Chemicals & Human Health Lung Toxicology Problem Set: Student Sheet Directions

A. Ans er the !re"#uestions. $. %o to the ebsite .biology.ari&ona.edu'chh and clic( on the lin( to the Lung

Toxicology Problem Set.

C. )rite the correct ans er in the column labeled Correct Ans er. All o* the ans ers

can be *ound in the Lung Toxicology Problem Set.

D. +x!lain the correct ans er.

Pre",uestions
-circle the ans er you thin( is correct.

Correct Ans er
- rite the letter o* the correct ans er *rom the ebsite.

+x!lain
-ex!lain the correct ans er.

)hich o* the *ollo ing is /0T *ound in the human lung1 A. bronchiole $. trachea C. bronchi D. al2eoli

Dra a !icture and label the !arts o* the lung:

)hich o* the *ollo ing is the smallest !art o* the lung here gas exchange occurs1 A. bronchiole $. trachea C. bronchi D. al2eoli )hich o* the *ollo ing al2eolar cell ty!es clean !articles de!osited in the lungs1 A. macro!hages $. e!ithelium ty!e 5 C. e!ithelium ty!e 55 D. *ibroblasts +. ca!illaries

A!!roximately ho many are there in the human body: 344 million

Dra a !icture that includes all o* the cell ty!es and label:

0ne o* the !rimary *unctions o* the al2eoli is to create a large sur*ace area in the lungs. )hy is a large sur*ace are so im!ortant1

+x!lain:

D A. *or energy storage $. to remo2e toxins *rom the blood C. to store oxygen *or *uture use D. *or gas exchange +. *or the (rebs cycle )hen do the al2eoli de2elo! in lungs in humans1 A. during the *irst 8"9 years o* li*e $. in the 8"6th ee( o* !regnancy C. bet een 3 and 6 years o* age D. during the last 7 ee(s o* !regnancy +. continually throughout a !erson:s li*etime

Larger sur*ace area hel!s ith gas exchange allo ing *aster trans!ort o* air

Describe the stages o* lung de2elo!ment: 4"6 ee(s" trachea; bronchi are *orming 6"87 ee(s" bronchi branch di2ide 87"97 ee(" lung cells di**erentiate 97 ee( to birth" Air ays ex!and 8"9 years old" al2eoli *orm <$onus ,uestion: Ho do you thin( second" hand smo(e may a**ect a child1 +x!lain The lungs may be destroyed since the lungs are smaller Ho is that attributed to the most deaths1 Stro(e; heart disease; lung cancer; em!hysema; and other diseases'cancer

)hich o* the *ollo ing causes the most deaths in the =S1 A. A5DS $. motor 2ehicles C. homicide D. smo(ing +. alcohol )hich statement do you agree ith1 A. +n2ironmental tobacco smo(e -+TS.; also (no n as second"hand smo(e; has L+SS toxic com!ounds than directly inhaled tobacco smo(e. $. +n2ironmental tobacco smo(e -+TS.; also (no n as second"hand smo(e; has >0?+ toxic com!ounds than directly inhaled tobacco smo(e.

+x!lain hy. >ost toxic com!ounds ha2e been burned a*ter being smo(ed

About ho many toxic com!ounds are in cigarette smo(e1 44 toxic com!ounds

7

)hat is P>841 A. the number o* !ac(s !er day that cause lung cancer in 84A o* the !o!ulation $. !articles hich are small enough to be de!osited in the lungs C. a measure o* the amount o* !ollen in a certain 2olume o* air D. a measure o* the se2erity o* an asthma attac( 0xidants are one toxic com!onent o* cigarette smo(e. )hy are they dangerous1 A. They bloc( sur*actant secretion so that al2eoli colla!se. $. They bloc( the oxygen carrying ca!acity o* hemoglobin. C. They cause cilia to #uit beating so lungs get clogged ith !articles. D. They can damage the D/A o* lung cells much li(e the sun damages s(in cells. Asthma is caused by decreased air*lo in and out o* the lungs due to:

Ho does this hurt the lungs1 Tissue damage; and can cause damage through irritation

)hat disease can be the end result o* this damage1 A end result could be cancer

>uscle s!ams; chronic bronchitis; and exess mucus

List three res!onses in the lung that cause asthma.

A. small abnormalities in $. re2ersible bronchial s!asms C. destruction o* al2eolar

alls D. allergic reaction in lung tissues air ays

)hat is a Btrigger1C List 9 exam!les. Allergens or exercise can be a trigger