Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Evidence-Based Clinical Practice (EBCP) Evidence-Based Health Care (EBHC) Evidence-Based Nursing (EBN)
Dengan melihat pada penelitian-penelitian kedokteran dan literatur-literatur (individual atau group), sehingga dapat membantu dokter
Menentukan diagnosis yang tepat, Memilih rencana pemeriksaan terbaru, Memilih terapi terbaru Memilih metode pencegahan penyakit terbaru.
Patient Values
Clinical Expertise
Research Evidence
Bukti-bukti klinik biasanya ditulis dalam suatu journal dan dokumen-dokumen, sehingga memudahkan seorang dokter atau klinisi untuk memanfaatkanya.
Menggunakan tehnik EMB berskala besar dengan pengelompokan pada penyakit yang sama dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan suatu practice guidelines atau konsensus.
Manfaat practice guideline oleh para klinisi digunakan untuk menentukan : Diagnostik. Terapi.
Digunakan sebagai gold standart/ standar baku/standar emas untuk praktisi klinik dan guideline therapi.
Klasifikasi EBM
1. Evidence-Base guideline.
EBM praktis pada tingkat organisasi atau institusi dalam bentuk guideline, pedoman, dan aturan
Costs?
3. SEARCH & RETRIEVE : Use efficient strategi 4. REVIEW : Check quality and usefulness of info 5. INTERPRET : Help patient understand info, application
EBP:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Assess the patient Ask the question Acquire the evidence Appraise the evidence Apply: talk with the patient
EBM:
1. Ask focused question
5. Evaluate performance
Forming a question
Identify key patient problem Phrased to facilitate finding an answer What treatment might be considered Alternative treatments to consider Outcome to avoid or promote
PICO
P = Patient or problem I = Intervention, prognostic factor, or exposure C = Comparison O = Outcomes (T)= Type of Study
Types of Studies
Case series and Case Reports Case control studies Cohort studies Randomized, controlled clinical trials Systematic Reviews Meta-analysis
PATIENT
PHYSICIAN
INFORMATION
LIMITED CAPACITY FOR CME Drug companies - may sponsor meetings that are little more than captive marketing sessions or biased education sessions (drug education vs promo)
Result may be push for more expensive, less effective treatments (ie push for CCBs over BBs) - calc channel blockers over Beta Blockers
EBM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LIMITED ACCESS TO LITERATURE DATABASES Desktop computer with CD ROM reader and modem ($900) Electricity 1 yr subscription to MedLine on CD ROM (?500) Internet connection $25/mt Convince administrators of expense: Publicly cite how searches help with lectures, research and patient care management decisions Get equipment from drug companies (usually strings attached)
EBM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LIMITED ACCESS TO ADEQUATE LIBRARY FACIILITIES ALMOST INEVITABLE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Identify resources via search, but then unable to retrieve articles!
A top EBM practitioner (Philippines) recommends: 1. Top 3 medical libraries in your country 2. Multinational drug company libraries 3. Friends and colleagues - including in other countries
WHAT IS THE BASIS OF YOUR MEDICAL PRACTICE ? A. Training, clinical experience and consultation with other professionals B. Convincing evidence (non-experimental) from articles, case reports, product literature, etc.
Level B:
Suatu penelitian yang memberikan manfaat klinik sedikit lebih baik dengan resiko sedikit
Level C:
Suatu penelitian yang memberikan manfaat klinik sedikit, dimana perbandingan antara manfaat dan resiko sama.
Level D:
Suatu penelitian yang memberikan resiko klinik lebih berat.
Level I:
Suatu penelitian yang tidak mempunyai bukti cukup, kualitas jelek atau banyak pertentangan.
TERIMA KASIH