:

: Block Valve Control Valve On-Off Valve Safety

Valve

:
.
:
-
- Throttling

-
-
-
.
:
Actuator

Packing
Bonnet
Stem

Body

Bonnet

)Trim (Disk, Seat, Stem, internal elements

Actuator

Packing

Body
Disk
Seat

: Body
.
: Bonnet .
.
: Trim Disk, Seat, Stem & Sleeves .
: Actuator .
.
: Packing Stem Bonnet

. .
:
7-Diaphragm

1- Gate

8- Pinch

2- Globe

9- Check

3- Plug

10-Safety/Relief

4- Ball

11-Reducing

5-Needle
6- Butterfly

Gate Valve:

Stem

Hand wheel

Packing
Bonnet

Seat

Disk

.
Throttle .

Globe Valve:

Hand wheel
Stem

Packing
Bonnet

Disk
Seat
Z-type

. gate

valve .

seat
packing . Z
Y .

Angle Valve

Y-type

Ball Valve :

.



.
) (Globe Valve .

.

Plug Valve :

.


.
.
Multiport .

Diaphragm Valve :

Straight Through Diaphragm Valve

Weir Diaphragm Valve

. Weir-Type .
Slurry
. .

Butterfly Valve :

) (
.

.


.
Slurry .
.

Needle Valve:

.
stem

.
seat

.

Check Valve

Piston Type

)Lift check valves(Disk

)Lift check valves(Ball

Swing check valve

Butterfly check valves

Tilting disk check valve

Stop check valve
Globe

Lift check valve .

stem disk
.

stem disk disk
seat stem .

.
Swing, Lift, Piston,Tilting-disk,Butterfly,Stop .
.
)
Butterfly (.

Globe Valve

Gate Valve

On-Off Valve

Ball on-off valve

Butterfly on-off valve

on-off .
DCS . on-off
Logic Ball . Butterfly
. Slide
.
.
) (Fail Close (Fail

) Open.

Control Valve

... .
Throttling
Hand Wheel Actuator .
Globe
. Needle Butterfly .

:
: I/P Positioner - I to P
4~20mA ) 0.2~1barg
( 0.4~2barg Actuator ) (0~100%
.
: Actuator -
. ) Direct-Acting
( Fail open ) Reverse-Acting ( Fail close
.
: Valve Body - .
- - .
:

: - Sliding Stem

Actuator : - Reverse-Acting

: - Globe

I/P Positioner Type 3767 Samsom Co. : -

Characteristics Control Valve Flow

.
Equal percentage, Linear, Quick opening -
.

: -
-

:Quick opening .
Safety
Valve.

: Linear .
.

:EQ% % %
. % .
)
( .
.

.
Liquid Level Systems
Best Inherent
Characteristic

Control Valve Pressure Drop

Constant P

Linear

Decreasing P with Increasing Load, P at Maximum Load > 20%

of Minimum Load P

Linear

Decreasing P with Increasing Load, P at Maximum Load < 20%

of Minimum Load P

Equal Percentage

Increasing P with Increasing Load, P at Maximum Load < 200%

of Minimum Load P

Linear

Increasing P with Increasing Load, P at Maximum Load > 200%

of Minimum Load P

Quick Opening

Flow Control Processes

FLOW MEASURE
MENT SIGNAL TO
CONTROLLER

Proportional To
Flow
Proportional To
Flow Squared

LOCATION OF
CONTROL VALVE IN
RELATION TO
MEASURING
ELEMENT

BEST INHERENT CHARACTERISTIC

Wide Range of
Flow Set Point

Small Range of Flow but

Large P Change at Valve
with Increasing Load

In Series

Linear

Equal Percentage

In Bypass(1)

Linear

Equal Percentage

In Series

Linear

Equal Percentage

In Bypass(1)

Equal
Percentage

Equal Percentage

1. When control valve closes, flow rate increases in measuring element.

Valve sizing coefficient (Cv)

1psi 60 oF U.S gallons/min : Cv

.

Eng. Unit

P
S
Q[=] gpm , P[=] psi
Q = yCv

, S : Specific Gravity ,

y = 0 ~ 1(opening fraction)

SI Unit
Q = yK v
Q[=]

m3
h

P
S
, P[=]bar

, S : Specific Gravity ,

y = 0 ~ 1(opening fraction)

K v = 0.865Cv

: Cv 50% 10000 kg/h

30 oC 40 barg 500 kg/m3

2 bar .
:
10000
Q
500 = 20
= Kv
=
P
2
y
0.5
S
0.5
Kv
= Cv
= 23.12
0.865

) y ( .
.
Choking

Pmax

P Pmax Choking .
.
.

Pmax = FL2 (P1 FF Pv )
FF = 0.96 0.28

Pv
Pc

FL : Rated liquid pressure recovery,dimensionless 0.8 ~ 0.93 for globe valve

Pv : Vapor pressure absolute of liquid at inlet temperature
Pc : Absolute thermodynamic critical pressure
:

Pv = 13.26 bara
Pc = 46.12 bara
13.26
= 0.81
46.12
= 0.92 (41 0.81 13.26) = 24.5 bar

FF = 0.96 0.28
Pmax