Binary System

Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords

Common terms might describe file size or
memory size:
Bit: smallest unit of information
Byte: a grouping of eight bits of
information
K: (kilobyte); 1024 bytes equals 1K of
storage.
 Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords

MB: (megabyte); about 1 million bytes of

information
GB: (gigabyte); about 1 billion bytes of
information
TB: (terabyte); about 1 million megabytes
of information
 Decimal System

• Numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, ...
• Use 10 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
• We know that 5304 =
5*103+3*102+0*101+4*100
• Base 10
 Binary System
• BINARY numbers:
0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, 1001,
1010, 1011, ....
• Written with only 2 digits: "0" and "1"
• In the same way as for decimal, 1011 (binary) =
1*23+0*22+1*21+1*20= 11 (decimal)
• Base 2
• Converting from binary to decimal is simple, just
as for 1011 above.
 Binary System

• How to know if 1011 is in binary or in

decimal? Subscripts are used to show
the base: 10112 (binary number), 101110
(decimal number)
 Negative Binary Integers
From 255 to 128 are treated as negative decimal
Number From -1 to 128

Decimal integer Binary integer

-1 (255) 11111111

-10 (246) 11110110

-20 (236) 11101100

-30 (226) 11100010

……….. ……………
 Positive Binary Integers
Decimal Binary

0 0000
1 0001
2 0010
3 0011
4 0100
5 0101
6 0110
7 0111
8 1000
9 1001
10 1010
11 1011
 Decimal

÷2 *2
Binary
Example 1 Convert Decimal to binary
(35)10 = (… )2
(110001)2

35 ÷2 1
17 ÷2 1
8 ÷2 0
4 ÷2 0
2 ÷2 0
1 ÷2 1
NO
 Example 2 Convert Decimal to binary
(45)10 = ( (101101)
… )2 2

45 ÷2 1
22 ÷2 0
11 ÷2 1
5 ÷2 1
2 ÷2 0
1 ÷2 1
NO
 Example 3 Convert Decimal to binary
(55)10 = ( (110111)
… )2 2

55 ÷2 1
27 ÷2 1
13 ÷2 1
6 ÷2 0
3 ÷2 1
1 ÷2 1
NO
Example 4 Convert Decimal to binary
(72)10 = ((1001000)
… )2 2

72 ÷2 0
36 ÷2 0
18 ÷2 0
9 ÷2 1
4 ÷2 0
2 ÷2 0
1 ÷2 1
NO
Example 5 Convert Decimal to binary
(85)10 = ((1010101)
… )2 2

85 ÷2 1
42 ÷2 0
21 ÷2 1
10 ÷2 0
5 ÷2 1
2 ÷2 0
1 ÷2 1
NO
Example 6 convert binary to decimal
( 100101)2 = (….)10

1*20+0*21+1*22+0*23+0*24+1*25

= 37
Example 7 convert binary to decimal
( 111101)2 = (….)10

1*20+0*21+1*22+1*23+1*24+1*25

= 61
Example 8 convert binary to decimal
( 111111)2 = (….)10

1*20+1*21+1*22+1*23+1*24+1*25

= 63
Example 9 convert binary to decimal
( 1100000)2 = (….)10

0*20+0*21+0*22+0*23+0*24+1*25+1*22

= 96
Example 10 convert binary to decimal
( 1101001)2 = (….)10

1*20+0*21+0*22+1*23+0*24+1*25+1*22

= 105
Example 11 Convert decimal fraction into binary
(0.125)10 = ( .001
… )2
integer

0.125 * 2 0.250 0
0.250 * 2 0.50 0
0.50 * 2 1 1
Example 12 Convert decimal fraction into binary
(0.0625)10 = (… )2
.0001
integer

0.0625 * 2 0.1250 0
0.1250 * 2 0.2500 0
0.2500 * 2 0.5000 0
0.5000 * 2 1 1
Example 13 Convert decimal fraction into binary

(0.03125)10 =.00001
( … )2
integer

0.03125 * 2 0.06250 0

0.06250 * 2 0.12500 0

0.12500 * 2 0
0.25000

0.25000 * 2 0.5000 0

0.5000 * 2 1 1
Example 14 convert fraction binary to decimal
( .0001)2 = (….)
0.0625
10

0*2-1 + 0*2-2 +0*2-3 + 1*2-4

= 1/16 =0.0625
Example 15 convert fraction binary to decimal
( .0011)2 = (….)
0.0625
10

0*2-1 + 0*2-2 +1*2-3 + 1*2-4

1 1
= + = 0.1875
8 16
Example 16 Convert decimal into binary
(35.125)10 = (100011.001
… )2
integer

35 2 1
0.125 *2 0.250 0
17 2 1
0.250 *2 0.50 0
8 2 0
0.50 *2 1 1
4 2 0
2 2 0
1 2 1 .001
NO
100011
Example 17 Convert decimal into binary
(42.125)10 = (101010.001
… )2
integer

42 2 0
0.125 *2 0.250 0
21 2 1
0.250 *2 0.50 0
10 2 0
0.50 *2 1 1
5 2 1
2 2 0
1 2 1 .001
NO
101010
Example 18 Convert decimal into binary
(39.125)10 = (100111.001
… )2
integer

39 2 1
0.125 *2 0.250 0
19 2 1
0.250 *2 0.50 0
9 2 1
0.50 *2 1 1
4 2 0
2 2 0
1 2 1 .001
NO
101010
 Addition

1+0=1
0+1=1
0+0=0
1+1=0 carry 1
Example 19

11000
+ 1100
100100
Example 20

11000
+ 1 1100
110100
Example 21

1 1 1

1011000
+ 111100
10010100
Example 22

1 1 1
100100.000
+ 1111101.001
10100001.001
Example 23

1 1 1
1 100101.000
+ 1111101.001
11100010.001
 Subtraction

1-1=0
1-0=1
0-0=0
0-1=1 borrow 1
Ex 24

borrow 1

11000
- 1100
1100
Ex 25

borrow 1

1111101.000
- 100100.001
1011000.111
Ex 26

borrow 1

11110
- 1101
10001
Ex 27

borrow 1

11111.000
- 110.001
11000.111
 Multiplication

1*0=0
0*1=0
0*0=0
1*1=1
Example 28

11000
* 110
00000
11000
11000
1001000
Example 29

11111
* 11
11111
11111
1011101
Example 30
1101.1
* 110.01
11011
00000
00000
11011
11011
1010100.011
Example 31 11111
* 11101
11111
00000
11111
11111
11111

1110000011
Example 32

11.1
* 1.11
111
111
111
100.001
Exercises
1- Convert Decimal to binary

(25)10 = ( … )2
(80)10 = ( … )2
(59.125)10 = ( … )2
(31.0625)10 = ( … )2
(125)10 = ( … )2
Exercises
2- Convert binary to Decimal

(…..)10 = ( 0.01)2

(…..)10 = ( 0.001)2
(…..)10 = ( 0.0001)2
(….)10 = ( 0.1)2
Exercises
3- Convert Decimal to binary

(0.125)10 = ( … )2
(0.0625)10 = ( … )2

(0.03125)10 = ( … )2
(0.5)10 = ( … )2
Exercises
4- binary addition

11011 + 111
1111001 + 111111
10001 + 100001

0.1101 + 0.101
0.010001+ 0.0101 + 0.010111
Exercises
5- binary multiplication

11011 * 111
11001 * 11101
1001 * 1001
0.101 * 0.01
0.0111 * 0.0101