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Tr/z',DIGIT

DIGITAT

MT]ITIII{ETER

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TEST INSTRUMENT SAFETY


WARNING Normal use of this instrument exposesyou to a certain amount of danger from electrical shock because it is often used to measure high voltage, or to make other -"iu.".n"nts in equipment that contains high voltage. An electrical shock causing l0 milliamps of current to pass thiough the heart wiil stop most human heartbeats. Voltage as lo* as 35 volts dc or ac rms should be co-nsidered dangerous and hazardous since it can produce a lethal current under certain conditions. Higher voltage poses an even greater threat because it can more easily produce a lethal current. Your normal work habits should include all accepted practices that wilfprevent contact with exporyd high voltage, and that will steer current away from your heart in case of accidental contact yilh " high voltage. You will significantly reduce the riik factor if you know and observe the following safety precautions : l. Don't expgie high voltage needlessly. Remove housings and covers only when necssary. Turn off equipment while making test connections in high voltage circuits. Discharge high voltages capacitors after removing power. If possible, familiarize yourself with the equipment being tested and the location of its high voltage points. However, remember that high voltage may appear at unexpected points in defective equipment. Use an insulated floor material or a large, insulated floor mat to stand on, and an insulated work surface on which to place equipment; and make certain such surfaces are not damp or wet. Where insulated floor surface is not available, wear heavy gloves. Use the time-proven "one hand in the pocket" technique while handling an instrument probe. Be particularly careful to avoid contacting a nearby metal obiject that could provide a ground return path.

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