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e-Learning BIOLOGI
Depan Kursus SISTEM SARAF NEURON

Anda sedang menggunakan akses tamu (Login) Indonesian (id)

Cari kursus:

Maju

Navigasi
Depan Halaman situs Kursus SISTEM SARAF SISTEM SARAF PUSAT SISTEM SARAF TEPI NEURON TERJADINYA GERAK Otak dan Sumsum Tulang Belakang SISTEM INDERA SISTEM HORMON Kategori Kursus: SISTEM SARAF / NEURON

N e u r o nm e r u p a k a nu n i ts t r u k t u r a ld a nf u n g s i o n a ld a r is i s t e ms a r a f . N e u r o nm e m i l i k ik e m a m p u a nm e r e s p o nr a n g s a n g a nd e n g a nc u k u pk u a t . N e u r o nt i d a km e n g a l a m ip e m b e l a h a ns e h i n g g at i d a kd a p a td i g a n t ij i k a s u d a hm a t ia t a ur u s a k .N a m u n ,p a d ak o n d i s iy a n gs e s u a i ,n e u r o nd a r i s i s t e ms a r a fp e r i f e ry a n gt e r l u k ad a p a td i p e r b a i k i .

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S t r u k t u rN e u r o n N e u r o nt e r d i r id a r it i g ab a g i a ny a n gb e r b e d as a t ud e n g a ny a n gl a i n , y a i t ub a d a ns e l( s o m a/p e r i k a r i o n ) ,d e n d r i t( u l u r a np e n d e k ) ,d a n
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a k s o n( u l u r a np a n j a n g ) .

B A D A NS E L B a d a ns e lm e n g a n d u n gn u k l e u s( i n t is e l )d a nn u k l e u s( i n t is e l ) d a nn u k l e o l u s( a n a ki n t is e l )y a n gd i k e l i l i n g io l e hs i t o p l a s m a g r a n u l e r .S i t o p l a s m ab a d a ns e lj u g am e n g a n d u n gb a d a nN i s s 1 ( s u b s t a n s ik r o m a t i k )d a nn e u r o f i b r i l( f i b r i l /s e r a ty a n gr a m p i n g p a d ab a d a nn e u r o n ) .B a d a nN i s s 1a k a nt a m p a kd e n g a nm i k r o s k o p e l e k t r o ns e p e r t ir e t i k u l u me n d o p l a s m ag r a n u l e ry a n gt e r s u s u n s e j a j a rs a t ud e n g a ny a n gl a i n n y a .B a d a nN i s s 1m e n g a n d u n gp r o t e i n y a n gd i g u n a k a nu n t u km e n g g a n t ip r o t e i ny a n gh a b i ss e l a m a m e t a b o l i s m e .P r o t e i ni n ij u g ad i g u n a k a nu n t u kp e r t u m b u h a nn e u r o n d a np e r b a i k a ns a r a fd a r is i s t e ms a r a fp e r i f e r .N e u r o f i b r i l m e r u p a k a nf i b r i ly a n gb e r b e n t u kr a m p i n gd a np a n j a n g,s e r t a t e r d i r id a r im i k r o t u b u l u su m u m n y a .N e u r o f i b r i ld i d u g am e m i l i k i p e r a n a nd a l a mp e n g a n g k u t a nn u t r i e nd a np e n y o k o n gs e l . L o k a s ib a d a ns e lt e r l e t a kd is i s t e ms a r a fp u s a t ,m e s k i p u na d a
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b e b e r a p ay a n gt e r l e t a kd is i s t e ms a r a fp e r i f e r .D is i t e ms a r a f p u s a t ,b a d a ns e ln e u r o nb e r k e l o m p o km e n j a d in u k l e u s .N u k l e u si n i t i d a ka d ak a i t a n n y ad e n g a nn u k l e u ss e l( h a n y am e r u p a k a ni s t i l a h) . S e m e n t a r ai t u ,b a d a ns e ly a n gb e r k e l o m p o ks e l a i nd is a r a fp u s a t , u m u m n y ad i s e b u tg a n g l i o n . D E N D R I T D e n d r i tm e r u p a k a nu l u r a np e n d e ky a n gb e r c a b a n g c a b a n gd a nk e l u a r d a r ib a d a ns e l .D e n d r i tm e n g a n d u n gb a d a nN i s s 1d a no r g a n e l .P a d a u m u m n y an e u r o nt e r d i r id a r ib e b e r a p ad e n d r i t .D e n d r i tt i d a k m e n g a n d u n gs e l u b u n gm i e l i n( s e l u b u n gl e m a k )m a u p u nn e u r o l e m a ( s e l u b u n gy a n gm e n y e l u b u n g is e l u b u n gm i e l i n ) .S e c a r af u n g s i o n a l , d e n d r i tm e n g h a n t a r k a ni m p u l sk ea r a hb a d a ns e l . A K S O N A k s o nm e r u p a k a ns u a t uu l u r a np a n j a n gd a r ib a d a ns e ly a n g b e r f u n g s iu n t u km e n g h a n t a r k a ni m p u l sm e n j a h u ib a d a ns e l .A k s o n m e m i l i k ic i r it i p i sd e n g a nb e n t u kp a n j a n gd a nm e n g a n d u n g n e u r o f i b r i l ,t e t a p it i d a km e n g a n d u n gb a d a nN i s s 1s e h i n g g at i d a k t e r l i b a td a l a ms i n t e s i sp r o t e i n . K e b a n y a k a na k s o nd i s e l u b u n g io l e hs u b s t a n s il e m a kb e r w a r n ap u t i h k e k u n i n g a ny a n gd i s e b u ts e l u b u n gm i e l i n .A k s o n y a n gd i b u n g k u s s e l u b u n gm i e l i nd i s e b u ta k s o nb e r m i e l i n ,s e d a n g k a na k s o ny a n gt i d a k d i s e l u b u n g im i e l i nd i s e b u ta k s o nt e l a n j a n g .D it e m p a tt e r t e n t ua d a a k s o ny a n gt i d a kd i b u n g k u ss e l u b u n gm i e l i ny a n gd i s e b u ts i m p u l R a n v i e r( n o d u sR a n v i e r ) .S e l u b u n gm i e l i nb e r f u n g s is e b a g a ii s o l a t o r y a n gm e l i n d u n g ia k s o nt e r h a d a pt e k a n a nd a nl u k a ,m e m b e r in u t r i s i p a d aa k s o n ,d a nm e m p e r c e p a tj a l a n n y ai m p u l s . S e l u b u n gm i e l i np a d as i s t e ms a r a fp e r i f e rd i b e n t u kd a r is e lS c h w a n n . M u l a m u l as e lS c h w a n nm e m b u n g k u ss e p a n j a n gd a ns e k e l i l i n ga k s o ny a n g k e m u d i a nm e m b u n g k u s n y ab e r k a l i k a l i .P r o s e sp e m b u n g k u s a ni n id i s e b u t m i e l i n a s iy a n gd i t a n d a io l e ha d a n y al a p i s a nk o n s e n t r i kd a r im e m b r a n
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p l a s m as e lS c h w a n ny a n gm e n g e l i l i n g ia k s o n .L i l i t a ny a n gk e n c a n g d a r im e m b r a ni n i l a hy a n gd i k e n a ld e n g a nn a m as e l u b u n gm i e l i n . T e b a l n y as e l u b u n gm i e l i nt e r g a n t u n gd a r ij u m l a hl i l i t a n .B a g i a nd a r i s e lS c h w a n ny a n gm e n y e l u b u n g is e l u b u n gm i e l i nd i s e b u tn e u r o l e m aa t a u d i s e b u tj u g as e l u b u n gS c h w a n n .N e u r o l e m ah a n y am e n y e l u b u n g ia k s o n s i s t e ms a r a fp e r i f e r .F u n g s in e u r o l e m aa d a l a hm e m b a n t up r o s e s r e g e n e r a s ia k s o ny a n gl u k a . A k s o nd a r is i s t e ms a r a fp u s a tk a d a n g k a d a n g m e m i l i k is e l u b u n g m i e l i n ,t e t a p id a p a tj u g at i d a kb e r s e l u b u n gm i e l i n .p r o s e s p e n y e l u b u n g a nd is i s t e ms a r a fp u s a td i l a k u k a no l e ho l i g o d e n d r o s i t ( k u m p u l a nb e b e r a p ad e n d r i t )d e n g a nc a r ay a n gs a m as e p e r t i p e n y e l u b u n g a no l e hs e lS c h w a n n . M a c a m M a c a mN e u r o n N e u r o nd a p a td i k l a s i f i k a s im e n j a d id u a ,y a i t ub e r d a s a r k a nj u m l a h u l u r a ns e r t ab e r d a s a r k a ns t r u k t u rd a nf u n g s i n y a . N e u r o nb e r d a s a r k a nj u m l a hu l u r a n B e r d a s a r k a nj u m l a hu l u r a n ,n e u r o nd i b a g im e n j a d it i g a ,y a i t un e u r o n u n i p o l a r ,b i p o l a r ,d a nm u l t i p o l a r . N e u r o nu n i p o l a r N e u r o nu n i p o l a rh a n y am e m i l i k is a t uu l u r a ny a n gt i m b u ld a r ib a d a n s e l .M i s a l n y an e u r o ns e n s o r i ku n i p o l a ry a n gt e r d a p a tp a d ah e w a n t i n g k a tr e n d a h . n e u r o nb i p o l a r n e u r o nb i p o l a rm e m i l i k id u au l u r a n ,y a i t ua k s o nd a nd e n d r i t .B a d a n s e l n y ab e r b e n t u kl o n j o n gd a nu l u r a n n y at i m b u ld a r id u au j u n gb a d a n s e l .N e u r o ni n it e r d a p a tp a d ar e t i n a( m a t a ) ,k o k l e a( t e l i n g a ) ,d a n e p i t e lo l f a k t o r i( h i d u n g ) . n e u r o nm u l t i p o l a r
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n e u r o nm u l t i p o l a rm e m i l i k is a t ua k s o nd a nb e b e r a p ad e n d r i t . P e n y e b a r a nn e u r o nm u l t i p o l a ri n ip a l i n gb a n y a kt e r d a p a td id a l a m t u b u hd i b a n d i n g k a nd e n g a nn e u r o nu n i p o l a ra t a ub i p o l a r .C o n t o h n e u r o nm u l t i p o l a ra d a l a hn e u r o nm o t o r i ky a n gk e l u a rd a r is u m s u m t u l a n gb e l a k a n g .

N e u r o nb e r d a s a r k a nf u n g s i B e r d a s a r k a nf u n g s i n y a ,n e u r o nd a p a td i k e l o m p o k k a nm e n j a d it i g a , y a i t un e u r o ns e n s o r i k ,n e u r o nm o t o r i k ,d a nn e u r o nk o n e k t o r . N e u r o ns e n s o r i k N e u r o ns e n s o r i km e r u p a k a nn e u r o ny a n gb a d a ns e l n y ab e r g e r o m b o l m e m b e n t u kg a n g l i a ,a k s o n n y ap e n d e k ,t e t a p id e n d r i t n y ap a n j a n g . N e u r o ns e n s o r i kb e r h u b u n g a nd e n g a na l a ti n d e r au n t u km e n e r i m a r a n g s a n g a n .S e ls a r a fi n ib e r f u n g s im e n g h a n t a ri m p u l ss a r a fd a r i a l a ti n d e r am e n u j uk eo t a ka t a us u m s u mt u l a n gb e l a k a n g ,s e h i n g g a s e r i n gd i k e n a ls e b a g a in e u r o ni n d e r a . N e u r o nm o t o r i k N e u r o nm o t o r i km e r u p a k a nn e u r o ny a n gm e m i l i k id e n d r i ty a n gp e n d e k d a na k s o ny a n gp a n j a n g .D e n d r i tb e r h u b u n g a nd e n g a na k s o nl a i n , s e d a n g k a na k s o nb e r h u b u n g a nd e n g a ne f e k t o ry a n gb e r u p ao t o ta t a u k e l e n j a r .N e u r o nm o t o r i kb e r f u n g s im e m b a w ai m p u l sd a r io t a ka t a u s u m s u mt u l a n gb e l a k a n gm e n u j uk eo t o tk e l e n j a rt u b u h .O l e hk a r e n a i t u ,n e u r o ni n is e r i n gd i s e b u ts e b a g a in e u r o np e n g g e r a k. N e u r o nk o n e k t o ra t a ui n t e r n e u r o n N e u r o nk o n e k t o rm e r u p a k a nn e u r o nm u l t i p o l a ry a n gm e m i l i k id e n d r i t y a n gp e n d e k ,t a p ib e r j u m l a hb a n y a k ,s e r t aa k s o na d ay a n gp a n j a n gd a n a d ay a n gp e n d e k .U j u n gd e n d r i td a r is a r a fy a n gs a t ub e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a nu j u n ga k s o nd a r is a r a fy a n gl a i nm e m b e n t u ks i n a p s .N e u r o ni n i
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b a n y a kt e r d a p a td is u m s u mt u l a n gb e l a k a n gd a no t a ky a n gb e r f u n g s i m e n e r u s k a nr a n g s a n g a nd a r in e u r o ns e n s o r i kk en e u r o nm o t o r i k .

S I N A P S

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S i n a p sa d a l a hs a m b u n g a na n t a r an e u r o ny a n gs a t ud e n g a nn e u r o ny a n g l a i n .P a d as a a ti m p u l sm e l i n t a s is i n a p s ,i m p u l sd a p a tt e r u s
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d i j a l a r k a na t a ud i h a m b a t .P a d as i n a p st e r d p a tc e l a hy a n gd i k e n a l d e n g a nn a m ac e l a hs i n a p s( s y n a p t i cc l e f t )y a n gl e b a r n y ak u r a n gl e b i h 2 0 0( A n g s t r o m ) . N e u r o ny a n gt e r l e t a ks e b e l u ms i n a p sd i s e b u tn e u o r np r a s i n a p s ( p r e s y n a p t i cn e u r o n ) ,s e d a n g k a nn e u r o ny a n gt e r l e t a ks e t e l a hs i n a p s d i s e b u tn e u r o np a s c a s i n a p s( p o s t s y n a p t i cn e u r o n ) .P e n j a l a r a ni m p u l s m e l i n t a s is i n a p sb e r l a n g s u n gs e a r a h ,y a i t ud a r in e u r o np r a s i n a p sk e n e u r o np a s c a s i n a p sd a nm e l i b a t k a nn e u r o t r a n s m i t e r( z a tp e n g h a n t a r ) . A d ab e r b a g a im a c a mn e u r o t r a n s m i t e r ,a n t a r al a i na s e t i k o l i ny a n g t e r d a p a tp a d as i n a p sd is e l u r u ht u b u h ,n o r a d r e n a l i ny a n gt e r d a p a t p a d as i s t e ms a r a fp u s a ts i m p a t i k ,d a ns e r o t o n i ny a n gt e r d a p a tp a d a s a r a fp u s a td a no t a k . N e u r o n t r a n s m i t e rd i p r o d u k s io l e hn e u r o np r a s i n a p sd a nd i s i m p a nd i d a l a mv e s i k e l .B i l as u a t ui m p u l st i b ad ib o n g k o ls i n a p s ,a d a 2 + s e j u m l a hk e c i li o nC a m a s u kk ed a l a mb o n g k o ls i n a p ss e h i n g g a v e s i k e l v e s i k e lb e r g e r a km e n u j uk em e m b r a np r a s i n a p s .V e s i k e l k e m u d i a nm e l e p a s k a nn e u r o n t r a n s m i t e r . B e r d a s a r k a nt e m p a t n y a ,s i n a p sd ib e d a k a nm e n j a d it i g am a c a m : S i n a p sa k s o s o m a t i k( a x o s o m a t i cs y n a p s ) ,y a i t us i n a p sy a n g t e r l e t a kd ia n t a r aa k s o nd a r is a t un e u r o nd e n g a nb a d a ns e ld a r i n e u r o nl a i n . S i n a p sa k s o n d e n d r i t i k( a x o d e n d r i t i ks y n a p s ) ,y a i t us i n a p sy a n g t e r l e t a kd ia n t a r aa k s o nd a r in e u r o ny a n gs a t ud e n g a nd e n d r i t d a r in e u r o nl a i n . S i n a p sa k s o a k s o n i k( a x o a x o n i cs y n a p s ) ,y a i t us i n a p sy a n g t e r l e t a ka n t a r au j u n ga k s o nd a r in e u r o ny a n gs a t ud e n g a na k s o n n e u r o nl a i n .

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