Running head: ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY GMOS

Annotative Bibliography Health Effects of GMOs Mary Claire Greco Wright State University

ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPY GMOS

Introduction Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs change crops genetic make up to avoid disease, plant death, and to improve plant productivity. Increasing agricultural yield

is beneficial particularly to the farmers and help mitigate world hunger. The use of GMOs in crops means that most items in the todays grocery contain GMOs. aware of this. The consumer may not be

It has been hotly disputed if food

producers must label GMOs or not. The use of GMOs in food is something that affects everyone because everyone eats. GMOs affect not only farmers but other professions as well. Medical professionals, such as nurses need to know When the

about the whole patient including their diet.

patient is able to thoroughly explain their diet including any GMO foods a nurse can better diagnose. This may be a

critical factor in understanding gastrointestinal issues of the patient. Not only is it important for a nurse to be

educated on GMOs, but also for nurses to know if GMOs are a part of the patients diet. Patients will only be able to

accurately inform their healthcare provider if GMOs are labeled on all food products.

ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPY GMOS References Armenakas, S. (2013). Genetically modified organisms in United States. Food and Nutrition Sciences,, 4(8), 807-811. doi: 4236/fns.2013.48105. Armenakas argues the consumers right to know based on how GMOs have affected test animals. Consumers are no longer protected by their labels. Since GMOs do not have to be labeled consumers are no longer completely informed. This is a regulation set by law. The references of this article are clearly labeled. The most used source in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, making this a reliable source. The research in this article is very well done and compiled from many reliable sources.

Byrne, P. (2010, September). Labeling of genetically engineered foods. Retrieved from http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09371.html

Byrnes article is systematically organized, first giving quick facts about GM food next going on to explain the current policies in the United States for labeling, finishing off with the pros and cons of labeling GM food. The article dives even further to compare other counties

ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPY GMOS policies of GM food against the United States. The

argument is supported by evenly arguing from both sides and thoroughly explaining. Compare and contrast tactics This article is geared

greatly strengthens Byrnes article.

toward the public, using many references and citations to identify where information was gathered from.

Drott, L. (2013). Accountability and risk governance: a scenario-informed reflection on european regulation of gmos. Journal of Risk Research, 16(9), 1123-1140. doi: 10.1080/13669877.2012.743161.

Regulating risks is difficult when dealing with a large institution such as the European Government. Decision makers must back up their claims with data. What exactly is the risk for using GMOs and who is accountable for that risk? The Journal of Risk Research uses information from the European risk governance as their main resource of information. The European governance must back up all statements with data. The article does its best to explain who is accountable in the community for the affects of GMOs , but the article never reaches a solid conclusion. The

ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPY GMOS source is reliable but not helpful in the goal of understanding the consequences of GMOs on the human.

FAS. (2013). U.s. regulation of genetically modified crops. Retrieved from http://www.fas.org/biosecurity/education/dualuseagriculture/2.-agricultural-biotechnology/usregulation-of-genetically-engineered-crops.html

The FAS uses this website to explain what the different agricultural branches the government regulates. Then goes on to explain how the government is currently regulating GM foods and their production through the Food and Drug Administration. The FAS uses current legislation Senators standing on This source

to back up claims and GM processes.

the matter of GM production is also explained.

can be trusted because it is regulated by the government and based on legislation and current standing which can all be backed up by public record.

PR, N. (2012, November 7). GMO Labeling Issue Is Here To Stay. PR Newswire US.

ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPY GMOS Newswire US tackles the subject of GMO labeling, arguing that people have a right to know what is in their food. Just label it. The paper uses information from Californias Proposition 37, which supports GMO labeling. The people want their food to be labeled so they are able to make informed choices about their food. The source comes off as biased because they only gathered data from those who supported Proposition 37

Sanderson, C. (2007). Understanding genes and gmos. (1st ed.). Singapore: World Scientific

Sanderson makes the argument that food must be safe to eat and that each country can make rules for their food industry. GMOs do have some benefits such as the

improvement of crop production and making farms more profitable. Sanderson back up his claims about GMOs by explaining genes. By first explaining the importance of genes he is able to explain how modification of genes will affect agriculture and people who consume GMOs. The

preface of this book validates the information within the book by explaining the extensive research and resources used to complete the book. The book is easy to use and goes

ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPY GMOS in depth to explain the topic of genes and GMOs, making it an effective source.

Toft, K. (2012). Gmos and global justice: Applying global justice theory to the case of genetically modified crops and food. Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Ethics, 25(2), 223-237. doi: 10.1007/s10806-010-9295-x.

Toft discusses how GMO supporters state that the use of GMO will increase production and help feed the worlds poor. The use of GMOs is controversial because of the complex morals behind it. The global institutions that use GMOs are not regulated closely. GMO usage to solve the

world hunger crisis is not supported by the Cartagenda Protocol because the rich are not sharing their wealth from GMO usage with the poor. The Codex Alimentarius does not

strictly regulate the use of GMOs and can lead to compromising morals. Industries are bending the rules Toft assesses the

under loose leadership, to get ahead.

question of supporting GMOs from three different points of view, optimistic GM cosmopolitan, balanced GM pluralist, and the anti-cosmopolitan GM skeptic. Using all these

different points of view and arguments allowed her to fully

ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPY GMOS see the subject and do her best to eliminate bias making the article reliable.

GMO LABELING GAINS STEAM ACROSS UNITED STATES. (2013). Quality Progress, 46(8), 18 Quality Progress discusses how the labeling of GMOs is gaining momentum in the United States. The opposition argues that it will take too much time and money to make the switch. Others are saying it is only a matter of time

till it happens. The evidence is state law status on GMO labeling. Quality Progress also uses the number of ballot proposals for labeling to back up claims. The sources are clearly labeled in the article and the U.S. government public documents were a main source of information in this article validating this reference.