H'( )* H +H,! -.

+
1. '. &. :. Ti liu tham kho L Don Din: Ho sinh thc vt, N ! N"n# N#hi$, 1%%&. (h)m Th* T+,n -h,u, -s: Ho sinh h.c, N ! /io D0c, 1%%1. N#u23n Ti4n Th54n#, -s: /ia4o t+i6nh sinh ho4a hi7n 8a7i, N ! /ia4o Du7c, 1%%9. N#" u,n ;a7nh, -s: /ia4o t+i6nh ho4a sinh th<7c v,7t, N ! N"n# n#hi7$, '==>.

5. P.M. Dey and J.B. Harborne: Plant biochemistry. 1997. 6. David L. elson and Michael M. !o": Lehnin#er $rinci$les o% biochemistry&third edition &1999.

Ha sinh thc vt

M/ 012 - 03i t45n#6 nhi7m v8 c9a ho: sinh h;c. < Ho=a sinh ho>c la? m@>t Ahoa ho>c. < #hiBn c4=C tha?nh $hD?n ho=a ho>c va? ECa= tri?nh chCyBFn ho=a trao G@Fi chD=t tron# cH thBF th4>c vD>t. & L45c sI m@n h;c: < Ho=a sinh ho>c la? m@>t Ahoa ho>c G@>c lD>$ t4? nCFa saC thB= AyF J*J. < +ron# thB= AyF JJ ho=a sinh ho>c GaK $ha=t triBFn ma>nh meK va? Ga>t G4H>c tha?nh t4>C cao tron# nhiB?C liKnh v4>c.

Ha sinh thc vt

- L= n#hiKa cCFa viB>c ho>c tD>$ va? n#hiBn c4=C vB? ho=a sinh th4>c vD>t: < Ja=c Gi>nh ca=c tha?nh $hD?n ho=a ho>c cCFa th4>c vD>t. < #hiBn c4=C ca=c #iai Goa>n cCFa ECa= tri?nh trao G@Fi chD=t. < M@=i ECan hB> cCFa trao G@Fi chD=t vH=i ca=c ch4=c nMn# sinh ly= tron# cH thBF th4>c vD>t. < Ho=a sinh t4>c vD>t co= y= n#hiKa to lH=n tron# n@n# n#hiB>$6 y ho>cN.

Ha sinh thc vt

@>i dCn#
- !h4Hn# *: Mn# l45n# sinh h;c vO sP ECan# h5$ - !h4Hn# **: !arbonhydrate vO trao GQi carbonhydrate tron# cH thR thPc vSt. - !h4Hn# ***: Protein vO sP trao GQi $rotein tron# cH thR thPc vSt. - !h4Hn# *-: TnUyme & c:c chVt "Wc t:c sinh h;c. - !h4Hn# -: -itamine - !h4Hn# -*: Li$id vO sP trao GQi li$id tron# cH thR thPc vSt. - !h4Hn# -**: !:c chD=t cX n#C@=n #@=c thY cD=$

!HZ[ \ *:

] \ LZ^ \ )* H H_! -` ), a2( \ H^P

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

Mb! +*c2 1. HiRC G45c bdn chVt c9a EC: trenh o"y hXa $hos$horyl hXa vO ECan# $hos$horyl hXa f. Lg thCyht hXa thVm c9a Michell i. aCan# $hos$horyl hXa cX tjnh chC Ak vO ECan# $hos$horyl hXa Ah@n# cX tjnh chC Ak l. !hC trenh !alvin m!in6 !hC trenh Hatch& )lacA m!ln6 !(M

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

1. \ioi thi7C chCn#:

& aC: trenh o"y hXa $hos$horylhXa lO EC: trenh chCyRn e& th@n# ECa (DH vO p(D GR AhI qf thOnh Hfq. & aC: trenh ECan# $hos$horyl hXa lO EC: trenh vSn chCyRn e& toi (DP< vO $hDn ly Hfq thOnh qf nhr ECan# nMn#.

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

+y thBF
- Ma?n# tron# ty thBF: ch4=a ca=c tha?nh $hD?n cCFa chC@Ki vD>n chCyBFn GiB>n t4F. - Ma?n# n#oa?i ty thBF: cho $he=$ ca=c $hDn t4F nhoF va? ca=c ion "CyBn ECa.

- Ph4=c chD=t vD>n chCyBFn GiB>n t4F trBn ma?n# tron# ty thBF: < -D>n chCyBFn tr4>c tiB=$ e&: thi= dC> nh4 hB> pe<ispe<f. < -D>n chCyBFn n#CyBn t4F hydro#en mH< va? e&n. < -D>n chCyBFn fe& HF da>n# ion hydride m:H&n. < \M=n tr4>c tiB=$ n#CyBn t4F o"y#en lBn chD=t Ah4F h4KC cH

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

)P thay GQi thR tjch ty thR:

< Bihn GQi thR tjch bt Gun#: do tjnh thVm c9a m@i tr4rn# ECyht Gtnh Ahi tr4Hn# $hvn# cX thR lOm Aem hwm o"y hXa $hos$horyl hXa < Bihn GQi thR tjch ch9 Gun#: liBn ECan Ghn dxn# vSn chCyRn Gi7n tI vO $hos$horyl hXa

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

Ma?n# tron# cCFa ty thBF co= 5 hB> $rotein thDm nhD>$: < (DH&CbiECinone o"ydoredCctase < )Cccinate&CbiECinone o"ydoredCctase < 2biECinone&cytochrom c o"ydoredCctase < !ytochrom c&qf o"ydoredCctase < (+P&ase

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

f. +@Fn# hH>$ (+P nhH? do?n# vD>n chCyBFn GiB>n t4F tron# chC@Ki h@ hD=$:
- (+Pase la? $h4=c $rotein ma?n# rD=t $h4=c ta>$: < Ph4=c py: #@?m 9 z 1f baFn sao cCFa l sH>i $oly$e$tide Aha=c nhaC. < Ph4=c p1: co= cD=C ta>o t4? 6 tiBFC GHn vi> ch4=a tDm #M=n (DP

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

- Lg thCyht hXa thVm: < Do Peter Michell G4a ra va?o nMm 1961. < HiB>C s@= n@?n# G@> $roton H< #i4Ka hai $hi=a cCFa ma?n# tron# ty thBF la? G@>n# l4>c ECan tro>n# cho ECa= tri?nh t@Fn# hH>$ (+P t4? (DP va? Pi. (DP < Pi < H< n#oOi (+P < Hf < H<tron#

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

- Ly= thCyB=t ho=a thD=m.

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

q"y ho=a $hos$horyl ho=a

Mn# l45n# #idi $hXn# tron# c:c $hdn Yn# o"y hXa (DH6 p(DHf cX thR G45c d{n# GR tQn# h5$ (+P. -e vSy AiRC tQn# h5$ (+P nOy lO Phos$horyl hXa o"y hXa tron# chC|i h@ hV$. Mn# l45n# #idi $hXn# tron# EC: trenh vSn chCyRn Gi7n tI nOy saC GX G45c enUyme (+P&ase d{n# GR tQn# h5$ (+P tron# EC: trenh $hos$horyl ho=a o"y ho=a.

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

i. aC: trenh ECan# h5$

- aCan# h5$ lO EC: trenh mO sinh vSt sI d8n# nMn# l45n# ho: h;c c9a :nh s:n# m}t trri thOnh nh~n# dn# nMn# l45n# cX Ahd nMn# AhI nh4 (DPH ho}c (DH vO (+P6 Gvn# thri sI d8n# n#Cvn nMn# l45n# nOy GR tQn# h5$ nBn G4rn#. & aC: trenh ECan# h5$ rVt $hYc t$ nh4n# $h4Hn# trenh tQn# EC:t li GHn #idn: !qf < Hfq qf < m!Hfqn

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

- aCa= tri?nh ECan# hH>$ #@?m hai $hase: < Pha sa=n#: chloro$hyll vO c:c sc t3 Ah:c cX m}t tron# l8c l$ hV$ thC ECan# nMn# to ra c:c $hDn tI #iOC nMn# l45n# (+P6 (DPH vO qf. < Pha t@=i: (+P6 (DPH G45c sI d8n# GR c3 Gtnh !qf thOnh #lCcose.

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

- !D=C ta>o cCFa lC>c la>$:

< Ma?n# n#oa?i cho $he=$ ca=c $hDn t4F va? ca=c ion ECa la>i dBK da?n#. < MOn# tron# c9a bdn di7$ l8c "h$ nh$ to thOnh nhiC n#Mn nh #;i lO thylakoi . !:c n#Mn nOy "h$ chvn# lBn nhaC to thOnh Ah3i #;i lO g!ana.

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

Chlorophylls are in membranes

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

i.1. )P sI d8n# nMn# l45n# :nh s:n# GR tQn# h5$ (+P vO (DH: - )c t3 chjnh hV$ thC :nh s:n# nm tron# mOn# thylaAoid lO chl a vO chl b.

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

i.f. )P hV$ thC :nh s:n#6 vSn chCyRn nMn# l45n# vO ECan# ho: h;c
h~n# $hDn tI chloro$hyll vO c:c sc t3 Aha=c to thOnh c:c $hYc h5$ anten cX nhi7m v8 hV$ thC vO tS$ trCn# :nh s:n# vOo trCn# tDm hot Gun#.

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

- +rBn cH sHF cCFa do?n# vD>n chCyBFn GiB>n t4F ma? chia la?m hai cH chB= ECan# ho=a Go= la?: < aCan# $hos$horyl ho=a co= ti=nh chC Ay? : liBn ECan GB=n hoa>t G@>n# cCFa do?n# vD>n chCyBFn GiB>n t4F theo ma>ch Ai=n va? chiF "aFy ra HF ECan# hB> th@=n# *. < aCan# $hos$horyl ho=a Ah@n# co= ti=nh chC Ay? liBn ECan tH=i caF hai hB> th@=n# ECan# ho=a.

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

aCan# $hos$horyl ho=a Ah@n# co= ti=nh chC Ay?:

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

i.i. !hC trenh Benson&!alvin:

(DPH vO (+P henh thOnh tron# $ha s:n# c9a ECan# h5$ G45c l8c l$ sI d8n# GR tQn# h5$ #lCcid vO c:c h5$ chVt h~C cH Ah:c. - )aC nhiB?C nMm n#hiBn c4=C m19l6&1961n Melvin !anvil GaK n#hiBn c4=C ECa= tri?nh c@= Gi>nh !qf tron# $ha t@=i cCFa ECan# hH>$ GaK $ha=t hiB>n ra trD>t t4> ca=c $haFn 4=n# #o>i la? chC tri?nh !alvin mchC tri?nh !in do saFn $hDFm GD?C tiBn hi?nh tha?nh la? m@>t hH>$ chD=t i&! la? i&$hos$ho#lycerate.

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

Calvin Cycle (the dark reactions)

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

i.l. !hC trenh Hatch&)lacA m04rn# h4on# !ln:

- M.D. HatcA mn#4ri cn vO )lacAmn#4ri (nhn Gw $h:t hi7n mut cH chh sinh ho: cDy mja vO mut s3 thPc vSt nhi7t Goi Ah:c6 tron# GX sdn $hm GC tiBn c9a EC: trenh AhI !qf lO mut h5$ chVt l! GX lO acid o"aloacetic.

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

)H G@? chC tri?nh !l:

Chng I: Nng lng sinh hc v s quang hp

i.l. !on G4rn# carbon c9a thPc vSt !(M:

h4 vSy ta cX m3i liBn h7 #i~a $ha s:n# vO $ha t3i nh4 saC: H fq qf nh sng Phdn Yn# s:n#
(+P (DPH (DP (DP<

!qf

!hC|i $hdn Yn# tron# chC trenh !alvin

!DC hi
1. Bdn chVt c9a EC: trenh o"y hXa $hos$horyl hXa vO ECan# $hos$horyl hXa f. \idi thjch bdn chVt c9a lg thCyht hXa thVm. i. +renh bOy EC: trenh ECan# $hos$horyl hXa cX tjnh chC Ak vO ECan# $hos$horyl hXa Ah@n# cX tjnh chC Ak. l. h~n# nt Ah:c bi7t tron# EC: trenh ECan# h5$ c9a thPc vSt !i vO !l