1. 2. 3. 4.

Arsenic Lead Mercury Iron

A.

Distribution
Pesticides, wood preservative metal alloys, glasses, enamels semiconductors, ammunition Occurs naturally in rocks, soil, groundwater, fish, seaweeds and shellfish

B.

Toxicity
Arsenic trioxide Affects the organ system GI, CV, CNS, BM, etc.

C.

Lab Evaluation
ICP-MS, AAS, AES Urine, Serum (Acute) Hairs or Nails (>3 weeks)

Signs of Arsenicosis: Spots on the hands

1. 2. 3. 4.

Arsenic Lead Mercury Iron

A.

Distribution
Batteries, ammunition, solder, foils, gasoline Paint chips and occupational exposures

B.

Toxicity
Affects the CNS, GI Causes motor weakness, nephropathy and anemia

C.

Lab Evaluation
Venous WB, Hair, Nails, Urine ICP-MS, AES and AAS

1. 2. 3. 4.

Arsenic Lead Mercury Iron

A.

Distribution
Fungicide Dental amalgams, mascara, ointment, antiseptics Diuretic, laxative, eye drops and nasal sprays

B.

Toxicity
Inhalation, ingestion and dermal

C.

Lab Evaluation
ICP-MS

1. 2. 3. 4.

Arsenic Lead Mercury Iron

A.
1. 2. 3.

Distribution
Hemoglobin Myoglobin Enzymes
i. ii. Peroxidase Cytochromes

4. 5.

Ferritin and Hemosiderin Transferrin and Albumin

B.

Absorption Transport and Excretion

Absorbed in Ferrous state

C.
i.

Toxicity
Fe Overload
Hemochromatosis Hemosiderosis

ii.

Prooxidant
Enhance production of free radicals

C.
i.

Laboratory Evaluation
Serum Iron
Measure Fe+3 bound to transferrin Fe+3 is complexed with color reagent

ii.

Total Iron-Binding Capacity

Measures iron that could be bound by saturating transferrin

iii.

Percent Saturation
Ratio of serum iron to TIBC

C.
iv.

Laboratory Evaluation
Transferrin and Ferritin
Measured by Immunochemical methods a. IRMA b. ELISA c. Chemiluminescence
Ferritin Storage Molecule Ferritin molecules store thousands of iron atoms within their mineral core.

C.

Laboratory Evaluation
Condition
Serum Iron Transferrin / TIBC Ferritin Percent Saturation

Iron Deficiency Iron Overdose

Hematochromatosis
Malignancy Chronic Infection

Coverage of Midterms is Electrolytes and Trace Elements Quiz Next Meeting