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Observation The candle flame goes off The water level in the gas jar increase to the second mark of the gas jar Conclusion The percentage of oxygen in the air is approximately 20%
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Observation Glass slide A : The sticky surface of adhesive tape is free from dust Glass slide B : The sticky surface of adhesive tape is covered with fine, black particles Glass slide C : The sticky surface of adhesive tape is covered with a lot of black particles Conclusion Air contains dust BM Version Previous Forward Menu Exit
Petri dish
Observation After three days, white circular patches (colonies of microorganisms) appear on the surface of the nutrient jar Petri dish Nutrient agar Conclusion Air contains microorganisms
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Nutrient jar
Colony of microorganisms
No effect
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Extinguishes Relights glowing glowing splinter; splinter; support does not support combustion combustion Burning splinter Extinguishes burns more burning splinter; brightly; does not support supports combustion combustion
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No effect; neutral
No effect
Moist blue litmus paper changes to red; acidic The indicator changes from red to yellow; acidic
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Level of water Reaction with remains; Not sodium soluble in sodium hydroxide hydroxide Solubility in Level of solution alkaline increases; Very pyrogallol soluble in alkaline solution pyrogallol solution
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Level of water increases; Very soluble in sodium hydroxide Level of water remains; Not soluble in alkaline pyrogallol solution
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in during respiration
Nitrogen
Oxygen
78
21
78
21
Carbon dioxide
Inert gases
0.03
0.97
4
0.97
Water vapour
Lesser
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More
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Glass tube
C
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Germinating seeds
x x x x x
is a process of burning substances that give off heat and light Conditions for combustion are oxygen, heat and fuel The three conditions for combustion
en Ox yg
Heat
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el Fu
Motor vehicles
Industrial activities
Aerosol spray
Construction activities
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Burning of rubbish
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Greenhouse gases : Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbon Causes warming of the lower atmosphere and surface of Earth Effects : Changes in climate, rate of photosynthesis decreases, melting of ice in the North and South Poles, sea-level rises and causes floods
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The end
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Lilin menyala
Aras air
Balang gas
Pemerhatian Nyalaan api lilin terpadam Aras air dalam balang gas meningkat pada tanda aras kedua balang gas Kesimpulan Peratusan oksigen dalam udara menghampiri 20%
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Tabung didih
Ais Air
Q (kawalan)
Ais P
Q (kawalan) Pemerhatian Titisan air terbentuk pada permukaan luar tabung didih Titisan air menukarkan kertas kobalt klorida kering daripada warna biru kepada warna merah jambu Kesimpulan Udara mengandungi wap air
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Titisan air
A B (Tempat menutup mangkuk (Diletakkan di atas meja petri) di dalam makmal) Pemerhatian
Slaid kaca A : Permukaan yang melekit pita pelekat bebas daripada habuk Slaid kaca B : Permukaan yang melekit pita pelekat ditutupi dengan zarah-zarah halus yang berwarna hitam Slaid kaca C : Permukaan yang melekat pita pelekat ditutupi dengan zarah-zarah hitam Kesimpulan Versi BI Udara mengandungi habuk Keluar
Mangkuk petri
A
Agar nutrien
Pemerhatian Selepas tiga hari, tompokan keliling putih (koloni mikroorganisma) kelihatan pada permukaan agar nutrien Mangkuk petri Agar nutrien Kesimpulan Udara mengandungi mikroorganisma Koloni mikroorganisma
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Aras air meningkat; larut dalam air Air kapur menjadi keruh
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Kayu uji berbara Kesan ke atas menyala; kayu uji berbara menyokong pembakaran Pembakaran Kesan ke atas kayu uji semakin pembakaran terang; kayu uji menyokong pembakaran
Kayu uji berbara padam; tidak menyokong pembakaran Pembakaran kayu uji terpadam; tidak menyokong pembakaran
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Tiada kesan
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x x x x x
en Ox yg
Heat
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el Fu
Hasil pembakaran
Pembakaran karbon Menghasilkan karbon dioksida, haba dan cahaya Contoh : Karbon + Haba + Cahaya Arang kayu + Oksigen dioksida Pembakaran hidrokarbon Menghasilkan karbon dioksida, air, haba dan cahaya Contoh : Karbon Kerosin + Oksigen + Air + Haba + Cahaya dioksida
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Kenderaan bermotor
Semburan aerosol
Aktiviti industri
Aktiviti pembinaan
Pembakaran sampah
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Lapisan ozon
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tamat