Fe

Fe
-
-
Fe
Fe
3
3
C Equilibrium Phase
C Equilibrium Phase
Diagram
Diagram
Panya Buahombura
School of Metallurgical Engineering
Suranaree University of Technology
1
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Allotropic Transformation in Iron
Allotropic Transformation in Iron
(Fe)
(Fe)
2
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
760 760
o o
C C
910 910
o o
C C
1400 1400
o o
C C
1536 1536
o o
C C
a:vn:a:ae+.vau.vaa+slu a:vn:a:ae+.vau.vaa+slu ( (Fe Fe Fe Fe
s s
C equilibrium diagram C equilibrium diagram, ,
(Materials Science and Metallurgy, 4 (Materials Science and Metallurgy, 4
th th
edition, Pollack, Prentice edition, Pollack, Prentice- -Hall, 1988.) Hall, 1988.) 3
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Iron
Iron
-
-
Carbon Alloy System
Carbon Alloy System
4
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Fe-Fe
3
C Phase Diagram
-
-
Not a true equilibrium diagram
Not a true equilibrium diagram
-
-
Fe
Fe
3 3
C is meta
C is meta
-
-
stable phase (meta
stable phase (meta
-
-
stable condition)
stable condition)
-
-
Fe
Fe
3 3
C will decompose into Fe and C (graphite) but
C will decompose into Fe and C (graphite) but
take very long time
take very long time
-
-
Fe
Fe
-
-
Fe
Fe
3 3
C diagram consider as representing the
C diagram consider as representing the
equilibrium diagram
equilibrium diagram

-
-
Ferrite
Ferrite
Interstitial solid solution ..+
:+.:
+.:+.+a!.v..a. a
0.025% a.. 723 C a+.+a+.
.+ 0.008% a...
Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)
crystal structure
Tensile strength: 28 kg/mm
2
Elongation: 40%
5
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT

-
-
Ferrite
Ferrite
Microstructure of Ferrite
Magnification: 100x
6
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT

-
-
Ferrite
Ferrite
Interstitial solid solution .
.+:+.:
+.:+.+a! -Ferrite a
.a 0.10% a. . 1495 C
Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)
crystal structure
Stable at high temperature
7
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT

(Austenite)
(Austenite)
Interstitial solid solution ..+
:+.:
+.:+.+a!..a
.a 2.0% a.. 1148 C
Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
crystal structure
Not stable at room temperature
8
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT

(Austenite)
(Austenite)
9
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Microstructure of Austenite
Magnification: 500x
Fe
Fe
3
3
C (Cementite)
C (Cementite)
Iron carbide Fe
3
C
Intermetallic compound
6.67 %C
Orthorhombic crystal structure
Hard and brittle
Stable at room temperature
10
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Pearlite (Eutectoid mixture)
Pearlite (Eutectoid mixture)
...:.: eutectoid + (0.80 %C)
....r (0.025 %C) : Fe
3
C (6.67
%C) a.. 723 C
Lamellar mixture of ferrite and Fe
3
C
Tensile strength: 80 kg/mm
2
Elongation: 20%
11
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Pearlite (Eutectoid mixture)
Pearlite (Eutectoid mixture)
12
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Microstructure of Pearlite
2500X 17000X
Ledeburite (Eutectic mixture)
Ledeburite (Eutectic mixture)
...:.: eutectic + Liquid
(4.3 %C) ....r (2.0 %C) :
Fe
3
C (6.67 %C) a.. 1148 C
Eutectic mixture of and Fe
3
C
Not stable at room temperature
13
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
v.a!a+...a+.+:+.:
Reaction in FeFe

C Phase Diagram
14
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Liquid (0.50%C) + (0.10%C) (0.18%C)
Liquid (4.30%C) (2.00%C) + Fe
3
C (6.67%C)
(0.80%C) (0.025%C) + Fe
3
C (6.67%C)
Peritectic Reaction (at 1495 C)
Eutectic Reaction (at 1148 C)
Eutectoid Reaction (at 723 C)
15
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Steel (%Carbon
Steel (%Carbon

2.0%)
2.0%)
Eutectoid Steel
(0.8 %C)
Hypo-eutectoid steel
(< 0.8 %C)
Hyper-eutectoid steel
(0.8% < %C 2.0%)
16
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Cast Iron (%Carbon > 2.0%)
Cast Iron (%Carbon > 2.0%)
Hypo-eutectic cast iron
(2.0% < %C < 4.3%)
Hyper-eutectic cast iron
(4.3% < %C < 6.67%)
17
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
+......+++.:
Structures of Carbon Steel
18
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Eutectoid Steel
Eutectoid Steel
Fe
3
C
Ferrite
.v.+++.:. C = 0.80%
+.... Pearlite 100%
19
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Hypo
Hypo
-
-
eutectoid Steel
eutectoid Steel
Ferrite
Pearlite
.v.+++.:. C < 0.80%
+.... Ferrite + Pearlite
20
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Hypo
Hypo
-
-
eutectoid Steel
eutectoid Steel
.v.+++.:. C < 0.80%
21
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Proeutectoid
Eutectoid
Hyper
Hyper
-
-
eutectoid Steel
eutectoid Steel
Pearlite
Fe
3
C
.v.+++.:. C > 0.80% a. 2.0%
+.... Pearlite + Fe
3
C
22
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Hyper
Hyper
-
-
eutectoid Steel
eutectoid Steel
.v.+++.:. C > 0.80% a. 2.0%
23
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Proeutectic Fe
3
C
Eutectic Fe
3
C
Proeutectoid Fe
3
C
Eutectoid Fe
3
C
Tertiary Fe
3
C
+a.:...+++.:
Properties of Carbon Steel
24
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
C > 0.8% .a Fe
3
C a.a..v..
!+a..-...v network ..
:... pearlite .++!+...
.a..a.+a.+. . elongation a
!..a:.a.a.- a. +..a .a.+..u.
...v..a. Fe
3
C .u..
C 0.8% ..v..a+.:
.u...!.+++.:.
+...a..a.a+.+..a . .
...v..a pearlite !+....
.u.. a. elongation .+a.+.
25
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
AISI
AISI

SAE Steel Specification

SAE Steel Specification
26
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
Series Steel Type
10xx Plain carbon steel
11xx Plain carbon steel (high S, low P)
12xx Plain carbon steel (high S, high P)
13xx Mn-Steel (Mn 1.75%)
23xx Ni-Steel (Ni 3.00%)
25xx Ni-Steel (Ni 5.00%)
31xx Ni-Cr Steel (Ni 1.25%, Cr 0.60%)
33xx Ni-Cr Steel (Ni 3.50%, Cr 1.50%)
. (See in Table 7.3 and 7.4, P. 244-
247)
AISI
AISI

SAE Steel Specification

SAE Steel Specification
27
School of Metallurgical Engineering,
SUT
10xx
10xx
Steel type %Alloying element
Carbon content/100
2520
2520
Ni-Steel 5.00 %Ni
20/100 = 0.2 %C
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute)
SAE (Society of Automotive Engineering) SAE (Society of Automotive Engineering)
JIS JIS Japanese Standard Japanese Standard
DIN DIN German Standard German Standard
TIS TIS Thai Standard Thai Standard