- 76 -
3-4-3 :
.
4-4-3 :
50 75
.
.
5-4-3 :
-4 :
1-4
) (3
.
2-4
3-4
) 150 150( 28 35 /
2 .
4-4
:
- 77 -
50 75 .
600
.
.
5-4
-5 :
1-5
): (DRIVEN
)(Permanent Casing
.
1-1-5 :
.
2-1-5 :
300/ 3 75 125
100 175
600
.
.
3-1-5 :
- 78 -
.
.
4-1-5 :
.
5-1-5 :
) 500(
.
6-1-5 : 2-4-3 .
7-1-5 ) : (RISEN PILES
.
2-5
): (BORED PILES
: ) 600 ( ) 600(.
1-2-5 :
.
- 79 -
2-2-5 : .2-1-5
3-2-5 : 3-1-5
.
.
.
)
(
4-2-5 : .4-1-5
5-2-5 : .5-1-5
6-2-5 : .6-1-5
-6 :
1-6
- 80 -
2-6
.
25
.
.
3-6
" .
.
4-6
" 1.3
.
.
- 81 -
2.0 .
" .
5-6
0.5
2.0
) (DIAL GAUGES
0.1 .
.
6-6
1-6-6 :
%25
%10
.
0.25 /
24
.
- 82 -
24 .
.
2-6-6 :
.
-7 :
1-7
2-7
3-7
4-7
5-7
- 83 -
- 84 -
-1:
.
-2:
: :
1-2
1-2-2
""
1-1-1-2:
""
). (25
%390
75115240
-:
%3
%4
5
). (1
)(1
- 85 -
:2
) (
16
%20
18
%22
13
11
%24
%26
%26
%28
2-1-1-2:
:
.
- :
30
3
.
3-1-1-2:
) (24 "
.
4-1-1-2:
.
2-1-2
1-2-1-2
:
- 86 -
- 87 -
1068
5
45 / 200
100 50 2
:
17 / 2 20 2 / 3
" " %8
5.%6
"
%2
10.
2-2-1-2
- :
6 12
100 . 100
6 50 .
3-2-1-2
32
4-2-1-2
1068
.
3-1-2
:
- 87 -
- 88 -
1-3-1-2
:
240 115 75 :
3
2
548 ).(2
)(2
/2
14
/3
17
71
- - 1.82
20
.
:
).(548
- 88 -
- 89 -
:
548
.
2-2
:
1-2-2 :
1-1-2-2
)240 115 75(
%25
:
" )
(
%90
%10
).(3
)(3
/
- 89 -
- 90 -
5 240
5 240
5 240
5 240
5 40
4 160
5 240
5 240
3 100
6 320
5 240
3 100
2419
).(4
)(4
/2
7
2.5
6
2
17
24
20
27
2-1-2-2
2-1-1-2 .
3-1-2-2
3-1-1-2 .
4-1-2-2
4-1-1-2 .
2-2-2 :
1-2-2-2
) (5
" "
"
- 90 -
- 91 -
%20 %50-21 .
).(5
)(5
240
240
160
) (
: 4
3
548
).(6
)(6
/
/ 2
2
9
3 1
41.6-1
2-2-2-2
04% 0
%12"
:
- :
- :
2500 ) (5 .
) (5
) (5
- 91 -
- 92 -
.
3-2-2-2
4-2-2-2
.548
548
.
3-2-2 :
:
-1 .
1-3-2-2
-2 .
-3
:
1-1-3-2-2:
) (1068
. 5
.
45 /
%25
- 92 -
- 93 -
)%(50-25 .
.
1077
) (7:
)(7
/ 2
)(%
3
13
11
10
15
7
5
6
4.5
15
20
.
.
25 %5
.
).(8
)(8
- 93 -
- 94 -
/
200
200
200
150
200
150
/
400
400
300
300
300
300
/
200
150
150
150
100
100
20 .
3 .
2-1-3-2-2:
:
6 12
.
.
: .
3-1-3-2-2:
2-1-3-2-2
32 .
4 -1-3-2-2:
- 94 -
- 95 -
1077
.
:
2-3-2-2
1-2-3-2-2:
5 45 /
.
300
200 100
. :
/3
1680
2000-1680
2000
%5 20
.
1129
).(9
)(9
- 95 -
- 96 -
) (
) (
/2
3.5
4.0
22
18
3
2-2-3-2-2:
) (2-1-3-2-2 .
3-2-3-2-2:
).(3-1-3-2-2
4-2-3-2-2:
.
4-2-2 )( .
1-4-2-2
)(
.
).(10
)(10
- 96 -
- 97 -
490
490
590
590
180
120
180
240
240
240
240
240
.
.
1441 ). (11
)(11
0.5
65
70
0.8
/3
/ 2
2
3
4
6
2.5
4
5
7
45
45
45
45
550-451
650-551
750-651
850-751
* .
**
2-4-2-2
:
- 97 -
12
12
12
12
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
- 98 -
-:
2000 .
15 .
6.
.
3-4-2-2
). (1441
4-4-2-2
:
-1
.
-2
-3
). (11
-4
3-2 :
:
.
1-3-2:
:
- ) (
- ) ( .
- 98 -
- 99 -
- .
- ) ( .
.
1-1-3-2:
1387 ).(12
)(12
-
075
% )(
-
/)3(
/) 2(
2600
2800
2700
2300
)(
)(
)(
)(
52
7
1
==
/) 2(
-
==
)(
- 99 -
- 100 -
* )(2715
** ). (1475
1-3-2
)(
.
:
- %60 .
- %90
.
-
1-1-3-2
%25 .
:
1387
). (13
)(13
%)(
-
/)3(
-
/) 2(
-
20
2
1
2250
2400
2550
14
70
14
2
7
14
1
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
=
=
)(
)(
/) 2(
)(
)(
) (
- 100 -
- 101 -
**
* )(2715
** = = = = )(1475
2-3-2
) (
) ( .
:
- :
1760 / 3 2150 /.3
- :
2150/ 3 2500/.3
- :
2500/.3
.
-1-3-3-2
1387 ). (14
)(14
- 101 -
- 102 -
%)(
-
/)3(
/) 2(
-
12
57
3
1750
2150
2550
12
18
55
2
3.5
7
1
)(
)(
)(
)(
65
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
/) 2(
-
)(
) (
) (
)(31
3-3-2
)(
)(
1-3-3-2
- 102 -
- 103 -
1387 ).(15
)(15
-
400
% )(
)(65
-
2500
/)3(
120
/) 2(
-
10
/) 2(
-
) (
)(31
4-3-2
) (16
.
)(16
- 103 -
- 104 -
5-3-2
.
6-3-2
65
.
- 104 -
- 105 -
7-3-2
) (16
- 105 -
- 106 -
)(
)(
-1
.
-2
:
1-2
) ( .
2-2
:
- 106 -
- 107 -
.
3-2
) ( .
4-2
)( .
1-4-2:
:
- .
.
- .
.
.
2-4-2:
1-4-2
) (807
)1.(2
- 107 -
- 108 -
)(1
%
%
)(
)(
%
%
)(
60
70
70
80
80
85
85
25
15
15
)(
- 108 -
- 109 -
5
/
6 0
0.3
6 0
" C.D
- 109 -
5
5
- 110 -
3-4-2
) ( 2
30 . 30
. " "
3 2
%1
. 450
32
) (3
.
)(3
019
25
3.57
50
3-2
54
1.63
34
- 110 -
- 111 -
4-4-2:
337
.
5-4-2:
) (807
.
5-2
) (CASO4.2H2O
.28
1-5-2:
:
.
" 16 %8
)8( 25 . )15
( .
%35"
.
% 20.5
" %9" %9
".
:
- 111 -
- 112 -
" 16 %16
)(8
) (25 5 / 2
1.5 / 2
5 . %45"
./20.5
:
.
16 % 5
) (12 ) (20 6 / 2
2 / 2 5.
%40
%20.5 %9 %9
.
2-5-2:
). (4
)(4
- 112 -
- 113 -
10-2
12
16
3 3
10
10 10 16
3-5-2:
:
- :
)(26 .
5 :
) (27 .
4-5-2:
).(28
-3
) (
3:1
)4:1:( .
).(5
)(5
) (
- 113 -
- 114 -
75) 4 (49
306) 8 (2
) (11.8) (16
600) 30(
300) 50(
150) 100(
75) 200(
100
100-95
100
100-95
100-70
100-70
75-40
75-40
35-10
40-20
15-2
-
25-10
10-
.
.
.
-4
) (2 )(5
) 3:1 :( 4:1
.
) 9:2:1 :(
6:1:1
.
-5
- 114 -
- 115 -
"
.
- 115 -
- 116 -
-1:
"
.
-2
1-2 )( :
- 116 -
- 117 -
"
"
".
1-1-2 :
)( " " .
1-1-1-2 :
.
2-1-1-2
3-1-1-2
- .
- ) (
2.55.
- 117 -
- 118 -
4-1-1-2
:
- :
) ( .
5
"
.
5-1-1-2
75 ) (
115240
.
6-1-1-2
)240(
.
.
7-1-1-2
.
8-1-1-2
.
- 118 -
- 119 -
2-1-2 :
-1 ) (
.
-2 " ".
-3 "
.
-4 .
-5 "
. . .
-6 .
-7 .
-8
"
" .
-9
1.5 .
2-2
- 119 -
- 120 -
500
.
3
1-3
" .
.
1-1-3
. .
2-1-3
.
3-1-3 )(
" . .
4-1-3
.
5-1-3
.
6-1-3
.
- 120 -
- 121 -
7-1-3
.
8-1-3
9-1-3
2-3 )( :
1-3 )-3
(9-1-3 8-1-3 7-1-3 6-1-3 -3-1 .
-4 :
1-4 :
:
:
.
: .
:
.
: 30-20
- 121 -
- 122 -
:
.
:
2-4
-1 :
400 900
.
.
-2 :
" 250
.
.
- 5 :
1-5
:
- 122 -
- 123 -
"
" 2-2
.
2-5 :
1-2-5
" .
30-20 "
) 3:1 :( "
.
" .
.
3-2-5
.
"
- 123 -
- 124 -
500
-6
)) ((
. .
1-6
)) (( .
2-6
.
3-6
) ( )(
.
4-6
.
5-6 150
.
6-6
- 124 -
- 125 -
7 :
1-7
2-7 200
20.5
3-7 240 .
4-7 120 .
5-7 200 .
6-7 200 .
7-7 300 .
8-7 300 .
9-7
10-7
- 125 -
- 126 -
- 126 -
- 127 -
-1
- 127 -
- 128 -
-2:
1-2 :
1-1-2:
. )(
.
4 1/ 2 2.5/ . 2
. )( 3.5/ 2
.
.
1.8/ 2 2.5/2
.
2-1-2:
) (4
.
3-1-2:
2
) (1
".
)(1
- 128 -
- 129 -
100
100 200
200 500
500 1000
5
6
7
8
9
1000
4-1-2:
) (4
200 300
).(4
5-1 -2:
.
2-2 :
. .
.
:
1-2-2
-1 :
.% 4
- 129 -
- 130 -
-2 :
\
%12 -%4.
-3 :
.
%25-%8.
-4 :
-%16
.%50
2-2-2:
) (1196 ).(2
3-2-2:
-:
-:
13
.
- :
1
.
- 130 -
- 131 -
- :
)(2
25
57
66
70
80
85
26
246
246
3
18
90
60
180
6
18
-
40
100
6
15
-
35
90
2.5
10
)(
96
46
25)(
99
-
99
- 131 -
99
96
107
246
6
12
-
21.5
99
25
35
-
- 132 -
- " 4 3
. 4 3
.
4-2-2:
:
100
143
) ( 160
146
5-3-2
) (2
.
3-2 :
.
1-3-2:
"
1195 :
25 161-4 - :
< 25 5 % 35"
- 132 -
- 133 -
360 % 65"
360 :
)( 100 5 25 (50-20) %99 2-3-2:
- "
.
- " "
.
- 500 3
"
.
" 1000 3
.
.
3-3-2:
:
-
330
)( 9
ASTM 04 4 95 .1983
315
4-3-2:
- 133 -
- 134 -
1-3-2
.
4-2
)(:
)(
)(
.
1-4-2:
)(
1110:
- : 90 25 150 5.
- : 5 70
- : 6
.
- :
11
11
2-4-2
.
.
- :
- 134 -
- 135 -
. 11
.
3-4-2:
"
))
((.
3-4-2
).(1117
5-4-2
.
.
6-4-2:
-1 )) ((
.
-2 )(
.
.
3
.
- 135 -
- 136 -
-3 "
) (2.
-4
) (2.
-5
.
. .
6 " 3 .
5-2 :
) (
"
. .
1-5-2:
:
- :
.
- 136 -
- 137 -
- :
.
- :
.
- :
.
2-5-2:
) (1173
).(3
)(3
- 137 -
- 138 -
980
1040
980
1080
.2 %
45
55
40
60
47
53
45
55
.3
20
30
50
25
45
__
55
24
40
60
24
53
24
55
24
.1 )(
)(%
.4
.5 /
980
1140 1100 1040
.6
.7
3+_100
.8 ) 0.5_+( .
.9
.10
3-5-2
-
"
00 "
.
- .
- 138 -
- 139 -
:
)(4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
8-2
27-9
64-28
125-65
216-126
343-217
512-344
729-513
1000-730
1331-1001
- 100 80
8 .
- 4
4
.
4-5-2
).(1174
- 139 -
- 140 -
5-5-2
).(1173
6-2 :
"
" " "
) (
.
" .
1-6-2:
- :
"
%25
. .
- :
.
2-6-2:
1257 :
- 140 -
- 141 -
1-2-6-2:
- :
"
.
- :
"
.
2-2-6-2 :
) (
) (66
24
3-2-6-2 :
) (
) (65
) (728 ) (
% 3 4
.
4-2-6-2:
) (
) (65 7
) (70
6 .
- 141 -
- 142 -
5-2-6-2 :
) ( %50
67
130 4
.
6-2-6-2 :
- 32
22
244
.
-
32
).(244
7-2-6-2:
) (
) (65 300300
.
8-2-6-2 :
) (
) (1257
5 .
:
.
3-6-2:
- 142 -
- 143 -
. ) (
.5
(
.
%5 .
)(
. ) (5
)(5
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10-2
20-11
35-21
50-36
70-51
90-71
125-91
160-126
200-161
50
- 143 -
- 144 -
.
:
-
- : .
: 46
.
4-6-2:
1-2-6-2 .8-2-6-2
5-6-2:
) (1257
.
6-6-2
-1 ) ( .
-2
.
-3
.
- 144 -
- 145 -
-4 -
)(
.
-5 .
)( .
. .
-6
.
-7
.
-8
7-6-2
-:
-1 -: .
- 145 -
- 146 -
-2 -:
.
-3 -:
.
.
8-6-2 :
-1
.
-2
.
.
-3 .
-4 ) (
C.D"
- 146 -
- 147 -
-4
4
" .
7-2 :
.1647 .
%15 )5 % 7
( .
- 147 -
- 148 -
1-7-2
12
.
.
2-7-2
) (1647 )(6
)(6
-1
2 /
-2
-
-
====
====
%25
16 452
-3
%30
-4
- 148 -
- 149 -
-5
%75 ) (
-6
%25 ) (
-7
4 ) (
-8
-9
3-7-2
.
4-7-2
5-7-2
.1647
6-7-2
.1647
8-2
15 .
.
1-8-2:
.
2-8-2:
) (7:
)(7
) (
)(
100
150
200
220
) *(
4
5
- 149 -
)(
- 150 -
220
250
7
300
350
1030
8
350
400
* .
.
3-8-2 :
) (8-:
)(8
)/ (
10
10
4-8-2
3366 ). (9
5-8-2
2-9-2.
6-8-2:
) (9
.
9-2
- 150 -
- 151 -
)(9
- ) (
4 1
65
- ,, ,,
1.22
- ) (
/ ) (
250
3010
- :
/ /
/ = = / /-
20
20
5
10
10
/ / / /
688
108
437
- /
2
- 151 -
200/
=====
1151
3366
====
- 152 -
/ /
,, = 1.20 /2
1-9-2
1280
-:
-1 :
%50 7 0 /
2 35 / 2 13
7 8 /2
7 0 / .2
.%3
-2:
%70 10 .
-3:
5 6
%50 .
-4 :
%35 "
.
-5 :
%15 13
% 20 13.
-6 :
.
-7 :
- 152 -
- 153 -
) (100-25 25
).(9
-8:
304 0 / .3
2-9-2
-1
100. 2
-2
115
115.
3-9-2
)(1280
4-9-2
).(1280
10-2
.
11-2
" "
- :
.
.
.
1-11-2
3331 :
- 153 -
- 154 -
-1 :
.
.
-2 :
:
45.
600.
-3 :
3
-:
) (3 16/2
)72( . %80
3 .
) (7 %80 )168( .
7 .
(1) : .
(2) :
%3 .
2-11-2
.
3-11-2
).(3331
4-11-2
.
-3 :
- 154 -
- 155 -
1-3 :
1-1-3
.
2-1-3 ".
3-1-3
.
4-1-3
.
5-1-3
.
6-1-3
.
7-1-3
.
8-1-3 5
.
2-3
:
1-2-3 :
.
- 155 -
- 156 -
.
1-1-2-3
.
2-1-2-3
"
200 150
" .1-1-2-3
3-1-2-3
100
4-1-2-3
"
5-1-2-3
- 156 -
- 157 -
.
6-1-2-3
.
.
7-1-2-3
.
8-1-2-3
150 -100
.
9-1-2-3
.
10-1-2-3
- 157 -
- 158 -
11-1-2-3
) (piywood .
2-2-3 :
1-2-2-3 .
2-2-2-3
150
.
3-2-2-3
.
4-2-2-3
.
5-2-2-3
6-2-2-3
.
3-3
:
- 158 -
- 159 -
1-3-3 .
2-3-3
.
2-3-3
3-3-3
4-3 :
:
1-4-3
.
2-4-3
.
3-4-3
. .
4-4-3
.
- 159 -
- 160 -
5-4-3
.
6-4-3
.
7-4-3
.
8-4-3 (water stopper) PVC
"
"
.
9-4-3
.
10-4-3
.
11-4-3
.
-4 :
1-4 )(Over Laps
- 160 -
- 161 -
. 50 0 .
2-4
.
3-4
4-4
- 161 -
- 162 -
- 162 -
- 163 -
-1:
.
-2:
1-2 :
/ .
1-1-2:
.
:
0.2 / 2 .
:
.
: .
2-1-2:
.1470
)(
- 163 -
- 164 -
)(1
)(1
) /(3
-1
35
-1
2
3
85-35
160-90
320-170
3-1-2:
).(1477
1-3-1-2 :
/ 15
.
2-3-1-2 :
" .
3-3-1-2 :
.
4-3-1-2:
.
5-3-1-2 : ).(10-6
6-3-1-2 :
%95
%75 .
7-3-1-2 :K
) (k 40
).(2
- 164 -
- 165 -
)(2
*
/ )(
)-1(
)-1(
)( 2
)( 3
040.9
50
0340
0340
0340
060.9
100
020.5
020.5
020.5
*
.1477
8-3-1-2 :
) %5(
.
4-1-2
: ).(3 )(3
)(
57
15
30
60
600
7152-12
760
21.2
51.2
-
-
900
301
712
801
30.1
30.8
60.1
760
: :
- 165 -
4201-25
712
- 166 -
5-1-2
) (4
) ( .
6-1-2
).(1477
7-1-2
).(4
. ).(4
) (4 .
)(4
150
1
- 166 -
- 167 -
1200- 151
5
8
13
25000-1201
25000
8-1-2
1
2
3
8
8
13
1
1
2
/
:
0.3 0 00.5 . . 0.1. 2-2
).(1475
1-2-2
1-1-2-2 :
:
).(5
- 167 -
- 168 -
)(5
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
300450
60
70
80
90
100
120
40
50
250 500
500 500
600450
1000500
1200600
2-1-2-2 :
10 ) ( .
100 .
- 168 -
- 169 -
).(6
)(6
1.6
3.2
3.2
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
3.2
3-1-2-2 :
.
2-2-2:
)(1475
)7 (8 :
- 169 -
- 170 -
)(8
*
.
0740.5
0720.5
0630.5
0620.5
0600
100
90
50
40
25
10
- 170 -
- 171 -
050.8
0560.5
0530.5
20-
*
).(1475
3-2-2:
) (5-1-2 .
4-2-2
).(1475
5-2-2:
) (7-1-2 .
3-2 ) (
) 75.(
1-3-2
:
) /(3
16
20-16
24- 20
2-3-1
:
1-2-3-2 ):(1
.
- 171 -
- 172 -
2-2-3-2 ):(2
) (1
) ( 125 )150
150( ).(1788
"
.
2-3-2
1-3-3-2
:
1000 :2000 .
500 : 1000
10 :20 30 40 50 .
2-3-3-2
5-1-2 .
6-3-2
).(9
7-3-2:
7-1-2 .
- 172 -
- 173 -
4-2
70-
110.
1-4-2
:
) :(1 27/.3
)(9
) (
) /2
) (
) / (2
38
140
41
70
70
70
160
1.6
180
1.8
90
0.9
60
110
1.1
50
/
10) / .(
0370
1
1818
).(752
1171
) %90 (
/ 24 2
0360
1
) (
- 173 -
030.5
1
1171
- 174 -
80(%)
)(
)(1
125
)(2
125
1878
) :(2 40 -27 /3
)1 = = = :(3 64- 40 /3
2-4-2 :
1-2-4-2
) (10 .
)(10
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
75
100
125
500500
600600
600900
10001000
9001800
10002000
- 174 -
4 1000
5
1000
- 175 -
12002400
150
2-4-2 900
100 .
.
6 1.6 .
3-4-2
:
1-3-4-2:
.
: 6 6 6
3 3 3 .
-:
%10
%20 .
2-3-4-2 :
1116 ).(11
3-3-4-2 :
) (1116 ).(11
4-4-2:
5-1-2 .
5-4-2:
3-4-2 .
- 175 -
- 176 -
6-4-2:
7-1-2 .
)(11
/3
2.07040
146- 40
350
2.07
24
/ .
%245
%245
%245
%10
38
115
%88 \
1 /
24
%
290
4
752
220
4
180
4
631
1116
) (
) (
) / (
/ 2
105
140
275
1768
- 176 -
- 177 -
CD
- 177 -
- 178 -
5-2
,
1-5-2:
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 :
-
-4 :
-
2-5-2 :
1-2-5-2:
).(12
).(12
)(
10001000
25
600800
800800
4
90 80 75 60 50 45 40 35 30
3
.
- 178 -
100
- 179 -
2-2-5-2 :
)(13
)(13
)(
600
800
1000
).(14
)(14
20
15
)(
300 250 200 125 100 9 80 65 50 40 32 25
0
)(
2+
3+
4+
25
20
35
65
50
30
40
45
75
3+
2 3-2-5-2 :
).(15
)(15
- 179 -
- 180 -
30
30
30
30
30
30
15
15
15
15
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0.3
2
2
2
2
2
16
16
16
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
2
2
3
4-2-5-2 :
3.
3-5-2:
1-3-5-2 )( .
1-1-3-5-2:
.
2-1-3-5-2:
732
).(16
)(16
- 180 -
- 181 -
/3
5 70
110.5
600
10
3-1-3-5-2 :
600 .
2-3-5-2 :
1-2-3-5-2:
.
2-2-3-5-2:
372
).(17
)(17
/ 3
( /
)
5_+ 70
- 181 -
- 182 -
15
20
450
60
25
30
400
00.8
35
350
0640
3-2-3-5-2 :
400.
3-3-5-2
1-3-3-5-2:
) ( .
100 .
.
2-3-3-5-2:
372 ).(18
)(18
/3
5 75
350
064 0
3-3-3-5-2 :
- 182 -
- 183 -
400.
4-5:
5-1-2 .
5-5:
).(372
5-5:
7-1-2 .
6-2 :
)
( .
650
980
1-6-2
1-1-1-2:
-1 :
- 184 -
)(100 75 60 50 40 25 :
40 ) ( :
)(
.110
-
.
. 2-1-6-2 :
3-1-6-2
.1 :
)( 3
)( 3+ 1.5-
.2 :
)( 3
)( 5+
)( 3+1.5-
: )3(.
- 184 -
- 185 -
2-6-2
.2386
1-2-6-2
5%7.
2-2-6-2
320-160 / 3
_% 15+ .
3-2-6-2 :
% 10 -:
- 15 .
) 18 170 ( . 4-2-6-2 :
240 .
5-2-6-2 :
" " Sanking Heat -:
) ( %2-
) ( _%15
%10 345 ) /
.( 2
6-2-6-2
:
- 185 -
- 186 -
40
).(19
)(19
.
100
150
.
150
250
/ .
%61
%70
7-2-6-2 :
8.11
3-6-2:
5-1-2 .
4-6-2:
).(1386
5-6-2:
7-1-2 .
7-2:
.
1-7-2:
- 186 -
- 187 -
).(20
)(20
/3
48
59
64
72
88
1
2
3
4
80
88
96
112
128
8-7-2:
).(2122
)(21
) / . 2(
1
2
3
4
/ .
84-
42
442
442
71.2
442
332
425.
- 187 -
442
- 188 -
)(22
) (
5 9
714
362
1.8
6000
3000
50
1
2
3
4
80-30
100-80
10-
100-90
10-
90-45
10-95
10-
100-90
90
3-7-2
5-
98-60
5-1-2 .
4-7-2
:
ASTM-C250 ASTM- C516
ASTM- C177 . ASTM- C136
5-7-2
7-1-2 .
8-2
.
1-8-2
- ):(1
.
- 188 -
- 189 -
):(2
.
2-8-2:
) (1527 ).(23
3-8-2:
)
000( .
) 30 (
.
1.5 2 .
72 22 .
)(23
- 189 -
- 190 -
- %10
10
- 48
23
)(2
200
)(1
100
20
20
22
22
10
- 23
%50-
38- / 5-%88
25-70+ %90
100+
541.5
541.5
-16-2
4
2
5-3.
.
. 4-8-2:
).(1527
5-8-2:
- 190 -
- 191 -
).(1527
6-8-2 : .
:
.
. . -
.
- :
24 / 10 6
26 / 23
"
.
" .
- 191 -
- 192 -
-3
:
1-3 :
.
. .
.
.
300
) (
.
. :
40 50.
. - .
".
- 192 -
- 193 -
2-3 :
. 15 .
- )
(
-4 :
1-4
) (Over laps
50 0 .
2-4
.
3-4 .
- 193 -
- 194 -
-1
.
-2
1-2:
)(BS-3083
) (BS-1449:PART1 ) (FLASHING
) (BS-6961 ) (BS-1178
) .(BS-1091
).(BS-3083
- 194 -
- 195 -
2-2:
.
3-2:
1-3-2
. .
2-3-2
.
3-3-2
) (150
) (250 .
4-3-2 ) (1
) (PURTINS ) (40
) (400.
5-3-2
.
4-2
:
1-4-2
- 195 -
- 196 -
2-4-2
.
.
.
3-4-2
5-2
) (1000
) (1000
) (1000
.
6-2
).(BS-3083
-3 :
1-3:
)(BS-4868
) (BS-1494:PART 1
) (BS-2997
- 197 -
)( ) (BS-1091
.
.
2-3:
.
.
3-3:
1-3-3
.
2-3-3
.
.
3-3-3
) (150
) (250 .
4-3-3
) (1
.
)(40
)(400
.
5-3-3
.
- 197 -
- 198 -
6-3-3
) (4 ) (PVC
).(BS- 2571
7-3-3
.
4-3:
) (1000
) (1000
.
5-3:
1-5-3 :
). (BS- 18: PART 1
2-5-3 :
) (BS- 1728
.
6-3
5-3
.
-4
:
- 198 -
- 199 -
1-4
) (BS- 690:PART 3
.
)(BS- 1499:PART 1
) (BS-569 ) (BS-460
.
2-4
): (Squareness
1 100
.
3-4
.
4-4
1-4-4
.
2-4-4 2
.
40 .
3-4-4 )(5 20
300 200 ). (5 20
- 199 -
- 200 -
4-4-4 45
30
.
5-4
).(1
)(1
)(
)(
5
800-401
1500-801
10
3000-1501
15
400
.
6-4
) (BS- 4624
) (ISO/ R 393 ) (ISO / R 393 394
) (BS-4624 ) (ISO /R393 ,394
).(ASTM- C221
:
.
) (1
.
-5 )( :
- 200 -
- 201 -
1-5:
).(BS-8154
2-5
.
3-5
1-3-5
) (1.3
.
2-3-5 ) (300
) (15 ) (200
.
4-5
.
5-5
5-5
- 201 -
- 202 -
) (4-5
.
-6 ) (PVC:
1-6
) (PVC
) (BS- 4203
.
2-6
) (PVC
.
3-6
.
4-6
1 -4-6
) (1.3
.
2-4-6 3-5
) (300 ) (155
.
5-6
- 202 -
- 203 -
6-6
)(Retention of Profile
) (Falling Weight Test
) (Loading Resistance ) (Light transmission
).(BS- 4203
7-6
6-5 .
-7 :
1-7
) (
0.25 .
2-7
3-7
0.25 .
- 203 -
- 204 -
- 204 -
- 205 -
-1
.
-2
1-2
) ( :
.
1-1-2 :
) : :(
)(.
)) (3:1:(
) (1
- 205 -
- 206 -
. 6:1:1
.
2-1-2 :
.
.
)(1
/
5.00
100
2.360
100-90
100
1.180
100-70
100-90
0.600
80-40
100-55
0.300
50-40
50-
0.150
40-
10 -
.
2-2
:
- 206 -
- 207 -
.
.
1-2-2 :
o
):(
)( .
1:1
.
2-2-2 :
. .
.
3-2
1-3-2 )(:
o
.
- 207 -
- 208 -
. .
.
o
.
.
1-1-3-2
-
) (
.
-
): (SPLIT TILE
.
- ):(QUARRY TILE
.
-
) (:
.
-
) ( :
.
2-1-3-2
:
- 208 -
- 209 -
) (1-1-3-2
).(2
)(2
) (%
)(1
)(2
%3
1-2
%3 %6
)(3
2-2
< %10
%6 % 10
3-1-3-2
/1704 1392 /1704 2/1704 3 .4
4-1-3-2
300 ).(3
)(3
1
15.
2
- 209 -
- 210 -
1.
25
.
5-1-3-2
:
) ( ) (500
) (500
) (500
. .
6-1-3-2
/1704/1704 2/1704 3.4
7-1-3-2
) (.
2-3-2:
.
%4
.
3-3-2 :
- 210 -
- 211 -
3
3 12.
1-3-3-2
-
-:
: :
: )( .
)(
) ( .
: )( :
) (5
.
: :
.
: :
)(
.
-
-:
- 211 -
- 212 -
1- .
2- .
3- .
2-3-3-2
22840 -:
-
:
1 2 3
950 14
) (1 650 7
7 .
) (2 650 14
7 .
- :
9 8 1 2 3 14
4.5 7
2 100 7
. 1- 4.5 7
7
.
:
950 . .
- )(
- 212 -
- 213 -
730
14 5
450 14
10.
3-3-3-2:
30-5
.
2840 12 .
.
4-3-3-2:
.
5 .
.
20
.
5-3-3-2:
.
6-3-3-2:
- 213 -
- 214 -
.2840
7-3-3-2:
.2840
4-2
. .
.
1-4-2 :
- :
- :
.
- :
.
- 214 -
- 215 -
- :
) (
.
-
:
) ( . .
:
3-4-2
-
.
- .
- .
3-4-2:
-1 :
- :
1676 ).(4
)(4
/
1800 3600
100
600
900
1200
- 215 -
6
5
- 216 -
9.5
0.5
12.5
0.6
15.0
0.6
- :
) (1676-:
400 300
1676 ) (5
%10 .
)(5
/ /
)(
360
500
650
9.5
13.5
15.0
140
180
220
- :
).(6
)(6
/
48
/
9.5
- 216 -
- 217 -
32
16
12.5
15.0
-2
- :
1676 ).(7
)(7
/
1200
1500
1800
400
900
9.5
12.5
/
6
16
8
0.6
- :
300400 1676
) (8 %10
.
:
.
- :
) (5-3-4-2 ) (6 .
)(8
- 217 -
- 218 -
/ /
8.5
12.5
180
235
125
165
4-4-2:
.
5-4-2:
).(1676
6-4-2
).(1676
5-2 )(:
5
.
.
1-5-2
-1-
.
-2-
.
- 218 -
- 219 -
-3-
) (2
.
-4-
).(3
-5-
) (4
.
2-5-2
1.5 ) (4 3 2 1 3 .5
.
3-5-2
- :
).(1498
- :
15 /
)(10
.
- 219 -
- 220 -
) (.
- :
:
)( :
.
)( :
6-5-2
7-5-2:
) (30
.
8-5-2:
).(1498
6-2 :
- 220 -
- 221 -
1.5
.
1-6-2:
).(717
2-6-2 :
.
3-6-2:
.
4-6-2
3
.
5-6-2
).(717
6-6-2
7-6-2
).(717
8-6-2
.
7-2) ( :
. .
- 221 -
- 222 -
.
1-7-2:
1.7 1.2
) (
.
2-7-2:
-:
-
-
80
3-7-2:
.
4-7-2:
).(ASTM BW,0-635
8-2:
) (.
9-2 )(:
) ( .
10-2 :
) (.
10-2
) (:
- 222 -
- 223 -
1-11-2
2-11-2
).(11
)(11
100 /2
120 /2
10 /2
18 /2
12-2 :
) (.
13-2 :
- ) (Mineral Fiber board
) (Type III (Class 25) 25
) (SS-5-118A
25-13
) (1 .
) (0.2 .
) (ASTM E413
) (ASTM C433
) (ASTM E413
.
) (ASTM E84 25
) (ASTM E84 15
)(BS-476-Part8
) (ASTM E119 .
- 223 -
- 224 -
) (ASTM C523 .
- :
.
20 2.16 / 2
23 1.85 /. 2
- :
4-2
- :
.
-3
1-3 :
.
1-1-3 :
. ) (1 :1
)(
.
- 224 -
- 225 -
10
6 .
)( 3-2
10
.
2-1-3 :
)(
.
.
3 :1
.
3-1-3 :
-
.
- :
.
.
.
- 225 -
- 226 -
.
.
2 .
- :
.
4-1-3 :
-
.
)(
.
-
.
-
-
.
.
5-1-3 :
-
- 226 -
- 227 -
) (
.
.
-
.
2-3 :
1-2-3
) (
) (1:1 )( .
2-2-3
1-2 .
3-2-3
-
15 25-20 .
-
-3-1-3
15 10
.
- 227 -
- 228 -
4-2-3
-:
-
%50
3-2.
- :
.
5-2-3
.
3-3 :
1-3-3
2 :1
.
2-3-3
.
3-3-3
)( .
.
.
)10-6(
.
- 228 -
- 229 -
4-3 :
.
.
1-4-3 :
3-3-2
.
1-1-4-3
-
3 :1
) 4 :1 : (
- ) (
.
-
) (24 .
.
-
: ) (
) (
.
- 229 -
- 230 -
20-6
)(.
-
: 3:1
) ( 4-3 .
.
-
.
-
) (
.
: 3 :1
3-2-3
:
- .
-
.
-
.
3-1-4-3:
- 230 -
- 231 -
-
.
- 2
.
- 3
.
.
- 3
) ( .
) (
.
4-1-4-3:
)3( 10
.
2-4-3 :
- )
( 1-1-4-3 2-1-4-3
.
-
.
-
.
- 231 -
- 232 -
-
.
.
-
.
- 10
10 .
-
.
5-3
-
000
) (7
-
.
2-5-3 :
1-3-5-3 :
- 232 -
- 233 -
.
2-2-5-3
100
250
250
.
3-2-5-3
) ( 40
15 )(
450
.
4-2-5-3
50 38-12
. .
6-3
1-6-3
2-3 1-3
.
2-6-3 )( 12
12
.
- 233 -
- 234 -
3-6-3
.
4-6-3
5-6-3
.
7-2 :
1-7-2
3-2-3 -4-2-3 .
2-7-2
.
.
3-7-3 ) 45-5
(% 87
.
8-3 :
- 234 -
- 235 -
1-8-3 ) (
2-8-3
.
3-8-3
.
.
4-8-3
5-8-3
.
6-8-3
9-3
)( ) (
.
1-9-3
11-2 9-2
.
2-9-3
%1 %3
1 1 .
3-9-3
- 235 -
- 236 -
4-9-3
30-20
4
.
. .
.
)(
.
.
.
5-9-3
500 .
6-9-3
.
7-9-3
.
- 236 -
- 237 -
8-9-3
5
10 3.0 1.5
.
)( :
10-3
.
) (Metal Lath
) (Metal Strips
) (Accoustic Tiles
.
1-10-3
50 .
8
1200
.
.
.
.
- 237 -
- 238 -
2-10-3
):(Metal Lath
1-10-3
38 33838
1200
25 0.89 /
400 .
13-2 .
.24
-3 1-3
2 .
3-10-3
) (ASTM C635
)A525 B633
(ASTM -A165 )729 2989(BS-434
).(BS-1615
) (Solty Spray
) (ASTM-B117
) .(ASTM -D1654
- 238 -
- 239 -
) (
) (ASTM -C635
.
4-10-3
.
.
-4 :
1-4
0.50 .
2-4
- 239 -
- 240 -
0.25 .
3-4 :
1-4 .
4-4 :
0.25 .
5-4
:
0.25 .
6-4
:
0.25 .
7-4
:
0.25 .
- 240 -
- 241 -
- 241 -
- 242 -
-1:
) (
.
-2:
1-2
1-1-2 :
1-1-1-2
)
( )
(
- 242 -
- 243 -
)(
) ( .
2-1-1-2
:
- 4
- 13
- 25
-
.
3-1-1-2 :
).(1
)(1
)(
1-
2-1
5-2
9-5
15-9
25-15
4-1-1-2 :
)
(5 )
(45 )
(1692 ) (1535
.
- 243 -
- 244 -
5-1-1-2 :
.
).(2
6-1-1-2:
1 3
.
7-1-1-2
)( .
)(2
) (
)(
1 150
320
1 200
320
1 250
325
1 300
330
1 400
335
340
1 500
8-1-1-2 :
-
.
-
.
- 244 -
- 245 -
-
.
- .
.
9-1-1-2:
).(1042
10-1-1-2:
-
12 5000
-
5000 .
-1
-3
-4
-2
6
6
6
6
11-1-1-2:
31 .
12-1-1-2:
1042
.
2-1-2
:
- 245 -
- 246 -
1-2-1-2
. :
) (
)(
.
2-2-1-2 :
)
(5 )
(45 ) (1692
) (1535
.
:
3-2-1-2
- )(
.
- ).(3
)(3
1200
322
1250
4-2-1-2
5-2-1-2
325
3.
1 2
.
6-2-1-2
:
- 246 -
- 247 -
7-2-1-2:
1043
.
8-2-1-2:
) (10-1-1-2 .
9-2-1-2:
31 .
10-2-1-2:
) (1043 .
2-2 )(:
.
1-2-2
5 45
\ 12
) (1692 ) (
.1535
2-2-2
).(4
3-2-2 :
- 247 -
- 248 -
3 .
.
4-2-2:
1107 .
)(4
)(
)(
)(
2500
2500
350
2600
2 400
350
2400
2200
350
2800
2800
342
2400
2400
350
2600
2200
350
5-2-2
3
2000 . 2000
2000 .
6-2-2
.1107
7-2-2
1107
- 248 -
- 249 -
.
3-2 :
1-1-2
.
4-2 :
5-2 :
.
)( .
1-5-2
) (1168 .
-1-
2 / 2
) (0.5.
-2-
) (0.5
2-5-2
.
. .
.
- 249 -
- 250 -
3-5-2
:
1.5 2 2.5 3.1 .
: .
:
).(5
4-5-2
1168 ).(5
5-5-2
)(
10000 )
( 20
) ( .
)(
0.5
420 2
.
6-5-2
- 250 -
- 251 -
)(5
)(7
10.5
700
0.2
%11.5
10.5
0.1
-
-
0.5
0.8 .
70.5
- 251 -
- 252
/ 0.4
2 /2
) )1(
0.5
).(1168
7-5-2
1168
.
.
.
6-2 :
- :
).(1-3-2
-:
).(2-3-2
7-2:
- 252 -
- 253 -
1.6 6.7 .
:
1-7-2
- :
1.83 3
. :
40.5 .
.
:
2-7-2
) (BS-810 )(BS-1863
.
:
3-7-2
). (BS-810
:
4-7-2
:
-
450
.
-
1000 .
- 253 -
- 254 -
5-7-2
2-7-2
.
8-2 :
.
.
1-8-2
-
:
0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.1
:
6.0.
:
225 250 300 .
:
:
) (BS-1711 .
3-8-2
:
-
:
- 254 -
- 255 -
5
.
:
150
400 2
4-8-2
). (BS-1711
5-8-2
)0 (2-8-2
9-2 :
) (1-3-2
.
10-2 )(:
.
1-10-2
:
-
- 255 -
- 256 -
2-10-2
) 168 ( 1143
.
3-10-2
/ 1
. 5-1 .
4-10-2:
1143
.
:
:
:
-
5-10-2:
.227
6-10-2:
.1143
7-10-2:
.
- 256 -
- 257 -
11-2 :
1-11-2 .
1-1-11-2:
.
.
2-11-2
:
:
-
100100
150150 -
-
:
200200
200100 -
25 : 20 12 10 8
3.
.%2.5
3-1-11-2:
1627
.
4-1-11-2:
:
- 257 -
- 258 -
:
) (6
.
.
)(6
25 9
50 26
13
100 51
20
500 101
32
501
50
100
3-1-11-2
.
101 300 .
300
)
( .
5-1-11-2:
.1627
6-1-11-2:
- 258 -
- 259 -
1627
) (6 .
101
.1627
2-11-2 :
25 25
.
( .
1-2-11-2:
:
.
:
.
2-2-11-2
:
230 114 64 .
:
3.5 230
2.0 114
1.0 64
- 259 -
- 260 -
3-2-11-2:
3153
.
3-2-11-2
.
.
-
).(7
)(7
24
1000
50
3000-1001
80
28
10000-3001
115
32
10000
200
40
:
- 260 -
- 261 -
1 2 3
)( 1
) (
.
4-2-11-2:
).(3153
5-2-11-2:
) (7 )(
) (.
-3 :
1-3 :
1-1-3 :
200
.
.
% 95 .
2-1-3 )( :
)
))((( .
.
3-1-3
:
- 261 -
- 262 -
.
.
.
4-1-3
100
1 3: 6:
) (
.
5-1-3
-
.
-
.
-
-4:
1-4 ) ( :
1-1-4 ) ( :
- ) (
.
-
.
- 262 -
- 263 -
-
.
- 4 :1
).(5
-
0.5 .
-
)(
.
-
.
-
.
- .
-
10 -5
10 .
.
- .
.
.
2-1-4
:
- 263 -
- 264 -
1-2-1-4 :
-
.
- .
- 1.5
25.
- 300
12 ) (
.
2-2-1-4 :
) (3 .
3-2-1-4 :
-
)(5:1 /
12.
- 1:3 /
). (8
)(8
1 :
71.5 :1
1
2
3
4
5
71.5 :1
1.5 :1
1.5 :1
1.5 :1
21.5 :1
- 264 -
- 265 -
-
- ) ( 40
.
-
-
.
-
.
-
)(
.
.
-
.
- 12 24
.
- 12 18
4 .
- )(60
4 )(80
.
- )(150 -120
12 4
. ) (400
5
2 .
- 265 -
- 266 -
2-4 )(:
.
- %1.5-%1
-
.
-
.
-
.
- .
3-4 :
- .
-
.
-
0.5 .
-
) (3:1 )(
20
30.
- ) (3:1 :
3
.
-
.
-
.
- 266 -
- 267 -
-
)
( .
- .
- .
4-4 :
-
) (3 4-1-3 .
-
.
-
150
) ( 50
.
5 .
-
.
-
) 12 24
.
-
.
- 267 -
- 268 -
.
- .
.
- 24
3 .
-
.
- :
-:
:
.
:
3 7
5 12 .
:
1.5
.
5-4
- ) (
50
.
-
24
18 .
-
.
-
- 268 -
- 269 -
.
-
.
-
-
70 .
-
.
-
7 .
-
.
).(CP 203-P-2
6-4
- .
-
.
400
20
- 269 -
- 270 -
- 18
24 4
.
- .
-
.
-
70.
- .
7-4 :
- )
. 4
5-4 6-4 .
- ) (
15
5-4 6-4
.
-
.
-
.
- )
(
.
- 270 -
- 271 -
8-4 :
-
.
-5 :
1-5 ) (
) (
)
( .
2-5 1-5
3-5 :
) (
.
5-4 :
)(
.
.
5-5 :
.
6-5 :
- 271 -
- 272 -
.
7-5 :
.
- 272 -
- 273 -
-1
:
.
-2:
1-2 :
"
5 % 65"
- 273 -
- 274 -
"
.
1-1-2
942
3-1-2
.
.
4-1-2
46
) (3
.
- 274 -
- 275 -
5-1-2
).(942
6-1-2
.
2-2
)(:
) .(1764
.
1-2-2 :
).(1055
2-2-2 :
5 30 5 60
.
3-2-2
) (1674 .
4-2-2
- .
- 275 -
- 276 -
.
- .
.
5-2-2
46
)(3 .
6-2-2
). (1764
7-2-2
.
3-2 ) ( :
)( )(
.1480
.
1-3-2
2-3-2
- 276 -
- 277 -
3-3-2
)(
1480 )(
% 75
.67
4-3-2
46
) (3 .
5-3-2
). (1480
6-3-2
.
7-3-2
). (1480
4-2 )( :
% 2 20 .
1-4-2
.
2-4-2
1058 40
- 277 -
- 278 -
20
.
3-4-2
) (46
.1058
4-4-2
). (1058
5-4-2 :
.
6-4-2
).(1058
5-2
960 .
1-5-2
.1055
2-5-2
- 278 -
- 279 -
.
3-5-2
960
.
4-5-2:
).(960
-:
.
- :
.
6-5-2 :
960
.
7-5-2
46
)
( ) (3 .
8-5-2
:
- 279 -
- 280 -
).(960
6-2 :
) (
".
1-6-2
.
.
2-6-2:
- :
1057
.
- :
1057
5 85560
.
2-6-2
- :
0 . (%18-12
-:
- 280 -
- 281 -
.
- )( :
) (
.
-:
.
4-6-2:
) (46
)
( ) (3 .
5-6-2:
).(1057
6-6-2:
7-2 :
%100
.
- 281 -
- 282 -
1-7-2 :
.
2-7-2:
1709
.
3-7-2:
-
.
- :
.
4-7-2 :
5-7-2:
46
_)(3
6-7-2:
.1709
- 282 -
- 283 -
7-7-2:
8-2 :
1506 .
1-8-2:
- :
).(1055
-:
.
2-8-2:
1506
.
3-8-2:
- :
.
- 283 -
- 284 -
.
4-8-2:
) (46
) (3 .
5-8-2:
).(1506
6-8-2:
.
9-2 :
.
1-9-2:
.
2-9-2:
1048
.
3-9-2 :
.
- 284 -
- 285 -
4-9-2:
46
) (
) (3 .
5-9-2 :
.1048
6-9-2:
10-2 :
.985
.
1-10-2:
:
- ):(1
- ):(2
2-10-2 :
.
3-10-2:
- 285 -
- 286 -
3-10-2 :
) (2 1
985
.
4-10-2:
46
) (3 .
5-10-2:
).(985
6-10-2:
.
11-2 :
) %75Fe204 (
1415
.
1-11-2:
.
2-11-2 :
.
3-11-2:
- 286 -
- 287 -
871
)(
4-11-2 :
) (6 .
5-11-2:
46
) (
) (3 .
6-11-2:
).(871
7-11-2:
.
12-2 :
.
1-12-2:
- :
.
- :
.
:
- 287 -
- 288 -
24
.
2-12-2:
1056
.% 25
3-12-2 :
.
4-12-2:
46
) (
) (3 .
5-12-2:
.1056
6-12-2:
.1056
13-2 :
.
1-13-2:
- ):(1
- 288 -
- 289 -
)
50/50( .
- ):(2
) ( .
2-13-2 :
.1055
3-13-2:
) 1 (2
877 )
(
.
4-13-2:
-:
.
:
) ( .
5-13-2:
) (46
)(3 .
6-13-2:
877
- 289 -
- 290 -
7-13-2:
.
14-2 :
" .1362
.
1-14-2:
-
-
1-14-2:
1362
.
3-14-2:
46
) (3
.
4-14-2:
.1362
5-14-2:
.
15-2 :
- 290 -
- 291 -
) ( .
.
1-15-2 :
1055 .
2-15-2:
1707
% 40
.
3-15-2:
- :
- :
.
- :
.
- :
7 1.5
4-15-2:
46
) (3
- 291 -
- 292 -
5-15-2:
.1707
5-15-2:
16-2 :
1026
.
1-16-2:
.
2-16-2 :
.
3-16-2:
1026
%17 -%13
.
4-16-2:
46
) (3
.
5-16-2:
- 292 -
- 293 -
.1026
6-16-2:
-:
.
-:
.
5-16-2:
.1026
17-2 :
) (
) (1
.
)(1
5-2
41
52
3
)
(
)
(
)
- 293 -
- 294 -
1-17-2:
) (
2-17-2 :
.
3-17-2:
1047
.
4-17-2 :
.
.
5-17-2:
46
) (3
.
6-17-2:
.1047
7-17-2:
.1047
-3
.
- 294 -
- 295 -
1-3:
)( :
.
)( :
)(:
.
)( :
.
)( :
.
2-3 :
. .
.
. .
.
- 295 -
- 296 -
.
.
)(
.
.
3-3 :
.
.
.
4-3 :
" :
1-4-3
) ( .
2-4-3
. .
.
5-3 :
1-5-3 ) (1-4-3 -:
- ) (.
.
- 296 -
- 297 -
.
.
.
.
.
.
%5
.
- 0 )(:
.
) .(2
) (
.
%5 .
- 297 -
- 298 -
- ) (
2-5-3 2-4-3 :
.
:
= 2
.
) (2 .
.
)(2
2 10-2
3 20-11
4 35-21
5 50-36
- 298 -
- 299 -
6 70-51
7 90-71
8 125-91
9 160-126
10 200-161
50 .
200 50
.
-4 :
1-4 :
-
). (-BS 2992
- .
"
.
.
2-4 :
- .
- .
.
..
- 299 -
- 300 -
- "
.
- .
3-4 :
-
-
.
.
.
.
-
150 300
.
-5 :
1-5
2-5
.
.
3-5
- 300 -
- 301 -
.
.
4-5
.
5-5
.
6-5
7-5
.
8-5
.
.
9-5 .
10-5
) (
.
11-5
.
12-5
.
13-5
.
- 301 -
- 302 -
14-5
) (50 ) (4
.
-6:
1-6 :
.
2-6 :
:
1-2-6 :
:
-
.
-
.
-
.
- .
2-2-6 :
.
- 302 -
- 303 -
3-2-6 :
.
3-6 )( :
1-3-6 :
-
.
- )
(1480
.
-
.
-
.
.
2-3-6 :
- 303 -
- 304 -
- "
".
-
.
-
.
" .
4-6 :
1-4-6 :
-
.
" .
- "
.
2-4-6 :
-
) . ( .
-
".
3-4-6 :
1-4-6 2-4-6
.
5-6 :
- 304 -
- 305 -
-
.
- )
) (1535
) (1057
.
6-6 :
1-6-6 :
- .
.
) ( .
. . .
.
2-6-6:
- .
.
-
".
3-6-6 :
-
.
- 305 -
- 306 -
.
- "
24 .
.
.
4-6-6:
"
24 .
7-6 :
1-7-6 :
.
-
) (
( .
-
- 306 -
- 307 -
-
.
.
- ) (CP 231
.
2-7-6 :
-
)( .
-
.
-
3-7-6 :
- ) (
.
.
.
- ).(CP231
8-6 :
- 307 -
- 308 -
1-8-6
%12
%18 .
2-8-6
) (1058
.
3-8-6
.
1057
) (960 :
-7 :
1-7
2-7
.
3-7 50 0 .
4-7
.
5-7 .
- 308 -
- 309 -
- 309 -
- 310 -
-1:
.
-2:
1-2 :
1-1-2:
- :
".
- :
.
:
{ .
- :
.
.
- :
)
(
.
2-1-2:
1-2-1-2 : )-1-1-2(
- 310 -
- 311 -
-:
-:
-:
). (1
)!(
)(
2
3
4
5
6
0.3
1.5
0.3
1.5
0.3
1.5
0.3
0 2
0.4
2.5
)(
) (
-:
) (1318
) ( .
2-2-1-2 : )) (1-1-2 ( .
-:
3) :4
5 6 8 10 12 15 19 ( .
-:
) (2
). (3
)(2
- 311 -
- 312 -
)(
)(
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
15.0
19.0
0.3
0.6
0.8
-:
) (1318
.
)(3
)(
3 5
10
15
19
12
3-2-1-2 : )-1-1-2(
-:
- 312 -
- 313 -
:
2 4 6
- :
: ). (4
)(4
2.2
4.0
6.0
2
4
6
0.3
0.4
0.5
.
-
).(5
)(5
-:
) (1318
.
3-1-2:
4-1-2:
- 313 -
- 314 -
). (1318
5-1-2:
)
( .
4-2-1-2 :
)-1-1-2(
.
-:
-:
2 3 4 5 6 .
5.
-
1- -1- .
2- .
: 5.0 0.3
-
2 .
2-2 :
.
1-2-2 :
- :
- 314 -
- 315 -
0.4
0.3 "
1 .
- :
3 1.0 2
.
.
2-2-2:
1608 :
- : %1 .
- : .
: .
- : .
: %9 2_+
.
- :
.1608
3-2-2:
- .
) (6 .
- -:
- 315 -
- 316 -
1 .... 3 2
)(
.
)(6
12 100
19
30
45
70
-101
300
-301
500
-501
1000
5
5
8
8
13
13
20
20
32
32
5
10
8
16
13
26
20
40
32
64
3
1
4
2
6
3
8
2
2
3
4
4
5
5
7
3
9
-1001
4-2-2:
).(1608
5-2-2:
) (
.
- 316 -
- 317 -
- :
.
) (6
) (6 .
.
- : :
) (6
) (6 .
3-2 :
.
1-3-2 :
) (1318 _ :
2 )(
3 0.5
-0.54 1
- 317 -
- 318 -
2-3-2:
-
- 5 6 / 2
).(1137
-
).(1137
-
.
3-3-2:
-:
.
- :
.
4-3-2:
.
1137
).(7
)(7
)(1
- 318 -
- 319 -
)(2
100
-101
300
-301
500
-501
1000
)(3
8
8
13
13
20
20
32
32
50
50
)(4
8
16
13
26
20
40
32
46
50
100
)(5
1000
)(6
2
)(7
)(8
2
5-3-2:
). (1137
6-3-2:
1-6-3-2 )(2) (3 )(7
-2-3-2 .
.
) (5 ) (7
) (6 ).(7
2-6-3-2
)(5) (6 ) (3 ).(7
- 319 -
- 320 -
( ) (7 ) (7
.
3-6-3-2
) (8
) (7 ) (2-6-3-2
2-3 -2
.
2-6-3-2 -3-2
.3-6
4-2 :
) (8 )( )(3-
0 1 .
)(8
298
197
146
298
197
289
197
146
95
95
98
98
98
98
98
2-4-2:
- 320 -
- 321 -
11307:
- :
5_+160 /.3
- :
:
5 / .
080.2 150
060.4 65
040.8
0.3 04 65-
5-2
477
300.
1-5-2:
.
2-5-2:
4777
.
3-5-2:
.
4-5-2:
- 321 -
- 322 -
5-5-2:
.477
7-17-2:
.477
-3:
1-3 :
1-1-3 :
.
).(CP 152
1-1-3 :
-
.
-
"
.
-
10 2
.
-
1
- 322 -
- 323 -
2-1-1-3 :
- .
-
.
.
3-1-1-3 :
- 00.5 2
.
.
.
2-1-3 :
) (PVC
.
2-3 :
-
.
- 1-3
.
"
" .
- 323 -
- 324 -
) (Metal Foil
.
3-3 :
1-3-3 ) 4:1 :(
) (6 :1 :1 12-8
)( .
2-3-3
.
3-3-3 "
"
).(10
)(10
5 7
)(
6
1.53
)(
)( 2
4-3-3:
4
- 324 -
- 325 -
.
5-3-3 :
"
" .
-4 :
1-4
.
2-4 .
5-4 "
.
6-4
.
7-4 .
- 325 -
- 326 -
-1
.
-2:
1-2:
- 326 -
- 327 -
) (Hard Wood
1-1-2 :
-:
-
_ )
750 .
3-1-2 :
) (1
)(1
1:8
10 :1
4-1-2 :
-:
- 327 -
- 328 -
) (2
".
- :
) (3 1.5
".
:
"
)(2
6
25
) (100-50
100
) (50
40
) (60-40
) (21
) (150-60
150
) (50
) (50-25
- 328 -
) (30
- 329 -
45
) (100-60
100
) (50
) (60-45
) (30
)(3
)(
300
300
)(
0.3
1.5
)(
- (Sap Wood):
"
.
:
"
.
5-1-3 :
-
.
- 6
.
" .
- .
.
- 329 -
- 330 -
-
".
6-1-2 :
).(4
)(4
)(%
15
13
19
17
2-2 :
0 1
.
1-2-2 :
- ) (
800 / 3
- ".
- 330 -
- 331 -
- ) ( .
960 / 3 ) ( ) ( .
) (
350 / 3 650 / 3
) ( ) ( .
- ) (
600 / 3 800 /
) ( ) ( .
) (
600 / 3 )( ) (
- ) (
350 /3
050.5 / .( .
- ) (
/
400 / 3
050.5 / . )( )( .
2-2-2 :
- :
).(5
)(5
- 331 -
- 332 -
)(
) (
1 > 3.2
0.4_+
3.2 > 46
0.5_+
14 > 6
7 _ + 0
4 6 > 9
0.6_+
9 > 13
7 _ + 0
> 13
0 _ + 1
19
0.2_+
0+ 2 1000
) (
> 19
0.3 _+
13
7 _ + 0
) (
> 13
0 _ + 1
5.0_+
10
5.0_+
-:
% 120.5 .
:
- 332 -
- 333 -
2 " 1000.
3-2-2:
).(717
4-2-2:
).(2964
5-2-2:
).(717
6-2-2:
). (717
7-2-2 :
-:
.
.
-:
.
:
- 333 -
- 334 -
.
-
.
.
) (Beech Veneer
).(ISO 2430
- ) (Poplar Veneer
).(ISO 2430
- 334 -
- 335 -
.
2-3-2:
- )( "
.
- ) (3.5"
) (5.
.
-
" " .
)4 (1
.
.
-
.
3-3-2:
- :
.
- " ).(6
)(6
- 335 -
- 336 -
/
/
/
/
4-3-2:
- "
.
-
.
".
5-3-2:
) (8
).(7
)(7
3
6
9
6-3-2:
- 336 -
- 337 -
) (150" ) (200 )(100
.
)(8
/3 /6
) (30
) (15
) (60
) (15
) (50
"
) (300
) (25
) (1
:
" "
"
) (3
) (5
- 337 -
- 338 -
) (400
) (500
)) (8(
) (2
/2
100
"
)(1.5
)(1.5
) (50
) (1.5
) (8
- 338 -
- 339 -
)(20
"
"
) (1 ) (4
"
) (300
) (100
) (12
) (22
"
"
) (8
- 339 -
- 340 -
) (1000
"
"
"
) (5
"
)/4( 2
) (4
) (5 ) (5
25 8 "
" " .
- 340 -
- 341 -
) (Lamin Board
7
" " .
.
2-4-2:
- - -:
- " ).(6
3-4-2:
- "
"
.
- )7 (2
)6 (3.
) (1.5
)6 (3 ) (2.5
) (5.
-
.
)) (2-3-2 ( .
- 341 -
- 342 -
4-4-2:
4-3-2 .
5-4-2:
5-3-2 .
6-4-2:
6-3-2 .
5-2 Melamine Panel (MCP) :
) (BS-/3794
) (ASTM-D704 ) Play
(wood ) (Chipboard ).(Block Board
1-5-2:
) (9
.
)(9
4421.22
25+
5 9
4451.22
25+
712
6651.23
25+
6651.23
25+
915
1.19
2-5-2:
:
-:
3 2.5 /.
- :
- 342 -
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
- 343 -
) (BS-/3794
) (400.
:
)BS-
(/3791 ) (Blistering
.
- :
) (Gardener
400 600.
(Stain Resistanc ):
)BS-
(/3794 .
- :
)BS-
(/3794
).(5
- :
) (BS-/3794
) (Dimensional Ghange %0.5 ) (
%0.9 .
- :
) (BS-/3794
) (Straight Edge %0.4
%0.5 .
- :
- 343 -
- 344 -
)(ASTM/D1036
420 / 2.
- :
)(ASTM/D1036
17 / 2 .
- :
) (BS-/3794
30.5 /. 2
- :
) (BS-/3794
%10
- Thickness Swell :
) (BS-/3794
.%5
- :
)(ASTM/D1036
) (4.8mm 31.5 "
.
- :
) (ASTM/E84
) (10 .
)(10
- 344 -
- 345 -
105-95
110-59
180-155
10-5
10-5
75-5
5-2
1-5-2:
) (BS- 1210
.
2-5-2:
)(BS- 1210
.
6-2 :
1-6-2 Hinges
- ) (
) (BS- 1277 .
-
.
2-6-2 :
-
- 345 -
- 346 -
-
.
7-2 :
1-7-2
OS)) Organic Solvent Type )Water Borne Type (WB )Tar Oil Type (TO 2-7-2:
%20
.
-
"
).(-BS 1282
2-7-2 :
- .
- %30 .
.
-
.
- 346 -
- 347 -
) (-BS 913 75.
4-7-2 :
- :
-1 :
80 90
"
.
-2 :
) (WB ) .(OS
80 90
.
- :
.
:
.
.
- 347 -
- 348 -
- :
.
8-2 :
1-8-2 :
.239/
2-8-2 :
:
- WAP
Weather Proof and Boil-Proof - )(BR
Boiling Resistance
MR
Moisture Resistance
- .
3-8-2:
- :
) (BS-1204
1.8
2 2 .
- :
)(BS-104
- 348 -
- 349 -
).(11
)(11
) (
1
2
3
0 1
0.9
0 1
41.5
101
301
"
6-1-2 .
- 349 -
- 350 -
-
.
" .
-
.
-
.
- .
2-3 :
-
"
" .
-
".
.
-
.
- 350 -
- 351 -
- 351 -
- 352 -
-1:
.
-2 :
1-2
.
1-1-2 :
:
-
2-1-2
- )(
- 352 -
- 353 -
.
-
" )
( .
.
- )( 1260
"
.
.
- ) (Knee Braces ) (Spreaders
.
" .
-
.
- 353 -
- 354 -
.
2-1-2 :
- )( :
)( )(
.
.
- )( :
.261
-
.
-
.
"
-:
-1 :
50-30
600-500
.
.
- 354 -
- 355 -
-2 :
.
-3:
)500(
" " .
- )(:
) (120-100
.
3-1-2 :
1-3-1-2 :
:
- .
- .
- .
1-3-1-2 :
.
500.
- 355 -
- 356 -
2-2 :
) (
"
"
)( .
.
-3 :
1-3 )(:
-
.
- .
.
-
.5 180
2-3:
.
3-3 )( :
1-3-3:
)(
.
- 356 -
- 357 -
2-3-3:
.
3-3-3 :
.
-4:
1-4 :
-
-
-
2-4:
:
-:
"
.
-:
.
:
) (
) (477
.
- 357 -
- 358 -
-
.
).(1188
- .
-
3-4 :
.
.
4-4 :
1-4-4 :
) (Mild Steel
.
.
)(T) (Z )>(
.
2-4-4 :
.
51.83 173.5
173.5 763 4 .
5-4 :
- 358 -
- 359 -
- .
- .
.
- .
.
- ).(Folding
-
.
6-4 :
)(
.
.
-5 ) ( :
1-5
.
2-5 0.3
0.5 .
3-5 .
4-5 3 100
.
5-5
.
6-5 "
- 359 -
- 360 -
.
7-5
.
8-5
.
9-5
.
10-5 6
500 .
-6 :
1-6
).(ASTM B209
2-6
) (BS-1615
.
3-6
.
4-6
.
5-6 6 500
.
-7 :
- 360 -
- 361 -
1-7
.
2-7 ( ) (
.
3-7
.
-4
/ /
.1987
-5
/ - -
- 1985.
-6
- 1984 :.
-7
/
.1983/
-8
/
:1985 .
- 361 -
- 362 -
-9
/
/.
-10
/
.1991
-11
-12
).(BS-I
-13
).(DIN
-14
).(ASTM
- 362 -